Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'NNPs'
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Sousa, Eduardo Henrique Viana de. "Obten??o e caracteriza??o de nanolubrificantes utilizados em refrigera??o aditivados com nanoparticulas de ?ndio (In)." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA MEC?NICA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23647.
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A crescente demanda por produtos com maior performance, menor custo de fabrica??o, menos impactantes ao meio ambiente que sejam mais eficientes energeticamente, t?m fomentado pesquisas em diversas ?reas da nanoci?ncia e nanotecnologia (N&N), visando sobrepujar estas limita??es ou agregando as principais vantagens dos nanocomp?sitos e nanofluidos (NF) os quais tem sido extensivamente aplicados nas ind?strias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as caracter?sticas de nanolubrificantes (NL) aditivado com nanopart?culas (NPs) de ?ndio (In), para poder contribuir com a redu??o significativa do tamanho, peso e custos dos sistemas de transfer?ncia de calor, tendo estes uma melhor estabilidade mec?nica, uma menor resist?ncia ao atrito e desgaste, e que possuia uma melhor ader?ncia em regime de lubrifica??o limite. Para estes fins, ap?s a aquisi??o das NPs de In, foram preparados tr?s nanolubrificantes (NLs) distintos, adicionando-se 0,3 g/L aos ?leos de compressores de refrigera??o herm?ticos o ISO68, ISO32, e o Poliol ?ster (POE). Ap?s o processo de prepara??o que consiste na desfragmenta??o e homogeneiza??o, cada composto foi ensaiado em banho termost?tico e com o aux?lio de um re?metro e um condutiv?metro, foi mensurados os valores relativos ?s suas propriedades t?rmicas, para comprovar as propriedades requisitadas. A estabilidade mec?nica foi verificada atrav?s de compara??es cronol?gicas, potencial zeta e aglomera??o de part?culas, ap?s passou-se por ensaios de lubricidade utilizando-se os trib?metos de sonda com movimento alternado em alta frequ?ncia (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig ? HFRR) e ensaio de pino contra disco para an?lise de desempenho tribol?gico. Os corpos de prova dos ensaios foram analisados em MEV (Microscopia eletr?nica de varredura) e EDS (Espectr?metro de Dispers?o de Energia) para comprova??o dos resultados, onde foram realizadas analises dos modelos desenvolvidos, levando em considera??o par?metros como: coeficiente de fric??o, for?a de atrito, desgaste etetivo, composi??o final dos corpos de prova a aglomera??o das part?culas nos NLs, a temperatura e a viscosidade do fluido, e movimento Browniano das part?culas, entre outros. Os NLs compostos por In foram vi?veis, n?o se fazendo necess?ria a utiliza??o de tensoativos para melhorar a sua estabilidade, pois apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios nos ensaios tribol?gicos, mostrando-se com propriedades de lubrificantes de extrema press?o (EP), melhorando significativamente o desempenho tribol?gico. Assim, torna-se vi?vel a utiliza??o NLs gerados a partir de NP de In na lubrifica??o de compressores herm?ticos de refrigera??o.
The increasing demand for products with higher performance, lower manufacturing cost, less impactful to the environment and are more energy efficient, have fostered research in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N), aiming at overcoming these limitations or adding the main advantages of nanocomposites and nanofluids (NF) which have been extensively applied in industries. The objective of this work was to study the characteristics of nano-lubricants (NL) added with nanoparticles (NPs) of indium (In), In order to contribute to the significant reduction of the size, weight and costs of heat transfer systems, which have a better mechanical stability, a lower resistance to friction and wear, and a better adhesion in the limit lubrication regime. For these purposes, after the acquisition of In NPs, three separate nanolubrificantes (NLs) were prepared, adding 0.3 g / L to hermetic refrigeration compressor oils ISO68, ISO32, and Polyol Ester (POE). After the preparation process consisting of defragmentation and homogenization, each compound was tested in a thermostatic bath and with the aid of a rheometer and a conductivity meter, where the values relative to their thermal properties are measured, to verify the required properties. The mechanical stability was verified through chronological comparisons, Zeta potential and particle agglomeration, after being subjected to lubricity tests using probe tribromes with High Frequency Reciprocating Rig ? HFRR and pin-to-disk test for tribological performance analysis. The test specimens were analyzed in SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Scattering Spectrometer) to prove the results, where analyzes of the developed models were carried out, taking into account parameters such as: Friction coefficient, friction force, wear resistance, final composition of the test specimens as well as the agglomeration of the particles in the NLs, temperature and viscosity of the fluid, and Brownian motion of the particles, among others. The NLs comprised of In were feasible, with the use of surfactants not being necessary to improve the stabilities, presented satisfactory results in the tribological tests, showing with properties of extreme pressure lubricants (EP), significantly improving the tribological performance. Thus, it becomes feasible to use NLs generated from NP of In in the lubrication of hermetic refrigeration compressors.
Khadrah, S. "NNS/NNS interaction during task-based synchronous computer-mediated communication." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508026.
Full textBezerra, Paulo Cesar Rego, and Jose Bittencourt de 1937 Andrade. "Sistemas de referencia associados ao NNSS." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/32062.
Full textIwashita, Noriko. "Comprehensible output in NNS-NNS interaction in Japanese as a foreign language." Connect to thesis, 1993. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1523.
Full textThe results show that comprehensible output is an important phenomenon in NNS-NNS interaction. Unlike the result of Pica et al, task types had more effect on opportunities for comprehensible output and actual production of comprehensible output than request types. Not much difference was found among different proficiency groups.
Manley, Lucy B. "Embedding the Consultant: A NNES Case Study." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1407853148.
Full textSimmers, Jessica L. "nNos localization, muscle function and atrophy in skeletal muscle disorders." Thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3573097.
Full textIn skeletal muscle, loss of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) from the sarcolemma has been observed in a few muscular dystrophies and myopathies. However, the extent of this phenomenon, its mechanism, and its physiological impact are not well understood. Using immunofluorescent staining for nNOS, a survey of 161 patient biopsies found absent or reduced sarcolemmal nNOS in 43% of patients. Patient mobility and muscle functional status correlated with nNOS mislocalization from the sarcolemma. Mouse models of inherited and acquired myopathies showed similar loss of sarcolemmal nNOS and impaired mobility and muscle function. A proteomic approach, using mass spectrometry and differentially labeled control and steroid-induced myopathy (SIM) mouse samples, found novel nNOS binding proteins including alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3), which exhibited decreased interaction with nNOS after steroid treatment. It revealed a potential explanation for impaired muscle function in SIM as nNOS interactions were lost at the sarcomere and gained at the sarcoplasmic reticulum impairing contractility. Treating nNOS-deficient mice with steroids demonstrated that loss of sarcolemmal nNOS reduces muscle contractility and strength in SIM through increased nitric oxide (NO) signaling. In SIM mice treated with a nitric oxide donor and steroids, nitric oxide partially protects the muscle from atrophy and improves muscle fatigability and recovery suggesting nNOS mislocalization also decreases NO availability. These findings show that loss of sarcolemmal nNOS is a common phenomenon that negatively impacts muscle function. Therapeutic strategies targeting nNOS or NO signaling need to allow for the complexity of local nitric oxide content and cellular context.
Heidler, Linda E. "NNS Use of Adverbs in Academic Writing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84213/.
Full textQuick, Zoe Louise. "The Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Methadone on Clinical and Neurobehavioural Outcomes of Infants Measured at Term." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1365.
Full textCheung, Nathan Yiutung. "Serotonin receptor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in the rat brain : implications for MDMA toxicity." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368095.
Full textPenlington, Roger. "Operational characteristics of the NNPB plunger in the glass container industry." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1994. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20218/.
Full textJähne, Sebastian [Verfasser]. "Kompensationsmechanismen im Skelettmuskel von neuronaler Stickstoffmonoxid-Synthase (nNOS) defizienten Mäusen / Sebastian Jähne." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1027814905/34.
Full textLim, Gregory B. S. "nNOS-derived nitric oxide modulation of the ryanodine receptor calcium release channel." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533867.
Full textSato, Vinicius Antonio Hiroaki. "Participação da serotonina no efeito tipo-antidepressivo induzido pela inibição da nNOS no hipocampo de ratos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17133/tde-22062011-090727/.
Full textIntroduction: Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to play an important role in the neurobiology of stress adaptation and depression. In fact, systemic or hippocampal administration of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) inhibitors induces antidepressant-like effects in animal models. Recent evidence indicates that the systemic effects of nNOS inhibitors are dependent on serotonin levels in the brain. The serotonergic system of the dorsal hippocampus (DH), through the activation of serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors, is proposed to mediate stress adaptation and the behavioral effects of antidepressant drugs. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the antidepressant-like effects induced by nNOS inhibition into the hippocampus would be mediated by a facilitation of the local serotonergic neurotransmission and subsequent 5-HT1A receptor activation. Methods: Male Wistar rats with guide-cannulae aimed at the DH were submitted to the pretest session (PT - 15 minutes of swimming) and received local administrations of the drugs: n-propyl-L-arginine (NPA, selective nNOS inhibitor: 0.00001 - 1 nmol/0.5 µL), fluoxetine (SSRI: 1, 3 and 10 nmol/0.5 µL), WAY100635 (selective 5-HT1A antagonist: 1, 3 and 10 nmol/0.5 µL) or vehicle (0.5 µL). One day later, the immobility time was registered at a 5 minutes swimming test session. All protocols were approved by a local ethical committee (Proc. N. 08.1.1133.53.4.) Results: The intrahippocampal administration of NPA or fluoxetine reduced the immobility time in animals submitted to the forced swimming test, an antidepressant-like effect in this model. WAY100635 did not induce any effect per se, but it was able to block the effects induced by fluoxetine or NPA. Conclusions: Inhibition of nNOS, by NPA, or inhibition of serotonin reuptake, by fluoxetine, in the DH induced antidepressant-like effects of similar magnitude. The fact that pretreatment with WAY100635 was able to block NPA- and fluoxetine-induced effects indicates that both effects are mediated by a facilitation of the local serotonergic neurotransmission and subsequent activation of 5-HT1A receptors. Therefore, these results suggest that increased NO levels in the DH could impair local serotonergic neurotransmission and, thus, predisposes to the development of stress-induced behavioral consequences, such as depressive-like behaviors.
Sicola, Laura. "No, they won't "just sound like each other" NNS-NNS negotiated interaction and attention to phonological form on targeted L2 pronunciation tasks." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/991032276/04.
Full textSato, Vinicius Antonio Hiroaki. "Substratos neurais envolvidos com o desenvolvimento do comportamento de desamparo em ratos: possível envolvimento do NO." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17133/tde-20072016-091556/.
Full textRecently, nitric oxide (NO) has been related with the neurobiology of depression. The NO synthase (NOS) inhibition induces antidepressant-like effects in animal models and there is an increase in the NOS expression in limbic structures of depressed patients or in stress exposed animals. Besides, it is well known that stressful events causes an increase in limbic structures neuronal activation and that antidepressant treatment as well as NOS inhibition attenuates this effect. However, it is still unknown how the limbic nitrergic system is related with depression-related behaviors. Then, the aim of this work is to test the hypothesis that the helplessness behavior development (a depression-related behavior) in rats would be induced by an increased activity of nNOS-containing neurons in structures related with the neurobiology of stress responses. Furthermore, the antidepressant-like effect induced by antidepressants treatment in this model would share a final effect, decreasing the activation of such neurons, and decreasing the levels of NO in these structures. For this aim, male rats were submitted to the learned helplessness model and treated with antidepressants. After the test, immunohistochemistry assay were performed, with double labeling for c-Fos (Fos-IR; neuronal activity marker) and nNOS (nNOS-IR). The repeated treatment with desipramine (DES, 25 mg/kg but not 12,5mg/kg), fluoxetine (FXT, 15 mg/Kg, but not 30 mg/Kg) and imipramina (IMI, 15 mg/KG) induced antidepressant-like effects in the learned helplessness test (LH). The acute treatment with IMI, but not with DES or FXT, induced the same effect. The repeated treatment with DES, FXT or IMI also increased the number of intertrial crossings in the LH, but not the locomotor activity score on the open field score. The repeated treatment with DES decreased the number of Fos-IR into the basolateral amygdala (BlAm), lateral amygdala (Lam), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), CA1 and CA3 regions of the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC), and CA3 region of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC). The acute treatment with DES increased the Fos-IR into the central amygdale (CeAm), medial amygdala (MeAm), and CA1 and CA3 regions of the dHPC. The repeated treatment with FXT decreases the number of Fos-IR into the BlAm and Lam, while the acute treatment increases the Fos-IR into the CeAm. The repeated treatment with IMI increased the nNOS-IR into the MeAm and the double- labeled cells into the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BST); and decreased the Fos-IR into the CA1 region of the dHPC and into the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Finally, positive correlations between the number of Fos-IR and the number of failures in escaping or avoiding the foot shocks on the LH were found into the BlAm, Lam, CA1 and CA3 of the dHPC, and CA3 of the vHPC, i.e., with more activated cells into these structures mentioned, more foot shocks the rats received. These results are (partially) corroborated with previous scientific papers, showing the analyzed structures participation in the learned helplessness behavior as well as in the antidepressant effect of antidepressant administration. Within this context, the BST would work as a relay center, processing the information coming from the mPFC, HPC and amygdaloid nuclei, and sending the output to the PVN, modulating the HPA axis. This work open some questions about the identification of specific nNOS-containing neuronal subpopulations, aiming to clarify their role in the stress response, and searching for the formulation of a more complete scenario of the nitrergic system participation in this complex emotion-regulating neurocircuit
McNamara, Tanner. "ENOS and nNOS contribution to reflex cutaneous vasodilation during dynamic exercise in humans." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13788.
Full textDepartment of Kinesiology
B.J. Wong
Recent data suggests nNOS mediates the NO-component of reflex cutaneous vasodilation with passive heat stress. Our hypothesis was nNOS, but not eNOS, inhibition would attenuate reflex cutaneous vasodilation during dynamic exercise. Protocol 1: subjects performed a VO[subscript]2 peak test on a supine cycle ergometer. Protocol 2: with experimental arm at heart level subjects cycled in supine posture at 60% VO[subscript]2 peak to raise core temperature (Tc) 0.8-1.0°C (35-45 min). In protocol 2 subjects were equipped with 4 microdialysis fibers on the forearm and each randomly assigned as: 1) lactated Ringer’s (control); 2) 5mM NPLA (nNOS inhibition); 3) 10mM L-NIO (eNOS inhibition); and 4) 20mM L-NAME (non- selective NOS inhibition). At the end of protocol 2 all sites were locally heated to 43°C and infused with SNP to elicit maximal dilation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), skin blood flow via laser- Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and Tc via ingestible telemetric pill were measured; cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as LDF/MAP and normalized to maximum. In protocol 2 there was no significant difference between control (62±5 %CVCmax) and NPLA (61±6 %CVCmax). L-NIO (38±4 %CVCmax) and L-NAME (41±7 %CVCmax) significantly attenuated CVC compared to control and NPLA (p<0.001 all conditions). There was no difference between L-NIO and L- NAME. We conclude eNOS, not nNOS, contributes to reflex cutaneous vasodilation during dynamic exercise.
Sangüesa, Ferrer Juan F. "Modulation fonctionnelle et distribution du canal calcique Cav3. 2 : rôle de la nNOS." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T015.
Full textLu, Chieh-Ju. "Neuronal nitric oxide synthase-CAPON regulation of cardiac sympathetic activity in the development of hypertension." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1204dec9-9f09-458d-b361-c8d14589fcd1.
Full textSantos, Jaqueline Rocha Borges dos. "Participação da enzima nNOS na sensibilização cruzada entre estresse e etanol em camundongos Swiss." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-15032014-084536/.
Full textThe objective of this work was to investigate behavioral alterations produced by ethanol (ET) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in adolescent (ADL) and adult (AD) mice, studying the nNOS enzyme activity. In AD mice was also studied the nNOS activity through the NMDA receptor in the cross-sensitization between immobilization stress (IS) and ET, by using dizocilpine (DZP) as a pretreatment. The results demonstrate cross-sensitization between CUS and ET in the ADL and AD mice. There was an increase in the nNOS activity in hippocampus (HP) and frontal cortex (FC) of AD submitted to CUS. This effect was attenuated by ET. The cross-sensitization in ADL increased the nNOS activity in FC. The 7-nitroindazole pretreatment inhibit cross-sensitization between CUS and ET in ADL and AD, signaling the nNOS participation. DZP potentiates cross-sensitization between IS and ET and decreased the nNOS activity in HP and FC of animals submitted to IS. CUS and IS induce behavioral sensitization to the ET and nNOS participate in the cross-sensitization between CUS/IS and ET.
Kegler, Melissa Jean. "NES and NNES reactions to in- and out-group usages of dyke and fag /." Abstract, 2009. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/secure/00000564/01/2004ABSTR.htm.
Full textThesis advisor: Matthew Ciscel. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-63). Abstract available via the World Wide Web.
Do-Thi, Nga. "Etude théorique de la fragmentation des petits agrégats neutres de carbone Cn et des hydrocarbures CnH." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651020.
Full textMolza, Anne-Elisabeth. "Etude in silico du complexe impliquant le domaine central de la Dystrophine, le domaine PDZ de la nNOS, l'Actine filamenteuse et les Phospholipides membranaires." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B018.
Full textDystrophin is a large protein encoded by DMD gene and located under the plasma membrane of muscle fibers. It plays an essential role in maintaining the integrity of muscle cells during contraction/relaxation cycles. This filamentous protein is composed of four structural domains including the central domain consisting of 24 spectrin-like repeats and four hinges. Each repetition is folded in three α-helices in a ‘coiled-coil’ assembly. Mutations in the DMD gene leads to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker (MDBs), which are accompanied by frequent plasma membrane ruptures, due to the loss or modification of dystrophin protein. There are very few structural data available concerning the central domain of dystrophin, which is subject to many mutations involved in DMD and BMD diseases. However, the description and the understanding to an atomic level of dystrophin structure and its interaction is essential for optimization of therapies. Given the impossibility to solve its structure by X-ray crystallography or NMR, structural data of the dystrophin central domain were acquired by small angles X-rays scattering (SAXS, Small Angles X-ray Scattering). This thesis presents the development of an innovative multi-scale approach combining experimental SAXS and in silico derived data, allowing the reconstruction of high-resolution models of dystrophin central domain fragments. Structural data were also obtained on a mutated dystrophin frequently observed in BMDs. Furthermore, we also mapped the interactions of the central domain with two of its majors functional partners, Filamentous actin and neuronal nitroxyde synthase (nNOS) and proposed models of the related macromolecular complexes. At long-term, all of these results will allow optimization of therapies for the treatment of muscular dystrophies
Given, Alexis. "Models of Epsilon-Sarcoglycan Gene Inactivation and their Implications for the Pathology of Myoclonus Dystonia." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23790.
Full textEisenhauer, Astrid. "Die kognitiven Defizite in einem Sepsismodell bei Ratten sind auf eine Herunterregulierung der nNOS zurückzuführen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970030274.
Full textLewis, Sophronia. "The effect of ablation and acute inhibition of plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4 (PMCA4) with a novel inhibitor on isolated mouse mesenteric resistance arterial contractility." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effect-of-ablation-and-acute-inhibition-of-plasma-membrane-calcium-atpase-4-pmca4-with-a-novel-inhibitor-on-isolated-mouse-mesenteric-resistance-arterial-contractility(676a26ea-867e-4947-9544-76b356fce23a).html.
Full textTang, Ting 1982. "Investigating NNS English teachers' self-assessed language proficiency in an EFL context." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99610.
Full textRanasinghe, Gamage Indeewari. "New Reactivity Involving N-Isothiocyanates: Aminothiocarbonylation and [3+2] Cycloadditions to Form Molecules Containing NNCS Motifs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36042.
Full textAbdul, Rasool Khatijah Binti. "Discourse strategies for managing problems of understanding in native speakers (NSs)-non native-speakers (NNSs) converstations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548634.
Full textHeaton, Daniel Anthony. "Role of nNOS in the autonomic control of cardiac excitability in cardiac physiological and pathophysiological states." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5dfc213d-7846-485d-93f1-1635a0018ef0.
Full textCoelho, Camila Henriques. "Análise da inibição da óxido nítrico sintase neuronal (nNOS) na liberação de vasopressina durante sepse experimental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-30102009-022744/.
Full textThe pathophysiology of sepsis is caracterized by hypotension accompanied by increase of vasopressin secretion (AVP) in early phase and decrease during late phase. This hypotension is due, in part, to the increase of nitric oxide (NO) production, that, like other mediators, shows high production during sepsis. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is responsible by synthesis of NO. The neuronal isoform of NOS is present in skeletic muscle, testicles, prostate, skin and vasopressinergics neurons of hypothalamus. The present work evaluated the participation of nitric oxide produced by neuronal NOS in temporal vasopressin secretion during experimental sepsis. Rats Wistar received intraperitoneal injection of 7-nitroindazole (50 or 80 mg/kg), an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase activity, or DMSO 10% + sesame oil in the proportion 1:9 (vehicle) and after 30 minutes, they were submited to septic stimulus by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or to sham operation. In one of the groups, the survival rate was evaluated during 5 days. In other group, the animals were decapited 0, 4, 6, 18 and 24 hours after CLP and the blood was processed to determinate haematocrit, serum sodium, osmolality, proteins, glucose, creatinine, serum nitrate, and plasma AVP. Neurohypophysis was removed to determination of vasopressin content, and hypotalamus was dissected to determinate total NOS activity. Mortality observed after CLP was not affected by periferal injection of 7-nitroindazole (50 mg/kg) as well as haematocrit, glucose and nitrate increase. Serum sodium and plasma protein decreased after CLP and the treatment antecipated the loss protein, and delayed serum sodium decrease. CLP animals didn\'t show creatinine and osmolality alterations, but when treated with 7-nitroindazole, showed increase 6 and 18 hours, and decrease 4 hours, respectively. NOS activity in hypothalamus increased 4 and 24 hours after CLP, and was reduced with 7-NI pretreatment (50 and 80 mg/kg respectively). AVP neurohypophysis content diminished 4, 6 and 18 hours after CLP and 7-NI reduced the content just at 0 and 6 hours. Vasopressin plasma concentration increased just 6 hours after CLP and 7-NI pretreatment didn\'t alter this parameter. We concluded that NO produced by neuronal NOS doesn\'t have a substantial role in vasopressin secretion during experimental sepsis.
Rabu, Pierre. "Etude cristallochimique des composes a structure composite incommensurable (lns)#nnbs#2 (ln : yttrium, elements terre-rare)." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT2027.
Full textIyomasa, Daniela Mizusaki. "Avaliação dos efeitos do estresse crônico sob a ansiedade e a sensibilidade nociceptiva em ratos mantidos em ambiente enriquecido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-24052018-222146/.
Full textAdaptive responses to stress may be accompanied by changes in emotional behaviors, in particular related to fear and anxiety, as well as changes in pain sensitivity. Furthermore, the role of nitric oxide in brain areas related to defensive behavior has been investigated. Although several evidences have shown that environmental enrichment improves memory processes, learning and nociceptive responses, the relationship between chronic stress and the advantages of using environmental enrichment is still poorly investigated. The present study aimed to investigate whether environmental enrichment promotes alteration of the emotional behavior, nociceptive sensitivity, as well as immunoreactivity to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the central nucleus of the amygdala, hippocampal formation and dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter in rats submitted to social isolation stress or chronic unpredictable stress and reared in enriched environment or standard environment. Male Wistar rats (~ 70g) were randomly divided into two major experimental groups: Standard Environment (Standard) or Enriched Environment (EE), maintained for 38 days. Each group was subdivided according to the type of chronic stress: Control (without stress), Social Isolation (for 38 days) and Chronic Unpredictable Stress (from day 28 to day 37). At the end of the experimental time (day 38), the rats were evaluated for emotional behavior by elevated plus maze (EPM) and light/dark box (LDBT) tests and nociceptive sensitivity by the hot plate test (which was performed in two steps , the first being measured on day 0 and the other on day 38). Euthanasia of rats occurred on day 39, to collect the brain for nNOS immunoreactivity analysis. Taking into account emotional behavior and nociceptive sensitivity, the different types of chronic stress decreased the percentage of time, the frequency of entry of the open arms, end-arm exploration and the head dipping frequency in the EPM, despite of not altering the nociceptive sensitivity. On the other hand, environmental enrichment increased the percentage of time, the frequency of entry of the open arms and the end arm-exploration in the EPM test, although it did not alter the nociceptive sensitivity. Increased immunoreactivity to nNOS in hippocampal formation was observed in different types of chronic stress. In particular, in the CA3 region there was a significant interaction between stress factors due to social isolation and maintenance environment. Thus, the results obtained in this study suggest that hippocampal formation plays an important role in the anxiogenic effect exerted by the different types of chronic stressors (represented here by social isolation and by chronic chronic stress) probably due to the activation of the nitrergic system and it is suggested that environmental enrichment can prevent of anxiety-like behavior.
Moda, Hari Priya. "Non-Negative Least Square Optimization Model for Industrial Peak Load Estimation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36003.
Full textMaster of Science
Bird, Diane Carol. "An investigation into the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the phencyclidine mouse model of schizophrenia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0015/MQ57249.pdf.
Full textHirsch, Tamara. "A behavioural evaluation of the potential of nNOS inhibitors to control dyskinesia in animal models of Parkinson's disease." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-behavioural-evaluation-of-the-potential-of-nnos-inhibitors-to-control-dyskinesia-in-animal-models-of-parkinsons-disease(777432ce-93ec-429c-a5c8-41d42dd2069b).html.
Full textMurphy, Timothy G. "The Use of Film in a First Year College Writing Class for ESL Students." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565898.
Full textDenadai, Magda Aline. "Efeitos do 7-nitroindazole, um inibidor da sintase neuronal do oxido nitrico (nNOS), sobre o condiciomaneto contextural em pombos." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314745.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O óxido nítrico (NO), um neurotransmissor não convencional, tem papel importante em processos neurobiológicos de comportamento e de memória. Sua síntese é mediada por três isoformas de sintase do óxido nítrico (NOS): a neuronal (nNOS), a endotelial (eNOS) e induzível (iNOS). Este trabalho analisou o efeito do 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), um inibidor seletivo da nNOS, no condicionamento clássico aversivo em pombos. Foram usados 4 grupos: tratados com 7-NI (grupo 7-nitroindazole; G7-NI, n=5), tratados com óleo de amendoim (grupo veículo; GV, n=5), controle/sem tratamento (grupo controle; GC, n=5) e grupo não tratado/não condicionado (grupo manipulação; GM, n=5). A administração i.p. de 7-NI (25 mg/kg), ou do óleo de amendoim foi feita imediatamente após o treinamento. O G7-NI, o GV e o GC receberam três associações som-choque (5°, 10° e 15º minutos) numa sessão de 20 min. O teste a o contexto foi realizado 24 horas depois. As sessões foram gravadas para posterior transcrição e análise comportamental. A ocorrência da resposta de congelamento durante o treino não diferiu entre os grupos (p>0,05), mas durante o teste foi menor para o G7-NI em comparação ao treino (p<0.01) e aos demais grupos no teste (p<0.001). A atividade da NOS dependente de Ca++ no hipocampo foi menor no G7-NI do que nos outros grupos (p<0,01). Análise por Western blot indicou aumento na expressão de nNOS no G7-NI (p<0,05). A administração sistêmica de 7-NI teve um efeito amnésico sobre a memória contextual aversiva, indicando que a atividade da NOS dependente de Ca++ é importante para os processos de condicionamento clássico aversivo em pombos.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is an unsual neurotransmitter that plays an important role in neurobiological functions underlying behavior and memory. NO synthesis and release can be mediated by three isoforms of NO synthases (NOS): neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS). This study examined the effect of 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a selective nNOS inhibitor, on contextual fear conditioning in pigeons. Four groups of pigeons were used: treated with 7-NI (7-NI; n=5), treated with peanut oil (Vehicle; n=5), non treated controls (Control; n=5) and non treated and no-trained controls (Non-trained; n=5). Treatment consisted in 7-NI (25 mg/kg; i.p.) or vehicle (peanut oil) administration, immediately after training. All the animals were trained in one 20 min session during which three tone-shock pairings (5th, 10th and 15th minutes) were presented. The test to the context was conducted 24h later. Behavioral categories were analyzed through the transcription of video-tapes of the sessions. The groups 7-NI, Vehicle and Control showed no significant differences in freezing during the conditioning session (p>0.05). During the test to the context the group 7-NI expressed significantly lower freezing as compared to Vehicle and Control (p<0.05). The 7-NI pigeons showed lower hippocampal activity of Ca++ dependent-NOS than Vehicle and Control groups (p<0.01). Western blot analysis indicated significant increase in nNOS expression (p<0.05). The systemic administration of 7-NI induced amnestic effects on contextual fear memory that evidence that Ca++-dependent NOS activity is required for fear conditioning in pigeons.
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Eskandari, Julia Mirjam [Verfasser], Viktoria [Akademischer Betreuer] Kolb-Bachofen, Daniela [Akademischer Betreuer] Bruch-Gerharz, and Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Germing. "Untersuchungen zur nNOS an psoriatischer Haut / Julia Mirjam Eskandari. Gutachter: Daniela Bruch-Gerharz ; Ulrich Germing. Betreuer: Viktoria Kolb-Bachofen." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018272518/34.
Full textSchonhoff, Christopher M. "The Regulation of nNOS During Neuronal Differentiation and the Effect of Nitric Oxide on Hdm2-p53 Binding: a Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2000. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/57.
Full textMcRae, Vicki. "Output, input and interaction in formal/informal teacher interactions and in NS, NNS children's interactions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26884.
Full textEducation, Faculty of
Graduate
Kececioglu, Ekin. "Analysis Of Immunoreactivity Of Nos Isoforms (nnos, Enos, Inos) In Hippocampus Of Young Rats Classified As Good And Poor Learners." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614994/index.pdf.
Full textgood&rdquo
and &ldquo
poor&rdquo
learners. The NOS isoforms were visualized on coronal hippocampal sections using fluorescent immunohistochemistry technique and n- and eNOS images were processed using ImageJ software, while iNOS immunoreactivity (IR) was assessed by counting immunoreactive cells. In this study, overall hippocampal levels of nNOS were significantly higher than those of eNOS and iNOS. The level of n and eNOS was higher in CA1 compared to DG/hilus areas, but lower than that in CA3 region. The expression of iNOS was the highest in CA1 and the lowest in hilus region. nNOS IR was significantly higher in &ldquo
poor&rdquo
than in &ldquo
good&rdquo
learners but only in CA1 region. No significant between-group differences were found in eNOS expression. iNOS expression was higher in &ldquo
poor&rdquo
learners but it did not reach the required significance level.
Barua, Anupama. "The role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in ischaemia/reoxygenation-induced injury and in protection of the mammalian myocardium." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8754.
Full textPereira, Linus de Queiroz. "Silenciamento da expressão da enzima óxido nítrico sintase neuronal (nNOS) em linhagem de neuroblastoma via siRNAs sintéticos em dupla fita." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2011. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/20854.
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O óxido nítrico (NO) é formado pelas enzimas NO sintases e desempenha papel na patogênese da neurodegeneração. NO sintase neuronais são expressas em áreas cerebrais lesionadas e sua inibição reduz efeitos de agentes neurotóxicos. O atual estudo desenvolveu siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) direcionados a duas sequências do RNAm de nNOS, presentes nos exons 2 e 28. Primeiramente, foi utilizado o algoritmo Biopredsi para identificar alvos de RNAi. Foi realizada síntese química dos siRNA duplos com 21 nucleotídeos - exon2_hnNOS e exon28hnNOS (Qiagen). Células de neuroblastomas SH-SY5Y receberam 150 pmol ou 300 pmol de cada siRNA estruturado em lipossomas (Lipofectamine 2000®, Invitrogen). Utilizou-se o controle negativo scramble All-Stars® (Qiagen). Os meios de cultivo celular utilizados foram Optimen® e DMEM® (Gibco), pelas primeiras 6h e para as 24h de incubação restantes, respectivamente. O conteúdo de RNAm de nNOS foi quantificado por PCR em tempo real via SYBR Green®; os efeitos de silenciamento foram apresentados pela expressão relativa (2-ΔΔCT). O nível de RNAm foi reduzido para até 60% do controle; os efeitos de silenciamento variaram de acordo com os alvos e doses. Os efeitos dos siRNA sobre a apoptose por neomicina foram determinados pelo ensaio de MTT. As células foram lesionadas por neomicina e tratadas com um dos siRNAs (exon2_hnNOS, exon28hnNOS ou scramble) por dois tempos distintos: imediatamente após ou 24h após a lesão. Ambas estruturas de siRNA mostraram efeitos antiapoptóticos, que alcançaram o máximo de 28,7%. Os efeitos variaram de acordo com o siRNA e o tempo de tratamento. Exon2_hnNOS produziu o maior efeito quando o tratamento foi realizado logo após lesão; exon28_hnNOS foi mais efetivo 24h após a lesão. Os resultados do atual estudo mostram a utilidade de siRNAs no entendimento da patogenia de doenças neurológicas e abrem novos caminhos para a terapia gênica de doenças neurodegenerativas.
Nitric oxide (NO) is formed by the NO synthase enzymes and play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuronal NO synthase enzyme (nNOS) is expressed in brain areas submitted to injury, and its pharmacological blocking can decrease the effects of neurotoxic agents. In our study, we developed and tested two siRNAs targeted to two different nNOS mRNA sequences, located in the exons 2 and 28. Firstly, we used the Biopredsi algorithm to identify the RNAi targets. The synthetic siRNA duplexes with 21 nucleotides (exon2_hnNOS and exon28_hnNOS) were synthetized by Qiagen. Neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y received 150 pmol or 300 pmol of each siRNA mixed with Lipofectamine 2000® (Invitrogen). The negative control was the commercial scramble All-Stars® (Qiagen). The cell culture media used in this study were Optimen® and DMEM® (Gibco), for the first 6h and for the remaining 24h of incubation, respectively. The mRNA content was quantified by reverse transcription real-time PCR with SYBR Green® and the silencing effects on nNOS expressed by the relative expression (2-ΔΔCT). The nNOS mRNA content was reduced to 60% to the control level; the silencing effects varied according to the targets and doses used. To determine the effects of siRNA on the apoptotic phenotype, we used the MTT assay. Cells were lesioned by neomycin and treated with each of the siRNAs (exon2_hnNOS, exon28_hnNOS, or scramble) at two time-points: immediately after – or 24h after lesion. Both siRNA structures showed anti-apoptotic effects that reached 28.7%. The effects varied according to the siRNA used and the treatment time-point. Exon2_hnNOS produced the highest effect when the treatment began immediately after lesion; exon28_hnNOS was more effective 24h after lesion. Our results encourage the use of siRNAs to study the role of nNOS in the pathogenesis of brain diseases and highlighted a new therapeutic aproach for neurodegenerative diseases.
McMeekin, Abigail L. "NS-NNS negotiation and communication strategy use in the host family versus the study abroad classroom." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765882961&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1208804388&clientId=23440.
Full textChanning, O. Ernestien. "English written proficiency as a contributing factor to academic performance." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65481.
Full textDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Humanities Education
MEd
Unrestricted
Balda, Mara A. "Ontogeny- and Sex-Dependent Contributions of the Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) Gene to Rewarding and Psychomotor Stimulating Effects of Cocaine." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/257.
Full textLustosa, Cátia Valderês dos Santos Faria. "Interferência de RNA para silenciamento gênico da enzima NO sintase neuronal (nNOS) no modelo in vitro de neurodegeneração por interferon gama." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13967.
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A vulnerabilidade de neurônios dopaminérgicos a insultos químicos continua sendo uma questão relevante na neuropatologia. Estudos anteriores revelam aumento dos níveis de interferon gama (IFN- ) e da enzima óxido nítrico sintase neuronal (nNOS) durante a injúria de células neuronais. Entretanto, até o momento, nenhum trabalho avaliou se a nNOS afeta a viabilidade de neurônios dopaminérgicos expostos ao IFN- . Para avaliar o papel da nNOS nas respostas celulares ao IFN- , o presente estudo realizou silenciamento gênico da enzima nNOS via interferência de RNA (RNAi) no modelo de neurodegeneração de células SH-SY5Y. Primeiro, analisou-se o conteúdo de RNAm de nNOS através de PCR em tempo real. Três RNAs interferentes sintéticos curtos foram testados nos tempos de 8h e 24h, em doses de 18,75nM e 37,5nM. Testou-se também um vetor de expressão de grampos curtos de RNA, denominado pnNOS_hum_4400 para o silenciamento da enzima. Os efeitos do silenciamento de nNOS sobre a viabilidade das células SH-SY5Y lesadas foram medidas via ensaio de 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). O melhor efeito de silenciamento de nNOS ocorreu no tempo de 24h pós-transfecção para siRNAnNOShum_3987 e siRNAnNOShum_4400, com diminuição de 0,46 e 0,66 vezes. SiRNAnNOShum_4400 e o vetor pnNOS_hum_4400 aumentaram a viabilidade das células lesadas por IFN-y em 5,0 % e 15,8%, respectivamente. Conclui-se que a enzima nNOS participa de eventos celulares ligados à injúria de células SH-SY5Y causada pelo IFN- y. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to chemical insults remains a relevant issue in neuropathology. Previous studies found increased levels of interferon gamma (IFN- ) and the neuronal nitric oxide synthase enzyme (nNOS) during neuronal injury. No previous work, however, has evaluated whether nNOS affects the viability of dopaminergic neurons exposed to IFN- . To gain more insight into the role of nNOS in cell responses to IFN- , the present study carried out the enzyme gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) in the neuron-like SH-SY5Y model of neurodegeneration. We first analyzed the nNOS mRNA knocking down by using a reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Three small interfering RNAs were tested at 8h and 24h in doses of 18.75nM and 37.5nM. We also tested a short-hairpin RNA expression vector named pnNOS_hum_4400 to improve enzyme knocking-down. nNOS silencing effects on the viability of injured SH-SY5Y cells were measured by the 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol-2-y1)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The highest knocking down in nNOS mRNA content occurred at 24h post-transfection for siRNAnNOShum_3987 and siRNAnNOShum_4400, with 0.46 and 0.66 fold decrease. SiRNAnNOShum_4400 and the vector pnNOS_hum_4400 ameliorate the viability of cells injured by IFN- 5,0 % 15,8 % ely. We concluded that nNOS enzyme plays at least a partial role in SH-SY5Y cell degeneration caused by IFN-y .
Anderson-Manrique, Julie F. "Design or detour? The non-native English-speaking (NNS) student in the community college developmental writing classroom." Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3712029.
Full textEach year hundreds of foreign-born and other non-native English speakers (NNS) enroll in U.S. public community colleges. More than 40% of these applicants do not pass the entrance exams and are then directed to take a series of noncredit courses before entering the mainstream freshmen composition. The word mainstream refers to the regularly credited courses that one takes to earn credits towards one’s certificate or degree program. There are studies comparing the non-native speakers (NNS) to native English speakers (NNS) in the freshmen composition class. Other studies examine the mainstream writing class from the NNS student writer’s point of view. However, there is no literature that discusses the placement of the NNS student in the developmental course from the perspectives of the NNS student, the developmental writing instructor, and the administrator. By interviewing NNS students in the developmental writing class, community college staff, faculty, and administrators who interact with these students, we gain multiple perspectives about the placement of this population in the developmental writing class. The results of this study inform community college educators that some NNS students in developmental writing courses may have detoured from the mainstream path with little regard for some of their cognitive, affective, or linguistic needs.
Dezengrini, Renata. "HERPESVÍRUS BOVINO TIPOS 1, 2 E 5: SENSIBILIDADE A ANTIVIRAIS IN VITRO, PATOGENIA E TERAPÊUTICA EXPERIMENTAL EM COELHOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4039.
Full textAspects of bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) pathogenesis and experimental therapies against BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 were investigated in vitro and in inoculated rabbits. In chapter 1, we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO), a component of innate immunity against pathogens, in the neurological disease by BoHV-5 in rabbits. Spectrophotometry for NO products revealed that NO levels were significantly increased in several regions of the brain of rabbits with neurological disease [F(4, 40)=3.33; P<0.02]. Quantification of NO levels in the brain at different time points after virus inoculation revealed a gradual increase [F(12, 128)=2.82; P<0,003], correlated spatially and temporally with virus dissemination within the brain and preceding the development of neurological signs. Thus, we propose that the overproduction of NO in the brain of BoHV-5-infected rabbits may participate in the pathogenesis of neurological disease. In chapter 2, the activity of three anti-herpetic drugs was tested against BoHV-1, BoHV-2 and BoHV-5 in vitro by plaque reduction assay. Acyclovir was moderately active against the three viruses; Gancyclovir was moderately effective against BoHV-2, and to a lesser extent against BoHV-5, being poorly active against BoHV-1. Foscarnet (PFA) exhibited the most pronounced antiviral activity, being the only drug that, at the concentration of 100 ìg/mL, completely inhibited plaque formation by all three viruses. In chapter 3, we report the activity of PFA in rabbits inoculated with BoHV-1 or BoHV-5. Rabbits inoculated with BoHV-5 and treated with 100 mg/kg of PFA presented mortality rates (11/22 or 50%) statistically lower than non-treated controls (21/22 ou 95.4%) (P<0.0008). A significant reduction in the mean virus titers was observed at day 3 pi, the peak of virus shedding [F(9,108) = 2,23; P<0.03]. Reduction in virus shedding, frequency, severity and duration of ocular signs were also observed in rabbits inoculated with BoHV-1 into the conjunctival sac, comparing to the controls. The prolonged incubation period and the reduction in the duration of the clinical course of the PFA-treated group was significant (P<0.005 and P<0.04, respectively). Therefore, the activity of PFA in vivo against BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 may be exploited in further experimental therapies. In chapter 4, we investigated the effect of the inhibition of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), associated or not with PFA treatment, on neurological infection by BoHV-5 in rabbits. Groups of BoHV-5-inoculated rabbits were treated with the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG); with PFA; with both drugs; or maintained as virus controls. Morbidity and mortality rates were 100% (6/6) in the groups AG and CV, 66.7% (4/6) in the group PFA and 83.3% (5/6) in the group AG+PFA. The incubation period was significantly lower (P<0.05) and the onset of neurological disease occurred earlier and was more severe in the group AG. These results demonstrate that treatment with PFA reduced morbidity and mortality rates associated to BoHV-5 infection, that AG treatment anticipated the development of neurological signs, and that the development of neurolocial disease was delayed in the group treated with both drugs. Taken together, these results contribute to the knowledge of the pathogenesis of BoHV-5 neurological disease and pave the way for other experimental pathogenesis and therapy studies.
Aspectos da patogenia da infecção neurológica pelo herpesvírus bovino 5 (BoHV-5) e terapias experimentais contra o BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 foram estudados in vitro e em coelhos inoculados. O capítulo 1 relata a investigação do papel do óxido nítrico (NO), um componente da imunidade inata contra patógenos, na doença neurológica produzida pelo BoHV-5 em coelhos. Espectrofotometria para os produtos de degradação do NO revelou um aumento significativo nos seus níveis em várias regiões do encéfalo de coelhos infectados (F(4, 40)=3.33; P<0,02). A quantificação do NO no encéfalo nos dias seguintes à inoculação viral revelou um aumento gradativo (F(12, 128)=2.82; P<0,003), correlacionado temporal e espacialmente com a invasão e disseminação viral, e precedendo o desenvolvimento de sinais neurológicos. Sugere-se, assim, que a produção aumentada de NO em resposta à infecção possa participar da patogenia dessa doença neurológica. No capítulo 2, investigou-se a atividade de três fármacos antivirais frente ao BoHV-1, BoHV-2 e BoHV-5 in vitro pelo teste de redução do número de placas. O Aciclovir foi moderadamente ativo frente aos três vírus; o Ganciclovir apresentou atividade moderada frente ao BoHV-2 e, em menor grau, contra o BoHV-5, sendo ineficaz frente ao BoHV-1. O Foscarnet (PFA) apresentou a atividade antiviral mais pronunciada, sendo o único fármaco que, na concentração de 100 μg/mL, inibiu completamente a produção de placas pelos três herpesvírus bovinos. No capítulo 3, investigou-se a atividade do PFA em coelhos inoculados com o BoHV-1 ou BoHV-5. Coelhos inoculados com o BoHV-5 e tratados com 100 mg/kg do PFA apresentaram índices de mortalidade (11/22; 50%) estatisticamente inferiores aos controles não-tratados (21/22; 93,7%) (P<0,0008). Uma redução significativa no título médio de vírus foi observada no dia 3 pi, pico da excreção viral [F(9,108) = 2,23; P<0,03]. Em coelhos inoculados no saco conjuntival com o BoHV-1 e tratados com o PFA, foram observadas reduções na excreção viral, na frequência, severidade comparando-se com o grupo controle. O período de incubação prolongado e a redução na duração do curso clínico no grupo tratado foi significante (P<0,005 e P<0,04, respectivamente). A atividade antiviral do PFA in vivo contra o BoHV-1 e BoHV-5 abre a perspectiva para outras terapias experimentais. No capítulo 4, investigou-se o efeito da inibição da isoforma induzível da enzima óxido nítrico sintase (iNOS), associada ou não ao tratamento com o PFA, na infecção neurológica pelo BoHV-5 em coelhos. Grupos de coelhos inoculados com o BoHV-5 foram tratados com o inibidor da iNOS aminoguanidina (AG); com PFA; com ambos os fármacos; ou não receberam tratamento. Os índices de morbidade e mortalidade foram de 100% (6/6) nos grupos AG e controle; 66,7% (4/6) no grupo PFA e 83,3% (5/6) no grupo AG+PFA. O período de incubação foi significativamente menor (P<0,05) e os sinais neurológicos foram mais precoces e severos nos animais do grupo AG. Portanto, o tratamento com PFA reduziu a morbidade e mortalidade associadas com a infecção pelo BoHV-5; o tratamento com AG resultou no agravamento e na antecipação do quadro neurológico e no grupo tratado com ambos os fármacos observou-se um desenvolvimento mais tardio dos sinais neurológicos. Esses resultados contribuem para o conhecimento da patogenia da doença neurológica pelo BoHV-5 e abrem perspectivas para estudos adicionais de patogenia e terapêutica anti-herpesvírus.
Silva, Maria Isabel. "Distribuição de celulas imunorreativas para sintase neuronal do oxido nitrico (nNOS) no hipocampo de pombos (Columba livia) apos aprendizagem de escolha alimentar." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314142.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O hipocampo exerce papel fundamental no processamento de aprendizagem e memória espaciais. Comparações das características funcionais, anatômicas e neuroquímicas do hipocampo são favorecidas por evidência oriunda de estudo sobre aprendizagem especial em mamíferos e aves. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a marcação imunohistoquímica de células nNOS- positivas no hipocampo de pombos (C. lívia) após diferentes duração do treino em aprendizagem especial. Foram analisados grupos de animais não treinados (MAN), treinados em 1 sessão (EXP1), treinados em 5 sessões (EXP5), exposto à arena em 1 sessão (CONT1) ou em 5 sessões (CONT5). As sessões foram realizadas numa arena onde havia quatro comedouros, um dos quais com alimento. Em cada sessão, com seis tentativas, registrou-se a latência (seg) e a assertividade da escolha de um comedouro. Após os testes comportamentais, usou-se imunoistoquímica para a análise da marcação de células nNOS-positiva no hipocampo dorsal e ventral. O grupo EXP5 teve diminuição da latência de escolha ('F IND. 4,28¿= 23,74; p < 0,001) e aumento das respostas corretas ('F IND. 4,35¿= 8,66; p < 0,001) em função do treino. A marcação das células nNOS-positivas no hipocampo foi significativamente maior no hipocampo dorsal dos animais EXP5 em comparação com o hipocampo ventral ('F IND. 4,22¿= 104,79; p<0,001) e com os demais grupos ('F IND. 4,22¿= 10,17; p < 0,001). O aumento da imunorratividade de células nNOS- positivas no hipocampo dorsal de pombos após a aprendizagem da localização do comedouro correto sugere o envolvimento desta região e de processos mediados pro transmissão glutamatérgica nesse processo de aprendizagem e memória em pombos
Abstract: The hippocampus has fundamental role in spatial learning and memory processes. Functional and neurochemical analysis of the hippocampus are favored by evidence on spatial learning in mammals and birds. The present study examined the immunohistochemical expression of nNOS-positive cells in the hippocampus of pigeons (C. livia) after training in food location task. Animals were trained in one (EXP1) or five (EXP5) sessions or had one (CONT1) or five sessions (CONT5) of exposure to the experimental arena. The six trials sessions were conducted daily in one arena with 4 food bowls, one of which had food. Latency and accuracy of choise recorded. After behavioral tests, nNOS immunoractivity in hippocampal cells was analyzed. EXP 5 showed reduction imunoreactivity in hippocampal cells was analysed. EXP5 showed reduction in latency of choise ('F IND. 4,28¿= 23,74; p < 0,001) and increassis in correct choise ('F IND. 4,35¿= 8,66; p < 0,001) as function of the training. The expression of nNOS- positive cells was significantily higher in the dorsal hippocampus of EXP5 group as compared with the ventral hippocampus ('F IND. 4,22¿= 104,79; p < 0,001) and the other groups ('F IND. 4,28¿= 10,17; p < 0,001). The increases of nNOS immunoreactive neurons after learning of the food location suggest that nNOS is involved in processes of spatial learning and memory that are mediated by the dorsal hippocampus of pigeons
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular