Relevant bibliographies by topics / NO and SO2 elimination

Academic literature on the topic 'NO and SO2 elimination'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "NO and SO2 elimination"

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Cui, Yin, Yiyong Zhao, Junjie Shen, Guofu Zhang, and Chengrong Ding. "The stable “F–SO2+” donor provides a mild and efficient approach to nitriles and amides." RSC Advances 12, no. 51 (2022): 33064–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra05890a.

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In this update, we developed a mild, efficient and practical method using stable “F–SO2+” donor A as an environment friendly promoter for conversion of oximes to nitriles or amides via β-elimination or Beckmann rearrangement in excellent yields.
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Xiang, Zhang. "Mechanism of SO2 elimination from the aromatic sulfonamide anions: A theoretical study." Computational and Theoretical Chemistry 991 (July 2012): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2012.03.023.

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Liu, Guofu, Wenjie Zhang, Pengfei He, Shipian Guan, Bing Yuan, Rui Li, Yu Sun, and Dekui Shen. "H2O and/or SO2 Tolerance of Cu-Mn/SAPO-34 Catalyst for NO Reduction with NH3 at Low Temperature." Catalysts 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9030289.

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A series of molecular sieve catalysts (Cu–Mn/SAPO-34) with different loadings of Cu and Mn components were prepared by the impregnation method. The deNOx activity of the catalyst was investigated during the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 in the temperature range of 120 °C to 330 °C, including the effects of H2O vapors and SO2. In order to understand the poisoning mechanism by the injection of H2O and/or SO2 into the feeding gas, the characteristics of the fresh and spent catalyst were identified by means of Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Thermal Gravity- Differential Thermal Gravity (TG-DTG). The conversion of NO by the catalyst can achieve at 72% under the reaction temperature of 120 °C, while the value reached more than 90% under the temperature between 180 °C and 330 °C. The deNOx activity test shows that the H2O has a reversible negative effect on NO conversion, which is mainly due to the competitive adsorption of H2O and NH3 on Lewis acid sites. When the reaction temperature increases to 300 °C, the poisoning effect of H2O can be negligible. The poisoning effect of SO2 on deNOx activity is dependent on the reaction temperature. At low temperature, the poisoning effect of SO2 is permanent with no recovery of deNOx activity after the elimination of SO2. The formation of (NH4)2SO4, which results in the plug of active sites and a decrease of surface area, and the competitive adsorption of SO2 and NO should be responsible for the loss of deNOx activity over Cu/SAPO-34.
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Sun, Mingjiang, Wenning Dai, and David Q. Liu. "Fragmentation of aromatic sulfonamides in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: elimination of SO2 via rearrangement." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 43, no. 3 (2008): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1335.

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Shirmohammadi-Bahadoran, Mohammad Mehdi, Majid Montazer, Mehdi Kamali Dolatabadi, and Abbas Bahador. "Bacteria Elimination and SO2 Filtration Using Spacer Fabric Loaded With Natural Zeolite-Nanosilver Composites." CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 46, no. 9 (August 19, 2018): 1700240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201700240.

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Sun, Qiu, Ling He, Jiaxin Cheng, Ze Yang, Yuansheng Li, and Yulan Xi. "Synthesis of Isoxazolines and Isoxazoles via Metal-Free Desulfitative Cyclization." Synthesis 50, no. 12 (May 14, 2018): 2385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1609480.

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A novel, one-pot reaction for the synthesis of isoxazolines and isoxazoles is developed via a cascade process under metal-free conditions. The approach involves the formation of intramolecular C–N and C–O bonds and intermolecular C–C bonds from aromatic alkenes or alkynes and N-hydroxysulfonamides using hypervalent iodine(VII) and iodine as the oxidant. Activation of C–H and C–C bonds/construction of C–O bonds/elimination of SO2/C–N bond formation is achieved in sequence­ in the reaction system.
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Yamaguchi, K., M. Mori, A. Kawai, K. Asano, T. Takasugi, A. Umeda, T. Kawashiro, and T. Yokoyama. "Effects of pH and SO2 on solubility coefficients of inert gases in human whole blood." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.2.643.

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We systematically investigated the quantitative importance of pH and O2 saturation (SO2) of hemoglobin on the solubility coefficients (alpha) for six inert gases: sulfur hexafluoride, N2, ethane, cyclopropane, halothane, and diethyl ether. Measurements of alpha were made at 37 degrees C with SO2 of 0–1.0 and pH of 7.2–7.7 by use of whole blood obtained from three healthy subjects. No significant dependence of alpha on pH was demonstrated for sulfur hexafluoride, N2, halothane, or diethyl ether, but an appreciable augmentation of alpha with increasing pH was found for ethane and cyclopropane. No alpha value obtained for oxygenated blood differed statistically from that for deoxygenated blood. In addition to the basic findings on the effects of pH on alpha values of ethane and cyclopropane with the multiple inert gas elimination technique (data obtained from 22 patients with either interstitial pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), we also found that dependence of alpha on blood pH exerted no significant influence on the recovery of ventilation-perfusion distribution in the lung. We concluded that: 1) pH plays an appreciable role in determining gas solubilities in blood, 2) SO2 is not a decisive factor for gas solubilities in blood, and 3) the influence of various pH values in pulmonary capillaries on inert gas exchange is negligible.
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Aitken, R. Alan, Clémence Hauduc, M. Selim Hossain, Emily McHale, Adrian L. Schwan, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, and Colin A. Stewart. "Unexpected Pyrolytic Behaviour of Substituted Benzo[c]thiopyran and Thieno[2,3-c]thiopyran S,S-dioxides." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 9 (2014): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14155.

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Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) of benzo[c]thiopyran S,S-dioxide (1) results in formation of indene and 2-vinylbenzaldehyde as previously described. A range of eight analogues with various substitution patterns are found to behave differently. In general, there is no extrusion of SO2 to give products analogous to indene, but unsaturated carbonyl products analogous to 2-vinylbenzaldehyde are formed in most cases by way of ring expansion to a 7-membered ring sultine, extrusion of SO, and intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer. Other processes observed include formation of anthracene via an isomeric 7-membered sultine with loss of SO, CO and methane or butane, and formation of 4-ethylidene-4,5-dihydrocyclobuta[b]thiophenes by way of SO loss, a radical rearrangement, and extrusion of acetone. The analogues with a halogen substituent at position 8 on the benzene ring require a higher temperature to react and give naphthalene resulting from net elimination of HX and SO2. The X-ray crystal structure of 1 is also reported.
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Hernández-Alonso, María D., Silvia Suárez, Fernando Fresno, Juan M. Coronado, and Benigno Sánchez. "Simultaneous Photocatalytic Abatement of NO and SO2: Influence of the TiO2 Nature and Mechanistic Insights." Journal of Photocatalysis 2, no. 2 (July 29, 2021): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2665976x02666210303124330.

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Background: TiO2 is currently being incorporated into several construction materials, such as cement and asphalt because this photocatalyst can act as a passive system to reduce the concentration of typical urban pollutants like NOx and SO2 under solar illumination. Objective: In order to get further insights on the possible influence of the interaction between common pollutants, the present work investigates the mechanism of NOx photo-oxidation in the presence of SO2 traces over TiO2 samples of different textural and morphological characteristics. Methods: The performance for the photo-oxidation of NOx and SO2 in a dry air stream over TiO2 samples, both commercial and lab-prepared by hydrothermal and thermal methods, was evaluated by means of FTIR analyses of the gas phase. These materials were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption isotherms, and DR UV-vis spectroscopy. Mechanistic studies were performed by in situ DRIFT under UV irradiation. Results: Photocatalytic tests showed a very efficient removal of the two selected pollutants using most of the TiO2 samples. In the case of SO2, elimination of these molecules is due not only to photocatalytic oxidation but also to a significant extent, to adsorption. Although in shorter periods, no byproducts are generated, following irradiation for several hours, the production of NO2 progressively increases and reaches 100 % selectivity over some photocatalyst. In situ DRIFTS analyses show the evolution of the surface composition and reveal the formation of the different types of surface nitrates with different symmetry. Under these operating conditions, a minor amount of sulfates are also formed. Conclusions: The presence of a low concentration of SO2 does not appear to be detrimental for NO removal. NO2 formation is delayed on the TiO2 samples with high specific surface area, which also tend to be more active. The spectroscopic results confirm the involvement of surface hydroxyls in the formation of adsorbed nitrate species.
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Qian, Hai, Wenhao Lu, Xiaoxing Wei, Wei Chen, and Jun Deng. "H2S and SO2 adsorption on Pt-MoS2 adsorbent for partial discharge elimination: A DFT study." Results in Physics 12 (March 2019): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.11.035.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "NO and SO2 elimination"

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Salem, Ibtissam. "Elimination des NOx issus de sources fixes : réduction par les hydrocarbures en C3 en présence de SO2." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2275.

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Ce travail a consisté à étudier la réduction des NOx par les hydrocarbures en C3 afin d'examiner l'influence du SO2 sur des catalyseurs à base de métaux nobles dans le domaine de température 200- 400°C en présence de CO2, H2O et en excès d'oxygène. L'étude en fonction de la richesse du milieu montre que la conversion des NOx est totale à la stœchiométrie en absence de SO2 et que le catalyseur à base de Pt/ZrAl est le plus résistant au soufre. Les performances de divers métaux (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ag, Ir, Sn) supportés sur différents oxydes (Al, K-Al, Ce-Al, Ti-Al, Zr-Al, Ce-Zr, Si, C) en réduction des NOx par le propène (1000ppm) ont montré que le catalyseur Pt/ZrAl est le plus actif. La pré-sulfatation des catalyseurs augmente généralement leur activité en présence de SO2 et diminue la sélectivité en N2O. Enfin une disparition de NO a été observée en présence de propane et absence de ce réducteur. Ceci est lié à la formation d'acide nitrique via la formation de NO2 et non à la réduction des NOx
In the present work the NOx reduction with C3 hydrocarbons has been examined. The objective is to study the influence of SO2 on metal based catalysts with an oxygen excess in the presence of CO2 and H2O, in a temperature range from 200 to 400 °C. The NOx are totally converted under stoechiometric conditions in the absence of sulfur dioxide and the most sulfur resistant catalyst is Pt/ZrAl. A series of different metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ag, Ir, Sn ) supported on several oxides (Al, , K-Al, Ce-Al, Ti-Al, Zr-Al, Ce-Zr, Si, C) were tested for NOx reduction with 1000 ppm propylene and the Pt/ZrAl was found to be the most active catalyst. The sulfation of the catalysts, generally leads to an increase of their activity in the presence of SO2, and conversely to a decrease of the N2O selectivity. Finally, the NO consumption has been observed in both the presence and the absence of propane. This phenomenon has been associated with the nitric acid formation via NO oxidation and not with NOx reduction
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Chippaux, Jean-Philippe. "La dracunculose en savane arboree au benin. Etudes systematique, epidemiologique et moyens a mettre en oeuvre pour son elimination." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066443.

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Un passage hebdomadaire a ete effectue entre 1985 et 1989, dans quatre villages du centre benin. Il a permis d'etudier la transmission de dracunculus medinensis et d'evaluer les strategies de lutte proposees contre cette helminthiase dermique. Dans les mares villageoises, une transmission prolongee s'effectue en saison seche avec thermocyclops oblongatus et t. Prolatus comme hotes intermediaires. Dans les retenues de barrage, la transmission, assuree en saison seche par t. Emini, est breve. Aucun parametre physico-chimique, en dehors de la temperature, n'a presente de correlation avec les densites d'hotes intermediaires. Toutefois, les milieux aquatiques confines se revelent plus favorables a la transmission. La densite minimale de cyclopides necessaire pour assurer une transmission stable peut etre evaluee a 1 cyclopide par litre. Il ne semble pas qu'il y ait de relation entre la densite de cyclopides et l'incidence. 720 cas de draconculose ont ete examines entre 1985 et 1989. 90% des emergences se situent au niveau des membres inferieurs. Des complications ont ete observees dans 57,5% des cas entrainant une incapacite chez 44,7% des malades. La perte de temps de travail correspond a 7,5% du temps actif. L'entraide villageoise permet de maintenir le niveau des revenus. L'absenteisme scolaire, lie a l'incapacite ou au remplacement des adultes, est eleve. Le cout de la draconculose a ete evalue a 15% des revenus annuels. Les antihelminthiques sont inefficaces. Le temephos est actuellement le seul cyclopicide utilisable pour la lutte antivectorielle. L'approvisionnement en eau potable est essentiel. Toute strategie de lutte doit etre associee a une education pour la sante
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Yan, Yige. "TiO2 photocatalysts prepared via a sol-gel route assisted by P- and F- containing additives : applications to the degradation of MEK and to the elimination of bacteria on surfaces." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF063/document.

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L'objectif de ce travail est de synthétiser des nanomatériaux de TiO2 pour la dégradation des COV et pour l'élimination des bactéries en surface. Tout d'abord, basé sur une synthèse des matériaux de TiO2 avec la présence d’un liquide ionique BmimPF6 par une voie sol-gel modifiée, les rôles de deux éléments constitutifs de BmimPF6 (P et F) ont été étudiés en faisant remplacer BmimPF6 par des additives contenant P et F. Par rapport à la référence P25 et aux matériaux de TiO2 synthétisés sans additif, le TiO2 synthétisé en présence de P a déjà montré une meilleure cristallinité en phase anatase avant la calcination, et une surface spécifique élevée et une petite taille moyenne des cristaux étaient maintenus même après calcination. Ces propriétés étaient similaires aux échantillons TiO2 synthétisés en présence de BmimPF6; Tandis que les cristaux de TiO2 en présence de F ont montré une forme anisotrope pendant le murissement de la synthèse. Les évaluations de l'activité photocatalytique des photocatalyseurs ont ensuite été réalisées. Par rapport au TiO2 synthétisé sans additif et au TiO2 P25, les matériaux de TiO2 à faible teneur en P et F ("PANaF") ont présenté une activité plus élevée sous irradiation UVA à la dégradation d'un COV modèle, Méthyléthylcétone (MEK) en phase gazeuse. Le même matériau a également montré une activité anti-bactérienne en surface plus élevée sous UVA contre plusieurs souches de différentes espèces bactériennes dans liquide par rapport à celles de P25. Une corrélation entre la performance photocatalytique élevée et les propriétés des matériaux pour TiO2 "PANaF" a été finalement proposée. Les influences de la présence de PO43- en bulk ou en surface de TiO2, de la concentration d’O2 dissous dans le milieu et de la topologie de surface des photocatalyseurs sur l'activité photocatalytique éteint également sujets de discussion. Le produit "PANaF" présente un intérêt pour l'élaboration industrielle à cause des réactifs pas cher et son performance élevée
The objective of this work consists in synthesizing TiO2 nanomaterials designed for the degradation of VOCs and for the elimination of bacteria on surface. Firstly, based on a synthesis of a BmimPF6-ionic liquid-derived TiO2 material through a modified sol-gel route, the roles of two constituent elements of BmimPF6 (P and F) have been investigated by replacing BmimPF6 with P- and F- contained additives. Comparing to the reference P25 and additive-free-derived TiO2 materials, P-derived TiO2 showed already well crystallized anatase phase before calcination and a high surface area along with a small mean crystal size even after calcinations. Those properties were similar to that synthesized with the presence of BmimPF6; while F-derived TiO2 crystals showed anisotropic shape during the aging step of the synthesis. Evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts has been performed then. Compared to additive-free derived TiO2 and the TiO2 P25, P- and F- derived TiO2 materials with low P and F content (“PANaF”) showed higher activity under UVA in terms of gas-phase degradation of a model VOC, Methl Ethyl Ketone (MEK). The same material also showed higher surface anti-bacterial activity under UVA in liquid against several strains of different bacterial species over that of P25. A correlation between the high photocatalytic performances with the material properties for “PANaF” TiO2 materials was finally proposed. The influences of the presence of bulk or surface PO43-, dissolved O2 concentration and surface topology on photocatalytic activity were also discussed. The cheap replacement additives used and the resulted high activity of “PANaF” TiO2 nanomaterials presents interest for industrial elaboration
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Ould, Mohamdi El Khalil. "Elimination réduite." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13182.

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La condition pour que n polynomes homogenes en n variables, ayant un zero commun de multiplicites donnees, en admettent un autre est essentiellement l'annulation d'un polynome en leurs coefficients, appele "resultant reduit". L'objet de cette these est d'en faire une etude moderne et d'en etablir les principales proprietes
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Ould, Mohamdi El Khalil. "Elimination réduite." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376172344.

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Anton, Peter, and André Laschewsky. "Polysoaps via alternating olefin/SO2 copolymers." Universität Potsdam, 1991. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1721/.

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Contents: Introduction Results and discussion - Monomers studied - Monomer properties - Polymerization, copolymer composition and general properties - Polymer properties in aqueous solution Conclusion Experimental part - Materials - Copolymerization with S02 (typical procedure) - Methods
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Souza, Ana Carolina Bello de. "Estudo te?rico das rea??es de SN2 em fase gasosa: RCI+OH??ROH+CI? (R = Metil, Etil, n-Propil, i-Propil, n- Butil, s-Butil e t-Butil)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1547.

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In this work, the theoretical study of the gas-phase bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction, CH3Cl + OH- CH3OH + Cl-, is introduced, aiming the description of the potential energy surface, the calculation of rate constants and the investigation of the effect of increasing the side chain (changing the CH3 radical in the reaction cited above by the radicals ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl e t-butyl). The theoretical calculations have been first performed at the MP2/6-31+G(d) level for the geometry optimizations and vibrational frequencies calculations. Single point calculations at the CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d) level have also been performed in order to improve the total energies for the stationary points. However, the relative energies of these stationary points at both MP2 and CCSD(T) level shown close results, so that the single point calculations at the CCSD(T) level have not been proved strictly necessary and have therefore not been performed for all the points along the potential energy surface. The minimum energy path has been described by the intrinsic reaction coordinate method, calculated at the MP2/6-31+G(d) by performing sequential geometry optimizations starting from the saddle point. The calculated enthalpy difference at 298K for the reaction has been determined as -49.5 kcal/mol, in good agreement with the literature value: -50.5 kcal/mol. The calculated rate constant has been obtained as 1.41 x 10-9 cm3.molecule-1.s-1, at 298,15K, in excellent agreement with the experimental data: 1.3 ? 1.6 x 10-9 cm3.molecule-1.s-1.Moreover, the rate constants show non-Arrhenius behavior, decreasing as the temperature increases, which is consistent with the experimental expectation. In this way, the performance of the variational transition state theory for this reaction can be considered satisfactory. By increasing the side chain of the reactant, other reaction channels have been observed: the bimolecular elimination E2 channel and the attack of the nucleophile from the same plane of the exit group (the front-SN2).For these reactions of the alkyl chlorides on n carbon atoms (1 < n ? 4), the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level has been adopted for geometry optimizations and vibrational frequencies. Then, single point calculations at the CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6- 31+G(d,p) level have been performed. A comparison of the reaction channels, back- SN2 and E2, shows that the E2 channel is kinetically favored, whereas the SN2 products are thermodynamically more stable. As expected, high values for the potential height have been observed for the front-SN2, being these channels disfavored in all cases. In general, the energy of the saddle points in respect to the isolated reactants slightly depend upon the size of the side chain.
Este trabalho trata do estudo te?rico das rea??es de substitui??o nucleof?lica de segunda ordem, CH3Cl + OH- CH3OH + Cl-, em fase gasosa, visando estudar a superf?cie de energia potencial, obter as constantes de velocidade e ainda verificando o efeito do aumento da cadeia lateral (trocando o radical CH3 na rea??o descrita acima por radicais etil, n-propil, i-propil, n-butil, s-butil e t-butil). Primeiramente, c?lculos te?ricos para otimiza??es de geometria e frequ?ncia foram realizados em n?vel MP2/6-31+G(d) para a rea??o CH3Cl + OH- CH3OH + Cl- e, em seguida, c?lculos single-point em n?vel CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d) foram realizados para corrigir os valores da energia eletr?nica dos pontos estacion?rios obtidos no caminho de rea??o. Entretanto, os valores obtidos para as energias relativas em n?veis MP2 e CCSD(T) foram muito pr?ximos, n?o sendo estritamente necess?rio refinar,atrav?s de c?lculos single-point em n?vel CCSD(T)/6- 31+G(d),os valores de energia de todos os pontos obtidos na superf?cie de energia potencial. O caminho de rea??o menor energia foi descrito pela coordenada de rea??o intr?nseca, calculada por otimiza??es de geometrias de uma sequ?ncia de configura??es ao redor do ponto de sela em n?vel MP2/6-31+G(d). A diferen?a de entalpia a 298K calculada para a rea??o foi de -49,5 kcal/mol, em bom acordo com o dado da literatura, -50,5 kcal/mol. A constante de velocidade da rea??o obtida foi de 1,41 x 10-9 cm3.mol?cula-1.s-1, a 298,15K, em excelente acordo com o dado experimental: 1,3 ? 1,6 x 10-9 cm3.mol?cula-1.s-1. Al?m disso, as constantes de velocidade globais apresentam comportamento n?o-Arrhenius, diminuindo conforme a temperatura aumenta, em um perfil consistente com a observa??o experimental. Dessa forma, a aplica??o da teoria de estado de transi??o se mostra satisfat?ria para essa rea??o. A partir do aumento da cadeia lateral, outros canais de rea??o foram observados, em prov?vel competi??o ? substitui??o nucleof?lica de ordem 2: a elimina??o de segunda ordem, E2. O ataque do nucle?filo pela frente da cadeia tamb?m foi obtido e investigado. Para as rea??es dos cloretos de alquila com cadeia lateral de n carbonos (1 < n ? 4), o n?vel B3LYP/6- 31+G(d,p) foi adotado para c?lculos de otimiza??es e frequ?ncias. Posteriormente, c?lculos em n?vel CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) foram realizados. Comparando os canais de rea??o de substitui??o nucleof?lica back e de elimina??o, o canal cineticamente favorecido foi o de elimina??o, por?m os produtos termodinamicamente mais est?veis s?o os de substitui??o nucleof?lica. Como esperado, observa-se uma barreira de potencial muito alta para as rea??es substitui??o pela frente, sendo esses canais desfavorecidos em todos os casos.Em geral, a diferen?a de energia dos pontos de sela em rela??o aos reagentes isolados mostra pequena depend?ncia com o aumento da cadeia lateral linear
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Fernández, Gómez Manuel. "Binary Redundancy Elimination." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5985.

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Dos de las limitaciones de rendimiento más importantes en los procesadores de hoy en día provienen de las operaciones de memoria y de las dependencias de control. Para resolver estos problemas, las memorias cache y los predictores de salto son dos alternativas hardware bien conocidas que explotan, entre otros factores, el reuso temporal de memoria y la correlación de saltos. En otras palabras, estas estructuras tratan de explotar la redundancia dinámica existente en los programas. Esta redundancia proviene parcialmente de la forma en que los programadores escriben código, pero también de limitaciones existentes en el modelo de compilación tradicional, lo cual introduce instrucciones de memoria y de salto innecesarias. Pensamos que los compiladores deberían ser muy agresivos optimizando programas, y por tanto ser capaces de eliminar una parte importante de esta redundancia.
Por otro lado, las optimizaciones aplicadas en tiempo de enlace o directamente al programa ejecutable final han recibido una atención creciente en los últimos años, debido a limitaciones existentes en el modelo de compilación tradicional. Incluso aplicando sofisticados análisis y transformaciones interprocedurales, un compilador tradicional no es capaz de optimizar un programa como una entidad completa. Un problema similar aparece aplicando técnicas de compilación dirigidas por profiling: grandes proyectos se ven forzados a recompilar todos y cada uno de sus módulos para aprovechar dicha información. Por el contrario, seria más conveniente construir la aplicación completa, instrumentarla para obtener información de profiling y optimizar entonces el binario final sin recompilar ni un solo fichero fuente.
En esta tesis presentamos nuevas técnicas de compilación dirigidas por profiling para eliminar la redundancia encontrada en programas ejecutables a nivel binario (esto es, redundancia binaria), incluso aunque estos programas hayan sido compilados agresivamente con un novísimo compilador comercial. Nuestras técnicas de eliminación de redundancia están diseñadas para eliminar operaciones de memoria y de salto redundantes, que son las más importantes para mitigar los problemas de rendimiento que hemos mencionado. Estas propuestas están basadas en técnicas de eliminación de redundancia parcial sensibles al camino de ejecución. Los resultados muestran que aplicando nuestras optimizaciones, somos capaces de alcanzar una reducción del 14% en el tiempo de ejecución de nuestro conjunto de programas.
En este trabajo también revisamos el problemas del análisis de alias en programas ejecutables, identificando el por qué la desambiguación de memoria es uno de los puntos débiles en la modificación de código objeto. Proponemos varios análisis para ser aplicados en el contexto de optimizadores binarios. Primero un análisis de alias estricto para descubrir dependencias de memoria sensibles al camino de ejecución, el cual es usado en nuestras optimizaciones para la eliminación de redundancias de memoria.
Seguidamente, dos análisis especulativos de posibles alias para detección de independencias de memoria. Estos análisis están basados en introducir información especulativa en tiempo de análisis, lo que incrementa la precisión en partes importantes de código manteniendo el análisis eficiente. Los resultados muestran que nuestras propuestas son altamente útiles para incrementar la desambiguación de memoria de código binario, lo que se traduce en oportunidades para aplicar optimizaciones.
Todos nuestros algoritmos, tanto de análisis como de optimización, han sido implementados en un optimizador binario, enfatizando los problemas más relevantes en la aplicaciones de nuestros algoritmos en código ejecutable, sin la ayuda de gran parte de la información de alto nivel presente en compiladores tradicionales.
Two of the most important performance limiters in today's processor families comes from solving the memory wall and handling control dependencies. In order to address these issues, cache memories and branch predictors are well-known hardware proposals that take advantage of, among other things, exploiting both temporal memory reuse and branch correlation. In other words, they try to exploit the dynamic redundancy existing in programs. This redundancy comes partly from the way that programmers write source code, but also from limitations in the compilation model of traditional compilers, which introduces unnecessary memory and conditional branch instructions. We believe that today's optimizing compilers should be very aggressive in optimizing programs, and then they should be expected to optimize a significant part of this redundancy away.
On the other hand, optimizations performed at link-time or directly applied to final program executables have received increased attention in recent years, due to limitations in the traditional compilation model. First, even though performing sophisticated interprocedural analyses and transformations, traditional compilers do not have the opportunity to optimize the program as a whole. A similar problem arises when applying profile-directe compilation techniques: large projects will be forced to re-build every source file to take advantage of profile information. By contrast, it would be more convenient to build the full application, instrument it to obtain profile data and then re-optimize the final binary without recompiling a single source file.
In this thesis we present new profile-guided compiler optimizations for eliminating the redundancy encountered on executable programs at binary level (i.e.: binary redundancy), even though these programs have been compiled with full optimizations using a state-ofthe- art commercial compiler. In particular, our Binary Redundancy Elimination (BRE) techniques are targeted at eliminating both redundant memory operations and redundant conditional branches, which are the most important ones for addressing the performance issues that we mentioned above in today's microprocessors. These new proposals are mainly based on Partial Redundancy Elimination (PRE) techniques for eliminating partial redundancies in a path-sensitive fashion. Our results show that, by applying our optimizations, we are able to achieve a 14% execution time reduction in our benchmark suite.
In this work we also review the problem of alias analysis at the executable program level, identifying why memory disambiguation is one of the weak points of object code modification. We then propose several alias analyses to be applied in the context of linktime or executable code optimizers. First, we present a must-alias analysis to recognize memory dependencies in a path- sensitive fashion, which is used in our optimization for eliminating redundant memory operations. Next, we propose two speculative may-alias data-flow algorithms to recognize memory independencies. These may-alias analyses are based on introducing unsafe speculation at analysis time, which increases alias precision on important portions of code while keeping the analysis reasonably cost-efficient. Our results show that our analyses prove to be very useful for increasing memory disambiguation accuracy of binary code, which turns out into opportunities for applying optimizations.
All our algorithms, both for the analyses and the optimizations, have been implemented within a binary optimizer, which overcomes most of the existing limitations of traditional source-code compilers. Therefore, our work also points out the most relevant issues of applying our algorithms at the executable code level, since most of the high-level information available in traditional compilers is lost.
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Seidler, Torsten. "Minderung rohmaterialbedingter SO2-Emissionen in der Zementindustrie /." Düsseldorf : Verl. Bau und Technik, 2006. http://www.agi-imc.de/intelligentSEARCH.nsf/alldocs/6884DFF6B3D69539C12571E0003774AD/$File/000000016401889.PDF?OpenElement.

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Zhang, Wensheng. "SO2/O2 as an oxidant in hydrometallurgy." Thesis, Zhang, Wensheng (2000) SO2/O2 as an oxidant in hydrometallurgy. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2000. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/458/.

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Books on the topic "NO and SO2 elimination"

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Elimination. Sutton: Severn House Large Print, 2015.

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Koschel, Henrike, Karl Ludwig Brockmann, Tobias F. N. Schmidt, Marcus Stronzik, and Heidi Bergmann. Handelbare SO2-Zertifikate für Europa. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58995-9.

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Chappell, J. Proceedings First Joint Symposium on Dry SO2 and Simultaneous SO2/NOx control technologies / J. Chappell. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Black, Bruce. Mastoidectomy elimination. St. Louis, Mo: American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, 1995.

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Ondaatje, Michael. Elimination Dance. London, CA: Brick Books, 1995.

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Wang, Dongming. Elimination Methods. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6202-6.

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Wang, Dongming. Elimination Methods. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2001.

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Glass, Harry. Process of elimination. Cumbernauld: Pedersen Press, 1993.

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Process of elimination. Denver, Colo: Outskirts Press, 2009.

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Cummuta, John. Debt elimination 101. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "NO and SO2 elimination"

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Slootweg, J. C., and K. Lammertsma. "Elimination." In Organophosphorus Compounds (incl. RO-P and RN-P), 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-042-00005.

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Pietrusiewicz, K. M., and M. Stankevič. "Elimination." In Three Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds: Ketenes and Derivatives, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-024-01082.

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Araki, S., and T. Hirashita. "Elimination." In Science of Synthesis Knowledge Updates KU 2011/1, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-107-00213.

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Sankararaman, S. "Double Elimination Involving Peterson Elimination." In Polyynes, Arynes, Enynes, and Alkynes, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-043-00410.

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Iyoda, M. "Elimination of Trimethylamine (Hofmann Elimination)." In Monocyclic Arenes, Quasiarenes, and Annulenes, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-045-00485.

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Andrews, M. D. "By Elimination." In Fused Five-Membered Hetarenes with One Heteroatom, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-010-00326.

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Murphy, P. J. "By Elimination." In Fused Five-Membered Hetarenes with One Heteroatom, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-010-00524.

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Donohoe, T. J. "By Elimination." In Fused Five-Membered Hetarenes with One Heteroatom, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-010-00846.

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Aitken, R. A. "Reductive Elimination." In Fused Five-Membered Hetarenes with One Heteroatom, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-010-01138.

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Boyd, G. V. "Elimination Reactions." In Five-Membered Hetarenes with One Chalcogen and One Additional Heteroatom, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-011-00637.

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Conference papers on the topic "NO and SO2 elimination"

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Youse Kim, Naeun Zang, and Juho Kim. "Stochastic glitch elimination considering path correlation." In 2007 IEEE International SOC Conference (SOCC). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socc.2007.4545451.

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Chen, Chen, Wyatt, Gouker, Burns, Yost, Suntharalingam, and Keast. "Elimination of parasitic channels in fully depleted SOI CMOS." In 2003 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat No 03CH37422) SOI-03). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soi.2003.1242889.

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Khawaji, Akili D., and Jong-Mihn Wie. "Seawater Scrubbing for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide in a Steam Turbine Power Plant." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50051.

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The most popular method of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in a steam turbine power plant is a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process that uses lime/limestone scrubbing. Another relatively newer FGD technology is to use seawater as a scrubbing medium to absorb SO2 by utilizing the alkalinity present in seawater. This seawater scrubbing FGD process is viable and attractive when a sufficient quantity of seawater is available as a spent cooling water within reasonable proximity to the FGD scrubber. In this process the SO2 gas in the flue gas is absorbed by seawater in an absorber and subsequently oxidized to sulfate by additional seawater. The benefits of the seawater FGD process over the lime/limestone process and other processes are; 1) The process does not require reagents for scrubbing as only seawater and air are needed, thereby reducing the plant operating cost significantly, and 2) No solid waste and sludge are generated, eliminating waste disposal, resulting in substantial cost savings and increasing plant operating reliability. This paper reviews the thermodynamic aspects of the SO2 and seawater system, basic process principles and chemistry, major unit operations consisting of absorption, oxidation and neutralization, plant operation and performance, cost estimates for a typical seawater FGD plant, and pertinent environmental issues and impacts. In addition, the paper presents the major design features of a seawater FGD scrubber for the 130 MW oil fired steam turbine power plant that is under construction in Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia. The scrubber with the power plant designed for burning heavy fuel oil containing 4% sulfur by weight, is designed to reduce the SO2 level in flue gas to 425 ng/J from 1,957 ng/J.
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Tsao, Yu-Chi, and Ken Choi. "A simplified flow for synthesizing digital FIR filters based on common subexpression elimination." In 2010 International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socdc.2010.5682943.

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Reyserhove, Hans, and Wim Dehaene. "Design margin elimination through robust timing error detection at ultra-low voltage." In 2017 IEEE SOI-3D-Subthreshold Microelectronics Technology Unified Conference (S3S). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/s3s.2017.8308743.

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Ko, Kyeong-Min, Dohyeon Kwon, and Jin-Ku Kang. "Design of 20Gb/s PAM4 Transmitter with Maximum Transition Elimination and Transition Compensation Techniques." In 2021 18th International SoC Design Conference (ISOCC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isocc53507.2021.9613901.

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Chatzivangelis, Nikolaos, Dimitris Valiantzas, Christos Sotiriou, and Iordanis Lilitsis. "Simulation-Based Maximum Coverage Hazard Detection and Elimination Analysis, Supporting Combinational Logic Loops." In 2022 IFIP/IEEE 30th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc54400.2022.9939579.

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Zhang, Zhixiao, Jiade Ma, and Weimin Cai. "Research on Feasibility of Different Incineration Systems for Paper Sludge." In 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec17-2340.

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A large amount of paper is recycled in China, that generates a significant amount of sludge and residue during the paper production process. Energy recovery by means of combustion in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants can be a possible candidate for sludge elimination. Currently, two incineration methods, distinguished as either direct incineration of partially dewatered sludge (generally 80% water content) or dried sludge incineration (dried to about 40% water content), are available. Research on comparison of fixed cost, operating cost and pollutant emissions between the two systems is presented. Fixed cost and steam consumption increase for the dried sludge incineration system though this method possesses many advantages, these include the decrease in consumption of auxiliary coal, service power and flue gas purificants. Moreover, main pollutant emission, such as SO2 and NOx, is significantly reduced. Chinese WTE managing regulations recommend no less than a 4:1 weight ratio of waste to auxiliary fuel fed into the incinerator. For a partially dewatered sludge direct incineration system, this weight ratio is about 5:1. However it reduces to 3.6:1 in a dried sludge incineration system. This is offset by a decrease in consumption of auxiliary coal and the overall weight ratio based on the entire plant increases to 7.5:1. The result suggests not only the technical and economic feasibility of a dried sludge incineration method, but also the feasibility of adopting the weight ratio of waste to auxiliary fuel based on entire WTE plant in the future regulation in China.
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Kumar, S., B. Zhang, and A. E. Willner. "Elimination of data pattern dependence in SOA-based differential-mode wavelength converters using optically-induced birefringence." In OFCNFOEC 2006. 2006 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2006.215686.

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Dutta, Avijit. "Low cost adjacent double error correcting code with complete elimination of miscorrection within a dispersion window for Multiple Bit Upset tolerant memory." In 2012 IEEE/IFIP 20th International Conference on VLSI and System-on-Chip (VLSI-SoC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc.2012.6379048.

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Reports on the topic "NO and SO2 elimination"

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Vasanth K, Pooja, and Dwaipayan Banerjee. Operations SOP: How to Organise COVID Vaccination for 200-Person Educational Institutions / Small Organisations. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/opssop.072021.

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This document details the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) which can be followed by any small organisations/educational institutions/ apartment complexes (approximately up to 200 individuals) for organising an on-site COVID-19 vaccination drive for their staff, students, residents and family. The sections detail the basic design and process workflow that can be planned within the premises to ensure elimination of unproductive waiting time on one hand and also provide maximum safety for all beneficiaries from chances of cross transmission of COVID-19 infection. The document captures details about the manpower planning, zone demarcations and roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, which can be used as a guideline for setting up similar initiatives. The COVID-19 safety protocols have also been covered to ensure adherence of processes as a safeguard against infections. A section has been added at the end on lessons learnt, which provides an insight on how to further improve the existing process and account for additional aspects which need to be considered for an improved experience and enhanced safety.
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Christie, Karl O., Michael Gerken, Ralf Haiges, Stefan Schneider, and Thorsten Schroer. The (SO2)2N3 Anion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada406252.

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Blythe, Gary. High SO2 Removal Efficiency Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1980.

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Blythe, Gary. High SO2 Removal Efficiency Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1981.

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Blythe, Gary. High SO2 Removal Efficiency Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1983.

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Eung Ha Cho, Hari Prashanth Sundaram, and Aubrey L. Miller. SO2 REMOVAL WITH COAL SCRUBBING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834570.

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Blythe, Gary M., and James L. Phillips. HIGH SO2 REMOVAL EFFICIENCY TESTING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/794173.

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Hamer, C. A. Evaluation of so2 sorbent utilization in fluidized beds. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/307282.

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Dave Murnane and Renauld Washington. REMOTE INTERVENTION TOWER ELIMINATION SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811447.

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Calahan, D. A. Sparse Elimination on Vector Multiprocessors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada204321.

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