Journal articles: 'Noble Metal Nanoparticle - Biomedical Applications'

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Sanchez, Laura M., and Vera A. Alvarez. "Advances in Magnetic Noble Metal/Iron-Based Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles as Biomedical Devices." Bioengineering 6, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6030075.

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The study of the noble metal magnetic hybrid nanoparticles is a really promising topic from both the scientific and the technological points of views, with applications in several fields. Iron oxide materials which are hybridized with noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing interest among researchers because of their cooperative effects on combined magnetic, electronic, photonic, and catalytic activities. This review article contains a summary of magnetic noble metal/iron oxide nanoparticle systems potentially useful in practical biomedical applications. Among the applications, engineered devices for both medical diagnosis and treatments were considered. The preparation to produce different structures, as blends or core-shell structures, of several nanometric systems was also considered. Several characterization techniques available to describe the structure, morphology and different kinds of properties of hybrid nanoparticles are also included in this review.

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Conde, João, Gonçalo Doria, and Pedro Baptista. "Noble Metal Nanoparticles Applications in Cancer." Journal of Drug Delivery 2012 (October 5, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/751075.

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Nanotechnology has prompted new and improved materials for biomedical applications with particular emphasis in therapy and diagnostics. Special interest has been directed at providing enhanced molecular therapeutics for cancer, where conventional approaches do not effectively differentiate between cancerous and normal cells; that is, they lack specificity. This normally causes systemic toxicity and severe and adverse side effects with concomitant loss of quality of life. Because of their small size, nanoparticles can readily interact with biomolecules both at surface and inside cells, yielding better signals and target specificity for diagnostics and therapeutics. This way, a variety of nanoparticles with the possibility of diversified modification with biomolecules have been investigated for biomedical applications including their use in highly sensitive imaging assays, thermal ablation, and radiotherapy enhancement as well as drug and gene delivery and silencing. Here, we review the available noble metal nanoparticles for cancer therapy, with particular focus on those already being translated into clinical settings.

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Azharuddin, Mohammad, Geyunjian H. Zhu, Debapratim Das, Erdogan Ozgur, Lokman Uzun, Anthony P. F. Turner, and Hirak K. Patra. "A repertoire of biomedical applications of noble metal nanoparticles." Chemical Communications 55, no. 49 (2019): 6964–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc01741k.

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The emerging properties of noble metal nanoparticles are attracting huge interest from the translational scientific community. In this feature article, we highlight recent advances in the adaptation of noble metal nanomaterials and their biomedical applications in therapeutics, diagnostics and sensing.

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Pandey, Prem C., and Govind Pandey. "Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles for biomedical applications." MRS Advances 1, no. 11 (2016): 681–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.47.

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ABSTRACTWe report herein a facile approach to synthesize processable bimetallic nanoparticles (Pd-Au/AuPd/Ag-Au/Au-Ag) decorated Prussian blue nanocomposite (PB-AgNP). The presence of cyclohexanone/formaldehyde facilitates the formation of functional bimetallic nanoparticles from 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTMS) capped desired ratio of hetero noble metal ions. The use of 3-APTMS and cyclohexanone also enables the synthesis of polycrystalline Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs). As synthesized PBNPs, Pd-Au/Au-Pd/Ag-Au/Au-Ag enable the formation of nano-structured composites displaying better catalytic activity than that recorded with natural enzyme. The nanomaterials have been characterized by Uv-Vis, FT-IR and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with following major findings: (1) 3-APTMS capped noble metal ions in the presence of suitable organic reducing agents i.e.; 3 glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), cyclohexanone and formaldehyde; are converted into respective nanoparticles under ambient conditions, (2) the time course of synthesis and dispersibility of the nanoparticles are found as a function of organic reducing agents, (3) the use of formaldehyde and cyclohexanone in place of GPTMS with 3-APTMS outclasses the other two in imparting better stability of amphiphilic nanoparticles with reduced silanol content, (4) simultaneous synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles under desired ratio of palladium/gold and silver/ gold cations are recorded, (5) the nanoparticles made from the use of 3-APTMS and cyclohexanone enable the formation of homogeneous nanocomposite with PBNP as peroxidase mimetic representing potential substitute of peroxidase enzyme. The peroxidase mimetic ability has been found to vary as a function of 3-APTMS concentration revealing the potential role of functional metal nanoparticles in bioanalytical applications.

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Xu, Jing, Chuanqi Peng, Mengxiao Yu, and Jie Zheng. "Renal clearable noble metal nanoparticles: photoluminescence, elimination, and biomedical applications." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology 9, no. 5 (January 10, 2017): e1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1453.

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Dehghan Banadaki, Arash, and Amir Kajbafvala. "Recent Advances in Facile Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanostructures: An Overview." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/985948.

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Nobel metal nanomaterials with interesting physical and chemical properties are ideal building blocks for engineering and tailoring nanoscale structures for specific technological applications. Bimetallic nanomaterials consisting of magnetic metals and noble metals have attracted much interest for their promising potentials in many fields including magnetic sensors, catalysts, optical detection, and biomedical applications. Particularly, effective control of the size, shape, architecture, and compositional microstructure of metal nanomaterials plays an important role in enhancing their functionality and application potentials, for example, in fuel cells, optical and biomedical sensing. This paper focuses on recent advances in controllable synthesis of bimetallic nanostructured materials. Recent contributions in controllable synthesis of bimetallic nanomaterials with different architectures including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets, or nanotubes and their assemblies are presented in this paper. A wide range of facile synthesis methods are covered herein with high emphasis on wet chemical methods owing to their facility of use, efficacy, and smaller environmental footprint.

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Fernandez, Carlos A., and Chien W. Wai. "A Simple and Rapid Method of Making 2D and 3D Arrays of Gold Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.120.

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Monodispersive gold nanoparticles can be synthesized by a dropwise addition of a reducing agent microemulsion to a gold ion microemulsion followed by immediate stabilization with 1-decanethiol. No size-selective precipitations or digestive ripening procedures are necessary. There is no need for metal functionalization of the surfactant AOT. Gold nanoparticles with an average size of 3.8 nm and a relative size dispersion of 5.4% were observed using n-heptane as a solvent. It seems possible to adjust the nanoparticle size by small changes in the carbon chain length of the solvent. Self-assembled 2D and 3D arrays of gold nanoparticles with adjustable sizes have been obtained on carbon-coated copper grids and on a silicon wafer. The arrays have good crystallinity as evidenced by the external morphology and transmission electron diffraction results. The size of the gold nanoparticle 3D arrays depends on the immersion time and can be greater than 15 μm. This approach could be used to synthesize other noble metal nanoparticle arrays that may lead to new materials for electronic and photonic applications.

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Saivarshine S, Keerthi Sasanka L, Gayathri R, and Dhanraj Ganapathy. "Awareness of Silver Nanoparticles and its Biomedical Applications among Undergraduate Dental and Medical Students - A Survey." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (September 9, 2020): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.2904.

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Silver, which is considered as a noble metal, can be synthesised into nanoparticles which can be widely used in biomedical applications questionnaire was prepared and administered to 100 participants through Google forms - an online survey platform. The study population included all the undergraduate dental and medical students. The results were collected, and data were generated using SPSS software students (undergraduates) in the field of dentistry and medicine on a maximum amount were aware of that widespread biomedical applications of silver nanoparticles. The survey analysed the awareness of Silver nanoparticles and their biomedical applications among undergraduate medical and dental students.

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Tran, Hung-Vu, Nhat M. Ngo, Riddhiman Medhi, Pannaree Srinoi, Tingting Liu, Supparesk Rittikulsittichai, and T. Randall Lee. "Multifunctional Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: A Review." Materials 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15020503.

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Due to their good magnetic properties, excellent biocompatibility, and low price, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are the most commonly used magnetic nanomaterials and have been extensively explored in biomedical applications. Although magnetic IONPs can be used for a variety of applications in biomedicine, most practical applications require IONP-based platforms that can perform several tasks in parallel. Thus, appropriate engineering and integration of magnetic IONPs with different classes of organic and inorganic materials can produce multifunctional nanoplatforms that can perform several functions simultaneously, allowing their application in a broad spectrum of biomedical fields. This review article summarizes the fabrication of current composite nanoplatforms based on integration of magnetic IONPs with organic dyes, biomolecules (e.g., lipids, DNAs, aptamers, and antibodies), quantum dots, noble metal NPs, and stimuli-responsive polymers. We also highlight the recent technological advances achieved from such integrated multifunctional platforms and their potential use in biomedical applications, including dual-mode imaging for biomolecule detection, targeted drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy, and magnetic hyperthermia therapy.

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Yang, Xu, Wu, Fang, Zhong, Wang, Bu, and Yuan. "Atomic Force Microscope Guided SERS Spectra Observation for Au@Ag-4MBA@PVP Plasmonic Nanoparticles." Molecules 24, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 3789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203789.

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Recently polymer encapsulated surface-enhanced-Raman-scattering (SERS) probes with internal noble metal core–shell structure has found growing applications in biomedical applications. Here we studied the SERS spectra of Au@Ag–4MBA@PVP (4MBA: 4-mercaptobenzoic acid; PVP: polyvinylpyrrolidone) plasmonic nanoparticles produced from a chemical reduction method. By linking the atomic force microscope (AFM) with the homebuilt confocal Raman spectrometer thus to use AFM images as guidance, we realized the measurement of the SERS spectra from separated nanoparticles. We investigated the cases for single nanoparticles and for dimer structures and report several observed results including SERS spectra linearly scaled with laser power, abrupt boosting and abnormal shape changing of SERS spectra for dimer structures. Based on the finite element method simulation, we explained the observed ratio of SERS signals between the dimer structure and the single nanoparticle, and attributed the observed abnormal spectra to the photothermal effect of these plasmonic nanoparticles. Our study provides valuable guidance for choosing appropriate laser power when applying similar SERS probes to image biological cells.

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Rauf, Nurlaela. "Recent Progress of ZnO-Based Nanoparticle: Synthesizing Methods of Various Dopant and Applications." Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat 20, no. 1 (May 2, 2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/flux.v20i1.16044.

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This review focus on the effect of doping rare earth metals, transition metals, noble metals, poor metals, and non-metals on ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO is a semiconductor material with an average wide energy band gap of 3.2 eV. The doping is used to improve the properties of ZnO which strongly depend on their application. The concentration of doping, the type of doping and the process using sol-gel, hydrothermal and precipitation methods are affected in modifying the ZnO lattice parameters. The transition metal widely used for photocatalysts and sensors. The doped application of ZnO nanoparticles as a semiconductor material has proven advantageous in enabling various photocatalytic, glucose biosensors, VOC detection sensors, antibacterial, biomedical, and optoelectronic spintronic, LED, NLO, and silicon solar cells. This review provided information for scientist in choosing the synthesizing methods of ZnO with desired properties and application in future.

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Gacem, Amel, Suriyaprabha Rajendran, Mohd Abul Hasan, Shakti Devi Kakodiya, Shreya Modi, Krishna Kumar Yadav, Nasser S. Awwad, Saiful Islam, Sungmin Park, and Byong-Hun Jeon. "Plasmon Inspired 2D Carbon Nitrides: Structural, Optical and Surface Characteristics for Improved Biomedical Applications." Crystals 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2022): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12091213.

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In the past few years, noble metal-based 2D nanomaterials particularly Ag and Au enriched carbon nitrides have seen advanced catalytic actions and reactivity. These composite nanostructures’ chemical and physical characteristics have been applied to improve the targeted functionalities in healthcare and medical sciences. Many scientists and experts were inspired to study their foundational technologies in the medicinal industries via architectural and surface modifications by doping of noble nanoparticles. Here, we have provided fundamental ideas for structuring Ag and Au decorated CNs (carbon nitrides) by studying their morphological and modified surface properties for biomedical applications. There is a vast spectrum of publications that discusses the peculiarities of CNs and noble metal’s key discoveries. The impact of surface plasmons resonance (SPR) is an essential factor for noble metals and that is why it is focused extensively for better performance in biomedical sectors. The elemental combinations on the CNs surfaces and their morphological status were found to be much more efficient which is broadly discussed. The fabrication techniques, structural characterizations, and SPR role of Ag and Au are addressed including fundamental concepts followed by many suitable examples under this review.

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Thach-Nguyen, Roya, and Trung Dang-Bao. "Noble metal nanoparticles dispersed on nanocellulose: a green platform for catalytic organic transformations." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1258, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1258/1/012014.

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In recent years, plant-derived biomaterials, typically cellulose, acting as catalytic supports have a great impact on heterogeneous catalysis thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, low-cost, availability and easy-implementation. As the most abundant biopolymer found in nature, cellulose consists of repeating cellobiose units which are built up from two anhydroglucose rings and linked by a β-1,4 glycosidic bond. The term of “nanocellulose” has been widely used to describe cellulose nano-objects, involving cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and bacterial cellulose (BC). Nanocellulose features high specific surface area and controllable surface chemistry, high crystalline structure, superior mechanical strength and thermal stability, resulting in its applications in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, biomedical and paper industries. Concerning to catalytic support application, the nanocellulose surface possesses the hydroxyl (in nature) or the sulfate ester groups (modified via acid hydrolysis), facilitating metal ions reduction towards the corresponding metal nanoparticles. In addition, the supramolecular structure of cellulose permits to disperse metal nanoparticles and prevent their agglomerations. In this context, nanocellulose is introduced as matrices for immobilizing noble metal nanoparticles and then applied to catalytic organic transformations.

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Lee, Seungah, and Seong Ho Kang. "Wavelength-Dependent Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence Biosensors via Resonance Energy Transfer Modulation." Biosensors 13, no. 3 (March 13, 2023): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13030376.

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Fluorescence can be enhanced or quenched depending on the distance between the surface of a metal nanoparticle and the fluorophore molecule. Fluorescence enhancement by nearby metal particles is called metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). MEF shows promising potential in the field of fluorescence-based biological sensing. MEF-based biosensor systems generally fall into two platform categories: (1) a two/three-dimensional scaffold, or (2) a colloidal suspension. This review briefly summarizes the application studies using wavelength-dependent carbon dots (UV-VIS), noble metals (VIS), and upconversion nanoparticles (NIR to VIS), representative nanomaterials that contribute to the enhancement of fluorescence through the resonance energy transfer modulation and then presents a perspective on this topic.

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Bansal, Amit, and S. S. Verma. "Searching for Alternative Plasmonic Materials for Specific Applications." Indian Journal of Materials Science 2014 (May 12, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/897125.

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The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based optical properties such as light scattering, absorption, and extinction efficiencies of multimetallic and metal-semiconductor nanostructures will be studied. The effect of size, surrounding medium, interaction between the particles, composition of the particles, and substrate on LSPR peak position, its line width, and maxima of cross-sections will also be discussed to optimize the selected systems for various applications like plasmonic sensors and biomedical applications and to enhance the efficiency of solar cells. Therefore, by varying all these factors, the LSPR peak of multimetallic and metal-semiconductor nanostructures can be tuned over the entire UV-visible to infrared (IR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Moreover the optical properties of underlying semiconductor materials can be enhanced by combining the semiconductor with noble metal nanoparticles.

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Ali, A., M. A. Ashraf, Q. A. Minhas, Q. A. Naqvi, M. A. Baqir, and P. K. Choudhury. "On the Core-Shell Nanoparticle in Fractional Dimensional Space." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 2400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102400.

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The investigation of core-shell nanoparticles has been greatly exciting in biomedical applications, as this remains of prime importance in targeted drug delivery, sensing, etc. In the present work, the polarizability and scattering features of nanoparticles comprised of nano-sized dielectric/metallic core-shell structures were investigated in the fractional dimensional (FD) space, which essentially relates to the confinement of charged particles. For this purpose, three different kinds of metals—namely aluminum, gold and silver—were considered to form the shell, having a common silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticle as the core. It is noteworthy that the use of noble metal-SiO2 mediums interface remains ideal to realize surface plasmon resonance. The core-shell nanoparticles were considered to have dimensions smaller than the operating wavelength. Under such conditions, the analyses of polarizability and the scattering and absorption cross-sections, and also, the extinction coefficients were taken up under Rayleigh scattering mechanism, emphasizing the effects of a varying FD parameter. Apart from these, the tuning of resonance peaks and the magnitude of surface plasmons due to FD space parameter were also analyzed. It was found that the increase of FD space parameter generally results in blue-shifts in the resonance peaks. Apart from this, the usage of gold and silver shells brings in fairly large shifts in the peak positions of wavelengths, which allows them to be more suitable for a biosensing purpose.

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Nagra, Uzair, Maryam Shabbir, Muhammad Zaman, Asif Mahmood, and Kashif Barkat. "Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 40 (November 27, 2020): 5188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200531150218.

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Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.

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Ambardar, Sharad, Dang Nguyen, Grace Binder, Zachary W. Withers, and Dmitri V. Voronine. "Quantum Leap from Gold and Silver to Aluminum Nanoplasmonics for Enhanced Biomedical Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 4210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124210.

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Nanotechnology has been used in many biosensing and medical applications, in the form of noble metal (gold and silver) nanoparticles and nanostructured substrates. However, the translational clinical and industrial applications still need improvements of the efficiency, selectivity, cost, toxicity, reproducibility, and morphological control at the nanoscale level. In this review, we highlight the recent progress that has been made in the replacement of expensive gold and silver metals with the less expensive aluminum. In addition to low cost, other advantages of the aluminum plasmonic nanostructures include a broad spectral range from deep UV to near IR, providing additional signal enhancement and treatment mechanisms. New synergistic treatments of bacterial infections, cancer, and coronaviruses are envisioned. Coupling with gain media and quantum optical effects improve the performance of the aluminum nanostructures beyond gold and silver.

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Shanmuganathan, Rajasree, Indira Karuppusamy, Muthupandian Saravanan, Harshiny Muthukumar, Kumar Ponnuchamy, Vijayan Sri Ramkumar, and Arivalagan Pugazhendhi. "Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications - A Comprehensive Review." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 24 (October 3, 2019): 2650–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190708185506.

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Generally, silver is considered as a noble metal used for treating burn wound infections, open wounds and cuts. However, the emerging nanotechnology has made a remarkable impact by converting metallic silver into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for better applications. The advancement in technology has improved the synthesis of NPs using biological method instead of physical and chemical methods. Nonetheless, synthesizing AgNPs using biological sources is ecofriendly and cost effective. Till date, AgNPs are widely used as antibacterial agents; therefore, a novel idea is needed for the successful use of AgNPs as therapeutic agents to uncertain diseases and infections. In biomedicine, AgNPs possess significant advantages due to their physical and chemical versatility. Indeed, the toxicity concerns regarding AgNPs have created the need for non-toxic and ecofriendly approaches to produce AgNPs. The applications of AgNPs in nanogels, nanosolutions, silver based dressings and coating over medical devices are under progress. Still, an improvised version of AgNPs for extended applications in an ecofriendly manner is the need of the hour. Therefore, the present review emphasizes the synthesis methods, modes of action under dissipative conditions and the various biomedical applications of AgNPs in detail.

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Seco Gudiña, Román, Susana Yáñez Vilar, Manuel González Gómez, Zulema Vargas Osorio, María de la Fuente, Yolanda Piñeiro Redondo, Rafael López, and José Rivas. "Versatile Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Cell Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 2824–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19054.

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Mesoporous silica nanostructures are emerging as a promising platform able to deal with challenges of many different applications in fields such as biomedicine and nanotechnology. The versatile physical and functional properties of these materials like high specific surface area, ordered porosity, chemical stability under temperature and pH variations, and biocompatible performance, offers new approaches to many biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery systems to biosensing, cell applications and tissue engineering. Their morphology, size and textural properties can be easily tailored by means of chemical control, giving rise to a variety of nanostructures with hexagonal (SBA15, MCM41) or cubic (SBA16) arrangement of channels and pore size ranging from 1.3 to 10 nm. Based on the versatility of their silane surface, a plethora of hybrid mesoporous matrices can be prepared incorporating new functionalities like contrast enhancement for magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic/plasmonic hyperthermia, drug delivery or cell applications by the simple grafting of superparamagnetic metal oxides (Fe3O4, transition metal ferrites) nanoparticles, noble metal (Au, Ag) nanoparticles, fluorescent moieties (fluorescein, rhodamine) or biological agents (mAb, mRNA, etc). The goal of this work is to present the development, by a facile soft template method, of size tailored mesoporous silica nanospheres from 20 to 350 nm (by means of chemical control), and highlight its versatility for surface grafting (with rhodamine and polydopamine) and their biological compatibility and efficient uptake by cultured HeLa cells. The combined, physicochemical and biological, properties indicate that MSNs are good candidates for cell tagging, gene transfer or targeted therapies.

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Muddapur, Uday M., Sultan Alshehri, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Mater H. Mahnashi, Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani, Aejaz Abdullatif Khan, S. M. Shakeel Iqubal, et al. "Plant-Based Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Theranostic Applications: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041391.

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Bionanotechnology is a branch of science that has revolutionized modern science and technology. Nanomaterials, especially noble metals, have attracted researchers due to their size and application in different branches of sciences that benefit humanity. Metal nanoparticles can be synthesized using green methods, which are good for the environment, economically viable, and facilitate synthesis. Due to their size and form, gold nanoparticles have become significant. Plant materials are of particular interest in the synthesis and manufacture of theranostic gold nanoparticles (NPs), which have been generated using various materials. On the other hand, chemically produced nanoparticles have several drawbacks in terms of cost, toxicity, and effectiveness. A plant-mediated integration of metallic nanoparticles has been developed in the field of nanotechnology to overcome the drawbacks of traditional synthesis, such as physical and synthetic strategies. Nanomaterials′ tunable features make them sophisticated tools in the biomedical platform, especially for developing new diagnostics and therapeutics for malignancy, neurodegenerative, and other chronic disorders. Therefore, this review outlines the theranostic approach, the different plant materials utilized in theranostic applications, and future directions based on current breakthroughs in these fields.

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Zhang, Zhiyang, Han Wang, Zhaopeng Chen, Xiaoyan Wang, Jaebum Choo, and Lingxin Chen. "Plasmonic colorimetric sensors based on etching and growth of noble metal nanoparticles: Strategies and applications." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 114 (August 2018): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.015.

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Quazi, Mohzibudin Z., Taeyoung Kim, Jinhwan Yang, and Nokyoung Park. "Tuning Plasmonic Properties of Gold Nanoparticles by Employing Nanoscale DNA Hydrogel Scaffolds." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010020.

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Noble metals have always fascinated researchers due to their feasible and facile approach to plasmonics. Especially the extensive utilization of gold (Au) has been found in biomedical engineering, microelectronics, and catalysis. Surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) sensors are achievable by employing plasmonic nanoparticles. The past decades have seen colossal advancement in noble metal nanoparticle research. Surface plasmonic biosensors are advanced in terms of sensing accuracy and detection limit. Likewise, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used to develop distinct biosensors for molecular diagnosis. DNA nanotechnology facilitates advanced nanostructure having unique properties that contribute vastly to clinical therapeutics. The critical element for absolute control of materials at the nanoscale is the engineering of optical and plasmonic characteristics of the polymeric and metallic nanostructure. Correspondingly, AuNP’s vivid intense color expressions are dependent on their size, shape, and compositions, which implies their strong influence on tuning the plasmonic properties. These plasmonic properties of AuNPs have vastly exerted the biosensing and molecular diagnosis applications without any hazardous effects. Here, we have designed nanoscale X-DNA-based Dgel scaffolds utilized for tuning the plasmonic properties of AuNPs. The DNA nanohydrogel (Dgel) scaffolds engineered with three different X-DNAs of distinct numbers of base pairs were applied. We have designed X-DNA base pair-controlled size-varied Dgel scaffolds and molar ratio-based nano assemblies to tune the plasmonic properties of AuNPs. The nanoscale DNA hydrogel’s negatively charged scaffold facilitates quaternary ammonium ligand-modified positively charged AuNPs to flocculate around due to electrostatic charge attractions. Overall, our study demonstrates that by altering the DNA hydrogel scaffolds and the physical properties of the nanoscale hydrogel matrix, the SPR properties can be modulated. This approach could potentially benefit in monitoring diverse therapeutic biomolecules.

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Alwhibi, Mona S., Dina A. Soliman, Manal A. Awad, Asma B. Alangery, Horiah Al Dehaish, and Yasmeen A. Alwasel. "Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Characterization and its potential biomedical applications." Green Processing and Synthesis 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2021-0039.

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Abstract In recent times, research on the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) has developed rapidly and attracted considerable attention. The use of plant extracts is the preferred mode for the biological synthesis of NPs due to the presence of biologically active constituents. Aloe vera is a plant endowed with therapeutic benefits especially in skincare due to its unique curative properties. The present study focused on an environmental friendly and rapid method of phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using A. vera gel extract as a reductant. The synthesized Ag-NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). TEM micrographs showed spherical-shaped synthesized Ag-NPs with a diameter of 50–100 nm. The UV-Vis spectrum displayed a broad absorption peak of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 450 nm. The mean size and size distribution of the formed Ag-NPs were investigated using the DLS technique. Antibacterial studies revealed zones of inhibition by Ag-NPs of A. vera (9 and 7 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, respectively. Furthermore, the antifungal activity was screened, based on the diameter of the growth inhibition zone using the synthesized Ag-NPs for different fungal strains. Anticancer activity of the synthesized Ag-NPs against the mouse melanoma F10B16 cell line revealed 100% inhibition with Ag-NPs at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1. The phytosynthesized Ag-NPs demonstrated a marked antimicrobial activity and also exhibited a potent cytotoxic effect against mouse melanoma F10B16 cells. The key findings of this study indicate that synthesized Ag-NPs exhibit profound therapeutic activity and could be potentially ideal alternatives in medicinal applications.

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Ali, Faisal, Muhammad Hamza, Munawar Iqbal, Beriham Basha, Norah Alwadai, and Arif Nazir. "State-of-art of silver and gold nanoparticles synthesis routes, characterization and applications: a review." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 236, no. 3 (October 19, 2021): 291–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2021-3084.

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Abstract To date, the noble metal-based nanoparticles have been used in every field of life. The Au and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been fabricated employing different techniques to tune the properties. In this study, the methodologies developed and adopted for the fabrication of Au and Ag have been discussed, which include physical, chemical and biological routes. The Au and Ag characteristics (morphology, size, shape) along with advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The Au and Ag NPs catalytic and biomedical applications are discussed. For the Ag and Au NPs characterization, SEM (scanning electron microscope), TEM (transmission electron microscope), FTIR (Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy), XRD (X-rays diffraction) and DLS (dynamic light scattering) techniques are employed. The properties of Au and Ag NPs found dependent to synthesis approach, i.e., the size, shape and morphologies, which showed a promising Catalytic, drug delivery and antimicrobial agent applications. The review is a comprehensive study for the comparison of Au and Ag NPs synthesis, properties and applications in different fields.

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Ju-Nam, Yon, Wanisa Abdussalam-Mohammed, and Jesus J. Ojeda. "Highly stable noble metal nanoparticles dispersible in biocompatible solvents: synthesis of cationic phosphonium gold nanoparticles in water and DMSO." Faraday Discussions 186 (2016): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fd00131e.

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In this work, we report the synthesis of novel cationic phosphonium gold nanoparticles dispersible in water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for their potential use in biomedical applications. All the cationic-functionalising ligands currently reported in the literature are ammonium-based species. Here, the synthesis and characterisation of an alternative system, based on phosphonioalkylthiosulfate zwitterions and phosphonioalkylthioacetate were carried out. We have also demonstrated that our phosphonioalkylthiosulfate zwitterions readily disproportionate into phosphonioalkylthiolates in situ during the synthesis of gold nanoparticles produced by the borohydride reduction of gold(iii) salts. The synthesis of the cationic gold nanoparticles using these phosphonium ligands was carried out in water and DMSO. UV-visible spectroscopic and TEM studies have shown that the phosphonioalkylthiolates bind to the surface of gold nanoparticles which are typically around 10 nm in diameter. The resulting cationic-functionalised gold nanoparticles are dispersible in aqueous media and in DMSO, which is the only organic solvent approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for drug carrier tests. This indicates their potential future use in biological applications. This work shows the synthesis of a new family of phosphonium-based ligands, which behave as cationic masked thiolate ligands in the functionalisation of gold nanoparticles. These highly stable colloidal cationic phosphonium gold nanoparticles dispersed in water and DMSO can offer a great opportunity for the design of novel biorecognition and drug delivery systems.

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Paluch, Emil, Paulina Sobierajska, Piotr Okińczyc, Jarosław Widelski, Anna Duda-Madej, Barbara Krzyżanowska, Paweł Krzyżek, et al. "Nanoapatites Doped and Co-Doped with Noble Metal Ions as Modern Antibiofilm Materials for Biomedical Applications against Drug-Resistant Clinical Strains of Enterococcus faecalis VRE and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031533.

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The main aim of our research was to investigate antiadhesive and antibiofilm properties of nanocrystalline apatites doped and co-doped with noble metal ions (Ag+, Au+, and Pd2+) against selected drug-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The materials with the structure of apatite (hydroxyapatite, nHAp; hydroxy-chlor-apatites, OH-Cl-Ap) containing 1 mol% and 2 mol% of dopants and co-dopants were successfully obtained by the wet chemistry method. The majority of them contained an additional phase of metallic nanoparticles, in particular, AuNPs and PdNPs, which was confirmed by the XRPD, FTIR, UV–Vis, and SEM–EDS techniques. Extensive microbiological tests of the nanoapatites were carried out determining their MIC, MBC value, and FICI. The antiadhesive and antibiofilm properties of the tested nanoapatites were determined in detail with the use of fluorescence microscopy and computer image analysis. The results showed that almost all tested nanoapatites strongly inhibit adhesion and biofilm production of the tested bacterial strains. Biomaterials have not shown any significant cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts and even increased their survival when co-incubated with bacterial biofilms. Performed analyses confirmed that the nanoapatites doped and co-doped with noble metal ions are safe and excellent antiadhesive and antibiofilm biomaterials with potential use in the future in medical sectors.

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De Matteis, Valeria, and Loris Rizzello. "Noble Metals and Soft Bio-Inspired Nanoparticles in Retinal Diseases Treatment: A Perspective." Cells 9, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9030679.

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We are witnessing an exponential increase in the use of different nanomaterials in a plethora of biomedical fields. We are all aware of how nanoparticles (NPs) have influenced and revolutionized the way we supply drugs or how to use them as therapeutic agents thanks to their tunable physico-chemical properties. However, there is still a niche of applications where NP have not yet been widely explored. This is the field of ocular delivery and NP-based therapy, which characterizes the topic of the current review. In particular, many efforts are being made to develop nanosystems capable of reaching deeper sections of the eye such as the retina. Particular attention will be given here to noble metal (gold and silver), and to polymeric nanoparticles, systems consisting of lipid bilayers such as liposomes or vesicles based on nonionic surfactant. We will report here the most relevant literature on the use of different types of NPs for an efficient delivery of drugs and bio-macromolecules to the eyes or as active therapeutic tools.

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Femina, F., H. Asia Thabassoom, and J. Felicita Florence. "Photocatalytic Reduction of Methyl Orange, Antibacterial and Antibreast Cancer Activities of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle Synthesized from Beta vulgaris Extract." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 12 (2021): 2993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23414.

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Studies based on a biogenic synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials has become a promising one in today’s biomedical approach in therapy and diagnosis due to multidimensional applications. Hence, the present study is to explore the antibacterial, antibreast cancer and photocatalytic efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from an extract of Beta vulgaris (BV). The band at 398 nm in the UV-visible spectra confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The characteristic shift in OH and C=O peak after the formation of silver nanoparticles shows the participation of Beta vulgaris extracts in the reduction process which is further supported by from SEM morphology. The average size of the particle (17 nm) was determined from XRD analysis using Scherrer’s equation. Antibacterial results of Beta vulgaris mediated BV-AgNPs show the maximum zone of inhibition against Candida albicans. On anticancer activity, BV-AgNPs reveals the toxicity effect on the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 value of 40.65 μg/mL. Similarly, it reduces 81.3% of methyl orange at 180 min on the photocatalytic reduction process. This study has suggested an effective replacement for the hazardous chemical methods and leads to a cost-effective, environmentally-friendly method that can also be used as antibacterial and anticancer agents.

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Kamiński, Michał, Karolina Jurkiewicz, Andrzej Burian, and Aleksander Bródka. "The structure of gold nanoparticles: molecular dynamics modeling and its verification by X-ray diffraction." Journal of Applied Crystallography 53, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576719014511.

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Noble metal nanoparticles exhibit unique physical, chemical, biomedical, catalytic and optical properties. Understanding these properties and further development of production methods entail detailed knowledge of the structure at the atomic scale. Gold nanoparticles with multimodal size distribution were synthesized on porous silica and their atomic scale structure was studied by X-ray diffraction. The obtained experimental data are compared with molecular dynamics simulations. Spherical models of the Au nanoparticles, defined by ensembles of the Cartesian coordinates of constituent atoms, were generated and their geometry was optimized by applying the LAMMPS software. The comparison was performed in both reciprocal and real space. A good agreement is achieved for the models with disorder that can be related to surface relaxation effects and vacancy defects. The approach adopted here may have wider applications for further structural studies of other nanomaterials, offering direct verification of simulation results by experiment.

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Berta, Lavinia, Năstaca-Alina Coman, Aura Rusu, and Corneliu Tanase. "A Review on Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Bimetallic Nanoparticles, Characterisation and Their Biological Applications." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 7677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247677.

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The study of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) has constantly been expanding, especially in the last decade. The biosynthesis of BNPs mediated by natural extracts is simple, low-cost, and safe for the environment. Plant extracts contain phenolic compounds that act as reducing agents (flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and alkaloids) and stabilising ligands moieties (carbonyl, carboxyl, and amine groups), useful in the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), and are free of toxic by-products. Noble bimetallic NPs (containing silver, gold, platinum, and palladium) have potential for biomedical applications due to their safety, stability in the biological environment, and low toxicity. They substantially impact human health (applications in medicine and pharmacy) due to the proven biological effects (catalytic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and regenerative activity). To the best of our knowledge, there are no review papers in the literature on the synthesis and characterisation of plant-mediated BNPs and their pharmacological potential. Thus, an effort has been made to provide a clear perspective on the synthesis of BNPs and the antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and size/shape-dependent applications of BNPs. Furthermore, we discussed the factors that influence BNPs biosyntheses such as pH, temperature, time, metal ion concentration, and plant extract.

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Rosaline, Vimala J., S. Vimala, Bharathy M. Stella, A. Agila, and Sheela S. Margrat. "Rutin Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles derived from Melia dubia and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, no. 7 (June 15, 2023): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2707rjce045049.

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Researches based on bio inspired synthesis of noble metal nano materials has become a promising one in today’s biomedical approach in therapy and diagnosis due to multidimensional applications. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles were reported to have several medicinal applications. Hence the present study was to explore the antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from rutin isolated from the methanolic extract of leaves of Melia dubia. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD and SEM techniques. The band at 398.5nm in the UV-Visible spectra confirmed the formation of AgNPs. The characteristic shift in OH and C=O peak after the formation of silver nano particles shows the participation of biomaterial (Rutin) in the reduction process which is further supported by SEM report. The average size of the particle (19 nm) was determined from XRD analysis using the Scherrer’s equation. The antimicrobial and antioxidant efficacy of harvested nanoparticles were compared for their potential with rutin and silver salt. The synthesized material was shown to have good antimicrobial activity towards the tested bacteria and fungi and potentially active towards free radicals. Thus, the silver nanoparticles (AgNps) synthesized using bio-flavanoid viz. rutin are potentially good and therefore can be further studied for pharmacological activities.

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Vikulina, Anna S., Inna Y. Stetsyura, M. Serdar Onses, Erkan Yilmaz, Andre G. Skirtach, and Dmitry Volodkin. "Mesoporous One-Component Gold Microshells as 3D SERS Substrates." Biosensors 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11100380.

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful analytical tool for label-free analysis that has found a broad spectrum of applications in material, chemical, and biomedical sciences. In recent years, a great interest has been witnessed in the rational design of SERS substrates to amplify Raman signals and optionally allow for the selective detection of analytes, which is especially essential and challenging for biomedical applications. In this study, hard templating of noble metals is proposed as a novel approach for the design of one-component tailor-made SERS platforms. Porous Au microparticles were fabricated via dual ex situ adsorption of Au nanoparticles and in situ reduction of HAuCl4 on mesoporous sacrificial microcrystals of vaterite CaCO3. Elimination of the microcrystals at mild conditions resulted in the formation of stable mesoporous one-component Au microshells. SERS performance of the microshells at very low 0.4 µW laser power was probed using rhodamine B and bovine serum albumin showing enhancement factors of 2 × 108 and 8 × 108, respectively. The proposed strategy opens broad avenues for the design and scalable fabrication of one-component porous metal particles that can serve as superior SERS platforms possessing both excellent plasmonic properties and the possibility of selective inclusion of analyte molecules and/or SERS nanotags for highly specific SERS analysis.

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Rehman, Khalil ur, Mostafa Gouda, Umber Zaman, Kamran Tahir, Shahid Ullah Khan, Sumbul Saeed, Ebtihal Khojah, et al. "Optimization of Platinum Nanoparticles (PtNPs) Synthesis by Acid Phosphatase Mediated Eco-Benign Combined with Photocatalytic and Bioactivity Assessments." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071079.

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Noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) are viable alternative green sources compared to the chemical available methods in several approach like Food, medical, biotechnology, and textile industries. The biological synthesis of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), as a strong photocatalytic agent, has proved as more effective and safer method. In this study, PtNPs were synthesized at four different temperatures (25 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C, and 100 °C). PtNPs synthesized at 100 °C were smaller and exhibited spherical morphology with a high degree of dispersion. A series of physicochemical characterizations were applied to investigate the synthesis, particle size, crystalline nature, and surface morphology of PtNPs. The biosynthesized PtNPs were tested for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiations. The results showed that PtNPs exhibited remarkable photocatalytic activity by degrading 98% of MB only in 40 min. The acid phosphatase mediated PtNPs showed strong bacterial inhibition efficiency against S. aureus and E. coli. Furthermore, it showed high antioxidant activity (88%) against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH). In conclusion, this study provided an overview of the applications of PtNPs in food chemistry, biotechnology, and textile industries for the deterioration of the natural and synthetic dyes and its potential application in the suppression of pathogenic microbes of the biological systems. Thus, it could be used as a novel approach in the food microbiology, biomedical and environmental applications.

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Kozenkova, Elena, Kateryna Levada, Maria V. Efremova, Alexander Omelyanchik, Yulia A. Nalench, Anastasiia S. Garanina, Stanislav Pshenichnikov, et al. "Multifunctional Fe3O4-Au Nanoparticles for the MRI Diagnosis and Potential Treatment of Liver Cancer." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091646.

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Heterodimeric nanoparticles comprising materials with different functionalities are of great interest for fundamental research and biomedical/industrial applications. In this work, Fe3O4-Au nano-heterostructures were synthesized by a one-step thermal decomposition method. The hybrid nanoparticles comprise a highly crystalline 12 nm magnetite octahedron decorated with a single noble metal sphere of 6 nm diameter. Detailed analysis of the nanoparticles was performed by UV-visible spectroscopy, magnetometry, calorimetry and relaxometry studies. The cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles in the human hepatic cell line Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5-Alexander was also assessed. These Fe3O4-Au bifunctional nanoparticles showed no significant cytotoxicity in these two cell lines. The nanoparticles showed a good theranostic potential for liver cancer treatment, since the r2 relaxivity (166.5 mM−1·s−1 and 99.5 mM−1·s−1 in water and HepG2 cells, respectively) is higher than the corresponding values for commercial T2 contrast agents and the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value obtained (227 W/gFe) is enough to make them suitable as heat mediators for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia. The gold counterpart can further allow the conjugation with different biomolecules and the optical sensing.

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Pelinescu, Diana, Mihai Anastasescu, Veronica Bratan, Valentin-Adrian Maraloiu, Catalin Negrila, Daiana Mitrea, Jose Calderon-Moreno, et al. "Antibacterial Activity of PVA Hydrogels Embedding Oxide Nanostructures Sensitized by Noble Metals and Ruthenium Dye." Gels 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2023): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9080650.

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Nanostructured oxides (SiO2, TiO2) were synthesized using the sol–gel method and modified with noble metal nanoparticles (Pt, Au) and ruthenium dye to enhance light harvesting and promote the photogeneration of reactive oxygen species, namely singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radical (•OH). The resulting nanostructures were embedded in a transparent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel. Morphological and structural characterization of the bare and modified oxides was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally, electrokinetic potential measurements were conducted. Crystallinity data and elemental analysis of the investigated systems were obtained through X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analyses, while the chemical state of the elements was determined using XPS. The engineered materials, both as simple powders and embedded in the hydrogel, were evaluated for their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible and simulated solar light irradiation to establish a correlation with their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) by the samples under visible light exposure can be of significant importance for their potential use in biomedical applications.

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Khan, Zia Ul Haq, Amjad Khan, Yongmei Chen, Noor S. Shah, Nawshad Muhammad, Arif Ullah Khan, Kamran Tahir, et al. "Biomedical applications of green synthesized Nobel metal nanoparticles." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 173 (August 2017): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.034.

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Bhatti, Adeel Liaquat, Umair Aftab, Aneela Tahira, Muhammad Ishaq Abro, Riaz Hussain Mari, Muhammad Kashif Samoon, Muhammad Hassan Aghem, Nek Muhammad Shaikh, Abdul Qayoom Mugheri, and Zafar Hussain Ibupoto. "An Efficient and Functional Fe3O4/Co3O4 Composite for Oxygen Evolution Reaction." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 2675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19098.

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The design of efficient, stable, durable and noble metal free electro catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are of immediate need, but very challenging task. In this study, iron induction into cobalt oxide (Co3O4) has resulted composite structure by wet chemical method. The iron impurity has brought an electronic disorder into Fe3O4/cobalt oxide composite thereby efficient oxygen evolution reaction is demonstrated. An addition of iron content into composite resulted the alternation of morphology from Nano rods to clusters of nanoparticles. The successive addition of iron into composite system reduced the onset potential of OER as compared to the pristine cobalt oxide. A Tafel slope of 80 mVdec-1 indicates the favorable oxygen evolution reaction kinetics on the sample 4. An over-potential of 370 mV is required to reach a 10 mAcm-2 current density which is acceptable for a nonprecious catalyst. The catalyst is highly durable and stable for 30 hours. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further provided a deeper insight on charge transfer resistance and sample 4 has low charge transfer resistance that supported the OER polarization curves. The sample 4 has more electrochemical active surface area of 393.5 cm2. These obtained results are exciting and highlighting the importance of composite structure and leave a huge space for the future investigations on composite materials for energy related applications.

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Kiani, Mahsa, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Reyhaneh Kaveh, Navid Rabiee, Yousef Fatahi, Rassoul Dinarvand, Ho Won Jang, Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr, and Rajender S. Varma. "Novel Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/Chitosan Nanocomposite with Enhanced Photocatalytic and Biological Activities." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): 2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112320.

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Decorating photocatalysts with noble metal nanoparticles (e.g., Pt) often increases the catalysts’ photocatalytic activity and biomedical properties. Here, a simple and inexpensive method has been developed to prepare a Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan composite, which was characterized and used for the visible light-induced photocatalytic and antibacterial studies. This synthesized composite showed superior photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation as a hazardous pollutant (the maximum dye degradation was observed in 90 min of treatment) and killing of Gram positive bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) as well as Gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) under visible light irradiation. The antibacterial activity of CdS, CdS/Ag3PO4, and Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus showed the zone of inhibition (mm) under visible light and under dark conditions at a concentration of 20 µg mL−1. Furthermore, the cell viability of the CdS/chitosan, Ag3PO4, Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan, and Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan were investigated on the human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK-293), Henrietta Lacks (HeLa), human liver cancer cell line (HepG2), and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell lines. In addition, the results indicated that the photodegradation rate for Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan is 3.53 times higher than that of CdS and 1.73 times higher than that of the CdS/Ag3PO4 composite. Moreover, Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan with an optimal amount of CdS killed large areas of different bacteria and different cells separately in a shorter time period under visible-light irradiation, which shows significantly higher efficiency than pure CdS and other CdS/Ag3PO4 composites. The superb performances of this composite are attributed to its privileged properties, such as retarded recombination of photoinduced electron/hole pairs and a large specific surface area, making Pt-Ag3PO4/CdS/chitosan a valuable composite that can be deployed for a range of important applications, such as visible light-induced photocatalysis and antibacterial activity.

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Roca, Maryuri, and Amanda J. Haes. "Probing cells with noble metal nanoparticle aggregates." Nanomedicine 3, no. 4 (August 2008): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17435889.3.4.555.

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Zhang, Junyu, and Zhao Wang. "Nanoparticle–Hydrogel Based Sensors: Synthesis and Applications." Catalysts 12, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101096.

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Hydrogels are hydrophilic three-dimensional (3D) porous polymer networks that can easily stabilize various nanoparticles. Loading noble metal nanoparticles into a 3D network of hydrogels can enhance the synergy of the components. It can also be modified to prepare intelligent materials that can recognize external stimuli. The combination of noble metal nanoparticles and hydrogels to produce modified or new composite materials has attracted considerable attention as to the use of these materials in sensors. However, there is limited review literature on nanoparticle–hydrogel-based sensors. This paper presents the detailed strategies of synthesis and design of the composites, and the latest applications of nanoparticle–hydrogel materials in the sensing field. Finally, the current challenges and future development directions of nanoparticle–hydrogel-based sensors are proposed.

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Hayashi, Yamato, Masahiro Inoue, Ichitito Narita, Katsuaki Suganuma, and Hirotsugu Takizawa. "Eco-Fabrication of Metal Nanoparticle Related Materials by Home Electric Appliances." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.185.

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Applications of various noble metal nanoparticles were investigated for newly, ecology and economy home electric appliances (microwave, ultrasonic) used system. Noble metal oxides have merit in metal particles fabrication, as one of these example example, there are decomposed by only heating in air. That is, noble metal oxide don't use strong reduction atmosphere. This reduction is ecologically clean, because many noble metal oxides are not toxic and during decomposition O2 is evolved. We have reduced noble metal oxides by microwave and ultrasound, and tried to fabricate noble metal nanoparticles, and investigated various processing. These energy are widely used by home electric appliances. By choosing suitable process and conditions, it is reasonable to expect that home electric appliances ecology and economy fabrications can be extended to obtain simply various noble metal nanoparticles related materials.

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Li, Guodong, and Zhiyong Tang. "Noble metal nanoparticle@metal oxide core/yolk–shell nanostructures as catalysts: recent progress and perspective." Nanoscale 6, no. 8 (2014): 3995–4011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3nr06787d.

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Ling, Yang, Tiantian Cao, Libin Liu, Jingli Xu, Jing Zheng, Jiaxing Li, and Min Zhang. "Fabrication of noble metal nanoparticles decorated on one dimensional hierarchical polypyrrole@MoS2 microtubes." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 34 (2020): 7801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb01387k.

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Herein, we present a facile strategy to fabricate noble metal (Ag, Au, Pd) decorated on PPy@MoS₂ microtubes. As a proof of application, the ternary PPy@MoS₂@Au hybrids reveal excellent enzyme-like catalytic performance.

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Vázquez-Arias, Alba, Jorge Pérez-Juste, Isabel Pastoriza-Santos, and Gustavo Bodelon. "Prospects and applications of synergistic noble metal nanoparticle-bacterial hybrid systems." Nanoscale 13, no. 43 (2021): 18054–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr04961e.

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Kolmakov, Andrei, Xihong Chen, and Martin Moskovits. "Functionalizing Nanowires with Catalytic Nanoparticles for Gas Sensing Application." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.n10.

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Metal oxide semiconducting nanowires are among the most promising materials systems for use as conductometric gas sensors. These systems function by converting surface chemical processes, often catalytic processes, into observable conductance variations in the nanowire. The surface properties, and hence the sensing properties of these devices can be altered dramatically improving the sensitivity and selectivity, by the deposition of catalytic metal nanoparticles on the nanowire's surface. This leads not only to promising sensor strategies but to a route for understanding some of the fundamental science occurring on these nanoparticles and at the metal/nanowire junction. In particular studying these systems can lead to a better understanding of the influence of the catalyst particle on the electronic structure of the nanowire and its electron transport. This report surveys results obtained so far in this area. In particular, the comparative sensing performance of single quasi-1D chemiresistors (i.e., nanowires or nanobelts) before and after surface decoration with noble metal catalyst particles show significant improvement in sensitivity toward oxidizing and reducing gases. Moreover, one finds that the sensing mechanism can depend dramatically on the degree of metal coverage of the nanowire.

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Davidson, Malcolm, Yazhou Ji, G. Jeremy Leong, Nolan C. Kovach, Brian G. Trewyn, and Ryan M. Richards. "Hybrid Mesoporous Silica/Noble-Metal Nanoparticle Materials—Synthesis and Catalytic Applications." ACS Applied Nano Materials 1, no. 9 (August 30, 2018): 4386–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.8b00967.

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Zhang, YuJuan, Rao Huang, XianFang Zhu, LianZhou Wang, and ChenXu Wu. "Synthesis, properties, and optical applications of noble metal nanoparticle-biomolecule conjugates." Chinese Science Bulletin 57, no. 2-3 (January 2012): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-011-4747-x.

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Nilghaz, Azadeh, Seyed Mahdi Mousavi, Junfei Tian, Rong Cao, Rosanne M. Guijt, and Xungai Wang. "Noble-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Diagnostic Assays for Point-of-Need Applications." ACS Applied Nano Materials 4, no. 12 (November 19, 2021): 12808–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.1c01545.

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Malekzad, Hedieh, Parham Sahandi Zangabad, Hamed Mirshekari, Mahdi Karimi, and Michael R. Hamblin. "Noble metal nanoparticles in biosensors: recent studies and applications." Nanotechnology Reviews 6, no. 3 (June 27, 2017): 301–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2016-0014.

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AbstractThe aim of this review is to cover advances in noble metal nanoparticle (MNP)-based biosensors and to outline the principles and main functions of MNPs in different classes of biosensors according to the transduction methods employed. The important biorecognition elements are enzymes, antibodies, aptamers, DNA sequences, and whole cells. The main readouts are electrochemical (amperometric and voltametric), optical (surface plasmon resonance, colorimetric, chemiluminescence, photoelectrochemical, etc.) and piezoelectric. MNPs have received attention for applications in biosensing due to their fascinating properties. These properties include a large surface area that enhances biorecognizers and receptor immobilization, good ability for reaction catalysis and electron transfer, and good biocompatibility. MNPs can be used alone and in combination with other classes of nanostructures. MNP-based sensors can lead to significant signal amplification, higher sensitivity, and great improvements in the detection and quantification of biomolecules and different ions. Some recent examples of biomolecular sensors using MNPs are given, and the effects of structure, shape, and other physical properties of noble MNPs and nanohybrids in biosensor performance are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Noble Metal Nanoparticle - Biomedical Applications'

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