Journal articles: 'NNPs'

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Hossain, Mohammad Sharif, Muhammed Shah Miran, Md Rokonujjaman, Md Abu Bin Hasan Susan, M. Yousuf A. Mollah, and MM Rahman. "Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles Using Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) As A Capping Agent." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 40, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v40i2.46018.

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Nickel nanoparticies (NNPs) were synthesized by reduction of nickel (II) using poiy(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a capping agent. The NNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The addition of PVA has been found to profoundly influence the size, agglomeration and distribution of NNPs. The average diameters of NNPs are in the range of 3-7 nm in presence of PVA. XRD data indicate that NNPs are crystalline with face centered cubic structures. SEM images show the existence of secondary structures such as clusters and loops resulted from interactions between particles. The sizes of the NNPs were by and large uniform due to the use of PVA as the capping agent. FT-IR and thermogravimetric analyses confirm the interaction of PVA w ith NNPs to offer improved thermal stability Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 197-205, December 2014

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Vieux, Florent, Lisa Privet, and Gabriel Masset. "Food- and diet-based validations of a Nestlé Nutrient Profiling System for reformulation in two nationally representative surveys." British Journal of Nutrition 120, no. 9 (October 24, 2018): 1056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518002490.

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AbstractThe Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) has been developed to guide food and beverage reformulation. The WHO published guidelines to develop and validate nutrient profiling systems. The objective was to conduct validation tests of the NNPS following principles of the WHO guidelines. French (Individual and National Survey on food Consumption 2006–2007) and the USA (National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011–2012) nationally representative dietary surveys were used. NNPS outcomes (PASS, FAIL, out-of-scope) of foods were compared with the validated UK Ofcom nutrient profiling system outcomes. Contributions of NNPS outcomes to energy intakes were compared between diets nutritional quality classes defined by two methods: based on a food-based quality indicator (Programme National Nutrition Santé Guideline Score in France, Healthy Eating Index 2010 in the USA) or on a combination of three nutrient-based indicators (mean adequacy ratio, mean excess ratio and energy density). In both countries, food items with a NNPS FAIL outcome had a lower nutritional quality according to the UK Ofcom, with an overall agreement between the two systems of 75·7 % in France and 68·8 % in the USA. In both countries, a high (respectively, low) contribution of NNPS PASS (respectively, NNPS FAIL) was positively associated with diet healthiness. Absolute associations were stronger between the contribution of NNPS FAIL products and measures of diet healthiness. Foods and beverages reaching NNPS standards appeared to have a higher nutritional quality and would be more likely to contribute to healthier diets, mainly linked to a reduction of nutrients to limit.

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Waltman, Patricia, and Laura Schenk. "Neonatal Ethical Decision Making: Where Does the NNP Fit In?" Neonatal Network 18, no. 8 (December 1999): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.18.8.27.

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Neonatal nurse practitioners are frequently confronted with ethical dilemmas in the NICU. This article reflects on the historical basis of ethical decision making and the issues some novice NNPs face today regarding their participation in the decision-making process. It examines various educational strategies that can be used to help NNPs to develop the skills they need to participate collaboratively in ethical decision making in the NICU. It concludes with recommendations for further research.

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Carneiro, J. O., V. Teixeira, S. Azevedo, F. Fernandes, and J. Neves. "Development of Photocatalytic Ceramic Materials through the Deposition of TiO₂ Nanoparticles Layers." Journal of Nano Research 18-19 (July 2012): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.18-19.165.

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Urbanism and communities centralization enlarges atmospheric pollution that affects both human beings as well as their constructed buildings. Different scientific and technological studies are being conducted, both in academic and construction industry, aiming the development of new construction materials with properties that can decrease visual pollution of cities, reducing also the number of cleanings required. The present research work aims the study and the production of self-cleaning ceramic surfaces in an economical and viable way without changing aesthetical aspect of material substrates used. The use of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NNPs) represents an attractive way to generate self-cleaning surfaces, therefore promoting the degradation of pollutant agents and reducing cleaning maintenance costs. In order to impart self-cleaning properties to ceramic surfaces, TiO2-NNPs based layers were deposited on different ceramic material substrates using the dip-coating method. The Photocatalytic activity (degradation of pollutants adsorbed on the surface) of the TiO2-NNPs based layers was characterized via the decomposition rate of an aqueous solution of Methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation. Colourless layers were successfully produced onto gray and white ceramic substrates using this sol-gel technique, without changing their aesthetical appearance. It was observed that the best photocatalytic activity was exhibited by the most porous ceramic substrate (gray); nevertheless, all the TiO2-NNPs coated ceramic surfaces showed good photocatalytic efficiency.

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Dalavi, Dattatray K., Sonali B. Suryawanshi, Govind B. Kolekar, and Shivajirao R. Patil. "AIEE active SDS stabilized 2-naphthol nanoparticles as a novel fluorescent sensor for the selective recognition of crystal violet: application to environmental analysis." Analytical Methods 10, no. 20 (2018): 2360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ay00328a.

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Gondikas, Andreas, Frank von der Kammer, Ralf Kaegi, Olga Borovinskaya, Elisabeth Neubauer, Jana Navratilova, Antonia Praetorius, Geert Cornelis, and Thilo Hofmann. "Where is the nano? Analytical approaches for the detection and quantification of TiO2 engineered nanoparticles in surface waters." Environmental Science: Nano 5, no. 2 (2018): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7en00952f.

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Rodríguez-Díaz, Roberto, Víctor Javier Colino-Rabanal, Alejandra Gutierrez-López, and María José Blanco-Villegas. "Effect of Protected Areas on Human Populations in the Context of Colombian Armed Conflict, 2005–2018." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010146.

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It is widely recognised that conservation policies in protected areas must also favour the development and viability of human populations. Although much research has focused on economic consequences, understanding the real impact of conservation on local populations requires a more holistic standpoint. Using quasi-experimental matching methods and a diachronic perspective, the biodemographic and socio-economic effects of Colombia’s National Natural Parks (NNPs) were evaluated (all in a context of internal conflict and post-conflict). The analyses were made for the set of NNPs and then grouped into four natural regions (Andes, Caribbean, Amazon-Orinoquía and Pacific) and two conflict intensities. Differences were found mainly for NNPs with low-intensity conflict, but only for biodemographic variables, not for socio-economic ones. Starting from a situation of disadvantage, a relative improvement in the conditions of the NNP municipalities was observed throughout the 13-year period in relation to the control group. Results should be taken with caution due to the conflict situation, but the lack of correlation between biodemographic and socio-economic aspects highlights the need to include more complex approaches in protected area management policies.

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Li, Tao, and XiaoJie Liu. "An intelligent neural network programming system (NNPS)." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 35, no. 3 (March 2000): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/351159.351176.

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Mitchell, Alba, John Watts, Robin Whyte, Susan Blatz, Geoffrey R. Norman, Gordon H. Guyatt, Doris Southwell, Mabel Hunsberger, and Bosco Paes. "Evaluation of Graduating Neonatal Nurse Practitioners." Pediatrics 88, no. 4 (October 1, 1991): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.88.4.789.

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To compare the knowledge and problem-solving, communication, and clinical skills of graduating neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) and pediatric residents, a cohort study was conducted in a 33-bed tertiary-level neonatal intensive care unit in a 400-bed teaching hospital affiliated with a faculty of health sciences. Participants were all (n = 10) NNP graduates from the first 3 years of the educational program and 13 (87%) of 15 second-year pediatric residents. One hundred multiple-choice questions and 20 radiographic slides were used to test knowledge; a semistructured oral examination tested problem-solving skills; three simulated interactions with parents tested communication skills; and seven simulated procedures tested clinical skills. Graduating NNPs scored similarly to the pediatric residents on the multiple-choice questions (difference –3.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] around difference –9.7, 2.9), radiographs (difference –1.4%; 95% CI –11.5, 8.7), oral examination (difference 2.8%; 95% CI –11.1, 16.7), communication skills (simulated parents assessment: difference 0.8%; 95% CI –4.2, 5.7; expert observer assessment: difference 5.8%; 95% CI –2.8, 14.3), and clinical skills (difference 7.4%; 95% CI –5.5, 20.2). The NNPs about to graduate from their educational program showed knowledge and problem-solving, communication, and clinical skills equivalent to those of second-year pediatric residents and are thus likely to deliver comparable care in the clinical setting. The results support the adoption of the NNP role.

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Kuramoto, Taku, Shinya Takarabe, Kazutoshi Okamura, Kenshi Shiotsuki, Yusuke Shibayama, Hiroki Tsuru, Hiroshi Akamine, et al. "Effect of differences in pixel size on image characteristics of digital intraoral radiographic systems: a physical and visual evaluation." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 6 (September 1, 2020): 20190378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190378.

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Objectives: To quantify and validate the effect of pixel size on a digital intraoral radiographic system according to International Electrotechnical Commission standards through physical and visual evaluations. Methods: The digital intraoral radiographic system used was the photostimulable phosphor imaging plate and scanner system. The system had three image capture modes: high-speed (HS), high-resolution (HR), and super high-resolution (SHR) with different pixels. The physical characteristics of the system were evaluated using presampled modulation transfer function (MTF) and the normalized noise power spectrum (NNPS). An aluminum (Al) step phantom with different depths of holes was used to acquire images under various exposure conditions. The average number of perceptible holes from all steps was plotted against each exposure dose. The results were compared to analyze the effects of pixel size on image quality of intraoral radiographs. Results: The MTF was slightly higher with SHR than with HR and HS. The NNPS with SHR showed about a 40% decrease in magnitude compared to HS. The total number of perceptible holes in the Al step phantom was higher with SHR than with HS and HR in all exposure conditions. Conclusions: The MTF and NNPS obtained with different pixel size could be quantified by physical evaluation, and the differences were visually validated with Al step phantom. The SHR mode has the potential to decrease the radiation dose without compromising the image quality.

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Peregrym, M., O. Vasyliuk, and E. Pénzesné Kónya. "Artificial Light at Night as a New Threat for Nature Conservation in Ukraine." Vestnik Zoologii 53, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0041.

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Abstract Human society benefits a lot from artificial light at night (ALAN), but in the same time it has led to a significant increase in light pollution of the night sky during the past decades. It has serious consequences on reproduction, navigation, foraging, habitat selection, communication, trophic and social interactions of the biota. Also widespread incursion of ALAN within protected areas has been evidenced for some countries, including the National Nature Parks (NNPs), Biosphere and Nature Reserves in the Steppe Zone and Crimea Mountains of Ukraine. However, the common situation with ALAN impact on protected areas within Ukraine is unclear yet. This research attempted to estimate the level of light pollution on the NNPs, Biosphere and Nature Reserves in the Forest, Forest-Steppe zones and Carpathian Mountains within Ukraine. Kmz layers of these protected areas and the New World Atlas of Artificial Sky Brightness, through Google Earth Pro, were used to calculate the level of artificial sky brightness for 33 NNPs, 2 Biosphere Reserves and 9 Nature Reserves. The results show that majority of studied protected areas are impacted by ALAN, but some of them stay almost under the dark sky still. The situation is unique for Europe, therefore these areas have the special value for biodiversity conservation and can be recognized as refugia where natural habitats are not influenced by ALAN. Based on obtained results, recommendations for improving of nature conservation management are given in the context of ALAN problem.

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Selvaratnam, Balaranjan, Ranjit T. Koodali, and Pere Miró. "Prediction of optoelectronic properties of Cu2O using neural network potential." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 26 (2020): 14910–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01112f.

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Neural network potentials (NNPs) can be used to predict energy and forces at a fraction of the computational cost compared to density functional theory (DFT). In this work, we extend this approach to predict optoelectronic properties.

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Hatch, Julie. "The Role of the Neonatal Nurse Practitioner in the Community Hospital Level I Nursery." Neonatal Network 31, no. 3 (2012): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.31.3.141.

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Neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) have played a significant role in providing medical coverage to many of the country’s Level III neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Extensive education and experience are required for a nurse practitioner (NP) to become competent in caring for these critically ill newborns. The NNP can take this competence and experience and expand her role out into the community Level I nurseries. Clinical care of the infants and close communication with parents, pediatricians, and the area tertiary center provide a community service with the goal of keeping parents and babies together in the community hospital without compromising the health of the baby. The NNP service, with 24-hour nursery and delivery coverage, supports an ongoing obstetric service to the community hospital. The NNP’s experience enables her to provide a neonatal service that encompasses a multitude of advanced practice nursing roles.

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Ehrhardt, Elizabeth. "Addressing NNP Shortages in a Level IV NICU: A Solution in Your Own Backyard." Neonatal Network 40, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832/11-t-649.

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NICUs have evolved in the last 20 years. Patients are being rescued at earlier gestation, and with this comes potential sequelae and complex issues throughout the hospitalization. As a result, there is an increased need for experienced, well-rounded neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) to care for these patients. Staff ratios are slow to catch up to the needs of the patients; NNPs are often caring for 15–30 patients at a time. This can leave the provider with a sense of not providing good enough care, burnout, and disillusionment with the reasons they entered school to become an NNP. This article provides a unique alternative to improve staffing ratios of students who are already familiar with not only the NICU, but your NICU: Relationships have been established and engagement of the unit is already present in the candidates.

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Jurásková, Veronika, Frederic Célerse, Ruben Laplaza, and Clemence Corminboeuf. "Assessing the persistence of chalcogen bonds in solution with neural network potentials." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 15 (April 21, 2022): 154112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085153.

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Non-covalent bonding patterns are commonly harvested as a design principle in the field of catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, and functional materials to name a few. Yet, their computational description generally neglects finite temperature and environment effects, which promote competing interactions and alter their static gas-phase properties. Recently, neural network potentials (NNPs) trained on density functional theory (DFT) data have become increasingly popular to simulate molecular phenomena in condensed phase with an accuracy comparable to ab initio methods. To date, most applications have centered on solid-state materials or fairly simple molecules made of a limited number of elements. Herein, we focus on the persistence and strength of chalcogen bonds involving a benzotelluradiazole in condensed phase. While the tellurium-containing heteroaromatic molecules are known to exhibit pronounced interactions with anions and lone pairs of different atoms, the relevance of competing intermolecular interactions, notably with the solvent, is complicated to monitor experimentally but also challenging to model at an accurate electronic structure level. Here, we train direct and baselined NNPs to reproduce hybrid DFT energies and forces in order to identify what the most prevalent non-covalent interactions occurring in a solute-Cl−–THF mixture are. The simulations in explicit solvent highlight the clear competition with chalcogen bonds formed with the solvent and the short-range directionality of the interaction with direct consequences for the molecular properties in the solution. The comparison with other potentials (e.g., AMOEBA, direct NNP, and continuum solvent model) also demonstrates that baselined NNPs offer a reliable picture of the non-covalent interaction interplay occurring in solution.

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Cates, Leigh Ann, Sheryl Bishop, Debra Armentrout, Terese Verklan, Jennifer Arnold, and Cara Doughty. "Initial Development of C.A.T.E.S.: A Simulation-Based Competency Assessment Instrument for Neonatal Nurse Practitioners." Neonatal Network 34, no. 6 (2015): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.34.6.329.

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AbstractPurpose: Determine content validity of global statements and operational definitions and choose scenarios for Competency, Assessment, Technology, Education, and Simulation (C.A.T.E.S.), instrument in development to evaluate multidimensional competency of neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs).Design: Real-time Delphi (RTD) method to pursue four specific aims (SAs): (1) identify which cognitive, technical, or behavioral dimension of NNP competency accurately reflects each global statement; (2) map the global statements to the National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NANNP) core competency domains; (3) define operational definitions for the novice to expert performance subscales; and (4) determine the essential scenarios to assess NNPs.Sample: Twenty-five NNPs and nurses with competency and simulation experienceMain outcome variable: One hundred percent of global statements correct for competency dimension and all but two correct for NANNP domain. One hundred percent novice to expert operational definitions and eight scenarios chosen.Results: Content validity determined for global statements and novice to expert definitions and essential scenarios chosen.

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Montaño, Manuel D., Gregory V. Lowry, Frank von der Kammer, Julie Blue, and James F. Ranville. "Current status and future direction for examining engineered nanoparticles in natural systems." Environmental Chemistry 11, no. 4 (2014): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en14037.

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Environmental context The detection and characterisation of engineered nanomaterials in the environment is essential for exposure and risk assessment for this emerging class of materials. However, the ubiquitous presence of naturally occurring nanomaterials presents a unique challenge for the accurate determination of engineered nanomaterials in environmental matrices. New techniques and methodologies are being developed to overcome some of these issues by taking advantage of subtle differences in the elemental and isotopic ratios within these nanomaterials. Abstract The increasing manufacture and implementation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) will continue to lead to the release of these materials into the environment. Reliably assessing the environmental exposure risk of ENMs will depend highly on the ability to quantify and characterise these materials in environmental samples. However, performing these measurements is obstructed by the complexity of environmental sample matrices, physiochemical processes altering the state of the ENM and the high background of naturally occurring nanoparticles (NNPs), which may be similar in size, shape and composition to their engineered analogues. Current analytical techniques can be implemented to overcome some of these obstacles, but the ubiquity of NNPs presents a unique challenge requiring the exploitation of properties that discriminate engineered and natural nanomaterials. To this end, new techniques are being developed that take advantage of the nature of ENMs to discern them from naturally occurring analogues. This paper reviews the current techniques utilised in the detection and characterisation of ENMs in environmental samples as well as discusses promising new approaches to overcome the high backgrounds of NNPs. Despite their occurrence in the atmosphere and soil, this review will be limited to a discussion of aqueous-based samples containing ENMs, as this environment will serve as a principal medium for the environmental dispersion of ENMs.

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Juretschke, Linda. "Ethical Dilemmas and the Nurse Practitioner in the NICU." Neonatal Network 20, no. 1 (February 2001): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.20.1.37.

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With the emergence of advanced practice roles for nurses, including the role of the neonatal nurse practitioner (NNP), nurses are increasingly being placed in the position of making difficult decisions, especially in acute or emergency situations. NNPs, therefore, must have a working knowledge of the ethical decision-making process in order to make appropriate decisions at the bedside.

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Brandão, Renann De Faria, Rodrigo De Barros Vimieiro, Lucas Rodrigues Borges, Renato França Caron, and Marcelo Andrade Costa Vieira. "Evaluating the simulation of radiation dose reduction in a digital breast tomosynthesis system featuring an amorphous silicon (a-Si) detector." Revista Brasileira de Física Médica 13, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29384/rbfm.2019.v13.n2.p30-34.

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The validation of many dose optimization methods in x-ray imaging requires clinical images from a range of signal-to-ratio regimes. This data is commonly generated through computer simulation. For this purpose, our group developed a method to simulate dose reduction for digital breast tomosynthesis. In the previous work, tests were performed in a system that features an amorphous selenium detector with minimal pixel correlation. In the current work, we evaluate the simulation performance in an amorphous silicon system, which yields a relevant pixel correlation. Signal and noise characteristics in real and simulated images were measured using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the normalized noise power spectrum (NNPS). The simulation method assessment was performed through the average relative error between simulated and real images. The SNR results point to an error of less than 2.5% between the images. The noise correlation influence was verified through the NNPS. The tests pointed to errors up to 55% between the real and simulated images when the correlation kernel is not considered, whereas the error considering the correlation kernel was kept around 5.5%. Therefore, the results show that the correlation kernel is a relevant factor to be considered when simulating amorphous silicon systems.

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McCarthy, Dean, Mr David Caldwell, and Patrick Kenny. "NORMALISED NOISE POWER SPECTRUM (NNPS) AS A FLUOROSCOPIC SYSTEM OPTIMISATION TOOL." Physica Medica 104 (December 2022): S88—S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1120-1797(22)02321-3.

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Bowen, Nicole. "The Role of the NNP in Facilitating Family-Centered Care." Neonatal Network 26, no. 4 (July 2007): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.26.4.271.

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THE NEONATAL NURSE practitioner (NNP) has come a long way since the 1970s. A profession that was once educated in certificate programs is now one in which each nurse practitioner is master’s prepared. The practitioner role has evolved from one of limited scope to its form as originally intended—an effective part of the collaborative team. The neonatal nurse practitioner collaborates not only with a physician, but with the entire NICU staff and family members. NNPs are excellent examples of the health care team approach that combines educated, research-based care with compassionate family-centered objectives.

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Moss, Colleen, and Joanie Jackson. "Mentoring New Graduate Nurse Practitioners." Neonatal Network 38, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.38.3.151.

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There is a critical shortage of neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs) in the United States. The NNP shortage increases workload and negatively affects job satisfaction, which ultimately impacts patient safety. Therefore, it is imperative to identify strategies to improve job satisfaction and retention. Authors of current evidence supported the connection between mentoring and role transition, job satisfaction, and intent to stay. Mentorship is key to the success of new graduate nurse practitioners as they develop confidence in the nurse practitioner (NP) role. The aim of this integrative review is to examine the existing evidence regarding mentoring of advanced practice nurses and the potential impact on the NNP workforce.

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Yuhara, Toshiyuki, and Tomokazu Numano. "Examinations for creating an image of unacquired dose from the images of two types of dose in digital radiography." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (July 27, 2021): 597–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-200807.

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BACKGROUND: Digital radiography (DR) is grayscale adjustable and it can be unclear whether an acquired DR image is captured with the minimum radiation dose required. It is necessary to make an image of the amount of noise when taken at a lower dose than the acquired image, without increased exposure. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether an image of unacquired dose can be created from two types of dose DR images acquired using a phantom. METHODS: To create an additive image from two images of different doses, the pixel value of one image is multiplied by a coefficient and added to the other. The normalized noise power spectra (NNPS) of the normal image and the additive image with the same signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are compared. The image noise of the unacquired doses is estimated from the graph changes of the pixel values and standard deviations of two images. The error between the SNR of the image obtained by changing the dose and the estimated SNR is measured. We propose a multiplication coefficient calculation formula that theoretically adjusts the additive image to the target SNR. The SNR error of the image created based on this formula is measured. RESULTS: The NNPS curves of the additive and normal images show a difference on the high frequency side. According to the statistics considering the preset of mAs value, there is no significant difference at 85%. The SNR estimation error is approximately 1%. The SNR error of the additive image created based on the formula is approximately 5%. CONCLUSION: The noise of the image of unacquired dose can be estimated, and the additive image adjusted to this value can be considered equivalent to the image taken at the actual dose.

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Durán Caballero, Laura, Christoph Schran, Fabien Brieuc, and Dominik Marx. "Neural network interaction potentials for para-hydrogen with flexible molecules." Journal of Chemical Physics 157, no. 7 (August 21, 2022): 074302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0100953.

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The study of molecular impurities in para-hydrogen ( pH2) clusters is key to push forward our understanding of intra- and intermolecular interactions, including their impact on the superfluid response of this bosonic quantum solvent. This includes tagging with only one or very few pH2, the microsolvation regime for intermediate particle numbers, and matrix isolation with many solvent molecules. However, the fundamental coupling between the bosonic pH2 environment and the (ro-)vibrational motion of molecular impurities remains poorly understood. Quantum simulations can, in principle, provide the necessary atomistic insight, but they require very accurate descriptions of the involved interactions. Here, we present a data-driven approach for the generation of impurity⋯ pH2 interaction potentials based on machine learning techniques, which retain the full flexibility of the dopant species. We employ the well-established adiabatic hindered rotor (AHR) averaging technique to include the impact of the nuclear spin statistics on the symmetry-allowed rotational quantum numbers of pH2. Embedding this averaging procedure within the high-dimensional neural network potential (NNP) framework enables the generation of highly accurate AHR-averaged NNPs at coupled cluster accuracy, namely, explicitly correlated coupled cluster single, double, and scaled perturbative triples, CCSD(T*)-F12a/aVTZcp, in an automated manner. We apply this methodology to the water and protonated water molecules as representative cases for quasi-rigid and highly flexible molecules, respectively, and obtain AHR-averaged NNPs that reliably describe the corresponding H2O⋯ pH2 and H3O+⋯ pH2 interactions. Using path integral simulations, we show for the hydronium cation, H3O+, that umbrella-like tunneling inversion has a strong impact on the first and second pH2 microsolvation shells. The automated and data-driven nature of our protocol opens the door to the study of bosonic pH2 quantum solvation for a wide range of embedded impurities.

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Caldwell, D., P. Baldelli, N. Phelan, and P. Kenny. "A statistical alternative to current measures of image quality in digital mammography." Physics in Medicine & Biology 67, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 035009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac4c2d.

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Abstract Objective. Mammogram image quality in European breast screening systems is defined by threshold gold thickness (T) assessment of the CDMAM contrast-detail phantom. Previous studies have outlined several limitations of the phantom including expense, number of images required and inter-phantom manufacturing variability. Two alternative approaches to image quality assessment for routine quality control are examined and compared to the CDMAM technique: (i) A detectability index (d′) based on a non-prewhitened model observer with an eye filter (NPWE) and (ii) A statistical estimate of contrast based on image noise levels (CSTAT ). Approach. The d′ calculation follows a previously published methodology based on the NNPS and contrast, both measured from an image of 5 cm of PMMA containing a 0.2 mm Al target, as well as the MTF measured under standard conditions. For the proposed statistical method, pixels in the centre of the same NNPS image were re-binned into a range of equivalent CDMAM target areas. For any area, the minimum contrast necessary to distinguish a signal from the background, CSTAT , is 3.29σ at a 95% level of confidence, where σ is the standard deviation of the background pixels. Theoretical analysis predicts a simple relationships between CSTAT , T and d′. Measured values of CSTAT were compared to T and d′ as a function of air kerma at the detector for ten digital mammography systems from three different manufacturers. Main Results. Theoretical relationships between CSTAT , d′ and T were demonstrated. Minimum acceptable image quality performance for 0.10 and 0.25 mm diameter discs, defined by the European Guidelines in terms of T, are equivalent to d′ values of 0.85 and 5.36 and threshold CSTAT values of 0.055 and 0.022. Significance. Strong correlations between log(T), log(d′) and log(CSTAT ) suggest that either alternative approach produces information corresponding to that obtained using the CDMAM. CSTAT should be considered as a simple, objective and cost-effective alternative to routine image quality assessment in mammography.

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Teague, Amanda H., Amy J. Jnah, and Desi Newberry. "Intraprofessional Excellence in Nursing: Collaborative Strategies for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome." Neonatal Network 34, no. 6 (2015): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.34.6.320.

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AbstractNeonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a growing public health concern, one that costs the health care system $190–$720 million each year. Recently, state-level perinatal quality collaborative groups have disseminated NAS action plans: customizable frameworks aimed to assist health care systems in identifying, evaluating, treating, and coordinating discharge services for neonates with NAS. Hospital-based neonatal nursing quality improvement teams, including neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs), neonatal clinical nurse specialists (CNSs), and clinical neonatal nurses, by virtue of their collective academic, administrative, and practical years of experience, are ideally positioned to develop, implement, and evaluate NAS care bundles. The article’s purpose is to discuss key elements of an NAS care bundle using the framework of the Perinatal Quality Collaborative of North Carolina NAS action plan as an exemplar. Discussion of evidence-based and nursing-driven metrics will be followed by a discussion of the emerging concept of an inpatient-to-outpatient transitional care NAS management model.

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Hernández-Sierra, Juan Francisco, Othir Galicia-Cruz, Angélica Salinas-Acosta, Facundo Ruíz, Mauricio Pierdant-Pérez, and Amaury Pozos-Guillén. "In vitro Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles on Human Periodontal Fibroblasts." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 36, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.36.1.d677647166398886.

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Silver nanoparticles (NNPs) are extensively used for all kinds of antimicrobial applications in medical research. Their efficacy has been demonstrated against Streptococcus mutans, which is associated with dental caries. However, their cytotoxic effects on human periodontal tissue are not completely understood.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic cellular effects of different concentrations and sizes of silver nanoparticles, less than 10 nm, 15–20 nm, and 80–100 nm, respectively, on human periodontal fibroblasts. Study design: Primary culture cells isolated from human periodontal tissue were exposed to 0–1,000 µM silver nanoparticles of each size for 24-, 72-, and 168-hour periods. Cytotoxicity was evaluated with a nonradioactive, soluble MTS/PMS assay. Results: The results demonstrated that silver nanoparticles of less than 20 nm increased cytotoxicity in human periodontal fibroblasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: The 80–100-nm-sized nanoparticles did not modify the viability of human primary culture cells.

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Root, Adrian A., and Liam Smeeth. "NNTs and NNHs: handle with care." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 656 (February 23, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x689797.

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Jeon, Hosang, Hyunduk Kim, Bo Kyung Cha, Jong Yul Kim, Gyuseong Cho, Yong Hyun Chung, and Jong-Il Yun. "Performance evaluation for pinhole collimators of small gamma camera by MTF and NNPS analysis: Monte Carlo simulation study." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 604, no. 1-2 (June 2009): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.037.

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Hernández-Sierra, Juan Francisco, Facundo Ruíz, Juan Pablo Castanedo-Cázares, Vera Martinez-Ruiz, Peter Mandeville, Mauricio Pierdant-Pérez, Antonio Gordillo-Moscoso, and Amaury de J Pozos-Guillén. "In vitro Determination of the Chromatic Effect of a Silver Nanoparticles Solution Linked to the Gantrez S-97 Copolymer on Tooth Enamel." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 35, no. 1 (September 1, 2010): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.35.1.f466p70100253643.

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Silver nanoparticles (NNPs), alone or in combination with the bioadhesive Gantrez S-97, have demonstrated their efficacy against Streptococcus mutans; however, it is not known if this combination changes the color of teeth. The aim of this work was to measure the color changes occurring after the use of a Gantrez-NNP combination on enamel tooth blocks. Two study groups were randomly formed: enamel blocks brushed with a) the Gantrez-NNP combination and b) conventional toothpaste, for 1 minute once daily for 4 weeks, then rinsed with distilled water and placed in thymol solution. Color changes in the enamel blocks were measured using a Minolta colorimeter CR300. Analysis of mixed models was performed with R 2.10.1 at a 95%confidence level, using the nonlinear mixed effects (NLME) package. The results showed that there were no color changes over time, only a high luminosity equal in both groups. Our study showed that the use of the Gantrez-NNP combination is safe with respect to dental esthetics in the control of S. mutans.

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Michail, Christos. "Image Quality Assessment of a CMOS/Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce,F X-Ray Sensor." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/874637.

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The aim of the present study was to examine the image quality performance of a CMOS digital imaging optical sensor coupled to custom made gadolinium oxysulfide powder scintillators, doped with praseodymium, cerium, and fluorine (Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce,F). The screens, with coating thicknesses 35.7 and 71.2 mg/cm2, were prepared in our laboratory from Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce,F powder (Phosphor Technology, Ltd.) by sedimentation on silica substrates and were placed in direct contact with the optical sensor. Image quality was determined through single index (information capacity, IC) and spatial frequency dependent parameters, by assessing the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and the Normalized Noise Power Spectrum (NNPS). The MTF was measured using the slanted-edge method. The CMOS sensor/Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce,F screens combinations were irradiated under the RQA-5 (IEC 62220-1) beam quality. The detector response function was linear for the exposure range under investigation. Under the general radiography conditions, both Gd2O2S:Pr,Ce,F screen/CMOS combinations exhibited moderate imaging properties, in terms of IC, with previously published scintillators, such as CsI:Tl, Gd2O2S:Tb, and Gd2O2S:Eu.

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Matsuda, Yoshinori, and Hideyoshi Toyoda. "Target-Size-Dependent Application of Electrostatic Techniques for Pest Management in Greenhouses." Agronomy 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010125.

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Two new electrostatic devices were developed to manage greenhouse insect pests. One was an electrostatic insect catcher (EIC) to trap small flying pests, and the other was an arc-discharge zapper (ADZ) to kill larger insects emerging from soil beds. The EIC consisted of negatively charged insulated conductor plates (NIPs) and grounded conductor plates (GCPs), which were alternately arrayed in parallel at defined intervals. The ADZ had the same framework as the EIC, except that the NIPs were replaced with negatively charged non-insulated iron plates (NNPs). The EIC formed a non-discharging electric field between the NIP and GCP to create an attractive force to capture insects. By contrast, the ADZ formed a discharge-generating electric field between the NNP and GCP that killed insects. The EIC was effectively applied to small pests, such as whiteflies, thrips, leaf miners, winged aphids, and shore flies, that can pass through the conventional insect-proof nets installed on greenhouse windows. The ADZ was effective for adult houseflies emerging from pupae in soil beds. Our electrostatic devices are useful for controlling insect pests of different sizes.

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Kemple, Terry. "NNTs and NNHs: essential for rational prescribing." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 656 (February 23, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x689785x.

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Ibrahim, Said M. A., and Ismail M. A. Aggour. "Adverse Effects of Condenser Cooling Seawater Temperature, Fouling, and Salinity on the Output Power and Thermal Efficiency of BWR NNPs." Journal of Mechanical Materials and Mechanics Research 5, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jmmmr.v5i1.4617.

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Increasing the thermal efficiency in newly designed power stations is a priority. Keeping the efficiency in existed plants close to the rated one is of paramount importance. This research contributes to investigating the adverse effects of changes in condenser seawater coolant characteristics, (temperature, fouling, and salinity), on the thermal performance of a Boiling Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant (BWR) NPP. A mathematical model is developed to relate seawater cooling temperature, fouling, and salinity to output power and thermal efficiency. The model also explains the impact of the condenser performance on power and efficiency. The thermal efficiency of the considered BWR NPP is reduced by 2.26% for a combined extreme increases in the condenser cooling seawater temperature, fouling factor of seawater and treated boiler feed water, and salinity by 10 °C, 0.0002, 0.00001 m2K/W, and 100 g/kg, respectively. A rise in the condenser efficiency from 40 - 100 % results in an increase in the output power by 7.049%, and the thermal efficiency increases by about 2.62%. Conclusions are useful for reactor’s design

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Linardatos, Dionysios, Vaia Koukou, Niki Martini, Anastasios Konstantinidis, Athanasios Bakas, George Fountos, Ioannis Valais, and Christos Michail. "On the Response of a Micro Non-Destructive Testing X-ray Detector." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 13, 2021): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040888.

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Certain imaging performance metrics are examined for a state-of-the-art 20 μm pixel pitch CMOS sensor (RadEye HR), coupled to a Gd2O2S:Tb scintillator screen. The signal transfer property (STP), the modulation transfer function (MTF), the normalized noise power spectrum (NNPS) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were estimated according to the IEC 62220-1-1:2015 standard. The detector exhibits excellent linearity (coefficient of determination of the STP linear regression fit, R2 was 0.9978), while its DQE peaks at 33% and reaches 10% at a spatial frequency of 3 cycles/mm, for the measured with a Piranha RTI dosimeter (coefficient of variation CV = 0.03%) exposure value of 28.1 μGy DAK (detector Air Kerma). The resolution capabilities of the X-ray detector under investigation were compared to other commercial CMOS sensors, and were found in every case higher, except from the previous RadEye HR model (CMOS—Gd2O2S:Tb screen pair with 22.5 μm pixel pitch) version which had slightly better MTF. The present digital imager is designed for industrial inspection applications, nonetheless its applicability to medical imaging, as well as dual-energy is considered and certain approaches are discussed in this respect.

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Nash, Patricia. "Fetal Fibronectin: What Does It Mean?" Neonatal Network 29, no. 6 (November 2010): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.29.6.385.

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LIKE MANY STAFF NURSES AND neonatal nurse practitioners (NNPs), I work at two different hospitals as part of my full-time job and at a third hospital in a PRN position. Working at several different institutions affords the opportunity for multiple and varied learning experiences. One of the hospitals is a busy center for high-risk labor and delivery. As part of the NNP duties there, I attend board report three times per day. This entails a detailed discussion of all women in labor and delivery, primarily focusing on the high-risk patients. Fetal fibronectin (fFN) is a common topic of discussion during board report. I thought that fFN helped the perinatologist determine whether or not the woman was in labor and in imminent danger of delivery, but that was all I knew. Like other authors of articles in this column, I used my knowledge deficit as the impetus to research this topic. Therefore, this column briefly discusses the burden of preterm delivery and the methods used to identify women at risk for preterm birth. It focuses specifically on fFN: what it is, how it is measured, what the test means, and the predictive value of the test.

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Sakhipgareev, A., A. Shlepkin, and A. Morozov. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE FEATURES OF PROCESS OF SOLUBILITY OF BORIC ACID IN STEAM DURING OF BOILING OF THE COOLANT OF THE WWER IN CASE OF ACCIDENT." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2021, no. 3 (September 26, 2021): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2021-3-167-173.

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The results of experimental studies of the solubility of boric acid in steam in the concentration range of 16-440 g/kg H2O and the pressure range of 0.1-0.3 MPa is considered in the article. An analysis of the literature data on the solubility of boric acid in steam showed that the results do not cover the entire range of parameters (temperature, pressure, concentration of boric acid) typical of a possible emergency situation at NNPs with the WWER. In paper the test facility is described. The obtained experimental results confirm the data available in the literature that the change in the concentration of boric acid in steam is described by a linear law. The range of application of the dependence of the distribution of H3BO3 between the liquid and steam phases of the boiling coolant has been expanded to a concentration of 440 g/kg H2O, which is close to the solubility limit of boric acid in water at a pressure of 0.3 MPa. The obtained experimental data can be used in the calculating of the emergency at nuclear power plants with WWER, taking into account the operating of passive safety systems.

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Sobash, Ryan A., Glen S. Romine, and Craig S. Schwartz. "A Comparison of Neural-Network and Surrogate-Severe Probabilistic Convective Hazard Guidance Derived from a Convection-Allowing Model." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 1981–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-20-0036.1.

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AbstractA feed-forward neural network (NN) was trained to produce gridded probabilistic convective hazard predictions over the contiguous United States. Input fields to the NN included 174 predictors, derived from 38 variables output by 497 convection-allowing model forecasts, with observed severe storm reports used for training and verification. These NN probability forecasts (NNPFs) were compared to surrogate-severe probability forecasts (SSPFs), generated by smoothing a field of surrogate reports derived with updraft helicity (UH). NNPFs and SSPFs were produced each forecast hour on an 80-km grid, with forecasts valid for the occurrence of any severe weather report within 40 or 120 km, and 2 h, of each 80-km grid box. NNPFs were superior to SSPFs, producing statistically significant improvements in forecast reliability and resolution. Additionally, NNPFs retained more large magnitude probabilities (>50%) compared to SSPFs since NNPFs did not use spatial smoothing, improving forecast sharpness. NNPFs were most skillful relative to SSPFs when predicting hazards on larger scales (e.g., 120 vs 40 km) and in situations where using UH was detrimental to forecast skill. These included model spinup, nocturnal periods, and regions and environments where supercells were less common, such as the western and eastern United States and high-shear, low-CAPE regimes. NNPFs trained with fewer predictors were more skillful than SSPFs, but not as skillful as the full-predictor NNPFs, with predictor importance being a function of forecast lead time. Placing NNPF skill in the context of existing baselines is a first step toward integrating machine learning–based forecasts into the operational forecasting process.

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Robinson. "NNTs and NNHs: an individualized way to present benefit and risk." Colorectal Disease 1, no. 1 (January 1999): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-1318.1999.00010.x.

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Hu, Jamie K., Hee-Won Suh, Munibah Qureshi, Julia M. Lewis, Sharon Yaqoob, Zoe M. Moscato, Sofia Griff, et al. "Nonsurgical treatment of skin cancer with local delivery of bioadhesive nanoparticles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 7 (February 1, 2021): e2020575118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020575118.

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Keratinocyte-derived carcinomas, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), comprise the most common malignancies. Surgical excision is the therapeutic standard but is not always clinically feasible, and currently available alternatives are limited to superficial tumors. To address the need for a nonsurgical treatment for nodular skin cancers like SCC, we developed a bioadhesive nanoparticle (BNP) drug delivery system composed of biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic acid)-hyperbranched polyglycerol (PLA-HPG), encapsulating camptothecin (CPT). Nanoparticles (NPs) of PLA-HPG are nonadhesive NPs (NNPs), which are stealthy in their native state, but we have previously shown that conversion of the vicinal diols of HPG to aldehydes conferred NPs the ability to form strong covalent bonds with amine-rich surfaces. Herein, we show that these BNPs have significantly enhanced binding to SCC tumor cell surfaces and matrix proteins, thereby significantly enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of intratumoral drug delivery. Tumor injection of BNP-CPT resulted in tumor retention of CPT at ∼50% at 10 d postinjection, while CPT was undetectable in NNP-CPT or free (intralipid) CPT-injected tumors at that time. BNP-CPT also significantly reduced tumor burden, with a portion (∼20%) of BNP-CPT–treated established tumors showing histologic cure. Larger, more fully established PDV SCC tumors treated with a combination of BNP-CPT and immunostimulating CpG oligodeoxynucleotides exhibited enhanced survival relative to controls, revealing the potential for BNP delivery to be used along with local tumor immunotherapy. Taken together, these results indicate that percutaneous delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent via BNPs, with or without adjuvant immunostimulation, represents a viable, nonsurgical alternative for treating cutaneous malignancy.

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І. М. ДУДАРЄВ, С. Г. ПАНАСЮК, and О. М. КРАГЛИК. "ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ РЕЦЕПТУРНИХ КОМПОЗИЦІЙ ПІЦИ." Товарознавчий вісник 1, no. 15 (February 19, 2022): 328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36910/6775-2310-5283-2022-15-29.

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Мета статті – розроблення математичної моделі для оптимізації рецептурних композицій піци за енергетичною цінністю із урахуванням необхідного співвідношення компонентів начинки піци, вмісту білків, жирів та вуглеводів у них, а також віку споживачів та прийому їжі. Методика. Під час розроблення математичної моделі для оптимізації рецептурних композицій піци використовувався метод лінійного програмування. Результати. Трендом у ресторанному бізнесі є те, що відвідувачі цікавляться калорійністю страв та їх поживною цінністю. Тому, щоб утримати клієнтів та відповідати тенденціям розвитку галузі, ресторатори намагаються ураховувати побажання споживачів, зокрема щодо калорійності та поживності страв. Найбільш поширеною стравою в усьому світі, зокрема серед дітей та молоді, є піца. За рахунок різноманітних начинок цей багатокомпонентний продукт дозволяє задовільнити смакові уподобання будь-якої категорії споживачів. Тому важливо, щоб у піцеріях була можливість коригування та оптимізації рецептурних композицій піци із урахуванням дієти, яка рекомендується для певної вікової групи. Споживачі, які дотримуються здорового способу харчування, повинні обмежуватися споживанням порції піци з енергетичною цінністю до 2510 кДж. Для покращення раціону харчування дітей та молоді рекомендується, щоб рецептурні композиції піци формувалися на основі стандартів Системи харчового профілю Nestlé (Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System – NNPS) або на основі нормативних документів країни, де вона виготовляється. Під час складання рецептурних композицій піци необхідно знати, які обмеження в харчуванні передбачені дієтою та на які продукти можливі алергічні реакції у клієнта. Розроблена математична модель дозволяє проводити оптимізацію рецептурних композицій піци за енергетичною цінністю із урахуванням необхідного співвідношення компонентів начинки піци, вмісту білків, жирів та вуглеводів у них, а також віку споживачів та прийому їжі. Практична значимість. Розроблена математична модель може бути використана під час створення комп’ютерного програмного забезпечення для формування замовлення у піцерії, оскільки дозволяє самостійно клієнту закладу вибрати рецептурну композицію піци та визначити оптимальне співвідношення між обраними компонентами начинки для забезпечення рекомендованої калорійності готового виробу для вікової групи населення, яку представляє клієнт.

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Kravchuk, Yaroslav, and Vitaliy Brusak. "RELIEF AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF HUTSULSHCHYNA AND VERKHOVYNSKYI NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS 02, no. 13 (December 30, 2021): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2021.2.3546.

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Relief and geological structure of Hutsulshchyna and Verkhovynskyi national natural parks (NNP), located in the south-eastern part of the Ukrainian Carpathians, present four geomorphological regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Hutsulshchyna NNP is located in Skybovi Carpathians and Precarpathian Upland. Verkhovynskyi NNP is located in Marmaroski Carpathians and Polonynsko-Chornohirski Carpathians. The analysis of the morphostructure and morphosculpture of national natural parks is carried out taking into account the longitudinal (N-W – S-E) and transverse divisions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The longitudinal division is associated with morphostructures of higher orders, such as the second and third, and the transverse is associated with the fourth and fifth orders of morphostructure. In the analysis of morphosculpture of NNPs, the types which are characteristic of the Carpathian Flysch and Сrystalline Carpathians are allocated. Mountain ranges and ridges such as Sloboda-Rungurska, Pokuttia med-mountains, Hryniava-Losova and Chyvchyn mountains are characterized by an asymmetrical structure – steep northeastern slopes and declivous southwestern slopes. The relic morphosculpture is represented by: 1) fragments of denudation surfaces of different ages such as Polonynska within Verkhovynskyi NPP as well as Karmaturska (analogue of Pidbeskid) within Hutsulshchyna NPP, and riparian; 2) extra and ancient glacial within Verkhovynskyi NPP and extra glacial within Hutsulshchyna NPP; 3) areas of ancient longitudinal valleys. The presence of relict ("dead") river valleys is characteristic of the premountain part of Hutsulshchyna NNP. Modern morphodynamic processes represent by height (tier) differentiation. In the tiers of strongly dissected mеd-mountain and low-mountain relief, the processes of planar erosion, deflux, and linear erosion play an important role in the modelling of the relief. The lower tier of the terraced and non-terraced bottoms of the valleys are associated with the processes of leaching and erosion as well as a significant accumulation of erosion products and mudflows. Among gravitational processes and block motions, stabilized and active displacements are the most recorded. Key words: National natural park; Ukrainian Carpathians; relief; morphostructure; morphosculpture.

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Cruz, Gabriela Medeiros da, Samuel Trezena, Sabina Pena Borges Pêgo, Lívia Máris Ribeiro Paranaíba, Daniella Reis Barbosa Martelli, and Mario Rodrigues de Melo Filho. "Profile evaluation of patients diagnosed with non-neoplastic proliferative lesions in a dentistry clinic." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 18 (April 8, 2019): e191350. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655140.

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Non-neoplastic proliferative lesions (NNPLs) are alterations that affect oral mucosal tissues. The etiology of these lesions is associated with local irritant processes, principally inflammation, infections and mechanical irritants. NNPLs are classified into four groups: inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell lesion. Aim: This cross-sectional, quantitative, retrospective, analytical, informative and educational study aimed to evaluate the profiles of patients who were diagnosed with any non-neoplastic proliferative lesion in the Unimontes Stomatology Clinic, Brazil. Methods: From January 2001 to June 2012, 1505 patients were counted who underwent anatomopathological examination, in addition to evaluations for other conditions. Results: Of these 1505 patients, 223 were diagnosed with some type of non-neoplastic proliferative lesion, and statistical analysis showed that 76% were female and 24% male and that 23.3% were between 41 and 50 years of age. Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia was the most common NNPL (86.5%). Conclusion: Due to the high frequency of these lesions in the dental clinic, this type of survey has significant relevance for informing health professionals about these proliferative processes. This information is necessary, since the dentist is intimately involved in both the etiology, treatment and prevention of these lesions.

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Yu, Jingxin, Yong Wu, Linlin Xu, Junhuan Peng, Guangfeng Chen, Xin Shen, Renping Lan, Chunjiang Zhao, and Lili Zhangzhong. "Evaluating the Hydrus-1D Model Optimized by Remote Sensing Data for Soil Moisture Simulations in the Maize Root Zone." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 6079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236079.

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The Hydrus-1D model is widely used for soil water content (SWC) simulations, wherein the exact configuration of soil hydraulic parameters is key to accuracy. To assess the feasibility of using “low-cost” multi-source remote sensing data to optimize the parameters of the Hydrus-1D model, five types of soil hydrodynamic parameter acquisition methods were designed for comparative evaluation, including the use of default parameters for soil texture types (DSHP), predictions from three and five soil mechanical composition parameters (NNP3/NNP5), inverse solutions from measured historical data (ISHD), and innovative introduction of historical remote sensing data (ERA-5 land reanalysis information and MODIS LAI products) instead of ground measured data for the inverse solution (ISRS). Two spring maize crops were planted in Beijing, China, in 2021 and 2022. Meteorological, soil, and crop data were collected as real measurements of the true values during the growth period. The boundary flux characteristics of the model simulation results were analyzed. The accuracy differences in the five approaches were compared from three perspectives: overall root zone, growth stage, and soil depth. The results showed that (1) evapotranspiration was the main pathway for soil water depletion in the root zone of maize; the actual total evapotranspiration accounted for 68.26 and 69.43% of the total precipitation in 2012 and 2022, respectively. (2) The accuracy of the SWC simulations in the root zone was acceptable for different approaches in the following order: NNP5 (root mean squared error (RMSE) = 5.47%) > ISRS (RMSE = 5.48%) > NNP3 (RMSE = 5.66%) > ISHD (RMSE = 5.68%) > DSHP (RMSE = 6.57%). The ISRS approach based on remote sensing data almost achieved the best performance while effectively reducing the workload and cost. (3) The accuracy of the SWC simulation at different growth stages was ranked as follows: seedling stage (mean absolute error (MAE) = 3.29%) > tassel stage (MAE = 4.68%) > anthesis maturity stage (MAE = 5.52%). (4) All approaches’ simulation errors exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth. The ISHD approach, based on the measured data, achieved the best performance at a depth of 60 cm (MAE = 2.8%). The Hydrus-1D model optimized using multi-source remote sensing data can effectively simulate SWC in the maize root zone with low working cost, which is significant for applications in areas where it is difficult to obtain field soil hydrodynamic property parameters to simulate SWC at a global scale.

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Singh, Reena, Atanu Banerjee, and Kajal Krishna Rajak. "Iron(III) complexes using NNS reduced Schiff bases and NNOS coordinating tetradentate ligands: Synthesis, structure and catecholase activity." Inorganica Chimica Acta 363, no. 12 (October 2010): 3131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2010.05.027.

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Ihara, Hideshi, Atsushi Kitamura, Shingo Kasamatsu, Tomoaki Ida, Yuki Kakihana, Hiroyasu Tsutsuki, Tomohiro Sawa, Yasuo Watanabe, and Takaaki Akaike. "Superoxide generation from nNOS splice variants and its potential involvement in redox signal regulation." Biochemical Journal 474, no. 7 (March 15, 2017): 1149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20160999.

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We previously demonstrated different spacial expression profiles of the neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) splice variants nNOS-µ and nNOS-α in the brain; however, their exact functions are not fully understood. Here, we used electron paramagnetic resonance to compare the electron-uncoupling reactions of recombinant nNOS-µ and nNOS-α that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), in this case superoxide. nNOS-µ generated 44% of the amount of superoxide that nNOS-α generated. We also evaluated the ROS production in HEK293 cells stably expressing nNOS-α and nNOS-µ by investigating these electron-uncoupling reactions as induced by calcium ionophore A23187. A23187 treatment induced greater ROS production in HEK293 cells expressing nNOS-α than those expressing nNOS-µ. Also, immunocytochemical analysis revealed that A23187-treated cells expressing nNOS-α produced more 8-nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, a second messenger in NO/ROS redox signaling, than did the cells expressing nNOS-µ. Molecular evolutionary analysis revealed that the ratio of nonsynonymous sites to synonymous sites for the nNOS-µ-specific region was higher than that for the complete gene, indicating that this region has fewer functional constraints than does the complete gene. These observations shed light on the physiological relevance of the nNOS-µ variant and may improve understanding of nNOS-dependent NO/ROS redox signaling and its pathophysiological consequences in neuronal systems.

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Mostafaei Alaei, Mahnaz, and Amirhamid Forough Ameri. "Research into Teachers’ (Dis)Respect for Learners: A Cross-Cultural Study of English Language Teachers’ and Learners’ Perceptions." Education Research International 2021 (December 28, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2435376.

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A safe learning context begins with teachers-students respectful interaction. This qualitative study drawing on the premises of grounded theory (GT) examined native and nonnative English language teachers’ and learners’ (n = 114) perceptions of teachers’ (dis)respect for learners. Content analysis of focus groups and online interviews revealed three overarching themes: (1) teachers’ interpersonal characteristics, (2) teachers’ insightfulness, and (3) teachers’ occupational attributes. Overall, 14 subthemes emerged. An important finding was that politeness, learners’ self-esteem, and care were the most recurrent subthemes, respectively, raised by all four groups of nonnative teachers (NNTs), nonnative learners (NNLs), native teachers (NTs), and native learners (NLs). Moreover, politeness, care, learners’ self-esteem, dedication, and interest were the five culture-general components of teachers’ (dis)respect for learners because they were mentioned by both natives and nonnatives. Conversely, other subthemes could be considered as culture-specific components because they were raised by either natives (fairness, encouragement, appreciativeness, kindness, punctuality, and learners’ freedom) or nonnatives (helpfulness, patience, and learners’ individuality). Furthermore, the three above-mentioned themes were common to all participants. Therefore, given this diversity within universality, we proposed a cross-cultural model of teachers’ (dis)respect. The pedagogical implications are discussed.

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Zhao, Tianxue, Qian Li, Qianyun Mao, Kaida Mu, and Chen Wang. "Hepatic nNOS impaired hepatic insulin sensitivity through the activation of p38 MAPK." Journal of Endocrinology 248, no. 3 (March 2021): 265–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-20-0322.

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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) interacts with its adaptor protein NOS1AP through its PZD domain in the neurons. Previously, we had reported that NOS1AP enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity through its PZD-binding domain, which suggested that nNOS might mediate the effect of NOS1AP. This study aimed to examine the role and underlying mechanisms of nNOS in regulating hepatic insulin sensitivity. nNOS co-localized with NOS1AP in mouse liver. The overexpression of NOS1AP in mouse liver decreased the level of phosphorylated nNOS (p-nNOS (Ser1417)), the active form of nNOS. Conversely, the liver-specific deletion of NOS1AP increased the level of p-nNOS (Ser1417). The overexpression of nNOS in the liver of high-fat diet-induced obese mice exacerbated glucose intolerance, enhanced intrahepatic lipid accumulation, decreased glycogen storage, and blunted insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRbeta and Akt in the liver. Similarly, nNOS overexpression increased triglyceride production, decreased glucose utilization, and downregulated insulin-induced expression of p-IRbeta, p-Akt, and p-GSK3beta in the HepG2 cells. In contrast, treatment with Nω-propyl-L-arginine (L-NPA), a selective nNOS inhibitor, improved glucose tolerance and upregulated insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRbeta and Akt in the liver of ob/ob mice. Furthermore, overexpression of nNOS increased p38MAPK phosphorylation in the HepG2 cells. In contrast, inhibition of p38MAPK with SB203580 significantly reversed the nNOS-induced inhibition of insulin-signaling activity (all P < 0.05). This indicated that hepatic nNOS inhibited the insulin-signaling pathway through the activation of p38MAPK. These findings suggest that nNOS is involved in the development of hepatic insulin resistance and that nNOS might be a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.

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Choate, J. K., E. J. F. Danson, J. F. Morris, and D. J. Paterson. "Peripheral vagal control of heart rate is impaired in neuronal NOS knockout mice." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): H2310—H2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.6.h2310.

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The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the vagal control of heart rate (HR) is controversial. We investigated the cholinergic regulation of HR in isolated atrial preparations with an intact right vagus nerve from wild-type (nNOS+/+, n = 81) and neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) knockout (nNOS−/−, n = 43) mice. nNOS was immunofluorescently colocalized within choline-acetyltransferase-positive neurons in nNOS+/+ atria. The rate of decline in HR during vagal nerve stimulation (VNS, 3 and 5 Hz) was slower in nNOS−/− compared with nNOS+/+ atria in vitro ( P < 0.01). There was no difference between the HR responses to carbamylcholine in nNOS+/+ and nNOS−/− atria. Selective nNOS inhibitors, vinyl-l-niohydrochloride or 1–2-trifluoromethylphenyl imidazole, or the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one significantly ( P < 0.05) attenuated the decrease in HR with VNS at 3 Hz in nNOS+/+ atria. NOS inhibition had no effect in nNOS−/− atria during VNS. In all atria, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside significantly enhanced the magnitude of the vagal-induced bradycardia, showing the downstream intracellular pathways activated by NO were intact. These results suggest that neuronal NO facilitates vagally induced bradycardia via a presynaptic modulation of neurotransmission.

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Lu, Deyin, Yiling Fu, Arnaldo Lopez-Ruiz, Rui Zhang, Ramiro Juncos, Haifeng Liu, R. Davis Manning, Luis A. Juncos, and Ruisheng Liu. "Salt-sensitive splice variant of nNOS expressed in the macula densa cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 298, no. 6 (June 2010): F1465—F1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00650.2009.

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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), which is abundantly expressed in the macula densa cells, attenuates tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). We hypothesize that splice variants of nNOS are expressed in the macula densa, and nNOS-β is a salt-sensitive isoform that modulates TGF. Sprague-Dawley rats received a low-, normal-, or high-salt diet for 10 days and levels of the nNOS-α, nNOS-β, and nNOS-γ were measured in the macula densa cells isolated with laser capture microdissection. Three splice variants of nNOS, α-, β-, and γ-mRNAs, were detected in the macula densa cells. After 10 days of high-salt intake, nNOS-α decreased markedly, whereas nNOS-β increased two- to threefold in the macula densa measured with real-time PCR and in the renal cortex measured with Western blot. NO production in the macula densa was measured in the perfused thick ascending limb with an intact macula densa plaque with a fluorescent dye DAF-FM. When the tubular perfusate was switched from 10 to 80 mM NaCl, a maneuver to induce TGF, NO production by the macula densa was increased by 38 ± 3% in normal-salt rats and 52 ± 6% ( P < 0.05) in the high-salt group. We found 1) macula densa cells express nNOS-α, nNOS-β, and nNOS-γ, 2) a high-salt diet enhances nNOS-β, and 3) TGF-induced NO generation from macula densa is enhanced in high-salt diet possibly from nNOS-β. In conclusion, we found that the splice variants of nNOS expressed in macula densa cells were α-, β-, and γ-isoforms and propose that enhanced level of nNOS-β during high-salt intake may contribute to macula densa NO production and help attenuate TGF.

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Journal articles on the topic 'NNPs'

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