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Journal articles on the topic "NNV"
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Larkin, Andrew, Howard Waitzkin, Ella Fassler, and Kesavan Rajasekharan Nayar. "How missing evidence-based medicine indicators can inform COVID-19 vaccine distribution policies: a scoping review and calculation of indicators from data in randomised controlled trials." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e063525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063525.
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ObjectiveReports of efficacy, effectiveness and harms of COVID-19 vaccines have not used key indicators from evidence-based medicine (EBM) that can inform policies about vaccine distribution. This study aims to clarify EBM indicators that consider baseline risks when assessing vaccines’ benefits versus harms: absolute risk reduction (ARR) and number needed to be vaccinated (NNV), versus absolute risk of the intervention (ARI) and number needed to harm (NNH).MethodsWe used a multimethod approach, including a scoping review of the literature; calculation of risk reductions and harms from data concerning five major vaccines; analysis of risk reductions in population subgroups with varying baseline risks; and comparisons with prior vaccines.FindingsThe scoping review showed few reports regarding ARR, NNV, ARI and NNH; comparisons of benefits versus harms using these EBM methods; or analyses of varying baseline risks. Calculated ARRs for symptomatic infection and hospitalisation were approximately 1% and 0.1%, respectively, as compared with relative risk reduction of 50%–95% and 58%–100%. NNV to prevent one symptomatic infection and one hospitalisation was in the range of 80–500 and 500–4000. Based on available data, ARI and NNH as measures of harm were difficult to calculate, and the balance between benefits and harms using EBM measures remained uncertain. The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines as measured by ARR and NNV was substantially higher in population subgroups with high versus low baseline risks.ConclusionsPriorities for vaccine distribution should target subpopulations with higher baseline risks. Similar analyses using ARR/NNV and ARI/NNH would strengthen evaluations of vaccines’ benefits versus harms. An EBM perspective on vaccine distribution that emphasises baseline risks becomes especially important as the world’s population continues to face major barriers to vaccine access—sometimes termed ‘vaccine apartheid’.
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Chang, Jui-Shin, and Shau-Chi Chi. "GHSC70 Is Involved in the Cellular Entry of Nervous Necrosis Virus." Journal of Virology 89, no. 1 (October 15, 2014): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02523-14.
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ABSTRACTNervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a devastating pathogen of cultured marine fish and has affected more than 40 fish species. NNV belongs to the betanodaviruses ofNodaviridaeand is a nonenveloped icosahedral particle with 2 single-stranded positive-sense RNAs. To date, knowledge regarding NNV entry into the host cell remains limited, and no NNV-specific receptor protein has been published. Using grouper fin cell line GF-1 and purified NNV capsid protein in a virus overlay protein binding assay (VOPBA), grouper heat shock cognate protein 70 (GHSC70) and grouper voltage-dependent anion selective channel protein 2 (GVDAC2) were investigated as NNV receptor protein candidates. We cloned and sequenced the genes for GHSC70 and GVDAC2 and expressed them inEscherichia colifor antiserum preparation. Knockdown of the expression of GHSC70 and GVDAC2 genes with specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) significantly downregulated viral RNA expression in NNV-infected GF-1 cells. By performing an immunoprecipitation assay, we confirmed that GHSC70 interacted with NNV capsid protein, while VDAC2 did not. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis revealed the presence of the GHSC70 protein on the cell surface. After a blocking assay, we detected the NNV RNA2 levels after 1 h of adsorption to GF-1 cells; the level was significantly lower in the cells pretreated with the GHSC70 antiserum than in nontreated cells. Therefore, we suggest that GHSC70 participates in the NNV entry of GF-1 cells, likely functioning as an NNV receptor or coreceptor protein.IMPORTANCEFish nodavirus has caused mass mortality of more than 40 fish species worldwide and resulted in huge economic losses in the past 20 years. Among the four genotypes of fish nodaviruses, the red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) genotype exhibits the widest host range. In our previous study, we developed monoclonal antibodies with high neutralizing efficiency against grouper NNV in GF-1 cells, indicating that NNV-specific receptor(s) may exist on the GF-1 cell membrane. However, no NNV receptor protein has been published. In this study, we found GHSC70 to be an NNV receptor (or coreceptor) candidate through VOBPA and provided several lines of evidence demonstrating that GHSC70 protein has a role in the NNV entry step of GF-1 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report identifying grouper HSC70 and its role in NNV entry into GF-1 cells.
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Lee, Hyunkyoung, Seong Kyeong Bae, Munki Kim, Min Jung Pyo, Minkyung Kim, Sujeoung Yang, Chung-kil Won, et al. "Anticancer Effect of Nemopilema nomurai Jellyfish Venom on HepG2 Cells and a Tumor Xenograft Animal Model." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2752716.
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Various kinds of animal venoms and their components have been widely studied for potential therapeutic applications. This study evaluated whether Nemopilema nomurai jellyfish venom (NnV) has anticancer activity. NnV strongly induced cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells through apoptotic cell death, as demonstrated by alterations of chromatic morphology, activation of procaspase-3, and an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Furthermore, NnV inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, PDK1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and 4EBP1, whereas it enhanced the expression of p-PTEN. Interestingly, NnV also inactivated the negative feedback loops associated with Akt activation, as demonstrated by downregulation of Akt at Ser473 and mTOR at Ser2481. The anticancer effect of NnV was significant in a HepG2 xenograft mouse model, with no obvious toxicity. HepG2 cell death by NnV was inhibited by tetracycline, metalloprotease inhibitor, suggesting that metalloprotease component in NnV is closely related to the anticancer effects. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that NnV exerts highly selective cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells via dual inhibition of the Akt and mTOR signaling pathways, but not in normal cells.
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Morick, Danny, Or Faigenbaum, Margarita Smirnov, Yakov Fellig, Adi Inbal, and Moshe Kotler. "Mortality Caused by Bath Exposure of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae to Nervous Necrosis Virus Is Limited to the Fourth Day Postfertilization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 10 (March 6, 2015): 3280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04175-14.
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ABSTRACTNervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a member of theBetanodavirusgenus that causes fatal diseases in over 40 species of fish worldwide. Mortality among NNV-infected fish larvae is almost 100%. In order to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the susceptibility of fish larvae to NNV, we exposed zebrafish larvae to NNV by bath immersion at 2, 4, 6, and 8 days postfertilization (dpf). Here, we demonstrate that developing zebrafish embryos are resistant to NNV at 2 dpf due to the protection afforded by the egg chorion and, to a lesser extent, by the perivitelline fluid. The zebrafish larvae succumbed to NNV infection during a narrow time window around the 4th dpf, while 6- and 8-day-old larvae were much less sensitive, with mortalities of 24% and 28%, respectively.
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Huang, Po-Yu, Han-Chia Hsiao, Szu-Wen Wang, Shao-Fu Lo, Ming-Wei Lu, and Li-Li Chen. "Screening for the Proteins That Can Interact with Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus Capsid Protein." Viruses 12, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12090985.
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Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) can infect many species of fish and has an 80–100% mortality rate. NNV capsid protein (NNVCP) is the only structural protein of NNV, but there are few studies on the protein–protein interaction between NNVCP and the host cell. To investigate NNV morphogenesis, native NNV capsid protein (NNVCP) was used to screen for protein–protein interactions in this study. The results identified that 49 grouper optic nerve proteins can interact with NNVCP and may function as putative receptor or co-receptor, cytoskeleton, glucose metabolism and ATP generation, immunity, mitochondrial ion regulation, and ribosomal proteins. Creatine kinase B-type (CKB) is one of those 49 optic nerve proteins. CKB, a kind of enzyme of ATP generation, was confirmed to interact with NNVCP by far-Western blot and showed to colocalize with NNVCP in GF-1 cells. Compared to the control, the expression of CKB was significantly induced in the brain and eyes infected with NNV. Moreover, the amount of replication of NNV is relatively high in cells expressing CKB. In addition to providing the database of proteins that can interact with NNVCP for subsequent analysis, the results of this research also verified that CKB plays an important role in the morphogenesis of NNV.
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Xiao Joe, Joan Tang, Henry Tan Shi Sung, Jen-Leih Wu, Yu-Shen Lai, and Ming-Wei Lu. "Dietary Administration of Novel Multistrain Probiotics from Healthy Grouper Intestines Promotes the Intestinal Immune Response against NNV Infection." Life 11, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101053.
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Epinephelus lanceolatus (giant grouper) is a high-value cultured species in the Asia-Pacific region. However, nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is an infectious viral disease that affects over 120 species of marine cultured species and causes high mortality, ranging from 90–100% in the grouper industry. Probiotics isolated from the intestines of healthy individuals have provided insight into novel approaches involved in the defense against viral pathogens. In this study, we isolated three strains of bacteria as candidate probiotics from healthy grouper intestines and a 28-day feeding trial was performed. At day 21, the nervous necrosis virus (NNV) challenge test was conducted for 7 days to evaluate the antiviral effect of candidate probiotics. The results showed that candidate probiotics could improve growth conditions, such as weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), and increase the utilization of feed. Furthermore, the candidate probiotic mixture had the ability to protect against NNV, which could decrease the mortality rate by 100% in giant grouper after NNV challenge. Subsequently, we analyzed the mechanism of the candidate probiotic mixture’s defense against NNV. A volcano plot revealed 203 (control vs. NNV), 126 (NNV vs. probiotics − NNV), and 5 (control vs. probiotics − NNV) differentially expressed transcripts in intestinal tissue. Moreover, principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis heatmap showed large differences among the three groups. Functional pathway analysis showed that the candidate probiotic mixture could induce the innate and adaptive immunity of the host to defend against virus pathogens. Therefore, we hope that potential candidate probiotics could be successfully applied to the industry to achieve sustainable aquaculture.
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Yang, Shieh Yueh, Jen Leih Wu, Chun Hsi Tso, Fang Huar Ngou, Hsin Yiu Chou, Fan Hua Nan, Herng Er Horng, and Ming Wei Lu. "A novel quantitative immunomagnetic reduction assay for Nervous necrosis virus." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 24, no. 5 (August 1, 2012): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638712455796.
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Rapid, sensitive, and automatic detection platforms are among the major approaches of controlling viral diseases in aquaculture. An efficient detection platform permits the monitoring of pathogen spread and helps to enhance the economic benefits of commercial aquaculture. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), the cause of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy, is among the most devastating aquaculture viruses that infect marine fish species worldwide. In the present study, a highly sensitive magnetoreduction assay was developed for detecting target biomolecules with a primary focus on NNV antigens. A standard curve of the different NNV concentrations that were isolated from infected Malabar grouper ( Epinephelus malabaricus) was established before experiments were conducted. The test solution was prepared by homogeneous dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles coated with rabbit anti-NNV antibody. The magnetic nanoparticles in the solution were oscillated by magnetic interaction with multiple externally applied, alternating current magnetic fields. The assay’s limit of detection was approximately 2 × 101 TCID50/ml for NNV. Moreover, the immunomagnetic reduction readings for other aquatic viruses (i.e., 1 × 107 TCID50/ml for Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and 1 × 106.5 TCID50/ml for grouper iridovirus) were below the background noise in the NNV solution, demonstrating the specificity of the new detection platform.
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Valero, Yulema, José G. Olveira, Carmen López-Vázquez, Carlos P. Dopazo, and Isabel Bandín. "BEI Inactivated Vaccine Induces Innate and Adaptive Responses and Elicits Partial Protection upon Reassortant Betanodavirus Infection in Senegalese Sole." Vaccines 9, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050458.
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Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), is one of the most threatening viruses affecting marine and freshwater fish species worldwide. Senegalese sole is a promising fish species in Mediterranean aquaculture but also highly susceptible to NNV and VER outbreaks, that puts its farming at risk. The development of vaccines for aquaculture is one of best tools to prevent viral spread and sudden outbreaks, and virus inactivation is the simplest and most cost-effective method available. In this work, we have designed two inactivated vaccines based on the use of formalin or binary ethylenimine (BEI) to inactivate a reassortant NNV strain. After vaccination, the BEI-inactivated vaccine triggered the production of specific IgM-NNV antibodies and stimulated innate and adaptive immune responses at transcriptional level (rtp3, mx, mhcii and tcrb coding genes). Moreover, it partially improved survival after an NNV in vivo challenge, reducing the mid-term viral load and avoiding the down-regulation of immune response post-challenge. On the other hand, the formalin-inactivated vaccine improved the survival of fish upon infection without inducing the production of IgM-NNV antibodies and only stimulating the expression of herc4 and mhcii genes (in head-kidney and brain, respectively) during the vaccination period; this suggests that other immune-related pathways may be involved in the partial protection provoked. Although these vaccines against NNV showed encouraging results, further studies are needed to improve sole protection and to fully understand the underlying immune mechanism.
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Santos, Isabel A., Cristina Martins, and Isabel Pereira. "NOMINAL GENDER AND NUMBER IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TIMORESE VARIETY OF PORTUGUESE." Diacrítica 32, no. 2 (July 2, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.439.
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This study contributes to the description of East-Timorese Portuguese (ETP), focusing on the variable patterns of nominal agreement in number and gender operating in this variety. The relevance of the research hinges on the fact that ETP is an understudied non-native variety (NNV) of Portuguese. Given its emergent state, the study of this particular variety can furthermore shed light on the historical process that led to the formation of other NNV. NNV are a product of the non-native acquisition of a language that, in a given territory, takes on official status, this is to say, is a second language (SL). Comparing production data by NNV speakers and by foreign language (FL) learners can elucidate both common and specific patterns of behavior. In this study, texts written by ETP speakers and by PFL learners were compared. Results revealed similar trends in both samples, but also a greater preference of ETP speakers for not complying to full nominal agreement. In general, data suggest that variable patterns of nominal agreement are likely to emerge as a defining property of ETP, as is currently the case in other NNV of Portuguese, thus diverging from European Portuguese (EP).
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Barki, Hadjer, Latifa Khaouane, and Salah Hanini. "Modelling of Adsorption of Methane, Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, Their Binary Mixtures, and Their Ternary Mixture on Activated Carbons Using Artificial Neural Network." Kemija u industriji 68, no. 7-8 (2019): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/kui.2019.002.
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This work examines the use of neural networks in modelling the adsorption process of gas mixtures (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>) on different activated carbons. Seven feed-forward neural network models, characterized by different structures, were constructed with the aim of predicting the adsorption of gas mixtures. A set of 417, 625, 143, 87, 64, 64, and 40 data points for NN1 to NN7, respectively, were used to test the neural networks. Of the total data, 60 %, 20 %, and 20 % were used, respectively, for training, validation, and testing of the seven models. Results show a good fit between the predicted and experimental values for each model; good correlations were found (<i>R</i> = 0.99656 for NN1, <i>R</i> = 0.99284 for NN2, <i>R</i> = 0.99388 for NN3, <i>R</i> = 0.99639 for <i>Q</i><sub>1</sub> for NN4, <i>R</i> = 0.99472 for <i>Q</i><sub>2</sub> for NN4, R = 0.99716 for <i>Q</i><sub>1</sub> for NN5, <i>R</i> = 0.99752 for <i>Q</i><sub>3</sub> for NN5, <i>R</i> = 0.99746 for <i>Q</i><sub>2</sub> for NN6, <i>R</i> = 0.99783 for <i>Q</i><sub>3</sub> for NN6, <i>R</i> = 0.9946 for <i>Q</i><sub>1</sub> for NN7, <i>R</i> = 0.99089 for <i>Q</i><sub>2</sub> for NN7, and <i>R</i> = 0.9947 for <i>Q</i><sub>3</sub> for NN7). Moreover, the comparison between the predicted results and the classical models (Gibbs model, Generalized dual-site Langmuir model, and Ideal Adsorption Solution Theory) shows that the neural network models gave far better results.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "NNV"
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Jaramillo, Martinez Diana. "Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Nervous Necrosis Virus." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13088.
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Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) is a globally distributed disease that affects a large number of finfish species, causing significant economic losses on affected farms. The causative agent is a small single stranded RNA virus called Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) from the genus Betanodavirus. NNV is neurotropic; clinical signs involve abnormal behaviour and high mortality associated with histopathological findings of vacuolating necrosis in the central nervous system and retina. In Australia, NNV has been isolated from Australian bass (Macquaria Novemaculeata) and barramundi (Lates calcarifer) populations recurrently for the past 10 and 25 years, respectively. However, the prognosis of NNV infection is highly variable. Although NNV became notorious for mass mortalities in marine fish hatcheries, it is often detected in apparently healthy individuals in the absence of clinical signs or histopathological lesions. Current knowledge on NNV epidemiology and pathogenesis is fragmentary. It is still unclear how the virus is transmitted between hosts and why some individuals are susceptible to VNN while others are not. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology and pathogenesis of NNV in Australian native species with a focus on transmission and disease determinants to provide a basis for the development of prevention and control strategies. In Chapter 3, a partially retrospective study was conducted on the occurrence of NNV at the Darwin Aquaculture Centre (DAC), a barramundi hatchery. Observations on NNV detection frequency and distribution provided clues to the possible transmission pathways of the virus, including the potential role of broodstock as reservoirs, and the age-dependency of the disease. To assess the NNV exposure distribution among populations of adult fish, an indirect antibody detection ELISA was developed (Chapter 4). The assay was optimized and compared with a competitive ELISA format to provide the best discriminatory power between sera from immunized and non-immunized populations. After defining the best antibody detection protocol (the indirect ELISA), the diagnostic accuracy of the assay was assessed in naturally exposed subjects using a Bayesian approach in the absence of a gold standard (Chapter 5). After validation of the ELISA, a single point and repeated cross sectional analysis of NNV seroprevalence was conducted on native Australian adult fish populations (barramundi, Australian bass and groupers Epinephelus sp.) (Chapter 6). Survey results discredited the role of broodstock as NNV reservoirs based on the lack of correspondence between NNV seroprevalence and the occurrence of NNV outbreaks at the hatchery level. Results also suggested that the exposure of adult fish to NNV antigens must be progressive as seroconversion was often observed and the seroprevalence tended to be higher in older fish populations. From this and previous accumulated epidemiological evidence, horizontal transmission of NNV was considered most likely. An environmental reservoir outside the hatcheries has yet to be investigated. In Chapter 7, the factors influencing the pathogenesis of NNV in barramundi were explored. Juveniles of different ages were challenged by immersion to analyse the influence of the age of the host on VNN disease expression. Additionally, to test the influence of the virus isolate, juveniles were challenged with two inoculums obtained from NNV outbreaks in barramundi populations with different disease presentation (clinical and subclinical). Results showed that fish from all the age groups tested (range 20 to 63 days post hatch) were susceptible to NNV infection. However, the survival of the fish following NNV challenge was highly influenced by the age of the host. Juveniles of 5 weeks of age and older showed no clinical signs and their survival odds were the same as the non-challenged controls, whereas younger fish developed clinical disease. No significant effect on disease severity was noted between different NNV isolates. In Chapter 8, the factors influencing the pathogenesis of NNV in Australian bass were explored. In addition to the age of the host and the isolate factor, the influence of the dose of the virus and the water temperature on VNN expression was examined. As with barramundi, the disease expression in Australian bass was age dependent. The severity of the disease was affected by the water temperature in younger fish but it did not affect the outcome in fish above 5 weeks of age. The dose of the virus influenced the incidence of infection but not the severity of the disease expression. Again, no significant effect on disease severity was noted between the two isolates tested. From the experimental challenge of barramundi and Australian bass, further observations on NNV pathogenesis were provided: incubation period, minimum infectious dose, tissue distribution, shedding and humoral immune response. The results from this study narrow the knowledge gap on NNV transmission mechanisms and provide important insights into the virus pathogenesis in barramundi and Australian bass. The virus is most likely being transmitted horizontally and VNN disease expression as distinct from infection with NNV is highly age dependent. From this evidence, recommendations are made on the direction of efforts to control VNN at the farm level.
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Majid, Safwat. "Åtgärder för ökad markanvändning i solcellspark : En tekno-ekonomisk fallstudie om potentialen hos bifacial och solföljare i Solpark Fyrislund." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Solcellsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447110.
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Solar parks are increasingly getting a larger market share of PV installations over the world, and have for the last couple of years managed to establish itself in the Swedish market. The market has for a long time been known for its decline in module prices, which has allowed an emergence of more efficient PV-techniques such as one-axis trackers and bifacial modules. Bifacial modules use the backside of modules for improved utiliziation of incoming light, while one-axis trackers have the ability to track the sun in order to maximise light absorption. These innovations have now caught the interest of companies willing to invest in large-scale PV-farms, where efficient land use is highly regarded. The aim of this thesis was to examine how bifacial modules and one-axis trackers perform in terms of system performance and profitabilty if implemented in 'Solpark Fyrislund', a solar park owned by Vasakronan AB. This was done by modelling and simulating cases in which said techniques were incorporated. The data was later used to estimate profitabilty of each investigated case. Results showed that the highest system performance and profitability was achieved by installing bifacial modules on the site. One-axis trackers are currently too expensive, require higher maintenance and has a higher demand for land, resulting in its profitability not being justified. It was also found that the current configuration could be optimized further for higher profit, by slightly reducing the pitch as well as increasing the tilt of the existing modules. The study should be followed up by further investigating the use of backtracking for one-axis trackers. Said innovations should also be more established in the Swedish market so that CAPEX- and OPEX prices become more accessible.
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Asensio, Javier. "Pirólisis térmica y catalítica de la nicotina y NNK y NNN, dos nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/113921.
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El carácter adictivo del tabaco se debe fundamentalmente a la nicotina, mientras que su toxicidad se debe a una serie de sustancias tales como el monóxido de carbono, 1,3-butadieno, hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (PAH) y las nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco (TSNAs), entre otros. La reducción de la toxicidad del humo del tabaco a través de la reducción de la emisión de los productos más problemáticos o la modificación de su composición en conjunto resultan alternativas muy interesantes, mientras se consigue la eliminación de este hábito. Se han localizado trabajos en la literatura encaminados a este fin. Con este objetivo, nuestro grupo de investigación lleva más de quince años estudiando el efecto que ciertos materiales micro y mesoporosos mezclados con el tabaco producen sobre la composición del humo obtenido en el proceso de fumado. En este sentido, en los últimos años se ha puesto de manifiesto la eficacia que presentan algunos silicatos mesoporosos, tales como SBA-15 y MCM-41 en la reducción de los alquitranes y la mayoría de los compuestos presentes en el humo del tabaco. Es por ello que se ha considerado que conocer el comportamiento de determinados compuestos específicos presentes en el humo de tabaco, como son la nicotina y dos nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco (NNK y NNN), los productos que se generan en su pirólisis y combustión, así como el efecto de los materiales mesoporosos mencionados en los procesos que tienen lugar durante el fumado del tabaco, sería de gran interés, y permitiría ayudar a diseñar productos de toxicidad reducida y menor carácter adictivo. A este respecto se han localizado muy escasos artículos en la bibliografía. Por todo ello, en el presente trabajo se aborda esta problemática y se plantea el estudio de la pirólisis de las dos nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco más cancerígenas, como son la 4-(N-metilnitrosoamino)-1-(3-piridinil)-butanona (NNK) y la N-nitrosonornicotina (NNN) mediante dos técnicas, TGA/FTIR y EGA/PY-GC/MS que son capaces de realizar experimentos a las velocidades de calefacción tan dispares que se dan en el proceso de fumado y tanto atmósfera inerte como atmósfera oxidante. También se estudia el comportamiento de la nicotina en EGA/PY-GC/MS, con objeto de completar el ya realizado por nuestro grupo de investigación la técnica de TGA/FTIR. Se estudia el efecto que producen tres silicatos mesoporosos (dos SBA-15 y un MCM-41) que presentan propiedades texturales y morfológicas diferentes, en la pirólisis catalítica de los tres compuestos anteriormente mencionados. Además, se analiza el efecto de la temperatura y la atmósfera (inerte y oxidante), en la degradación de la nicotina y las dos nitrosaminas mencionadas, y en la composición de los gases generados tras su descomposición. Se ha comprobado que en atmósfera oxidante los procesos de descomposición suceden a temperaturas más bajas, siendo especialmente notable este efecto en el caso de la nicotina. Así mismo, la presencia de los tres catalizadores favorece los procesos de descomposición de estos compuestos en ambas atmósferas, modifican la distribución de productos y favorecen la formación de residuo carbonoso. Los principales productos de descomposición de la nicotina en atmósfera inerte son la 3-etil-piridina, la miosmina y, especialmente la 3-vinilpiridina, que aumentan su contribución al aumentar la temperatura. Algunos compuestos como la miosmina presentan un máximo en su evolución, lo que indica que experimentan procesos de craqueo. En atmósfera oxidante se produce un cambio muy significativo en la distribución de productos, además de la mayor reactividad ya mencionada. Los productos mayoritarios pasan a ser la 3-cianopiridina, la nicotirina, la miosmina, el dióxido de carbono y el agua. La 3-cianopiridina y la 3-hidroxipiridina, muestran una tendencia creciente con la temperatura, mientras que el resto de los compuestos presentan evidencias de reacciones secundarias, poniendo de manifiesto que la presencia de oxígeno en el medio favorece las reacciones de descomposición de la nicotina y de muchos de los productos generados. La nicotina genera cianuro de hidrógeno en ambas atmósferas. Los tres catalizadores estudiados aceleran el proceso de descomposición de la nicotina y conducen a una mayor formación de residuo carbonoso, siendo el MCM-41 el material que ocasiona un mayor efecto, probablemente debido a su mayor superficie específica y buena accesibilidad de su porosidad debida a su morfología (aunque presente un menor tamaño de poro que los otros catalizadores). En atmósfera inerte la presencia de SBA-15f (SBA-15 fibras), apenas modifica el comportamiento de la nicotina, mientras que tanto MCM-41 como SBA-15p (SBA-15 platelet) se reduce la formación de algunos compuestos como la 3-vinilpiridina, incrementándose la formación de otros como quinolina e isoquinolina. En atmósfera oxidante los cambios son más significativos, ya que todos los catalizadores favorecen las reacciones de oxidación y descarboxilación, incrementando la generación de dióxido de carbono y disminuyendo la formación de agua, especialmente MCM-41 y SBA15p. MCM-41 reduce notablemente la formación de 3-cianopiridina y de nicotirina al aumentar la temperatura, a diferencia de lo observado en la nicotina, tanto sola como en presencia de los dos SBA-15. Ambas nitrosaminas han presentado unos resultados en la línea de los comentados para la nicotina. Se ha observado que la degradación completa de ambos compuestos sucede a temperaturas ligeramente inferiores para atmósfera oxidante, y presenta variaciones en la composición de los gases generados. Se ha podido comprobar cómo, de los tres materiales estudiados, el MCM-41 es el que provoca mayor modificación de la degradación térmica de ambas nitrosaminas, favoreciendo la generación de residuo en atmósfera inerte. En cuanto a la composición de los productos generados tras la pirólisis de NNK, ambos SBA-15 han mostrado una modificación clara de la distribución de los mismos. También se ha podido observar como en el caso de la NNN, algunos de sus productos de descomposición reducen su contribución a máxima temperatura, observándose tendencias decrecientes y algún máximo en función de la temperatura. Por otro lado, los resultados de termogravimetría para ambas nitrosaminas se han ajustado a un sencillo modelo cinético que permite estimar las áreas de cada uno de los procesos de pérdida de peso observados, pudiéndose realizar de esta forma un análisis más claro del efecto de los catalizadores utilizados basado en las distintas fracciones asociadas a cada uno de los procesos. El caso de la NNK presenta tres procesos de pérdida de peso a 194, 299 y 368 ºC en atmósfera inerte y tres procesos a 208, 299 y 648 ºC en atmósfera oxidante, siendo el principal el que tiene lugar a 299 ºC con un 81.8 y 66.4 % de contribución relativa para atmósfera inerte y oxidante, respectivamente. La NNN ha mostrado dos procesos de pérdida de peso, a 190 y 218 ºC en atmósfera inerte y a 180 y 207 ºC en oxidante. Los tres materiales mesoporosos estudiados han mostrado, para ambas nitrosaminas, modificaciones en la temperatura e intensidad de los procesos observados. Este efecto se hace más notable en aire donde se observa un nuevo proceso térmico a altas temperaturas, siendo especialmente notable este efecto con MCM-41. El experimento con este material para la NNK ha presentado cuatro procesos de pérdida de peso a 197, 232, 281, 414 ºC para atmósfera inerte y oxidante, variando la contribución relativa entre ellos. En el caso de la NNN, el experimento con MCM-41 ha mostrado tres procesos a 190, 218 y 260 ºC para atmósfera inerte y a 180, 207 y a 610 ºC en atmósfera oxidante. Para ambas nitrosaminas en atmósfera oxidante, los gases analizados para los tres materiales han mostrado un aumento considerable (principalmente por el MCM-41) de las bandas de CO2 y CO a temperaturas elevadas, respecto al experimento sin catalizador. Este aumento se ha debido a la degradación oxidativa del residuo carbonoso generado.
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Khadrah, S. "NNS/NNS interaction during task-based synchronous computer-mediated communication." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508026.
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Alquezar, Rose. "L'Espagne et l'Amérique latine dans l'hebdomadaire "Vendredi", nov. 1935-nov. 1938." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30007.
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L'etude de l'espagne et de l'amerique latine dans l'hebdomadaire vendredi permet de definir l'engagement des intellectuels de gauche pendant le front populaire, et tout particulierement leur position par rapport a la non-intervention. L'analyse du combat ideologique pendant la guerre d'espagne situe vendredi dans la presse francaise en le confrontant a ses deux adversaires directs : les hebdomadaires candide et gringoire, et permet de mettre en evidence les difficultes de l'action politique en faveur de l'intervention en espagne, difficultes liees au financement de la presse et a la manipulation de l'information en provenance d'espagne, au niveau de la transmission et des sourcesThe study of spain and latin america in the weekly vendredi allows the degree of commitment of left-wing intellectuals during the popular front to be defined, and in particular, their position in relation to the question of non-intervention. The analysis of the ideological combat during the spanish war situates vendredi within the french press, and confronts it with its direct opponents : the weeklies candide and gringoire. It also highlights the difficulties of political action in favour of intervention in spain : difficulties related to the financing of the press and the manipulation, during transmission and at source, of information coming from spain
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Alquezar, Rose. "L'Espagne et l'Amérique latine dans l'hebdomadaire "Vendredi", nov. 1935 - nov. 1938 /." Bordeaux : [s.n.], 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375648714.
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Iwashita, Noriko. "Comprehensible output in NNS-NNS interaction in Japanese as a foreign language." Connect to thesis, 1993. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1523.
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This study is a partial replication of Pica et al’s study (1989) of comprehensible output, and investigates comprehensible output in NNS-NNS interaction in Japanese as a Foreign Language. Data were collected using two different types of tasks (information gap and jigsaw tasks) in three sub-groups of different proficiency levels (High-High, Low-Low, and High-Low) in order to find out (1) to what extent the tasks provide opportunities for learners to modify their initial output in response to requests for clarification and confirmation, and (2) the extent to which learners actually modify their output in response to interlocutor requests.The results show that comprehensible output is an important phenomenon in NNS-NNS interaction. Unlike the result of Pica et al, task types had more effect on opportunities for comprehensible output and actual production of comprehensible output than request types. Not much difference was found among different proficiency groups.
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Harfouche, Joyce. "Nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse de ligands NN, NNO, et nos chiraux : utilisation en catalyse asymétrique homogène pour la réduction de cétones." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10147.
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L'objectif de la thèse a consisté à mettre au point une méthodologie de synthèse simple et efficace de ligands diamines, de diaminoalcools, d'aminothiols et d'aminothiophénols chiraux. Les diamines et diaminoalcools ont été synthétisés par des méthodes de couplage peptidique. Nous avons ensuite optimisé l'ouverture régiosélective et stéréospécifique du S-thiiranyltrityléther par la benzylamine que nous avons étendue à d'autres amines afin d'obtenir une famille d'aminothiols chiraux. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons synthétisé des aminothiophénols à partir de l'acide thiosalycilique à l'aide de deux voies de synthèse différentes. Ces ligands ont été testés pour la réduction de cétones aromatiques par hydrogénation ou par transfert d'hydrure. Une étude spécifique effectuée avec le benzoylformate de méthyle a été réalisée, mettant à jour la transformation de ce substrat en mandélate d'isopropyle grâce au tert-butylate de potassium
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Freitas, Diogo Martins de. "Equity research - Ferrari N.V." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17354.
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Mestrado em FinançasO presente relatório de Equity Research tem por objectivo determinar o justo valor da fabricante italiana de supercarros de luxo, Ferrari. Nesse sentido, um preço-alvo para o final do ano de 2018 foi desenvolvido e posteriormente concretizado numa recomendação de investimento, tendo por base o processo de avaliação e o preço actual da acção. A primeira etapa do processo de avaliação compreende uma breve análise macroeconómica da indústria em que a empresa se insere, seguida de uma análise operacional. Posteriormente segue-se um tratamento de dados financeiros fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do modelo de Discount Cash Flow (DCF) e para o modelo de avaliação relativa com em base em Múltiplos. O modelo de Discount Cash Flow (DCF) deriva um preço por acção no final de 2018 de € 121.21. Em contraste, a abordagem via múltiplos é ligeiramente mais conservadora, com um valor-alvo por acção de € 115.36. Em 30 de Junho de 2018, o preço da acção em mercado foi fixado em € 116.50, o que deixa espaço para um potencial de valorização de cerca de 4%, considerando o valor obtido através do modelo DCF. O rendimento futuro dos dividendos é esperado ser de 0.70%. Desde o início do ano, o retorno anual da acção foi de 36%, juntamente com uma volatilidade anual de 31%, valores estes que podem ser explicados em certa medida pela ainda recente IPO e a consequente descoberta de preço pelo mercado.
The present equity research report aims to determine the fair value of the Italian Supercar manufacturer, Ferrari. In that sense, a target price towards the end of 2018 is developed and concretized in an investment recommendation given the outcome of the process of due diligence followed by the respective business valuation. The first step of the valuation process comprehends an analysis of both the industry where the company operates and its operational activity. Subsequently, the assumptions and the forecasted financials are present as they represent the fundamental quantitative data where both the discounted cash flow and multiples valuation models rely on. The discounted cash flow model (DCF) derives a share price towards the end of 2018 of €121.21. By contrast, the multiples approach is slightly more conservative with a share value of €115.36. On 30th of June 2018 the market share price was set at €116.50 which leaves room for an upside potential of about 4% given the DCF target share value. The forward dividend yield is expected to be 0.70%. Since the beginning of the year, the annual stock return averaged 36% with an annual volatility of 31%.
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Crispim, Sérgio Miguel dos Santos. "Equity research - Heineken N.V." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16736.
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Mestrado em FinançasO trabalho elaborado consiste numa avaliação do preço por ação da Heineken N.V. para o final de 2018FY, tendo por base pressupostos que considero futuramente viáveis para os próximos cinco anos de atividade e que se apoiam no histórico de performance dos últimos cinco anos. Para tal, todo o estudo é feito através do formato CFA Institute e tem como início a descrição da empresa, a qual contém um resumo da sua história até à data, focado nas principais aquisições ocorrentes, a explicação de quais os segmentos operacionais, uma enumeração e detalhe dos principais elementos condutores de receitas, rentabilidade e custos, a estratégia definida pela direção da empresa para os próximos anos e também de que forma a empresa está organizada ao nível da estrutura de detenção de ações, bem como a organização administrativa interna. A fase seguinte introduz um pouco do estudo da economia global, e centraliza-se nas tendências e crescimento (por região e global) da indústria previsto para próximos anos. Esta fase termina com uma análise do meio competitivo no qual se insere a Heineken N.V. O principal modelo aplicado é o Discounted Cash Flow. Através deste modelo a recomendação dada aos investidores é de manter as ações, já que o preço sugerido para o fim de 2018FY é €91,55/ação, tendo em conta que a Heineken N.V. é uma empresa de baixo risco. O trabalho termina com algumas análises de sensibilidade, com as quais se mitigam alguns dos principais riscos considerados.
The elaborated work consists on an Equity Research of Heineken N.V. for the year ending 2018F, based on assumptions that I consider to be viable for the next five years and based on the historical performance of the last five years. To do this, the entire study is done through the CFA Institute format and begins with the company description, which contains a summary of its history to date, focused on the main acquisitions occurring, the explanation of which operating segments, an enumeration and detail of the main drivers of revenue, profitability and costs, the strategy defined by the management of the company for the coming years and also how the company is organized at the level of shareholders structure, as well as its corporate governance. The next phase introduces some of the study of the global economy, and centers on the trends and growth (by region and global) of the industry forecast for the next years. This phase concludes with an analysis of the competitive environment in which Heineken N.V. is inserted. The main model applied is Discounted Cash Flow. Through this model the recommendation given to investors is to hold/maintain the shares, since the suggested price for the end of 2018FY is €91.55/ share, bearing in mind that Heineken N.V. is a low risk company. The work ends with some sensitivity analyzes, which mitigate some of the main risks considered.
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Books on the topic "NNV"
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Gott, Stephanie. NGV news guide to NGV funding. Arlington, Va: Pasha Publications, 1993.
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Šinkovec, Črtomir. Nov dan. drija: [Adolf Šinkovec], 2014.
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Deelder, J. A. N.V. Verga. Amsterdam: Bezige Bij, 2001.
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Bandhopadhyaya, Vibhutibhush. Nav Vrindavan. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2004.
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Laul, Ulev. Kodumaast: NSV Liidu Ja Eesti NSV Riigihumnist. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1988.
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Eglītis, Anšlavs. Nav tak dzimtene. Rīga: Zinātne, c1999., 1999.
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Gogol, Nikolai Vasilevich. Perepiska N.V. Gogolya. Moskva: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1988.
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Taleski, Petar. Nov penziski sistem. Skopje: Makedonska reč, 2005.
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Publishing, Ultimate Bible. Disciples, Nsv, KJV, Nkv, LIV, Nlv, Greek New Testament, Hebrew Old Testament. Chelsea House Publications, 1998.
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Fox, Raymond. The Use of Self. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190616144.001.0001.
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This monograph presents recent advances in neural network (NN) approaches and applications to chemical reaction dynamics. Topics covered include: (i) the development of ab initio potential-energy surfaces (PES) for complex multichannel systems using modified novelty sampling and feedforward NNs; (ii) methods for sampling the configuration space of critical importance, such as trajectory and novelty sampling methods and gradient fitting methods; (iii) parametrization of interatomic potential functions using a genetic algorithm accelerated with a NN; (iv) parametrization of analytic interatomic potential functions using NNs; (v) self-starting methods for obtaining analytic PES from ab inito electronic structure calculations using direct dynamics; (vi) development of a novel method, namely, combined function derivative approximation (CFDA) for simultaneous fitting of a PES and its corresponding force fields using feedforward neural networks; (vii) development of generalized PES using many-body expansions, NNs, and moiety energy approximations; (viii) NN methods for data analysis, reaction probabilities, and statistical error reduction in chemical reaction dynamics; (ix) accurate prediction of higher-level electronic structure energies (e.g. MP4 or higher) for large databases using NNs, lower-level (Hartree-Fock) energies, and small subsets of the higher-energy database; and finally (x) illustrative examples of NN applications to chemical reaction dynamics of increasing complexity starting from simple near equilibrium structures (vibrational state studies) to more complex non-adiabatic reactions. The monograph is prepared by an interdisciplinary group of researchers working as a team for nearly two decades at Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK with expertise in gas phase reaction dynamics; neural networks; various aspects of MD and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of nanometric cutting, tribology, and material properties at nanoscale; scaling laws from atomistic to continuum; and neural networks applications to chemical reaction dynamics. It is anticipated that this emerging field of NN in chemical reaction dynamics will play an increasingly important role in MD, MC, and quantum mechanical studies in the years to come.
Book chapters on the topic "NNV"
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Tran, Hoang-Dung, Xiaodong Yang, Diego Manzanas Lopez, Patrick Musau, Luan Viet Nguyen, Weiming Xiang, Stanley Bak, and Taylor T. Johnson. "NNV: The Neural Network Verification Tool for Deep Neural Networks and Learning-Enabled Cyber-Physical Systems." In Computer Aided Verification, 3–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53288-8_1.
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Tran, Hoang-Dung, Neelanjana Pal, Patrick Musau, Diego Manzanas Lopez, Nathaniel Hamilton, Xiaodong Yang, Stanley Bak, and Taylor T. Johnson. "Robustness Verification of Semantic Segmentation Neural Networks Using Relaxed Reachability." In Computer Aided Verification, 263–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_12.
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AbstractThis paper introduces robustness verification for semantic segmentation neural networks (in short, semantic segmentation networks [SSNs]), building on and extending recent approaches for robustness verification of image classification neural networks. Despite recent progress in developing verification methods for specifications such as local adversarial robustness in deep neural networks (DNNs) in terms of scalability, precision, and applicability to different network architectures, layers, and activation functions, robustness verification of semantic segmentation has not yet been considered. We address this limitation by developing and applying new robustness analysis methods for several segmentation neural network architectures, specifically by addressing reachability analysis of up-sampling layers, such as transposed convolution and dilated convolution. We consider several definitions of robustness for segmentation, such as the percentage of pixels in the output that can be proven robust under different adversarial perturbations, and a robust variant of intersection-over-union (IoU), the typical performance evaluation measure for segmentation tasks. Our approach is based on a new relaxed reachability method, allowing users to select the percentage of a number of linear programming problems (LPs) to solve when constructing the reachable set, through a relaxation factor percentage. The approach is implemented within NNV, then applied and evaluated on segmentation datasets, such as a multi-digit variant of MNIST known as M2NIST. Thorough experiments show that by using transposed convolution for up-sampling and average-pooling for down-sampling, combined with minimizing the number of ReLU layers in the SSNs, we can obtain SSNs with not only high accuracy (IoU), but also that are more robust to adversarial attacks and amenable to verification. Additionally, using our new relaxed reachability method, we can significantly reduce the verification time for neural networks whose ReLU layers dominate the total analysis time, even in classification tasks.
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Mamalakis, Antonios, Imme Ebert-Uphoff, and Elizabeth A. Barnes. "Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Meteorology and Climate Science: Model Fine-Tuning, Calibrating Trust and Learning New Science." In xxAI - Beyond Explainable AI, 315–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_16.
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AbstractIn recent years, artificial intelligence and specifically artificial neural networks (NNs) have shown great success in solving complex, nonlinear problems in earth sciences. Despite their success, the strategies upon which NNs make decisions are hard to decipher, which prevents scientists from interpreting and building trust in the NN predictions; a highly desired and necessary condition for the further use and exploitation of NNs’ potential. Thus, a variety of methods have been recently introduced with the aim of attributing the NN predictions to specific features in the input space and explaining their strategy. The so-called eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is already seeing great application in a plethora of fields, offering promising results and insights about the decision strategies of NNs. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent work from our group, applying XAI to meteorology and climate science. Specifically, we present results from satellite applications that include weather phenomena identification and image to image translation, applications to climate prediction at subseasonal to decadal timescales, and detection of forced climatic changes and anthropogenic footprint. We also summarize a recently introduced synthetic benchmark dataset that can be used to improve our understanding of different XAI methods and introduce objectivity into the assessment of their fidelity. With this overview, we aim to illustrate how gaining accurate insights about the NN decision strategy can help climate scientists and meteorologists improve practices in fine-tuning model architectures, calibrating trust in climate and weather prediction and attribution, and learning new science.
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Lane, J. D., C. J. Pickett, and D. R. Stanley. "Synthesis of Diazenido Complexes, -NNH and -NNR." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 108–9. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145227.ch79.
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Ivanov, Radoslav, Taylor Carpenter, James Weimer, Rajeev Alur, George Pappas, and Insup Lee. "Verisig 2.0: Verification of Neural Network Controllers Using Taylor Model Preconditioning." In Computer Aided Verification, 249–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81685-8_11.
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AbstractThis paper presents Verisig 2.0, a verification tool for closed-loop systems with neural network (NN) controllers. We focus on NNs with tanh/sigmoid activations and develop a Taylor-model-based reachability algorithm through Taylor model preconditioning and shrink wrapping. Furthermore, we provide a parallelized implementation that allows Verisig 2.0 to efficiently handle larger NNs than existing tools can. We provide an extensive evaluation over 10 benchmarks and compare Verisig 2.0 against three state-of-the-art verification tools. We show that Verisig 2.0 is both more accurate and faster, achieving speed-ups of up to 21x and 268x against different tools, respectively.
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Andrews, Anne M., Greg A. Gerhardt, Lynette C. Daws, Mohammed Shoaib, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Luis De Lecea, et al. "NNH." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 901. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4420.
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Andrews, Anne M., Greg A. Gerhardt, Lynette C. Daws, Mohammed Shoaib, Barbara J. Mason, Charles J. Heyser, Luis De Lecea, et al. "NNT." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 901. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4421.
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Chu, Wenjing. "NFV and NFV-based Security Services." In A Comprehensive Guide to 5G Security, 347–72. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119293071.ch15.
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Colpan, Metin, and Carsten P. Claussen. "Qiagen N.V." In Hightech goes Public, 341–50. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84427-9_35.
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Bender, Jens, Sophie Nietfeld, and Philipp Reinke. "Qiagen N.V." In Success Factors of Fast Growing Companies, 199–216. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84561-0_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "NNV"
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Tran, Hoang-Dung, Diego Manzanas Lopez, Xiaodong Yang, Patrick Musau, Luan Viet Nguyen, Weiming Xiang, Stanley Bak, and Taylor T. Johnson. "Demo: The Neural Network Verification (NNV) Tool." In 2020 IEEE Workshop on Design Automation for CPS and IoT (DESTION). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/destion50928.2020.00010.
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Ma, Rong-Rong, Yin-Geng Wang, Mei-Jie Liao, Xian-Le Yang, Zheng Zhang, Xiao-Jun Rong, and Bin Li. "Diagnosis and ORF gene sequencing analysis of the nervous necrosis virus (NNV) isolated from cultured pearl gentian grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, in China." In 2014 7th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2014.7002884.
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Xue, Yang, and Zhongliang Jing. "On-Line Self-Learning Neural Network Control for Articulated Pneumatic Robot Position System." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80161.
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In this paper, a NNI (Neural Network Identifier) is presented to learn model for an articulated multiple DOF (Degrees of Freedom) pneumatic robot position system. It can adjust the weights and biases of NNC (Neural Network Controller) on line. This controller can effectively solve the difficult problems of single rod cylinders, which are mainly caused by asymmetric structures and different friction characteristics in two directions. On these bases an articulated four DOF pneumatic robot is designed and its work space is analyzed. Experimental results prove that, the dynamic performance of the system can be much improved. The system using NN (Neural Network) has strong self-adaptability and robustness. It obtains desired percentage overshoot and repeatability in steady-state responses.
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Bettocchi, R., M. Pinelli, P. R. Spina, and M. Venturini. "Artificial Intelligence for the Diagnostics of Gas Turbines: Part I — Neural Network Approach." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68026.
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In the paper, Neural Network (NN) models for gas turbine diagnostics are studied and developed. The analyses carried out are aimed at the selection of the most appropriate NN structure for gas turbine diagnostics, in terms of computational time of the NN training phase, accuracy and robustness with respect to measurement uncertainty. In particular, feed-forward NNs with a single hidden layer trained by using a back-propagation learning algorithm are considered and tested. Moreover, Multi-Input/Multi-Output NN architectures (i.e. NNs calculating all the system outputs) are compared to Multi-Input/Single-Output NNs, each of them calculating a single output of the system. The results obtained show that NNs are robust with respect to measurement uncertainty, if a sufficient number of training patterns are used. Moreover, Multi-Input/Multi-Output NNs trained with data corrupted with measurement errors seem to be the best compromise between the computational time required for NN training phase and the NN accuracy in performing gas turbine diagnostics.
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Wang, Jun, Kevin Chiu, and Mark Fuge. "Learning to Abstract and Compose Mechanical Device Function and Behavior." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22714.
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Abstract While current neural networks (NNs) are becoming good at deriving single types of abstractions for a small set of phenomena, for example, using a single NN to predict a flow velocity field, NNs are not good at composing large systems as compositions of small phenomena and reasoning about their interactions. We want to study how NNs build both the abstraction and composition of phenomena when a single NN model cannot suffice. Rather than a single NN that learns one physical or social phenomenon, we want a group of NNs that learn to abstract, compose, reason, and correct the behaviors of different parts in a system. In this paper, we investigate the joint use of Physics-Informed (Navier-Stokes equations) Deep Neural Networks (i.e., Deconvolutional Neural Networks) as well as Geometric Deep Learning (i.e., Graph Neural Networks) to learn and compose fluid component behavior. Our models successfully predict the fluid flows and their composition behaviors (i.e., velocity fields) with an accuracy of about 99%.
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Gao, Kun, Katsumi Inoue, Yongzhi Cao, and Hanpin Wang. "Learning First-Order Rules with Differentiable Logic Program Semantics." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/417.
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Learning first-order logic programs (LPs) from relational facts which yields intuitive insights into the data is a challenging topic in neuro-symbolic research. We introduce a novel differentiable inductive logic programming (ILP) model, called differentiable first-order rule learner (DFOL), which finds the correct LPs from relational facts by searching for the interpretable matrix representations of LPs. These interpretable matrices are deemed as trainable tensors in neural networks (NNs). The NNs are devised according to the differentiable semantics of LPs. Specifically, we first adopt a novel propositionalization method that transfers facts to NN-readable vector pairs representing interpretation pairs. We replace the immediate consequence operator with NN constraint functions consisting of algebraic operations and a sigmoid-like activation function. We map the symbolic forward-chained format of LPs into NN constraint functions consisting of operations between subsymbolic vector representations of atoms. By applying gradient descent, the trained well parameters of NNs can be decoded into precise symbolic LPs in forward-chained logic format. We demonstrate that DFOL can perform on several standard ILP datasets, knowledge bases, and probabilistic relation facts and outperform several well-known differentiable ILP models. Experimental results indicate that DFOL is a precise, robust, scalable, and computationally cheap differentiable ILP model.
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Bettocchi, R., M. Pinelli, P. R. Spina, M. Venturini, and G. A. Zanetta. "Assessment of the Robustness of Gas Turbine Diagnostics Tools Based on Neural Networks." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90118.
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The paper deals with the set-up and the application of an Artificial Intelligence technique based on Neural Networks (NNs) to gas turbine diagnostics, in order to evaluate its capabilities and its robustness. The data used for both training and testing the NNs were generated by means of a Cycle Program, calibrated on a Siemens V94.3A gas turbine. Such data are representative of operating points characterized by different boundary, load and health state conditions. The analyses carried out are aimed at the selection of the most appropriate NN structure for gas turbine diagnostics, by evaluating NN robustness with respect to: • interpolation capability and accuracy in the presence of data affected by measurement errors; • extrapolation capability in the presence of data lying outside the range of variation adopted for NN training; • accuracy in the presence of input data corrupted by bias errors; • accuracy when one input is not available. This situation is simulated by replacing the value of the unavailable input with its nominal value.
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Bettocchi, R., M. Pinelli, P. R. Spina, M. Venturini, and M. Burgio. "Set Up of a Robust Neural Network for Gas Turbine Simulation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53421.
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In this paper, Neural Network (NN) models for the real-time simulation of gas turbines are studied and developed. The analyses carried out are aimed at the selection of the most appropriate NN structure for gas turbine simulation, in terms of both computational time of the NN training phase and accuracy and robustness with respect to measurement uncertainty. In particular, feed-forward NNs, with a single hidden layer and different numbers of neurons, trained by using a back-propagation learning algorithm are considered and tested. Finally, a general procedure for the validation of computational codes is adapted and applied to the validation of the developed NN models.
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Bettocchi, R., P. R. Spina, and G. Torella. "Gas Turbine Health Indices Determination by Using Neural Networks." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30276.
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Recently, diagnostic approaches based on Artificial Intelligence have become very attractive. In particular Neural Networks (NNs) seem to have suitable characteristics for gas turbine diagnostics. This paper deals with the activities carried out for: • selecting the most appropriate NN structure for gas turbine diagnostics; • developing a NN for the detection, isolation and assessment of single and combined causes of performance degradation in a two shaft industrial gas turbine; • testing both the NN performance in recognizing causes of performance degradation and robustness in presence of scarce and/or wrong input data. The data used in all these phases in order to train and test the NN have been generated using a non-linear Cycle Program. So, the Cycle Program becomes a data generator, which may be integrated with data derived from field experience, while the diagnostic function is performed by the NN.
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Arpacı, Vedat S. "Microscales of Natural Convection." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0888.
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Abstract A universal dimensionless number, ΠN∼NN1+Pr-1 ,Pr being the usual Prandtl number and NN the limit of ΠN for Pr → ∞, is introduced for all natural convection processes. For NN=Ra ,Ra being the usual Rayleigh number, ΠN describes buoyancy-driven natural convection. For NN=Ma ,Ma being the usual Marangoni number, ΠN describes thermocapillary-driven natural convection. For NN=TaPr ,Ta being the usual Taylor number, ΠN describes centrifugally-driven natural convection. In terms of ΠN, a thermal Kolmogorov scale relative to an integral scale, ηθℓ∼ΠN-1/3 is introduced for natural convection including buoyancy, thermocapillary and centrifugally-driven flows. Heat transfer associated with these flows is modeled byNu∼ΠN1/3 ,Nu being the usual Nusselt number. A variety of turbulent natural convection phenomena are shown correlating the model.
Reports on the topic "NNV"
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Summers, D. A. Independent nuclear safety assessment of the non-nuclear verification instrument NNV-470AS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117663.
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Tulp, I., T. C. Prins, J. A. M. Craeymeersch, S. IJff, and M. T. van der Sluis. Syntheserapport PMR NCV. IJmuiden: Wageningen Marine Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/496768.
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Gregory, Louis. Asbestos Report Permit NEV HW0101. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1506466.
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NMR Publicering. NNR 2012: Responses from hearing process. Nordisk Ministerråd, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/na2014-913.
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GM Sverdrup, JG DeSteese, and ND Malcosky. Final Report on National NGV Infrastructure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2654.
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N.E. Woolstenhulme and R.B. Nielson. DDE Design Status Report Nov 2011. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034809.
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Thornton, Remington. X-Ray Development Photos Nov 2022. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1922732.
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Sanguanwong, Natthawan, Nattawat Jantarangsi, Natthida Owattanapanich, and Vorakamol Phoophiboon. Effect of non-invasive ventilation and high flow nasal cannula on interstitial lung disease with acute respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0104.
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Review question / Objective: P: Interstitial lung disease patient who is suffering with acute respiratory failure. I: Non-invasive oxygen therapy either non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or high flow nasal cannula (HFNC). C: 1. Conventional oxygen therapy, 2. NIV vs HFNC. O: P/F ratio improvement, PaCO2 reduction, mortality, intubation rate. Condition being studied: The benefit of using either non-invasive ventilation or high flow nasal cannula on interstitial lung disease with acute respiratory failure.
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Upton, Jaki F., and Steven L. Stein. Responder Technology Alert Monthly (Oct-Nov 2014). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1178865.
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Kanies, Tim. Rapid Response Small Machining NNR Project 703025. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/952482.
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