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Journal articles on the topic 'Nobot'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Menten, Lawrence E., Aiyou Chen, and Dimitrios Stiliadis. "NoBot: Embedded malware detection for endpoint devices." Bell Labs Technical Journal 16, no. 1 (May 16, 2011): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bltj.20492.

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2

Kochman, J. "Plasmopara helianthi Novot. na słoneczniku w Polsce[Plasmopara helianthi Nowot. on sunflower plants in Poland]." Acta Agrobotanica 30, no. 2 (2015): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1977.018.

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3

Tripurani, S. K., K. B. Lee, L. Wang, G. W. Smith, and J. Yao. "5 CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEWBORN OVARY HOMEOBOX GENE (NOBOX) IN CATTLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab5.

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Newborn ovary homeobox (NOBOX) is a homeobox gene that is preferentially expressed in the oocytes and is essential for folliculogenesis in mice. NOBOX knockout mice are infertile, and lack of NOBOX perturbs the expression of many germ-cell-specific genes and microRNAs. Furthermore, mutations in the NOBOX gene associated with premature ovarian failure have been described in humans. However, the temporal and cell-specific expression of NOBOX in bovine oocytes and the potential function of NOBOX in early embryogenesis have not been described previously. The objectives of this study were to clone the complementary (c)DNA encoding for bovine NOBOX, analyze the expression of NOBOX mRNA in bovine tissues including fetal ovaries of different developmental stages, and characterize the temporal expression patterns of NOBOX mRNA during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. Based on the sequence of a predicted cDNA for bovine NOBOX, we successfully amplified, using RT-PCR, a cDNA fragment representing the coding region of bovine NOBOX from bovine fetal ovary cDNA. Additional 5′ and 3′ sequences were obtained using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) procedures. The assembled full-length NOBOX cDNA is 2275 bp with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 500 amino acids with a conserved homeodomain and typical nuclear localization signal. The predicted NOBOX protein shares 61% and 49% amino acid sequence identity with its human and mouse counterparts, respectively. A BLAST search of the bovine genome database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) revealed that the bovine NOBOX gene is located on chromosome 4, spans approximately 5.5 kb, and is encoded by 7 exons. Northern blot analysis revealed an approximately 2.3-kb bovine NOBOX RNA transcript. RT-PCR analysis of RNA samples from a panel of 14 different bovine tissues revealed that expression of NOBOX mRNA is restricted to ovarian samples and can be detected in fetal ovaries harvested as early as 105 days of gestation, when primary follicles start to form. Further RT-PCR analysis using RNA isolated from oocytes and granulosa and cumulus cells of antral follicles indicates that bovine NOBOX is expressed in oocytes but not in other follicular cells. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that NOBOX mRNA is abundant in germinal vesicle and metaphase II stage oocytes, as well as from pronuclear to 8-cell stage embryos, but barely detectable in embryos collected at the morula and blastocyst stages, suggesting that NOBOX might be a maternal effect gene. Collectively, our results demonstrate that bovine NOBOX is specifically expressed in oocytes and may play a role in early embryonic development in addition to its known function in folliculogenesis.

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Bouilly, Justine, Florence Roucher-Boulez, Anne Gompel, Hélène Bry-Gauillard, Kemal Azibi, Cherif Beldjord, Catherine Dodé, et al. "New NOBOX Mutations Identified in a Large Cohort of Women With Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Decrease KIT-L Expression." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 994–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2761.

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Context: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a major cause of anovulation and infertility in women. This disease affects 1% of women before 40 years, and several genetic causes have been reported. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of NOBOX mutations in a new large cohort of women with POI and to characterize these variants and identify a NOBOX novel target gene. Patients and Methods: A total of 213 unrelated patients with POI were screened for NOBOX mutations, and luciferase reporter assays were performed for the mutations identified. Results: We reported 3 novel and 2 recurrent heterozygous missense NOBOX rare variants found in 12 patients but not in 724 alleles from ethnic-matched individual women with occurrence of menopause at a normal age. Their functional impact had been tested on the classic growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) promoter and on KIT-L, a new NOBOX target gene. The p.Gly91Thr, p.Gly111Arg, p.Arg117Trp, p.Lys371Thr, and p.Pro619Leu mutations were deleterious for protein function. Conclusions: In our series, 5.6% of the patients with POI displayed heterozygous NOBOX mutations. We demonstrate that KIT-L could be now a direct NOBOX target. These findings replicate the high prevalence of the association between the NOBOX rare variants and POI.

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5

Zambrano Alvarado, Jessica Thalia. "Roberto Noboa." Index, revista de arte contemporáneo, no. 09 (July 1, 2020): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26807/cav.v0i09.354.

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La pintura de Roberto Noboa ha sido descrita como “figuración especulativa”, y la densidad semántica de sus composiciones como propiciadoras de “la conjetura y el híper subjetivismo interpretativo”, o como “una narración incómoda y cómplice”. Su trabajo, gestado desde los años 90 en Guayaquil, no se puede asociar a las prácticas dominantes en el arte ecuatoriano del período y, a pesar de su fecundidad, continúa desarrollándose de manera distante a la escena contemporánea, más allá de su creciente influencia en el medio. El libro de la editorial EACHEVE recoge más de 200 cuadros del artista, analizando su proceso creativo y proponiendo perspectivas de análisis sobre su obra a partir de entrevistas, ensayos y registros visuales, que incluyen no solo sus pinturas sino también sus libretas de trabajo.

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6

Yao, Changfang, Likui Lu, Yiting Ji, Yingying Zhang, Weisheng Li, Yajun Shi, Jinliu Liu, Miao Sun, and Fei Xia. "Hypo-Hydroxymethylation of Nobox is Associated with Ovarian Dysfunction in Rat Offspring Exposed to Prenatal Hypoxia." Reproductive Sciences 29, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 1424–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43032-022-00866-6.

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AbstractPrenatal hypoxia (PH) is a common feature of a suboptimal intrauterine environment affecting the development of fetuses. Whether PH leads to abnormal ovary development is not yet clear. This study investigated ovarian function in offspring exposed to PH and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. SD female rats (n = 12 per group) at 9 weeks of age were housed in individual cages (21% O2). After the pregnant rats were exposed to hypoxia (10.5% oxygen) from embryonic day (E) 5 to E21, PH offspring were generated. All animals maintained normoxia during lactation. The number of follicles was counted in female offspring at 3 months under an optical microscope. The expression of Nobox, Gdf9, and Tets was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. Global DNA hydroxymethylation was measured by dot blot. The hydroxymethylation level of the Nobox gene was evaluated with an NGS-based multiple targeted CpG hydroxymethylation analysis method. Body weight and ovary weight were significantly decreased in the PH group compared with the control group. PH offspring have abnormal estrous cycle, decreased serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), and increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and follicular atresia, which are consistent with the clinical manifestations in patients with ovarian dysfunction. In terms of mechanism, the expression of Nobox was significantly decreased in the PH group. Subsequent high-throughput sequencing results showed that the level of hydroxymethylation in the candidate region of the Nobox gene was reduced. Cultured cells treated with hypoxia exhibited lower levels of both 5hmC and Nobox, while vitamin C, a coactivator of Tets, rescued hypo-hydroxymethylation and increased the expression level of Nobox. This study indicated that PH could cause hypo-hydroxymethylation of Nobox through epigenetic regulation and may consequently contribute to ovarian dysfunction in adult rat offspring.

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7

Koiwai, Kotaro, Kazue Inaba, Kana Morohashi, Sora Enya, Reina Arai, Hirotatsu Kojima, Takayoshi Okabe, et al. "An integrated approach to unravel a crucial structural property required for the function of the insect steroidogenic Halloween protein Noppera-bo." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 20 (April 2, 2020): 7154–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011463.

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Ecdysteroids are the principal steroid hormones essential for insect development and physiology. In the last 18 years, several enzymes responsible for ecdysteroid biosynthesis encoded by Halloween genes were identified and genetically and biochemically characterized. However, the tertiary structures of these proteins have not yet been characterized. Here, we report the results of an integrated series of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses of the Halloween GST protein Noppera-bo (Nobo). We determined crystal structures of Drosophila melanogaster Nobo (DmNobo) complexed with GSH and 17β-estradiol, a DmNobo inhibitor. 17β-Estradiol almost fully occupied the putative ligand-binding pocket and a prominent hydrogen bond formed between 17β-estradiol and Asp-113 of DmNobo. We found that Asp-113 is essential for 17β-estradiol–mediated inhibition of DmNobo enzymatic activity, as 17β-estradiol did not inhibit and physically interacted less with the D113A DmNobo variant. Asp-113 is highly conserved among Nobo proteins, but not among other GSTs, implying that this residue is important for endogenous Nobo function. Indeed, a homozygous nobo allele with the D113A substitution exhibited embryonic lethality and an undifferentiated cuticle structure, a phenocopy of complete loss-of-function nobo homozygotes. These results suggest that the nobo family of GST proteins has acquired a unique amino acid residue that appears to be essential for binding an endogenous sterol substrate to regulate ecdysteroid biosynthesis. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first study describing the structural characteristics of insect steroidogenic Halloween proteins. Our findings provide insights relevant for applied entomology to develop insecticides that specifically inhibit ecdysteroid biosynthesis.

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8

Melissa H., Novalin. "KEBERADAAN ALAT MUSIK NAFIRI PADA ANSAMBEL NOBAT DIRAJA DI SANGGAR SINAR BUDAYA GROUP MEDAN." Grenek Music Journal 2, no. 2 (April 5, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/grenek.v2i2.3826.

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Setelah penelitian ini dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Alat Musik Nafiri yang ada di Sanggar Sinar Budaya Group saat ini hanya tinggal satu buah saja dan kondisinya masih tergolong baik. Nafiri diyakini masih mengandung unsur magis. Selain itu, alat musik ini hanya dikhususkan untuk Ansambel Nobat Diraja, di mana sampai saat ini, di Sumatera Utara hanya Kesultanan Serdang yang masih memiliki ansambel tersebut. Para pemainnya merupakan bagian dari Sanggar Sinar Budaya Group yang dinaungi oleh kesultanan ini. Namun, karena Ansambel Nobat Diraja hanya dimainkan untuk Sultan, mengakibatkan tidak banyak masyarakat umum yang mengetahui tentang Alat Musik Nafiri, padahal memiliki keunikan yang patut diketahui. Maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa merupakan kebanggaan bagi Kesultanan Serdang karena masih dapat melestarikan Ansambel Nobat Diraja serta memiliki Nafiri dengan kondisi yang masih baik. Namun pengenalan pada masyarakat luas tentang Alat Musik Nafiri sangatlah penting, tentu dengan tidak mengurangi nilai sakral dan magis yang terkandung di dalamnya.

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9

Gankhurel, Ganzaya, Nomintsetseg Byambajav, Bayaraa Batnasan, and Dolmaa Gania. "The general characteristics and organic matters of therapeutic mud from Lake Noot (Mongolia)." Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 22, no. 48 (July 26, 2021): xx. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v22i48.1644.

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In this investigation, we examined the chemical composition, physicochemical properties, and organic matter of therapeutic mud from Lake Noot in the Arkhangai province of Mongolia. The therapeutic mud from “Lake Noot” is used in the pelotherapy of local health care services for some time but without deep characterization. Due to this, a study of therapeutic mud samples was required. Our research concentrated on identifying general characteristics, organic matter, mineralogical, and chemical composition of therapeutic mud at two different Lake Noot sites. Results showed that the therapeutic mud belongs to the continental hydrogen sulfide sticky mud type. The total organic matter in the therapeutic mud of Lake Noot was 14.44%. Total organic matter contains a humic substance of 42.17%, lipid 16.62%, and carbohydrate 7.13%. A total of 172 compounds were identified in the dissoluble organic matter of therapeutic mud, mainly of natural origin, using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. The dominant compounds were saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with 13–44 carbon atoms and carboxylic acids and their ethers. Some of the identified organic compounds have been reported antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.

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10

Wang, Zhengpin, Chen-Yu Liu, Yangu Zhao, and Jurrien Dean. "FIGLA, LHX8 and SOHLH1 transcription factor networks regulate mouse oocyte growth and differentiation." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 7 (February 22, 2020): 3525–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa101.

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Abstract Germ-cell transcription factors control gene networks that regulate oocyte differentiation and primordial follicle formation during early, postnatal mouse oogenesis. Taking advantage of gene-edited mice lacking transcription factors expressed in female germ cells, we analyzed global gene expression profiles in perinatal ovaries from wildtype, FiglaNull, Lhx8Null and Sohlh1Null mice. Figla deficiency dysregulates expression of meiosis-related genes (e.g. Sycp3, Rad51, Ybx2) and a variety of genes (e.g. Nobox, Lhx8, Taf4b, Sohlh1, Sohlh2, Gdf9) associated with oocyte growth and differentiation. The absence of FIGLA significantly impedes meiotic progression, causes DNA damage and results in oocyte apoptosis. Moreover, we find that FIGLA and other transcriptional regulator proteins (e.g. NOBOX, LHX8, SOHLH1, SOHLH2) are co-expressed in the same subset of germ cells in perinatal ovaries and Figla ablation dramatically disrupts KIT, NOBOX, LHX8, SOHLH1 and SOHLH2 abundance. In addition, not only do FIGLA, LHX8 and SOHLH1 cross-regulate each other, they also cooperate by direct interaction with each during early oocyte development and share downstream gene targets. Thus, our findings substantiate a major role for FIGLA, LHX8 and SOHLH1 as multifunctional regulators of networks necessary for oocyte maintenance and differentiation during early folliculogenesis.

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11

Duggan, Ian C., Colin DA van Overdijk, Sarah A. Bailey, Philip T. Jenkins, Helene Limén, and Hugh J. MacIsaac. "Invertebrates associated with residual ballast water and sediments of cargo-carrying ships entering the Great Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 2463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-160.

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Most ships entering the Great Lakes carry cargo and declare “no-ballast-on board” (NOBOB) status. Approximately 250 of these vessels annually load Great Lakes’ ballast water when they offload inbound cargo and then discharge this water (which has now mixed with residual water previously present in the tanks) when they load outbound cargo. This procedure potentially allows nonindigenous species present in ballast residuals to invade the Great Lakes. We collected residual sediment, water, and associated organisms from 38 NOBOB ships entering the Great Lakes. We recorded seven established Great Lakes’ nonindigenous species, including some discovered since ballast water exchange was implemented. Occurrences of species not yet invaded indicate that this vector provides further opportunity for invasion. Collectively, NOBOB vessels appear to constitute a greater risk than ballasted vessels, as they make up a greater proportion of the traffic entering the lakes (~90%), and they do not undergo ballast exchange. Invertebrates in residual water appear to have a greater opportunity for discharge than those in sediments, although most in the water fraction have already invaded this system. Invertebrate numbers in residual freshwater ballast could be dramatically lowered if these vessels flushed with open-ocean water prior to entering the Great Lakes.

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12

Yépez Rodríguez, Lorena Belén, Romina Gómez, MD., and Rafael Martínez, MD. "Calidad de atención percibida y grado de satisfacción de usuarios del Centro de Salud Nobol durante la pandemia de COVID-19 desde el mes de abril a junio del año 2020." Ecuador Journal of Medicine 2, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46721/tejom-vol2iss2-2021-12-22.

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La calidad percibida es la calidad que el usuario cree que tiene el servicio que se le ofrece. Consiste en uno de los enfoques en los que se puede llevar a cabo el análisis de la calidad asistencial de un establecimiento. OBJETIVO: Analizar la calidad de atención percibida y grado de satisfacción de los usuarios del Centro de Salud de Nobol durante la época de pandemia COVID-19. METODO: El presente estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo observacional, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Se obtuvieron los resultados mediante encuestas de satisfacción realizadas a usuarios del Centro de Salud de Nobol durante los meses de abril, mayo y junio del año 2020. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 203 encuestas. La satisfacción global fue de 60.09%. Se obtuvo una satisfacción en la fiabilidad de 58.4%, capacidad de respuesta de 58.1%, seguridad de 71.3%, empatía de 72.9% y aspectos tangibles de 85.7%. Se encontraron asociaciones entre la satisfacción en la seguridad (p=0.018), empatía (p=0.002) y los aspectos tangibles (p=0.001) con el nivel de instrucción de los usuarios. Se encontró asociación entre la satisfacción de los usuarios y su condición (paciente nuevo o subsecuente) en las dimensiones: fiabilidad (p=0.001) y seguridad (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: El Centro de Salud de Nobol alcanza la expectativa en el porcentaje de satisfacción de los usuarios, el cual es mayor al 60%.

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Haunschild, Robin, Lutz Bornmann, Devendra Potnis, and Iman Tahamtan. "Investigating dissemination of scientific information on Twitter: A study of topic networks in opioid publications." Quantitative Science Studies 2, no. 4 (2021): 1486–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00168.

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Abstract While previous research has mostly focused on the “number of mentions” of scientific research on social media, the current study applies “topic networks” to measure public attention to scientific research on Twitter. Topic networks are the networks of co-occurring author keywords in scholarly publications and networks of co-occurring hashtags in the tweets mentioning those publications. We investigate which topics in opioid scholarly publications have received public attention on Twitter. Additionally, we investigate whether the topic networks generated from the publications tweeted by all accounts (bot and nonbot accounts) differ from those generated by nonbot accounts. Our analysis is based on a set of opioid publications from 2011 to 2019 and the tweets associated with them. Results indicated that Twitter users have mostly used generic terms to discuss opioid publications, such as “Pain,” “Addiction,” “Analgesics,” “Abuse,” “Overdose,” and “Disorders.” A considerable amount of tweets is produced by accounts that were identified as automated social media accounts, known as bots. There was a substantial overlap between the topic networks based on the tweets by all accounts (bot and nonbot accounts). This result indicates that it might not be necessary to exclude bot accounts for generating topic networks as they have a negligible impact on the results. This study provided some preliminary evidence that scholarly publications have a network agenda-setting effect on Twitter.

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14

Nakamigawa, Masanori, Takumi Kondo, and Mitsugu Maéno. "Specific activation of the hb4 gene in the Xenopus oocyte through a Nobox-binding element located at the proximal promoter sequence." Zygote 27, no. 4 (June 28, 2019): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199419000017.

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SummaryWe isolated and characterized Xenopus tropicalis hb4 flanking DNA and showed that the −3076/+29 sequence was able to drive stage-specific transcription in the developmental process. Transgenic reporter analysis indicated that green fluorescent protein was expressed in the ovaries of female frogs at 3 months of age and in both the ovaries and testis of frogs at 6 months of age. A series of experiments with deletion of the flanking sequence and a subsequent luciferase reporter assay revealed that there were two positive regulatory regions and that the most proximal sequence of the promoter region had a certain level of transcriptional activity in oocytes. Subsequently, we showed that a conserved sequence containing Nobox-binding element (NBE) was essential for transcriptional activation and that Nobox expressed in the ovary had a crucial role in hb4 transcription through the NBE sequence.

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15

Takashima, Tomoya, Tsubasa Fujimaru, and Yayoi Obata. "Effect of in vitro growth on mouse oocyte competency, mitochondria and transcriptome." Reproduction 162, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-21-0209.

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In vitro generation of fertile oocytes has been reported in several mammalian species. However, oocyte integrity is compromised by in vitro culture. Here, we aimed to understand the factors affecting oocyte competency by evaluating mitochondrial function and transcriptome as well as lipid metabolism in in vivo-derived oocytes and in vitro grown and matured (IVGM) oocytes under atmospheric (20%) and physiological (7%) O2 concentration. We used single-cell RNA-sequencing as well as Gene Ontology and KEGG analyses to identify the molecular pathways affecting the developmental competence of oocytes. Oocytes grown under 20% O2 conditions showed a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulation of ceramide synthesis pathway-associated genes, and high ceramide accumulation compared with oocytes grown under 7% O2 conditions and in vivo-grown oocytes. This suggests that excess ceramide level causes mitochondrial dysfunction and poor developmental ability of the oocytes. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was lower in IVGM oocytes irrespective of O2 concentration in culture, although there was no common abnormality in the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biosynthesis. In contrast, some oocytes produced under 7% O2 conditions showed gene expression profiles similar to those of in vivo-grown oocytes. In these oocytes, the expression of transcription factors, including Nobox, was restored. Nobox expression correlated with the expression of genes essential for oocyte development. Thus, Nobox may contribute to the establishment of oocyte competency before and after the growth phase. The comprehensive analysis of IVGM oocytes presented here provides a platform for elucidating the mechanism underlying functional oocyte production in vivo.

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Watt, W. S. "Notes on Seneca, Epistvlae and Natvrales Qvaestiones." Classical Quarterly 44, no. 1 (May 1994): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800017298.

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By far the best edition is that of L. D. Reynolds (OCT, 1965). Other modern editions referred to are those of W. C. Summers (Select Letters, 1910); R. M. Gummere (Loeb edition, 1918–25); F. Préchac (texte) et H. Noblot (traduction) (Budé edition, 1945–64).

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MacIsaac, Hugh J., Thomas C. Robbins, and Mark A. Lewis. "Modeling ships' ballast water as invasion threats to the Great Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-090.

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The spread of nonindigenous species (NIS) in aquatic ecosystems provides an opportunity to develop new perspectives on the invasion process. In this paper we review existing invasion models, most of which were developed to describe invasions of terrestrial habitats, and propose an alternative that explores long-distance invasions mediated by discharge of contaminated ballast water by ships inbound to the Great Lakes. Based on current knowledge of shipping traffic to the Great Lakes, our model predicts that mid-ocean exchange of ballast water lowers propagule delivery by approximately three to four orders of magnitude relative to unexchanged ballast water. Propagule pressure of individual ships that enter the Great Lakes loaded with cargo and that declare "no ballast on board" (NOBOB) is typically one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of vessels that exchange ballast. Because NOBOB vessels dominate (~90%) inbound traffic into the Great Lakes, these vessels collectively appear to pose the greatest risk of new introductions, even though their individual risks are low.

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Qin, Yingying, Youngsok Choi, Han Zhao, Joe Leigh Simpson, Zi-Jiang Chen, and Aleksandar Rajkovic. "NOBOX Homeobox Mutation Causes Premature Ovarian Failure." American Journal of Human Genetics 81, no. 3 (September 2007): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519496.

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19

Pincay Baque, Marvin Ariel, Jordin Joel Baque Piguave, Junior Isidro Tumbaco Pincay, and Luis Fernando Lucio Villacreses. "SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS DEL RÍO GUINEAL DE LA PARROQUIA NOBOA." UNESUM-Ciencias. Revista Científica Multidisciplinaria. ISSN 2602-8166 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47230/unesum-ciencias.v4.n3.2020.253.

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El río Guineal se encuentra ubicado en la parroquia Noboa del cantón 24 de Mayo, provincia de Manabí. En este contexto se realiza la presente investigación con la finalidad de conocer los servicios ecosistémicos del río Guineal de Noboa el mismo que atraviesa la zona 2 (Río plátano, Río Chico), zona 4 (Porvenir) y zona 6 (San Jacinto, la Mocorita y Zapan) estas zonas están beneficiadas directamente por el afluente. Los métodos utilizados fueron el cualitativo, analítico y deductivo directo basados en la lógica y la información de las investigaciones realizadas con el objetivo de comprender la importancia de los servicios ecosistémicos. Estos nos permitió encontrar los siguientes resultados de acuerdo al dato del censo INEC 2010 evidencian que el abastecimiento de agua creció en 7,52% en un período de 9 años, en el mismo tiempo se incrementó el número de personas que acceden al recurso hídrico a través del río. Otros datos encontrados en el PDOT 2015 de la Parroquia Noboa, denotan un crecimiento poblacional en los últimos años con un porcentaje del 3,94% justificando los datos anteriores. Los servicios ecosistémicos de la cuenca son de gran valor para la sociedad, como la oferta de agua potable, control de erosión del suelo, hábitat de vida silvestre y recreación acuática. Cabe indicar que el estudio también fue relacionado con los ODS (Objetivos de desarrollo Sostenible) los cuales buscan mejorar la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos y el ambiente que los rodea, los objetivos que más se relacionan a los servicios ecosistémicos del río fueron el objetivo 6 (Agua potable y Saneamiento), objetivo 14 (Vida submarina) y el objetivo 15 (Flora y Fauna terrestre).

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El-Heba, Ghada Ahmed Abu. "MtNOOT gene enhanced high productivity and economical characteristics of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)." Plant Omics, no. 14(01):2021 (September 10, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/poj.14.01.21.p3141.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is the main vegetal crop that has tremendous popularity around the world. Medicago truncatula NOOT gene (Mt-NOOT) encodes a BTB/POZ-ankyrin repeat protein of the NONEXPRESSOR OF PR GENES1 (NPR1 family). It was introduced into Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato) genome. The tomato plants that ectopically expressed Mt-NOOT obtained several favorable traits and fruit quality. Heteroblasty between the transgenic and the non-transgenic tomato leaves and flower architecture were used to distinguish transgenic and wild lines. Transgenic tomato plants accumulated a significant amount of phenolic compounds and plant pigmentations compared to the wild type. On the other hand, transgenic plants acquired a considerable amount of antioxidant such as CuZnSO superoxide dismutase (SOD), tomato Catalase (CAT), and tomato Cell wall-associated peroxidase (TPX1) than the wild type. Antioxidant high content together with the high content of phenolic compounds enabled the transgenic tomato fruits to gain not only edible benefits, but also a significant higher shelf-time, extended to six months more than the wild type stored at 25°C in dark and dry condition. Surprisingly, transgenic tomato fruits did not show any rotten process during long time storage as they did not acquire any contagious microorganism. Total fruit productivity in transgenic tomato was greater than the control with an estimated ratio of 84%.

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Maquieira, Marina. "La Nueva gramática de la lengua castellana de martínez de noboa." Historiographia Linguistica 24, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.24.1-2.09maq.

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Summary This paper examines a treatise on Spanish grammar, i.e., a particular grammar which follows the tradition of French philosophical grammar. Bachiller D. Antonio Martínez de Noboa’s work, published in 1839, appears in a century when the Spanish grammatical tradition is at its best. Texts like Vicente Salvá’s (1786–1849) and of course Andrés Bello’s (1781–1865) have in recent years attracted the attention of researchers. However, Martínez de Noboa’s work is much less known, although Gómez Asencio (1981, 1985) did highlight its importance in his two indispensable studies of the period between 1771 and 1847. The Nueva Gramática de la lengua Castellana is indebted to the framework set by José Gómez de Hermosilla (1835) and Jacobo Saqueniza (1828), although it does include some original observations. This paper examines the structure of the work in question and aims to show how it is in global terms a unified text combining different aspects, of which the most striking is without doubt the syntactic one. With this aim in mind certain specific examples of the analogy pertaining to syntax have been studied. First those he himself highlighted, e.g., the article/pronoun and verb and then those comments on syntax which are logically pertinent, e.g., conjunctions. Noboa himself was cited as was Saqueniza as having been responsible for the introduction of distinction between coordinate and subordinate conjunctions in Spanish grammar, along with the distinction between simple and complex clauses. On the purely syntactic level, it was also Noboa who refined the whole notion of verbal government. Finally, there is a brief summary of the section dedicated to pronunciation and spelling which are also considered by the author to be in some way related to the other parts of the grammar. In sum, what makes this work particularly interesting is undoubtedly the emphasis on syntax as more studies had been carried out on morphology than in any other area up until the 19th century and continued after Noboa to monopolise questions concerning grammar throughout this century.

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22

Smit, Dennis. "Seborga en Prunetti: noot van de vertaler." Incontri. Rivista europea di studi italiani 30, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/incontri.10127.

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van Waalwijk, Maarten. "Aap, noot, Mies: het leesplankje voor professionals." Supervisie en Coaching 26, no. 3 (September 2009): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03080706.

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24

Voskuil, Piet. "Van Gogh en de hoge gele noot." Neuropraxis 18, no. 6 (November 7, 2014): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12474-014-0066-8.

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O'Dwyer. "Coming and Going: Nolot, Barthes, and the Porn Theater." Discourse 42, no. 3 (2020): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/discourse.42.3.0259.

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van Diepen, Eugène. "Overstap huisartsenpraktijk De Noot van HetHis naar MIRA." SynthesHis 13, no. 2 (June 2014): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12494-014-0033-z.

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27

Waterschoot, Werner. "Jan van der Noot's Het Bosken re-examined." Quaerendo 22, no. 1 (1992): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006992x00038.

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AbstractHitherto it has been assumed that Jan van der Noot's Het Bosken was printed by Henry Bynneman in London. The present investigation shows that this book was the work of two printers: Bynneman printed quires A-I, a colleague, possibly John Day, quires K-L. This is shown by differences in the typographical material, the make of the paper, the type area, the treatment of signatures and catchwords and the spelling habits of the two compositors. This division of labour between the two printers came about on the author's own initiative as he wished to speed up the printing of his book. This places the printing of Het Bosken in 1571 rather than 1570. Three copies of the book are recorded, apart from a recently discovered reissue (Cologne 1572, entitled Verscheiden Poetixe Wercken). There are individual differences between all the copies in their manner of compilation. These adaptations go back to Van der Noot who prepared every copy for a well-defined addressee. The three copies appear to have been distributed, not any more in England, but in the Rhineland where Van der Noot had moved in 1571.

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28

Bulun, S. E. "NOBOX Deficiency Disrupts Early Folliculogenesis and Oocyte-Specific Gene Expression." Yearbook of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health 2006 (January 2006): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-798x(08)70302-3.

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29

Williams, James S. "His life to film: The extreme art of Jacques Nolot." Studies in French Cinema 9, no. 2 (May 2009): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/sfc.9.2.177_1.

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30

Hein, S. T., A. Stolte, and U. Ch Dallmann. "Identification and Analysis of Nonlinear Transition Scenarios using NOLOT/PSE." ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 79, S1 (1999): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zamm.19990791329.

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31

Bouilly, Justine, Reiner A. Veitia, and Nadine Binart. "NOBOX is a key FOXL2 partner involved in ovarian folliculogenesis." Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 6, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmcb/mju006.

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32

Rajkovic, A. "NOBOX Deficiency Disrupts Early Folliculogenesis and Oocyte-Specific Gene Expression." Science 305, no. 5687 (August 20, 2004): 1157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1099755.

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33

Döken, M. Timur. "The Nature of Systemic Invasion of Stem and Leaves of Sunflowers by Plasmopara helianthi Novot. var. helianthi Novot. with Mechanism of Sporulation and Zoospore Release." Journal of Phytopathology 117, no. 3 (November 1986): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1986.tb00942.x.

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34

Waterschoot, Werner. "Jan van der Noot among English and German Printers." Quaerendo 42, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2012): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700690-12341251.

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35

Voskuil, Piet. "Erratum op: Van Gogh en de hoge gele noot." Neuropraxis 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2015): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12474-015-0073-4.

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36

Nikolova, Liudmila, Pepa Shindrova, and Valentina Entcheva. "RESISTANCE TO DISEASES, OBTAINED THROUGH INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION / RESISTENCIA A LAS ENFERMEDADES OBTENIDA POR LA HIBRIDIZACION INTERSPECIES / RÉSISTANCE À LA MALADIE OBTENUE PAR HYBRIDATION INTERSPECIES." helia 23, no. 33 (December 2000): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia.2000.23.33.57.

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SUMMARY Two accessions of the wild species Helianthus annuus L., GT-E-112 and GT-E-126, carried genes for resistance to Plasmopara helianthi Novot., Phomopsis helianthi Munt.-Cvet. et al. and Orobanche cumana Wallr. The material produced by interspecific hybridization with susceptible cultivated sunflower showed resistance to the three pathogens. Some progenies were resistant to two pathogens simultaneously. Self pollination helped to increase the percentage of resistance up to 100%. Accessions GT-E-112 and GT-E-126 of the wild species Helianthus annuus could be successfully used as donors for resistance to Plasmopara helianthi, Phomopsis helianthi and Orobanche cumana.

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37

Roy, B., S. Rajput, S. Raghav, P. Kumar, A. Verma, A. Jain, T. Jain, et al. "Characterization of oocyte-expressed GDF9 gene in buffalo and mapping of its TSS and putative regulatory elements." Zygote 21, no. 2 (January 10, 2012): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199411000712.

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SummaryIn spite of emerging evidence about the vital role of GDF9 in determination of oocyte competence, there is insufficient information about its regulation of oocyte-specific expression, particularly in livestock animals. Because of the distinct prominence of buffalo as a dairy animal, the present study was undertaken to isolate and characterize GDF9 cDNA using orthologous primers based on the bovine GDF9 sequence. GDF9 transcripts were found to be expressed in oocytes irrespective of their follicular origin, and shared a single transcription start site (TSS) at –57 base pairs (bp) upstream of ATG. Assignment of the TSS is consistent with the presence of a TATA element at –23 of the TSS mapped in this study. Localization of a buffalo-specific minimal promoter within 320 bp upstream of ATG was consolidated by identification of an E-box element at –113bp. Presence of putative transcription factor binding sites and other cis regulatory elements were analyzed at ~5 kb upstream of TSS. Various germ cell-specific cis-acting regulatory elements (BNCF, BRNF, NR2F, SORY, Foxh1, OCT1, LHXF etc.) have been identified in the 5′ flanking region of the buffalo GDF9 gene, including NOBOX DNA binding elements and consensuses E-boxes (CANNTG). Presence of two conserved E-boxes found on buffalo sequence at –520 and –718 positions deserves attention in view of its sequence deviation from other species. Two NOBOX binding elements (NBE) were detected at the –3471 and –203 positions. The fall of the NBE within the putative minimal promoter territory of buffalo GDF9 and its unique non-core binding sequence could have a possible role in the control of the core promoter activity.

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Kamarulzaman, Firdaus, Ahmad Rohi Ghazali, and Julenah Ag Nuddin. "Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Extracts from Quassia Borneensis Noot. (Simaroubaceae)." Open Conference Proceedings Journal 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210289201304010080.

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39

Jongenelen, Bas, and Ben Parsons. "The Sonnets of Het Bosken by Jan Van der Noot." Spenser Studies 23 (June 2008): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/spsv23p235.

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40

Nan, J. S. "Noot bij Rb. Amsterdam 9 maart 2016, ECLI:NL:RBAMS:2016:1199." Tijdschrift voor Bijzonder Strafrecht & Handhaving 2, no. 3 (September 2016): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/tbsenh/229567002016002003009.

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41

Ridruejo, Emilio. "Los Epígonos Del Racionalismo en España." Historiographia Linguistica 24, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.24.1-2.08rid.

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Summary French philosophical grammmar and grammatical rationalism developed from the 17th-century Port Royal Grammar, but they were not adopted by Spanish grammarians until early in the 19th century. Of works responsible for the introduction of French grammatical philosophy in Spain, one of the earliest and the most important one is the Principios de gramática general (Madrid 1835), by José Gómez Hermosilla (1771–1837/38?). The work was very well received; by 1841 it already was into a third edition. Even before first appearing in print, a manuscript of the Gramática General was used to adapt Gómez Hermosilla’s ideas to the 1828 Castilian grammar of Jacobo Saqueniza (anagram for Joaquín Cabezas). The most important of the Castilian grammars influenced by the work of Gómez Hermosilla were the one just mentioned and the one by Antonio Martinez de Noboa, published in 1839. The application of Hermosilla’s theories to descriptive grammars of Castilian required adapting both the theory and the description to achieve a reasonable fit between universal and language specific aspects. Other adjustments were required of the writers of descriptive grammars in order to avoid conflicts with a long and well established grammatical tradition. Nevertheless, grammars like those of Saqueniza and Noboa show innovations which resulted from their relationship with the theories of Hermosilla which will produce a deictic interpretation of articles, possesives and demonstratives, and will affect the theory of verb tenses, as well as the definitions of prepositions and conjunctions, and the classification of sentences. Additionally, Noboa’s Castilian Gramática, whose title makes a claim to be in accordance with grammatical philosophy, includes the most extensive and systematic treatment of syntax prior to the appearance of the work of Andres Bello (1781–1865) in 1847.

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42

Choi, Y., T. K. Yoon, and A. Rajkovic. "Characterization of Lhx8 DNA binding specificity and its regulation of Nobox promotors." Fertility and Sterility 90 (September 2008): S128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.184.

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43

Belli, Martina, Danilo Cimadomo, Valeria Merico, Carlo A. Redi, Silvia Garagna, and Maurizio Zuccotti. "The NOBOX protein becomes undetectable in developmentally competent antral and ovulated oocytes." International Journal of Developmental Biology 57, no. 1 (2013): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.120125mz.

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44

Albertini, David F. "NOBOX does right for the follicle reserve: insights into premature ovarian failure." Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 28, no. 7 (July 2011): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-011-9615-8.

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45

Qin, Yingying, Yuhua Shi, Yueran Zhao, Sandra Ann Carson, Joe Leigh Simpson, and Zi-Jiang Chen. "Mutation analysis of NOBOX homeodomain in chinese women with premature ovarian failure." Fertility and Sterility 91, no. 4 (April 2009): 1507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.020.

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46

Diehl, Huston. "Graven Images: Protestant Emblem Books in England." Renaissance Quarterly 39, no. 1 (1986): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2861583.

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‘“they adorned their Citie with all manor of sumptuous and costely buyldings, with all kinds of curious and cunning works, as Theaters, Triumphal Arkes, Pyramedes, Columnes, Spires, and a great number of graven images … All which sumptuousnesse and superfluitie hathe oftentymes … been to their great hinderaunce and damage.”“I have broughte in here twentie sights or vysions, caused them to be graven, to the ende al men may see that with their eyes, whiche I go aboute to expresse by writing”Jan Van der Noot, A Theatre for Voluptuous Worldlings

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47

Buczek, Bronislaw. "Diesel Fuel from Used Frying Oil." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/683272.

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New conversion technologies of used edible oils and waste animal fats into a biofuel appropriate for use in standard diesel engines have been developed, taking into consideration environmental requirements and improvement in the economics of current trans-esterification technologies. The variation in the properties of substrates made from used rape oil after treatment with mixed adsorbents (active carbon, magnesium silicate) was studied in this work. The obtained results are compared with the quality requirements for the substrates used in Vogel & Noot GmbH technology for transesterification of oils and fats.

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48

Kiptiyah, Nur Rotul. "KERAMAT KANJENG JIMAT : Raden Tumenggung Sosrokusumo I (Adipati Pertama Nganjuk)." Jurnal Ilmiah Spiritualis: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam dan Tasawuf 7, no. 2 (January 26, 2022): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53429/spiritualis.v7i2.300.

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Sebagai generasi muda, kita tidak hanya meneladani para pahlawan yang telah perjuang dan mendahului kita untuk menghadap Sang Pencipta, akan tetapi juga harus tahu tentang perjalan hidup mereka. Skripsi ini hadir untuk menjawab kegelisahan penulis akan hal tersebut. Terutama tentang sosok pemimpin yang menjadi cikal-bakal Kabupaten Nganjuk. Tidak hanya sekedar menjadi pemimpin, Raden Tumenggung Sosrokusumo I (Kanjeng Jimat) juga dikenal oleh masyarakat sekitar dengan karamah yang dimiliki. Tentu saja hal tersebut menjadi nilai lebih beliau sebagai pemimpin. Metode penelitian di dalam hal ini menggunakan kualitatif field research. Pola Penelitian Deskriptif dan Studi Kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Variabel Penelitian: tunggal yaitu Karamah Raden Tumenggung Sosrokusumo I. Sumber Data: 1. Primer: Keluarga, dan Takmir Masjid; 2. Sekunder: Dokumentasi serta Arsip-arsip. Metode dan Instrumen Pengumpuan Data: Observasi, Wawancara, dan Dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian: 1. Raden Tumenggung Sosrokusumo I (Kanjeng Jimat) masih memiliki garis keturunan dengan Raja Bima, kemudian Raja Bima memiliki 2 orang putra; yaitu kraeng Nobo dan Kareng Galongsong. Kraeng Nobo mengganti namanya menjadi Kyai Ageng Sulaiman. Dari Kyai Ageng Sulaiman lahirlah Kyai Honggoyudo dan berputra Raden Tumenggung Sosronegoro. Dari Raden Tumenggung Sosronegoro inilah kemudian lahir Raden Tumenggung Sosrokusumo I yang menjadi Bupati Nganjuk Pertama. 2. Raden Tumenggung Sosrokusumo I (Kanjeng Jimat) merupakan putra dari bupati Grobogan yang diutus untuk menjadi pemimpin di Daerah Berbek kala itu dan menjadi cikal bakal pemerintahan Kabupaten Nganjuk. Berkat kegigihanyya juga, agama islam semakin tersebar dan berkembang di Daerah Berbek. 3. Selama bertempat tinggal di Nganjuk, terutama daerah Berbek Raden Tumenggung Sosrokusumo I (Kanjeng jimat) banyak terjadi hal-hal yang tak terduga atau karamah.

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49

Rossouw, J. "’n Eeu van sentrale banknote in Suid-Afrika: Ekonomie, koste en voordele." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 1, no. 41 (March 29, 2022): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36303/satnt.2022.41.1.850.

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Hierdie artikel toon aan dat die kontantfunksie van sentrale banke (spesifiek banknote) weinig aandag in die akademiese literatuur kry en dra dus by om hierdie leemte te vul. Banknootuitreiking kom teen ’n groot koste vir sentrale banke, maar banknote in omloop is by wyse van muntloon (seigniorage) ’n belangrike inkomstebron vir sentrale banke. In akademiese literatuur kry muntloon ook min aandag. Die koste van die muntloonverdelingsooreenkoms tussen Suid-Afrika en die Gemeenskaplike Monetêre Gebied (Common Monetary Area), naamlik Eswatini, Lesotho en Namibië, is insgelyks ’n aspek wat min aandag kry. Hierdie aspekte word as areas vir verdere navorsing geïdentifiseer. Suid-Afrika het sedert unifikasie in 1910 sy eie onafhanklike geldeenheid, wat tot 1961 op die imperiale stelsel van £/s/d gemodelleer was. ’n Desimale geldstelsel is in 1961 in omloop gebring. Suid-Afrika het toevallig in 1961 ook ’n Republiek geword, maar die twee prosesse was totaal onafhanklik van mekaar. ’n Desimale geldstelsel was nie ’n voorwaarde vir Republiekwording, nie, terwyl Republiekwording ook nie ’n voorwaarde vir ’n desimale geldstelsel was nie. Beide Australië en Nieu-Seeland het gedesimaliseer sonder om onafhanklike republieke te word. Sedert 1922 groei banknote in omloop betreklik konstant teen ’n gemiddelde groeikoers naby 10 persent per jaar. Die konstante groeikoers word aangeteken ten spyte van groot wisselvalligheid in die jaarlikse ekonomiese groeikoers en in die jaarlikse inflasiekoers gedurende die afgelope eeu. Hierdie groeikoers is volgehou ten spyte van die aanvaarding van nuwe betaalinstrumente soos kredietkaarte en direkte fondsoorplasing. Dit is egter nog té vroeg om te oordeel of kriptogeldeenhede soos Bitcoin ’n verandering in die groeikoers van banknote in omloop tot gevolg sal hê. Die reële waarde van die grootste noot in omloop in Suid-Afrika het oor tyd skerp afgeneem. Tans is dit die R200-noot, wat reeds sedert 1993 die grootste noot in omloop is. Suid-Afrika is gereed vir ’n banknoot met ’n groter sigwaarde as R200, want in reële terme is R200 die laagste sigwaarde ooit vir die grootste banknoot in omloop sedert 1922 indien aangepas vir inflasie. Selfs binne ’n kontantomgewing is die nasionale betaalstelsel van groot belang, want dit is die stelsel wat gebruik word vir transaksies op bankrekeninge by handelsbanke, onder meer wanneer kliënte kontant uit bankrekeninge onttrek of geld deponeer. Die stelsel maak intydse vereffening van transaksies op bankrekeninge moontlik. Dit is opvallend dat die nasionale betaalstelsel ook min aandag in die akademiese literatuur kry. Laastens is daar ’n tekort aan vergelykende studies oor die banknootverspreidingsfunksies van sentrale banke. Studies van hierdie aard sal nuttig wees binne ’n groter vergelykende studie van die institusionele aspekte van sentrale banke.

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CONAGHAN, CATHERINE M. "Prosecuting Presidents: The Politics within Ecuador's Corruption Cases." Journal of Latin American Studies 44, no. 4 (November 2012): 649–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x12000776.

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AbstractAcross Latin America, many former presidents have faced criminal prosecutions on corruption charges, with widely varied outcomes. As with an impeachment, law and politics intersect in the prosecution of a president. In this essay, I examine this nexus by mapping the actions of agents who mobilise to influence how the justice system processes presidential prosecutions: first, accountability actors located in state-based institutions and civil society; second, partisan actors in the executive and legislative branches; and third, defendants, and their partisan and civil society supporters. This study argues that variations in the make-up, resources and alignment of these sets of actors fundamentally shape the trajectory of legal cases. Proceedings against three former presidents of Ecuador are analysed: Abdalá Bucaram, Jamil Mahuad and Gustavo Noboa.

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