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Journal articles on the topic 'NMR'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 October 2024

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1

Albayrak, Hulya. "Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Neutrophil-to-Monocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Psoriasis Patients: Response to Treatment with Biological Drugs." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 17 (August 22, 2023): 5452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175452.

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Background: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated skin disease in which systemic inflammation plays an important role in its pathogenesis. In recent years, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were shown to be important indicators of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the NLR, NMR, PLR, and SII levels in psoriasis patients treated with biological agents. Method: Clinical and biochemical data of 209 patients who received systemic therapy for psoriasis were obtained by retrospectively reviewing their medical records. The NLR, NMR, PLR, and SII values were calculated from the hemogram values of the patients. Results: In the third month of follow-up, the mean CRP, NLR, NMR, PLR, and SII values were significantly decreased compared with the baseline values. The SII values showed strong positive correlations with the NLR, NMR, and PLR. Adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab, which are TNF-α blockers, were observed to be more effective on the PLR and NLR, and especially the NMR. Conclusions: The NLR, NMR, PLR, and SII, which are data derived from routine blood tests, can be used in the monitoring of the treatment of psoriasis, especially with TNF-α blockers.

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Kovalenko, Anton D., Alexander A. Pavlov, Ilya D. Ustinovich, Alena S. Kalyakina, Alexander S. Goloveshkin, Łukasz Marciniak, Leonid S. Lepnev, et al. "Highly NIR-emitting ytterbium complexes containing 2-(tosylaminobenzylidene)-N-benzoylhydrazone anions: structure in solution and use for bioimaging." Dalton Transactions 50, no. 11 (2021): 3786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt03913f.

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CROCKER, ANNE G., and SHEILAGH HODGINS. "The Criminality of Noninstitutionalized Mentally Retarded Persons." Criminal Justice and Behavior 24, no. 4 (December 1997): 432–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854897024004003.

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This study examines the criminality of noninstitutionalized mentally retarded (NIMR) men and women in a Swedish birth cohort composed of 15,117 participants followed from before birth to age 30. NIMR participants were compared with participants who had never been placed in a special class or in an institution for the mentally retarded or admitted to a psychiatric ward (NMR). NIMR participants were more likely than NMR participants to have been convicted for a criminal offense before age 30 and for a violent offense. NIMR offenders had been convicted, on average, for the same number of offenses as NMR offenders. Among the NIMR offenders, 71% of men and only 43% were first convicted before the age of 18. For both NIMR men and women, childhood conduct problems were found to be associated with adult criminality.

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Sina Dr, M., X. Pemaj, I. Akshija, and S. Prifti. "P185 The role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-monocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in estimating disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.313.

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Abstract Background Determining disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients is important in order to reduce surgery rate and mortality. Colonoscopy has the disadvantage of being invasive, time consuming and expensive. Several laboratory markers have been proposed in order to evaluate UC disease activity. Methods The aim is to investigate the utility of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-monocyte ratio (NMR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) in differentiating active UC from UC in remission. This is a prospective study carried out at a hospital center in Albania, from 2019–2020. Demographic and endoscopic data along with complete blood counts were collected for each UC patient. Based on Mayo score system, patients were classified as active UC (total Mayo score >2 points) and UC in remission (total Mayo score ≤ 2 points). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze associations between parameters. The sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off values were assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results 65 UC patients, with a mean age of 45.05 ± 15.5 (16–85) years, of whom 52.3% were females and 47.7% males, were enrolled in this study. 21.4% were in remission and 63.4% were classified as active UC disease. We found a positive correlation between NLR, NMR and disease activity [(r=0.295, p=0.002); (r=0.241, p=0.011) respectively]. NLR and NMR were also significantly higher in active disease group compared to UC in remission (p=0.016 and p=0.03 respectively). ROC analyses revealed that NLR (AUC=0.664, 95% CI, 0.557–0.772) and NMR (AUC=0.644, 95% CI, 0.531–0.756) are satisfactory in differentiating active UC from UC remission patients. A NLR cutoff value of 2.1 had a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 61% for active UC, while a NMR cutoff value of 12.2 had a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 61% for active UC. We didn’t found any correlation between LMR and disease activity Conclusion This study shows that NLR and NMR are significantly associated with active UC disease. Given the fact that complete blood count is widely available and inexpensive, NLR and NMR may play a role in differentiating active UC from UC in remission.

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Gainov, Ramil R., Alexander V. Dooglav, Farit G. Vagizov, Ivan N. Pen'kov, Vladimir A. Golovanevskiy, Anna Yu Orlova, Il'ya A. Evlampiev, et al. "NQR/NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopy of sulfides: potential and versatility." European Journal of Mineralogy 25, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2325.

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6

Lee, Sang-Hwa, Jong-Ho Kim, Young-Suk Kwon, and Jong-Hee Sohn. "Role of Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Acute Headache Attack to Differentiate between Migraine and Non-Migraine Headache." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 6538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216538.

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Although the potential relationship between headaches, particularly migraine, and peripheral inflammatory markers (PIMs) has been investigated, it is unclear whether PIMs are involved in the pathogenesis of migraine or can differentiate it from non-migraine headaches (nMHs). Using 10 years of data from the Smart Clinical Data Warehouse, patients who visited the neurology outpatient department (OPD) within 30 days after visiting the emergency room (ER) for headaches were divided into migraine and nMH groups, the PIMs were compared including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) ratios, and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR). Of the 32,761 patients who visited the ER for headaches, 4005 patients visited the neurology OPD within 30 days. There were significant increases in the NLR, MLR, and NMR, but a lower PLR in the migraine and nMH groups than the controls. The NMR was significantly higher in the migraine than the nMH group. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the ability of the NLR and NMR to differentiate between migraine and nMHs was poor, whereas it was fair between the migraine groups and controls. The elevated PIMs, particularly the NLR and NMR, during headache attacks in migraineurs suggest that inflammation plays a role in migraine and PIMs may be useful for supporting a migraine diagnosis.

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Nordon, Alison, Céline Meunier, Colin A. McGill, and David Littlejohn. "Comparison of Calibration Methods for the Monitoring of a Fluorobenzene Batch Reaction Using Low-Field 19F NMR, 1H NMR, NIR, and Raman Spectrometries." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 4 (April 2002): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702021954971.

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The suitability of different process spectrometry techniques has been assessed, in terms of calibration requirements, accuracy, and precision, for the at-line monitoring of the sulfonation of fluorobenzene. Partial least-squares (PLS) calibration was required to analyze the spectra obtained by NIR spectrometry and low-field (29.1 MHz) 1H NMR spectrometry. The low-field (27.4 MHz) 19F NMR spectra contained well-resolved signals for the three fluorine containing compounds and univariate calibration was adequate. The Raman spectra of two of the compounds exhibited fluorescence and so this technique was not considered suitable for monitoring the reaction. The accuracy of the results obtained using univariate analysis of the 19F NMR data and PLS analysis of NIR data were comparable (average % error of 3.5 and 2.9%, respectively, for concentrations >0.5 mol dm−3 and 11.3 and 11.1%, respectively, for <0.5 mol dm−3). The least accurate results were obtained using PLS analysis of low-field 1H NMR data, as the spectra of two of the components were too similar. For concentrations >0.05 mol dm−3, the most precise results were obtained with PLS analysis of NIR data (average RSD of 1.6%), although the precision of the results obtained using univariate analysis of 19F NMR data was still good (average RSD of 3.7%).

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Keifer, Paul A. "Flow injection analysis NMR (FIA-NMR): a novel flow NMR technique that complements LC-NMR and direct injection NMR (DI-NMR)." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 41, no. 7 (2003): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.1206.

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Nascimento, Paloma Andrade Martins, Paulo Lopes Barsanelli, Ana Paula Rebellato, Juliana Azevedo Lima Pallone, Luiz Alberto Colnago, and Fabíola Manhas Verbi Pereira. "Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR) and Chemometrics for Determination of Fat Content in Commercial Products of Milk Powder." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 100, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.16-0408.

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Abstract This study shows the use of time-domain (TD)-NMR transverse relaxation (T2) data and chemometrics in the nondestructive determination of fat content for powdered food samples such as commercial dried milk products. Most proposed NMR spectroscopy methods for measuring fat content correlate free induction decay or echo intensities with the sample's mass. The need for the sample's mass limits the analytical frequency of NMR determination, because weighing the samples is an additional step in this procedure. Therefore, the method proposed here is based on a multivariate model of T2 decay, measured with Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence and reference values of fat content. The TD-NMR spectroscopy method shows high correlation (r = 0.95) with the lipid content, determined by the standard extraction method of Bligh and Dyer. For comparison, fat content determination was also performed using a multivariate model with near-IR (NIR) spectroscopy, which is also a nondestructive method. The advantages of the proposed TD-NMR methodare that it (1) minimizes toxic residue generation, (2) performs measurements with high analytical frequency (a few seconds per analysis), and (3) does not require sample preparation (such as pelleting, needed for NIR spectroscopy analyses) or weighing the samples.

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Himmelsbach, D. S., F. E. Barton, and D. E. Akin. "Comparison of Responses of 13C NMR and NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopies to Changes in Particle Size and Order in Cellulose." Applied Spectroscopy 40, no. 7 (September 1986): 1054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702864508133.

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High-resolution solid-state 13C NMR and NIR diffuse reflectance spectra were obtained on microcrystalline and “noncrystalline” celluloses. Particle sizes and relative crystallinity were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and MIR transmission spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that NMR is more sensitive to order changes and less sensitive to particle size. NIR reflectance, on the other hand, is very sensitive to particle size changes and essentially insensitive to differences in order.

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Medina, Jessica, Diana Caro Rodríguez, Victoria A. Arana, Andrés Bernal, Pierre Esseiva, and Julien Wist. "Comparison of Attenuated Total Reflectance Mid-Infrared, Near Infrared, and 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopies for the Determination of Coffee’s Geographical Origin." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2017 (November 1, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7210463.

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The sensorial properties of Colombian coffee are renowned worldwide, which is reflected in its market value. This raises the threat of fraud by adulteration using coffee grains from other countries, thus creating a demand for robust and cost-effective methods for the determination of geographical origin of coffee samples. Spectroscopic techniques such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), near infrared (NIR), and mid-infrared (mIR) have arisen as strong candidates for the task. Although a body of work exists that reports on their individual performances, a faithful comparison has not been established yet. We evaluated the performance of 1H-NMR, Attenuated Total Reflectance mIR (ATR-mIR), and NIR applied to fraud detection in Colombian coffee. For each technique, we built classification models for discrimination by species (C. arabica versus C. canephora (or robusta)) and by origin (Colombia versus other C. arabica) using a common set of coffee samples. All techniques successfully discriminated samples by species, as expected. Regarding origin determination, ATR-mIR and 1H-NMR showed comparable capacity to discriminate Colombian coffee samples, while NIR fell short by comparison. In conclusion, ATR-mIR, a less common technique in the field of coffee adulteration and fraud detection, emerges as a strong candidate, faster and with lower cost compared to 1H-NMR and more discriminating compared to NIR.

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Räntzsch, Volker, Manfred Wilhelm, and Gisela Guthausen. "Hyphenated low-field NMR techniques: combining NMR with NIR, GPC/SEC and rheometry." Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry 54, no. 6 (April 9, 2015): 494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrc.4219.

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Pandey, S., A. Sharma, and M. K. Siddiqui. "NM3 Extending the Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) Framework to Multilevel Network Meta-Regression (ML-NMR): A Worked Example of ML-NMR VS Standard NMA." Value in Health 23 (December 2020): S407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.08.058.

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Indra, Beni, Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto, Hardisman Hardisman, Andani Eka Putra, Djong Hon Tjong, Sukri Rahman, Elfira Yusri, Muhammad Ridho Bilhaq, Yusan Pratama, and Yudha Risman. "The Severity of COVID-19 and its Correlation with Inflammation Biomarkers." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (May 27, 2022): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9639.

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Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) or Covid-19 has been spread quickly and caused 5 million deaths until February 2022. Severe symptoms of the infection may lead to death that prompt appropriate clinical diagnosis and adequate treatment going to be necessary. Covid-19 shows a severe inflammatory response which causes an imbalance in the immune response. Therefore, circulating biomarkers that can represent inflammation and immune status are potential predictors for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. This study aims to know the role of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR), and Lymphocyte-monocyte Ratio (LMR) as inflammatory biomarkers for the severity of Covid-19. Methodology: This study is a single-center retrospective cohort study. The sample of this study was taken by consecutive sampling with complete clinical data from 893 Covid-19 patients from Andalas University Teaching Hospital from April 2020 to September 2021. This study uses SPSS Version 25.0 for data management and analysis. Result: Most of the degrees of Covid-19 infection were mild degrees as many as 597 people with an NLR average value of 2.07 (0.27-34.50), and NMR average value of 7.86 (3-46), an LMR average value of 3.67 (0.25-25), an ANC value of 3.990 (945-45). 14,608). Most of the degrees of infection in patients with negative PCR results were moderate degrees as many as 70 people with a mean NLR value of 9.0694 (0.51-47.50), a mean NMR value of 18.6199 (1.15-47.50), and a mean LMR was 3.0324 (0.29-19.50), the ANC value was 9769.73 (1.088-37,219). There was a relationship between the degree of Covid-19 infection and the NLR value (p=0.144), as well as the LMR (p=0.000), NMR(p=0.000), and ANC (p=0.000). There was no relationship between the degree of infection in the negative PCR patient group and the NLR value (p=0.000), as well as the LMR (p=0.700), NMR(p=0.120), and ANC (p=0.90). Conclusion: The severity of Covid-19 symptoms could be predicted through inflammatory biomarkers such as NLR, LMR, and NMR.

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Singhal, Anshu, and Vimal K. Jain. "Synthesis and characterization of mono-and bi-nuclear palladium(II) and platinum(II) complexes containing acetamidine ligands." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 11 (November 1, 1996): 2018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-230.

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The reactions of [M2Cl2(μ-Cl)2(PR3)2] with acetamidines in 1:2 stoichiometry afforded mononuclear complexes, [MCl2{ArNHC(Me)NAr}(PR3)] (I) (M = Pd or Pt; R3 = Et3, Bu3, Me2Ph, MePh2; Ar = Ph or 4-MeC6H4 (tol)). Treatment of [M2Cl4(PR3)2] with Li[ArNC(Me)NAr] under anerobic conditions gave acetamidino-bridged binuclear complexes, [M2Cl2(μ-ArNC(Me)NAr)2(PR3)2] (II). The reaction of [Pd2(μ-Cl)2(η3-allyl)2] with Ag[ArNC(Me)NAr] gave acetamidino-bridged allyl complexes [Pd2(μ-ArNC(Me)NAr)2(η3-allyl)2] (III). All the complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and NMR (1H, 31P, 195Pt) spectroscopy. The mononuclear complexes (I) exist in two isomeric forms differing in the coordination of monodentate acetamidine ligand. The 31P and 195Pt NMR data on binuclear complexes (II) indicate that there is no significant Pt–Pt interaction. The allyl complexes (III) (allyl = C3H5) exhibit formation of all three possible isomers, whereas methallyl (allyl = C4H7) derivatives exist only in one configuration. Key words: palladium, platinum, acetamidine, NMR (1H, 31P, 195Pt), mononuclear complexes, binuclear complexes.

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Fukumori, Kenzo, Norio Sato, and Toshio Kurauchi. "Pulsed NMR Study of Motional Heterogeneity in Acrylonitrile-Butadiene/Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 64, no. 4 (September 1, 1991): 522–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538570.

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Abstract Motional heterogeneity in blends of NBR (AN = 38%) and PVC was studied by 1H pulsed NMR. It was estimated from NMR relaxation measurements that the PVC molecules in the NBR phase form phase domains of the order of less than 10 nm, consistent with the microheterogeneous structure observed by TEM. Furthermore, by spin diffusion experiments using the Goldman-Shen pulse sequence, the size of the PVC phase domains was semiquantitatively evaluated to be 4.2 nm in the case of the cylindrical domains and to be 5.1 nm in the case of the spherical domains. It becomes clear that pulsed NMR complements the results of other analytical methods with more detailed information on the state of the molecular mixing in the blends.

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Carrara, Caroline, Stéphane Viel, Corinne Delaurent, Fabio Ziarelli, Grégory Excoffier, and Stefano Caldarelli. "Chromatographic NMR in NMR solvents." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 194, no. 2 (October 2008): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2008.07.008.

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Şensoy, Barış, Nur Özer Şensoy, Muhammed Süleymanoğlu, and Omaç Tüfekçioğlu. "Prognostic Value of Novel Hematologic Biomarkers in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension." Medical Science and Discovery 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 512–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v9i9.797.

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Objective: Pulmonary vascular remodeling and inflammation play a major role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Novel hematologic biomarkers have recently been recognized as a risk predictor for cardiovascular, oncologic, and inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate the association of hematologic biomarkers with mortality in PAH patients. Materials and Methods: Fourty-five patients diagnosed with PAH and 45 healthy volunteers were evaluated retrospectively. Concurrent data included clinical, echocardiographic, hemodynamic and hematologic variables. The study population was divided into subgroups based on admission neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil to monocyte ratio (NMR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values. Results: The median NMR and NLR levels were lower in healthy subjects than in PAH patients (7.7 (7-8.8) vs 9.2 (6.5-11.6); p= 0.03 and 1.9 (1.4-2.9) vs 2.6 (1.9-3.3); p= 0.04) respectively). The estimated mean survival duration was longer in patients with low NMR levels (93 (95% CI, 86-100) vs. 67 (95% CI, 45-88) months (p=0.006) respectively). NMR independently predicted poor outcome and improved the power of the other prognostic markers (OR 1.4 (95% CI, 1-1.8) p= 0.04); (AUC= 0.91; p< 0.0001). Conclusions: NMR levels alone or combined with other prognostic factors may predict mortality in patients with PAH.

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Alghzawi, Iyad. "White Blood Cells Ratios in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes in Association with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus." Emergency Medical Service 8, no. 3 (2021): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202103106.

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The aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate of white blood cells ratios in patients with ACS in association with arterial hypertension and 2 type Diabetes Mellitus. Material and Methods: In this observational cohort trial we observed of 184 patients with ACS. All patients were randomized into four groups: 1st group – 42 patients with ACS without AH or DM; 2nd group – 56 patients with ACS and previous AH; 3rd group – 42 patients with ACS and 2 type DM; and 4th group – 44 patients with ACS and AH and DM. We studied of leukocytes count and their subpopulation ratios: neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR), neutrophils to monocytes ratio (NMR), neutrophils to lymphocytes+monocytes ratio (N/LMR), lymphocytes to monocytes ratio (NMR). Results: The mean white blood cells count was significant higher in patients with ASC, compared with control group (p<0.001). In patients with ACS the elevated NMR and NLR were observed: 15.04±1.28 vs 11.09±0.43 in control group (p<0.05), and 3.34±0.20 vs 2.60±0.06 (p<0.05), respectively. No significant differences between WBC ratios were revealed in observed patients with ACS with or without AH and/or DM. Conclusion: ACS is characterized of raised NLR and NMR which could be indicators of poor prognosis

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OKUCHI, Takuo. "Diamond Anvil Cell NMR." Review of High Pressure Science and Technology 15, no. 4 (2005): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4131/jshpreview.15.324.

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Liu, Peng, Peiyuan Li, Zhong Peng, Yazhou Xiang, Chenqi Xia, Juan Wu, Bo Yang, and Zhangxiu He. "Predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio in lupus nephritis." Lupus 29, no. 9 (June 5, 2020): 1031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203320929753.

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Objective To evaluate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), platelet-to-monocyte ratio (PMR), and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR) as predictors for lupus nephritis (LN) patients without infection or as biomarkers for distinguishing between infection or flare with LN patients. Methods LN patients were divided into three groups: LN without infection, LN with infection, and LN with flare. A total of 57 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. The differentiation was analyzed between LN without infection and control group, and LN with infection and LN with flare. Correlations among variables were assessed in the LN group without infection. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed in two comparable groups. Results NLR, PLR, and MLR were increased significantly in the LN group without infection as compared with those in healthy controls. NLR (area under the curve (AUC): 0.75) and MLR (AUC: 0.79) were useful for distinguishing between LN patients without infection and healthy subjects. In differentiating LN patients without infection from the controls, optimal cutoffs of NLR and MLR were 3.43 (sensitivity: 45.6%, specificity: 96.5%, and overall accuracy: 68.8%) and 0.24 (sensitivity: 75.0%, specificity: 73.7%, and overall accuracy: 73.6%), respectively. In addition, NLR ( r = 0.322, p = 0.011) and PLR ( r = 0.283, p = 0.026) were positively correlated with CRP. Importantly, NLR and NMR were increased while PNR was decreased in the LN group with infection in comparison with those in the LN group with flare. NLR (AUC: 0.80), NMR (AUC: 0.78), and PNR (AUC: 0.74) were useful in differentiating LN patients with infection and flare, and their optimal cutoffs were 4.02 (sensitivity: 82.6%, specificity: 69.6%, and overall accuracy: 75.5%), 12.19 (sensitivity: 80.4%, specificity: 73.9%, and overall accuracy: 77.5%), and 28.26 (sensitivity: 65.2%, specificity: 76.8%, and overall accuracy: 71.6%), respectively. Conclusions We demonstrated, for the first time, that MLR or NMR had the best accuracy in differentiating LN patients without infection from healthy subjects, or differentiating infection from flare in LN patients, respectively. Our results implied that NLR, MLR, PNR, and NMR may be useful biomarkers in predicting LN.

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Semenov, Valentin, Dmitriy Samul'cev, and Leonid Krivdin. "1H AND 13C NMR SPECTRA OF STRYCHNOS ALKALOIDS: SELECTED NMR UPDATES." Bulletin of the Angarsk State Technical University 1, no. 14 (December 15, 2020): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-777x-2020-1-14-77-94.

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The PBE0/pcSseg-2//pcseg-2 calculations of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were performed for a classical series of 12 Strychnos alkaloids (except for the earlier studied parent strychnine), namely akuammicine, isostrychnine, rosibiline, tsilanine, spermostrychnine, diaboline, cyclostrychnine, henningsamide, strychnosilidine, strychnobrasiline, holstiine, and icajine. It was found that calculated 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts demonstrated markedly good correlations with available experimental data characterized by a mean absolute error of 0.22 ppm for the range of 8 ppm for protons and 1.97 ppm for the range of 180 ppm for carbons. Complimentary, present results provide essential NMR update and fill a gap in the NMR data of this distinguished group of the vitally important natural products.

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KATO, Tadashi. "NMR." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 49, no. 10 (2000): 1173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1996.49.1173.

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SODERMAN, O. "NMR." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 11, no. 1 (April 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2006.01.002.

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Sun, Nan, Tae-Jong Yoon, Hakho Lee, William Andress, Ralph Weissleder, and Donhee Ham. "Palm NMR and 1-Chip NMR." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 46, no. 1 (January 2011): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2074630.

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Horii, Fumitaka. "High-resolution NMR: Solid-state NMR." Kobunshi 39, no. 12 (1990): 888–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.39.888.

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Ordidge, Roger J. "4906932 NMR spectroscopy and NMR imaging." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 9, no. 3 (January 1991): X. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(91)90478-5.

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HIKICHI, Kunio. "Polymer NMR." Kobunshi 47, no. 1 (1998): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.47.36.

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Asakura, Katuso. "A NMR Spectral Database of Natural Products “CH-NMR-NP”." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 73, no. 12 (2015): 1247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.1247.

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Addo, Philip Wiredu, Philip Ossowski, Sarah MacPherson, Andrée E. Gravel, Rajvinder Kaur, Valerio Hoyos-Villegas, Jaswinder Singh, Valérie Orsat, Marie-Josée Dumont, and Mark Lefsrud. "Development of a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method and a Near Infrared Calibration Model for the Rapid Determination of Lipid Content in the Field Pea (Pisum sativum)." Molecules 27, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051642.

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Pisum sativum is a leguminous crop suitable for cultivation worldwide. It is used as a forage or dried seed supplement in animal feed and, more recently, as a potential non-traditional oilseed. This study aimed to develop a low-cost, rapid, and non-destructive method for analyzing pea lipids with no chemical modifications that would prove superior to existing destructive solvent extraction methods. Different pea accession seed samples, prepared as either small portions (0.5 mm2) of endosperm or ground pea seed powder for comparison, were subjected to HR-MAS NMR analyses and whole seed samples underwent NIR analyses. The total lipid content ranged between 0.57–3.45% and 1.3–2.6% with NMR and NIR, respectively. Compared to traditional extraction with butanol, hexane-isopropanol, and petroleum ether, correlation coefficients were 0.77 (R2 = 0.60), 0.56 (R2 = 0.47), and 0.78 (R2 = 0.62), respectively. Correlation coefficients for NMR compared to traditional extraction increased to 0.97 (R2 = 0.99) with appropriate correction factors. PLS regression analyses confirmed the application of this technology for rapid lipid content determination, with trends fitting models often close to an R2 of 0.95. A better robust NIR quantification model can be developed by increasing the number of samples with more diversity.

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Chiarenza, Annalisa, Nunziatina Laura Parrinello, Anna Maria Triolo, Giuseppina Rizzo, Alessandra Romano, Cinzia Maugeri, Laura Anastasia Caruso, et al. "The Combined Evaluation of Neutrophil, T-Lymphocyte and Monocyte Counts Provides New Prognostic Information in CLL Patients." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 5565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.5565.5565.

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Abstract The recent advances in cytogenetic and molecular diagnostic techniques has provided a better understanding of biology of CLL and a better prediction of disease progression and refractoriness but they are not easily accessible to all Institutions. CLL cells depend on microenvironmental interactions for proliferation and survival that are at least partially mediated through B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. An increased number of studies describe the emerging role of neutrophils and monocytes as mediators of the inflammation process and antitumor immunity modulation that support tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), has been recently published as new marker of systemic inflammation associated with outcome in different cancer types. In our study we retrospectively evaluated the prognostic significance of peripheral blood neutrophils, monocytes and non-neoplastic lymphocytes in a unicentric, unselected, CLL cohort of 400 CLL patients (160 were treated). The study was approved by the institutional board review;informed consent was obtained from patients. Using the blood count and the Flow cytometric analysis reports, peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count (ANC), absolute monocyte count (AMC) and absolute T-lymphocyte count (ALC-CD3+) were evaluated and the neutrophil to T-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the monocyte to T-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and the neutrophil to monocyte ratio (NMR) were calculated. Clinical and biological data from all patients were also retrieved. Serial count and ratio were evaluated at diagnosis, during follow up and at relapse to make a better comparison with the major clinical and prognostic markers commonly used. The median ratio for NLR 2.67 and patients with pre-treatment NLR > 3 had a shorter time from diagnosis to treatment initiation. CLL patients showed an increase in the absolute number of monocytes compared to normal controls (788±65 cells/μL vs 469±51 cells/μL, p=0.005) and MLR appeared higher in advanced stage (stage Binet C) and bulky disease (p=0.06). High level of both NLR and MLR (cut off >3) correlated with the presence of a complex karyotype detected by FISH (p=0.03, p=0.016). NLR ratio was associated with the absence of serum prognostic markers, such as the expression of CD38, ZAP-70 and CD49d. This result, apparently conflicting, could strengthen the NLR as an independent prognostic factor. NMR was higher in asymptomatic patients (absence vs. presence of B symptoms, p=0.02) and this data resulted independent from disease stage. NMR median value was significantly higher in untreated patients than in patients who received treatment (p=0.01), strengthening the hypothesis that this ratio is associated with a more indolent form of disease. In this contest, the subset of patients with CD49d positive disease showed the lowest NMR value. This data seems of relevance, being CD49d a recently discovered and validated prognostic marker. ANC/ALC and AMC/ALC ratio significantly increased at relapse compare to baseline (NLR average onset 2.3±0.4 vs 3.4±0.6 at relapse). The median NMR value showed conversely the opposite trend: NMR is reduced in first relapse (NMR average onset 7.2±0.4 vs. 5.4±0.5 at relapse). These combined ratios reflect both the inflammatory status, the immune response and the microenviromental network that contribute to aggressive tumor biology and disease progression. They are simple, cheap, easily measured and reproducible and can be integrated into daily clinical practice as new prognostic markers for CLL. Disclosures Chiarenza: Gilead: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy.

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Silver, Richard T., Katherine Vandris, Joshua J. Goldman, Fernando Adriano, Y. Lynn Wang, Amy V. Jones, Paul J. Christos, and N. C. P. Cross. "Decrease in JAK2V617F Allele Burden is Not a Prerequisite to Clinical Response in Patients with Polycythemia Vera (PV)." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1908.1908.

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Abstract Abstract 1908 Poster Board I-931 Previous studies of patients (pts) with polycythemia vera (PV) treated with pegylated interferon (peg-IFNá-2a) have shown an 83% complete hematologic response associated with an 89% molecular response over a median of 11 months (Kiladjian et al. Blood. 2008. 112(8):3065-3072) implying a causative relationship between molecular and hematologic responses. Our data show pts treated with rIFNá-2b or non-rIFNá-2b agents achieve hematologic response despite the absence of a molecular response suggesting that a molecular change is not a prerequisite to hematologic response. Thirty pts diagnosed with PV by the criteria of the Polycythemia Vera Study Group (PVSG) were followed clinically and hematologically with serial quantified JAK2V617F allele burden determined at six-month intervals over a mean of 21.6 months (mos) (range: 6.0 – 56.4 mos). These pts were treated with rIFNá-2b ranging from 0.5 mu to 3.0 mu three times per week depending upon clinical response. Primary clinical endpoints were hematocrit (hct) ≤45% men, ≤42% women, and no need for phlebotomy (PHL). Molecular and hematologic responses were graded according to the criteria of Barosi et al. (Blood. 2009. 113(20):4829-4833): complete hematologic response (CHR: hct ≤45% without PHL, platelets '400×109/L, WBC ≤10×109/L, normal spleen size, asymptomatic); partial hematologic response (PHR: hct ≤45% without PHL or response in 3 or more of the CHR categories); no hematologic response (NHR: failure to meet the criteria of CHR or PHR); complete molecular response (CMR: reduction of JAK2V617F marker to undetectable levels); partial molecular response (PMR: ≥50% reduction in pts with '50% mutant allele burden at baseline, or ≥25% reduction in pts with >50% mutant allele burden at baseline; applicable only to pts with ≥10% baseline allele burden); and no molecular response (NMR: failure to meet the criteria of CMR or PMR). Of the 30 pts treated with rIFNá-2b, 14 had a CHR, 13 had a PHR and 3 had NHR. Of 14 pts who had a CHR, 4 had a PMR and 10 had NMR. Of thirteen pts who had a PHR, 1 had a PMR and 12 had NMR. All 3 pts who had NHR also had NMR. Based on these data, the statistical agreement between hematologic response and molecular response was poor (kappa coefficient = 0.06, P=0.17). We then examined the hematologic responses (HR: CHR+PHR) of 25 non-rIFNá-2b treated pts, which included PHL ± anagrelide (3 pts: 2 HR/NMR, 1 NHR/NMR), dasatinib (5 pts: 5 HR/NMR), imatinib (9 pts: 3 HR/PMR, 4 HR/NMR, 2 NHR/NMR), and hydroxyurea (8 pts: 1 CHR/PMR, 7 HR/NMR). The minimal molecular response to dasatinib and hydroxyurea is noteworthy. Likewise, there was poor statistical agreement between hematologic response and molecular response for non-rIFNá-2b treated patients (kappa coefficient = 0.05, P=0.21). Of all 55 pts (rIFNá-2b and non-rIFNá-2b), those 9 patients with a PMR had a hematologic response (7 CHR and 2 PHR). Of 46 NMR's, 40 pts (87%) had a hematologic response (16 CHR, 24 PHR). Thus, NMR did not exclude the possibility of achieving CHR. Regardless of therapy, we demonstrate poor agreement between hematologic and molecular responses for these drugs (all pts: kappa = 0.05, P=0.13). This suggests a difference in action between peg-IFNá-2a, shown to cause molecular and hematologic responses concurrently, and several drugs we examined leading to clinical response without necessarily changing JAK2V617F allele burden. In this regard, other parameters such as bone marrow morphology and new biological markers may be useful in reconciling the differences. In summary, we find that a hematologic response is not always accompanied by a molecular response in PV pts treated with either rIFNá-2b or some non-rIFNá-2b drugs. We thus conclude that a reduction in JAK2V617F allele burden is not always required for patients to achieve hematologic response, and that following the JAK2V617F biomarker may be drug-dependent and may not always be a reliable measure of response. This warrants the importance of the randomized trial planned to compare peg-IFNá-2a to the current standard of treatment, hydroxyurea. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Guan, Haiyan, Mingbo Zhou, Bangshao Yin, Ling Xu, and Jianxin Song. "Synthesis and characterization of π–extended “earring” subporphyrins." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (July 30, 2018): 1956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.170.

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A π-extended “earring” subporphyrin 3 was synthesized from β,β′-diiodosubporphyrin and diboryltripyrrane via a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and following oxidation. Its Pd complex 3Pd was also synthesized and both of the compounds were fully characterized by 1H NMR, MS and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The 1H NMR spectra and single crystal structures revealed that aromatic ring current did not extend to the “ear” in both of the two compounds. Their UV–vis/NIR spectra were recorded and the absorption of both compounds is extended to the NIR region and that the absorption of 3Pd is further red-shifted and more intense.

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Yoshida, Yukihiko, Yasumitsu Matsuo, and Seiichiro Ikehata. "1H-NMR and 77Se-NMR in CsHSeO4." Solid State Ionics 176, no. 31-34 (October 2005): 2457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2005.06.024.

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Gledhill, John M., and A. Joshua Wand. "SEnD NMR: Sensitivity Enhanced n-Dimensional NMR." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 202, no. 2 (February 2010): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2009.11.005.

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36

Krishnan, Gokul, Shubhada Karanth, Sudha Vidyasagar, Archit Aggarwal, Anurupa Udupi, Suresh Karanth, and Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri. "Association between Hematological Parameters and Severity of Covid-19 Infections." F1000Research 13 (May 20, 2024): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148734.1.

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Background This study aimed to determine the relationships between hematological parameters- hemoglobin, Total Leucocyte Counts (TLC), platelet counts, Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC), Absolute Lymphocyte Counts (ALC), Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and the severity of COVID 19 infections and their use in predicting severity of COVID-19 infections. Methods and Material This was a prospective, observational, single-center study of 573 symptomatic adult inpatients of COVID 19 admitted to our tertiary care center. Statistical analysis used The above-mentioned hematological parameter levels were noted and compared between the two categories of COVID-19 infection, namely non-severe and severe COVID-19 using logistic regression methods. Their cut-off values were detected using the ROC curve. Results The median TLC, ANC, NLR, SII, NMR, PLR were notably higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with non-severe COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that NMR (OR=1.029, p=0.006) and ALC (OR=0.999, p=0.002) were statistically significant independent predictors of COVID-19 severity Conclusions The hematological parameters mentioned, can be used for predicting severe COVID-19 infections at admission. ALC and NMR levels could be used as hematological markers to predict severity of COVID-19 in adult patients with their cut off values being < 1105 cells/cubic millimeter and > 10.434 respectively.

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Krishnan, Gokul, Shubhada Karanth, Sudha Vidyasagar, Archit Aggarwal, Anurupa Udupi, Suresh Karanth, and Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri. "Association between Hematological Parameters and Severity of Covid-19 Infections." F1000Research 13 (September 2, 2024): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148734.2.

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Background This study aimed to determine the relationships between hematological parameters- hemoglobin, Total Leucocyte Counts (TLC), platelet counts, Absolute Neutrophil Counts (ANC), Absolute Lymphocyte Counts (ALC), Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index (SII), Neutrophil Monocyte Ratio (NMR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and the severity of COVID 19 infections and their use in predicting severity of COVID-19 infections. Methods and Material This was a prospective, observational, single-center study of 573 symptomatic adult inpatients of COVID 19 admitted to our tertiary care center. Statistical analysis used The above-mentioned hematological parameter levels were noted and compared between the two categories of COVID-19 infection, namely non-severe and severe COVID-19 using logistic regression methods. Their cut-off values were detected using the ROC curve. Results The median TLC, ANC, NLR, SII, NMR, PLR were notably higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with non-severe COVID-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that NMR (OR=1.029, p=0.006) and ALC (OR=0.999, p=0.002) were statistically significant independent predictors of COVID-19 severity Conclusions The hematological parameters mentioned, can be used for predicting severe COVID-19 infections at admission. ALC and NMR levels could be used as hematological markers to predict severity of COVID-19 in adult patients with their cut off values being < 1105 cells/cubic millimeter and > 10.434 respectively.

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Koenig, Jack L. "Spectroscopic Characterization of the Molecular Structure of Elastomeric Networks." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 73, no. 3 (July 1, 2000): 385–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547598.

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Abstract In vulcanization, chemical crosslinks are formed across elastomeric polymer chains improving both the strength and elastic properties of the rubber. An understanding of the formation, structure, and stability of vulcanizates is therefore very important. Solid-state NMR and NMR imaging have been effective methods to study many different aspects of vulcanization. In solid-state NMR, several peaks appear in the C-13 spectrum of vulcanized rubber. Through model studies, NMR analysis, and chemical shift additivity calculations, these peaks were assigned to their respective vulcanizate structures. Once this assignment was made, the concentration of each vulcanizate structure formed could be followed with time under a variety of different conditions. In unaccelerated sulfur vulcanization of natural rubber (NR) and polybutadiene rubber (BR), many inefficient (cyclic or intramolecular) structures were formed as compared to intermolecular crosslinks. In accelerated NR and BR sulfur vulcanization, NMR was used to study vulcanizate concentration dependence on (a) type of formulation (efficient, semi-efficient, or conventional), (b) type of accelerator, (c) extent of cure, and (d) different concentration of ingredients (sulfur, activator, etc.). Solid-state NMR was also used to study different parameters in butyl rubber and to identify elastomers in binary blends of chloroprene rubber (CR) and NR, CR and chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), NR and CSM, and styrene—butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile—butadiene rubber (NBR) as well as the tertiary blend of NR/SBR/BR. In several studies, the effect of filler (carbon black or silica) on vulcanization was studied. Additionally, the thermo-oxidative degradation of sulfur vulcanizates in NR with heating time and temperature was observed using NMR. NMR imaging has been useful in the determination of internal inhomogeneities arising from inadequate mixing, gradients in crosslinking chemistry, filler distribution, blends, and coagents.

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Feng, Jue-Rong, Xiao Qiu, Fan Wang, Peng-Fei Chen, Qian Gao, Ya-Nan Peng, Xue Lin, et al. "Diagnostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Crohn’s Disease." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3526460.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and non-CD controls. These ratios were all derived from complete blood counts. Two hundred and six participants including CD inpatients and non-CD controls were retrospectively enrolled. We found statistically higher NLR and PLR and lower LMR in CD patients than in non-CD controls (all P<0.01). However, NMR was not different between the two groups (P=0.18). In addition, NLR, PLR, and LMR were associated with CRP and ESR. Optimal cutoffs for NLR and PLR were 2.72 (sensitivity: 68.3%, specificity: 75.9%, and overall accuracy: 70.1%) and 132.88 (sensitivity: 76.7%, specificity: 84.8%, and overall accuracy: 80.8%), respectively. In conclusion, the NLR and PLR might be effective, readily available, and low-cost biomarkers for differentiating CD patients from non-CD controls.

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Asakura, Katsuo. "NMR Data Processing Software “JASON”, by the NMR Manufacturer, for the NMR Users." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 82, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.82.281.

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Putzu, Carlo, Riccardo Serra, Rachele Campus, Giovanni Maria Fadda, Claudio Sini, Andrea Marongiu, Giorgio Carlo Ginesu, et al. "Complete Blood Count-Based Biomarkers as Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with PD-L1 < 50% Treated with First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy." Current Oncology 31, no. 9 (August 26, 2024): 4955–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31090367.

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Background: The aim of the study was to investigate a series of complete blood cell count-based biomarkers of systemic inflammation as predictors of clinical outcomes in patients who underwent first-line chemoimmunotherapy for advanced NSCLC. Methods: Consecutive patients with pathologically diagnosed stage III/IV NSCLC and PD-L1 < 50% who underwent first-line chemoimmunotherapy were retrospectively enrolled. The clinical outcomes used for biomarker evaluation were Objective Response Rate (ORR) and Overall Survival (OS). Results: Non-responders had significantly higher values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, median: 5.36; IQR: 2.78–10.82 vs. 3.31; IQR: 2.15–4.12, p = 0.019), neutrophil to monocyte ratio (NMR, median: 14.00; IQR: 8.82–21.20 vs. 9.20; IQR: 7.45–11.20, p = 0.013), and systemic inflammation index (SII, median: 1395; IQR: 929–3334 vs. 945; IQR: 552–1373, p = 0.025), but only NLR and NMR remained independently associated with clinical response in multivariate logistic regression. In the univariate analysis, white blood cells (OR:1.2202; 95% CI: 1.0339–1.4400, p = 0.019), neutrophils (OR:1.2916; 95% CI: 1.0692–1.5604, p = 0.008), NLR (OR:1.3601: 95% CI: 1.0949–1.6896, p = 0.005) and NMR (OR:1.2159; 95% CI: 1.00396–1.4221, p = 0.015) were significantly associated with survival; Cox regression models confirmed that neutrophils, NLR, and MLR were independently associated with survival; NLR, at a cut-off value of 4.0, showed the better AUC (0.749) in predicting OS. Conclusions: Baseline complete blood cell count biomarkers, especially the NLR, can predict clinical outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy.

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Conejo-Dávila, Alain Salvador, Marco Armando Moya-Quevedo, David Chávez-Flores, Alejandro Vega-Rios, and Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras. "Role of the Anilinium Ion on the Selective Polymerization of Anilinium 2-Acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 2349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142349.

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The development of anilinium 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (Ani-AMPS) monomer, confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR, is systematically studied. Ani-AMPS contains two polymerizable functional groups, so it was submitted to selective polymerization either by free-radical or oxidative polymerization. Therefore, poly(anilinium 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic) [Poly(Ani-AMPS)] and polyaniline doped with 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid [PAni-AMPS] can be obtained. First, the acrylamide polymer, poly(Ani-AMPS), favored the π-stacking of the anilinium group produced by the inter- and intra-molecular interactions and was studied utilizing 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis-NIR. Furthermore, poly(Ani-AMPS) fluorescence shows quenching in the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the emission spectrum at 347 nm. In contrast, the typical behavior of polyaniline is observed in the cyclic voltammetry analysis for PAni-AMPS. The optical properties also show a significant change at pH 4.4. The PAni-AMPS structure was corroborated through FTIR, while the thermal properties and morphology were analyzed utilizing TGA, DSC (except PAni-AMPS), and FESEM.

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IWAOKA, Hideto, Hiroyuki MATSUURA, Tadashi SUGIYAMA, and Takaaki HIRATA. "Fast-Scan NMR Imaging." Transactions of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers 23, no. 4 (1987): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9746/sicetr1965.23.326.

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Buntkowsky, Gerd, and Torsten Gutmann. "PASADENA NMR." Nature Catalysis 5, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): 848–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41929-022-00859-3.

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Martineau, C., and F. Taulelle. "NMR Crystallography." EPJ Web of Conferences 30 (2012): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20123002003.

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Giraud, N. "FAST NMR." EPJ Web of Conferences 30 (2012): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20123005002.

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Cheng, Hong-Ming. "Ophthalmic NMR." Keio Journal of Medicine 37, no. 4 (1988): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2302/kjm.37.434.

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KAMEI, Hirotake. "NMR Imaging." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 10, no. 39 (1990): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.10.228.

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KUROKI, SHIGEKI, and ISAO ANDO. "NMR Method." Sen'i Gakkaishi 49, no. 4 (1993): P135—P139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.49.4_p135.

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Warren, Warren S. "NMR Perspectives." Science 277, no. 5334 (September 26, 1997): 1946–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5334.1946.

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