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Patchett, Brian, Ravi Gooneratne, Lester Fletcher, and Bruce Chapman. "Seasonal distribution of loline alkaloid concentration in meadow fescue infected with Neotyphodium uncinatum." Crop and Pasture Science 62, no. 7 (2011): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp11017.
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Loline alkaloids are present in meadow fescue containing the endophyte (Neotyphodium uncinatum Gams, Petrini and Schmidt) (Clavicipitacae). Root, crown and shoot loline alkaloid concentrations in 10 selected lines from meadow fescue ecotypes are reported for the first time, from a Canterbury farm during 2004–05. The concentrations of four loline alkaloid derivatives, N-formyl loline (NFL), N-acetyl loline (NAL), N-acetyl norloline (NANL) and N-methyl loline (NML), in these lines (each line represented by one genotype) were determined at four harvest dates during late spring, late summer, and early and late autumn. There were marked differences in loline alkaloid concentration between lines and seasons. Maximum shoot loline concentration was recorded in summer (up to 2860 µg/g in Fp408). Root loline alkaloid concentration was substantially higher in late autumn (up to 790 µg/g in Fp408) and the shoot concentration correspondingly lower than in spring, summer and early autumn suggesting loline alkaloid transportation from shoots to roots. In the lines tested at each of the four harvest dates in spring, summer, and autumn, the root, crown, and shoot alkaloid concentration with minor exceptions was NFL > NAL > NANL > NML.
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Eftaxias, Alexandros, Evangelia Anna Passa, Christos Michailidis, Christodoulos Daoutis, Apostolos Kantartzis, and Vasileios Diamantis. "Residual Forest Biomass in Pinus Stands: Accumulation and Biogas Production Potential." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 5233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145233.
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Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant resource that can be valorized for the production of bioenergy. However, studies aiming to quantify the amount of biogas production potential per km forest road are scarce in the literature. In this study, fresh pine needles, pine needle litter, pine branches, and pine bark were digested in batch reactors under mesophilic conditions after a grinding/milling pre-treatment. All samples were collected from a low-altitude Mediterranean Pinus forest (North Greece) adjacent to a category G forest road with a gentle slope. The methane yield of fresh pine needles was between 115 and 164 NmL g−1 volatile solids (VS), depending on the Pinus tree size. Pine needle litter produced a significantly lower methane yield (between 58 and 77 NmL g−1 VS), followed by pine bark (85 NmL g−1 VS) and pine branches (138 NmL g−1 VS). Considering the quantity of pine needle litter accumulated on adjacent forest roads (600 ± 200 g m−2), it was possible to calculate the biomethane production potential per km of forest road (up to 500 Nm3 km−1) if the biomass collected was disposed of at an anaerobic digestion facility. The results of the study demonstrate that residual forest biomass represents an additional resource for bioenergy production. Moreover, harvesting residual forest biomass can decrease the incidence of devastating summer forest fires and their disastrous consequences for the environment, the economy, and the local populations.
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Nepal, Rajeev M., Stephane B. Dion, Ana Gabriela Grajales, Maria Major, Alejandro Cane, and Jelena Vojicic. "911. Assessment of Representativeness of IPD Surveillance Conducted by the National Microbiology Laboratory of Canada." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1099.
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Abstract Background Understanding the evolving epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes is important for assessing the current and potential future immunization programs. In Canada, Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is mandatory reportable to provincial/territorial public health. Provinces and territories voluntarily submit annual IPD data to the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (CNDSS), which publishes information on IPD cases and incidence rates, however serotype data are not available. Provinces/territories also voluntarily submit IPD isolates to the National Microbiology laboratory (NML) for serotyping; provinces that conduct their own serotyping submit this information. The NML produces comprehensive IPD surveillance reports including serotype distribution; due to lack of population denominator, no incidence rates are available. The two surveillance programs are not linked. The objective of the study is to assess the representativeness of the NML surveillance as compared to the CNDSS and provincial reportable diseases databases. Methods Over the study time period (2010-2017), we compared annual IPD case counts between the NML and CNDSS reports. Due to the difference in age grouping between CNDSS and NML, comparison was limited to these groups: all age, < 5, 5-14 and > 15 years. In addition, the IPD counts from NML were compared to data from four largest provinces. Results For < 5 group, NML reported 91% of CNDSS case count whereas for 5-14 and > 15 years of age, it was 81% and 79%, respectively. Compared to the corresponding provincial databases, NML reported 91%, 97%, and 93% case counts for Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta, respectively, while it was only 47% for Quebec. Further analysis revealed that the discrepancy in Quebec is the result of under-representation of >5 populations. Figure 1: Comparison of age stratified IPD case counts between CNDSS and NML Figure 2. Comparison of all age IPD case counts between NML and provincial databases Conclusion IPD surveillance conducted by NML has been instrumental to gain insight into the evolving epidemiology of S. pneumoniae serotypes in Canada. Comparisons of IPD counts from NML surveillance reports with reportable disease databases revealed different levels of concordance across provinces and age groups. The limitations of NML surveillance including incomplete or inconsistent reporting should be taken into consideration when interpreting the data. Disclosures Rajeev M. Nepal, PhD, Pfizer (Employee) Stephane B. Dion, PhD, Pfizer (Employee) Ana Gabriela Grajales, MD, Pfizer (Employee) Maria Major, B.Sc., MPH, Pfizer (Employee) Alejandro Cane, MD, Pfizer (Employee) Jelena Vojicic, MD, Pfizer (Employee)
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Tracz, Dobryan M., Matthew W. Gilmour, Philip Mabon, Daniel R. Beniac, Linda Hoang, Pamela Kibsey, Gary Van Domselaar, et al. "Tatumella saanichensis sp. nov., isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_6 (June 1, 2015): 1959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000207.
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Polyphasic taxonomic analysis was performed on a clinical isolate (NML 06-3099T) from a cystic fibrosis patient, including whole-genome sequencing, proteomics, phenotypic testing, electron microscopy, chemotaxonomy and a clinical investigation. Comparative whole-genome sequence analysis and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) between Tatumella ptyseos ATCC 33301T and clinical isolate NML 06-3099T suggested that the clinical isolate was closely related to, but distinct from, the species T. ptyseos. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the clinical isolate shared 98.7 % sequence identity with T. ptyseos ATCC 33301T. A concatenate of six MLSA loci (totalling 4500 bp) revealed < 93.9 % identity between T. ptyseos ATCC 33301T, other members of the genus and the clinical isolate. A whole-genome sequence comparison between NML 06-3099T and ATCC 33301T determined that the average nucleotide identity was 76.24 %. The overall DNA G+C content of NML 06-3099T was 51.27 %, consistent with members of the genus Tatumella. By matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS analysis, NML 06-3099T had a genus-level match, but not a species-level match, to T. ptyseos. By shotgun proteomics, T. ptyseos ATCC 33301T and NML 06-3099T were found to have unique proteomes. The two strains had similar morphologies and multiple fimbriae, as observed by transmission electron microscopy, but were distinguishable by phenotypic testing. Cellular fatty acids found were typical for members of the Enterobacteriaceae. NML 06-3099T was susceptible to commonly used antibiotics. Based on these data, NML 06-3099T represents a novel species in the genus Tatumella, for which the name Tatumella saanichensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain NML 06-3099T = CCUG 55408T = DSM 19846T).
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Hoai An, Vu Thi. "BIO-METHANE POTENTIAL TEST FOR ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION OF FAECAL SLUDGE AND SEWAGE SLUDGE." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, no. 4C (March 24, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/4c/12125.
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Faecal sludge (FS) samples taken in Hanoi urban area had COD values ranging from 2.83 g/L to 83.83 g/L,TN values from 0.18 g/L to 3.95 g/L, and VS/TS ratio from 47.5 % to 87.7 %. Sewage sludge (SS) samples taken from sewage treatment plants in Hanoi had COD values ranging from 2.22 g/L to 24.97 g/L, TN from 0.16 g/L to 1.24 g/L, VS/TS ratio from 53.5 % to 69.5 %. Bio-methane potential (BMP) tests at mesophilic anaerobic condition (35 oC) provided results of methane production from FS, primary sewage sludge (PSS), waste activated sludge (WAS1 and WAS2) and mixture of primary and secondary sewage sludge at sludge thickener (WAS) as much as 242.3 NmL/gVS, 310.5 NmL/gVS, 294 NmL/gVS, 228.2 NmL/gVS and 282.3 NmL/gVS, respectively. Co-digestion of FS and WAS at different mixing ratios provided from 269.3 NmL to 294.8 NmL CH4 per gram of fed substrate VS. The values of methane yield have shown promising sludge-to-energy option with FS-SS co-digestion. FS-SS co-digestion in anaerobic digesters built at municipal sewage treatment plants which are often working under capacity provides chance to combat with FS and SS challenges, utilizing infrastructure facilities efficiently.
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Vaculínová, Marta. "From the Life of the National Museum Library in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 62, no. 3-4 (2017): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amnpsc-2017-0034.
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The aim of the paper is to show the situation of the National Museum Library (NML) in the period of 1939–1945 based on archival documents. Central changes made by the Nazis affected people as well as their work in the NML. It was not possible to continue as before – some employees had been arrested or executed by the Gestapo. Nevertheless, the number of the NML staff increased as a result of the transfer of officials from the closed Ministry of War and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Two employees of German nationality joined the NML based on the new rules concerning the relations between Czechs and Germans in public services. The operation of the library came under the supervision of Professor Carl Wehmer, who planned a cataloguing reform, was in charge of the book collections and ensured their later evacuation. The plans for a new NML exhibition were cancelled and replaced by propagandistic exhibitions imported from Germany, such as Deutsche Größe. The Nazi ideologists planned to return the National Museum and its library to the original idea of the land museum. Also Emil Franzel, a former leading member of the German Social Democracy in Czechoslovakia, a later member of the Sudeten German Party and in 1940–1941 an official in the NML, followed the idea of a land museum in his book History of the National Museum Library (Prague 1942), the first monograph on the history of the NML.
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Farzaneh, Farnoosh, Reza Faghih Mirzaee, and Keivan Navi. "Novel implementation of 3D multiplexers in nano magnetic logic technology." Microelectronics International 37, no. 4 (July 20, 2020): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-06-2020-0036.
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Purpose Owing to recent challenges of CMOS manufacturing and power consumption in silicon technologies among alternative technologies, Nanomagnetic logic (NML) is one of the most promising technologies, so it was selected for this study. NML is non-volatile with ultra-low power dissipation that operates at room temperature. This paper aims to propose novel implementation of 2% and 4% multiplexers (MUXs) in NML technology. Design/methodology/approach The proposed multiplexers in NML technology are verified by HDL-based simulators. In addition, this study estimated area and power dissipation of the proposed design to compare and approve the promising improvements in comparison to other similar NML implementations. Findings The results show the remarkable improvements in terms of APDP term in comparison to the recent proposed MUXs in NML technology which are reported in Table 2. The proposed implementation of the MUX in NML is designed in three-dimensional layout to improve interconnection complexity which is an integration challenge. Also, by facilitating the routing signals and total wire length needed for clock signals, the negative impact of the power dissipated in clock wires is improved. Originality/value These findings would appeal to a broad audience, such as the readership of Microelectronics International Journal. The authors confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. All authors have approved the paper and agreed with submission to Microelectronics International Journal. The authors have read and have abided by the statement of ethical standards for manuscripts submitted to Microelectronics International Journal. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Cairo, Fabrizio, Marco Vacca, Giovanna Turvani, Maurizio Zamboni, and Mariagrazia Graziano. "Domain Wall Interconnections for NML." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 25, no. 11 (November 2017): 3067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2017.2739748.
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Kara, Mehmet, Sonay Caner, Ayşe Günay Gökben, Ceyda Cengiz, Esra İşgör Şimşek, and Soner Yıldırım. "Validation of an Instrument for Preservice Teachers and an Investigation of Their New Media Literacy." Journal of Educational Computing Research 56, no. 7 (October 10, 2017): 1005–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633117731380.
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This study aims to validate a recent new media literacy (NML) instrument and investigating NML levels of Turkish preservice teachers. A refined NML framework formed the theoretical basis of the study. The data were collected from 972 preservice teachers enrolled in 11 teacher training programs in 5 public universities in Turkey. The language equivalency, construct validity, internal consistency, item consistency, and item discrimination were provided for the validity and reliability of the adapted scales. The results indicated that preservice teachers had the highest level of literacy in Functional Consuming Skills and the lowest level of literacy in Critical Prosuming Participation while differences were found in terms of gender and teacher training program. The results also expanded the new media literature and promoted the generalizability of the current NML framework with the participation of preservice teachers while producing similar findings with those of the previous ones.
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Ghimire, Nirmal, Rune Bakke, and Wenche Hennie Bergland. "Thermophilic Methane Production from Hydrothermally Pretreated Norway Spruce (Picea abies)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 4989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144989.
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Norway spruce (Picea abies) is an industrially important softwood species available in northern Europe and can be used to produce bio-methane after proper pretreatment to overcome its recalcitrant complex structure. Hot water extraction (HWE) pretreatment at two different conditions (170 °C for 90 min (severity 4.02) and 140 °C for 300 min (severity 3.65)) was applied to extract hemicellulosic sugars from Norway spruce for thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) of the hydrolysate. The methane yield of hydrolysate prepared at the lower pretreatment severity was found to be 189 NmL/gCOD compared to 162 NmL/gCOD after the higher pretreatment severity suggesting higher pretreatment severity hampers the methane yield due to the presence of inhibitors formed due to sugars and lignin degradation and soluble lignin, extracted partially along with hemicellulosic sugars. Synthetic hydrolysates simulating real hydrolysates (H170syn and H140syn) had improved methane yield of 285 NmL/gCOD and 295 NmL/gCOD, respectively in the absence of both the inhibitors and soluble lignin. An effect of organic loadings (OLs) on the methane yield was observed with a negative correlation between OL and methane yield. The maximum methane yield was 290 NmL/gCOD for hydrolysate pretreated at 140 °C compared to 195 NmL/gCOD for hydrolyate pretreated at 170 °C, both at the lowest OL of 6 gCOD/L. Therefore, both pretreatment conditions and OL need to be considered for efficient methane production from extracted hydrolysate. Such substrates can be utilized in continuous flow industrial AD with well-adapted cultures with stable organic loading rates.
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Gurung, DB, BR Pandey, SR Upadhyay, B. Pokhrel, and JB Kshetri. "Heterosis and yield potentialities of promising maize hybrids suitable for Terai and inner Terai environments of Nepal." Agronomy Journal of Nepal 1 (February 3, 2013): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7544.
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Heterosis has made a dramatic impact on the developing of breeding methods and high yields in many field crops during the 20th century. In general, heterosis is greatest in cross pollinated compared to self pollinated crops and thus widely exploited for hybrid cultivar development. Standard heterosis is one of the most important parameters in commercialization of maize hybrids. A new hybrid must be superior to the standard hybrids in terms of grain yield and other economic traits. We have analyzed four coordinated varietal trials of hybrids, 3 of which were conducted at NMRP, Rampur and another was tested at NMRP, Rampur and at ARS, Belachapi, Janakpur from 2006 to 2008 in order to determine the standard heterosis of the promising hybrids. The objective of this study was to evaluate hybrids under different production domains and to select superior hybrids for commercialization. Standard heterosis was calculated based on the best check hybrids and Indian commercial hybrids. The hybrids showed significant differences for grain yields and days to silking in all the trials. Standard heterosis of the tested hybrids ranged from - 39.4 to 47.8%. Most of the hybrids showed positive standard heterosis for grain yield. Hybrids namely; RML- 4/NML-2, RML-6/RML-8, NML-1/RML-8 in 2006 and RML-57/RL-174, NML-1/RML-6 and RL-197/NML-2 in 2008 had more than15% standard heterosis for grain yield evaluated at NMRP, Rampur. Hybrid between RML- 4/NML-2 had only shown positive standard heterosis in 2007 at NMRP, Rampur. RML-4/NML-2, NML-1/RL-17 and RL-111/RL-189 were superior hybrids, which had >15% standard heterosis across NMRP, Rampur and at ARS, Belachapi, Janakpur in 2008. Seed production aspect of these selected hybrids should be studied to develop a complete package of practices for F1 hybrid seed production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v1i0.7544 Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 1: 2010 pp.67-73
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Manzo, Alejandro Gabriel. "Enforceability of judgments against sovereign States: critical analysis of the NML vs. Argentina injunction." Revista Direito GV 14, no. 2 (August 2018): 682–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-6172201826.
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Abstract Sentences against sovereign States are difficult to enforce in courts. The Court of New York, in “NML Capital Ltd. vs. Argentina” (NML), tried to solve this situation with an injunction that blocked the payments of Argentina’s sovereign debt. The specialized literature has theoretically predicted that this injunction would cause harm to third parties and problems with other States. This article empirically corroborates these predictions with the analysis of a trial derived from NML: the “Citibank Argentina” case. The analysis of this case confirms the restraints presented by the literature about the lack of proper consideration of the requirements that the American legal system imposes for the applicability of an injunction that affects third parties and operates extraterritorially. Similarly, this paper argues that there are solid legal reasons for the authorities of third countries to declare inadmissible the extraterritorial effects of an injunction, such as the one obtained by NML, when those effects fall on assets and agents located in these authorities jurisdiction.
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Khadka, Aakash, Anmol Parajuli, Sheila Dangol, Bijay Thapa, Lokesh Sapkota, Alessandro A. Carmona-Martínez, and Anish Ghimire. "Effect of the Substrate to Inoculum Ratios on the Kinetics of Biogas Production during the Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030834.
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This study evaluates the effects of the varying substrate to inoculum ratios (S:I) of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (volatile solids/VS basis) on the kinetics of biogas production during batch mesophilic (35 ± 1 °C) anaerobic digestion (AD) of simulated food waste (FW), using anaerobic digestate as the inoculum. Kinetic parameters during biogas production (scrubbed with NaOH solution) are predicted by the first-order and the modified Gompertz model. The observed average specific biogas yields are in descending order corresponding to the S:I ratios 1, 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, and 0.5, respectively, and the significant effect of the S:I ratio was observed. The tests with the S:I of 1 have the maximum average biogas production rates of 88.56 NmL/gVS.d, whereas tests with the S:I of 6 exhibited the lowest production rates (24.61 NmL/gVS.d). The maximum biogas yields, predicted by the first order and the modified Gompertz model, are 668.65 NmL/gVS (experimental 674.40 ± 29.10 NmL/gVS) and 653.17 NmL/gVS, respectively. The modified Gompertz model has been proven to be suitable in predicting biogas production from FW. VS removal efficiency is greater in higher S:I ratios, with a maximum of 78.80 % at the S:I ratio of 6, supported by the longer incubation time. Moreover, a significant effect of the S:I ratio is seen on kinetics and energy recovery from the AD of FW.
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Lee, Jihyun, Jin Hwa Lee, Seonmi Baik, Eun Cho, Dong Won Kim, Hee Jin Kwon, and Eun Kyung Kim. "Non-mass lesions on screening breast ultrasound." Medical Ultrasonography 18, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.11152/mu-871.
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of a non-mass lesion (NML) which is recognized during screening breast ultrasound (US). Materials and methods: We included patients with a NML on screening breast US and no suspicious finding on mammography between March 2008 and June 2012. The final diagnoses were based on pathology results and a clinical or sonographic follow-up for more than 12 months. We calculated the incidence, likelihood of malignancy, and positive predictive value (PPV) of biopsy with a review of imaging and histopathological findings. Results: A total of 17868 screening breast US were performed in 8856 asymptomatic patients. Ninety-five NMLs were detected in 88 patients (1.0%). Among the 93 lesions that were followed or confirmed histopathologically, 2 (2.2%) were malignant, 89 (95.6%) were benign, and 2 (2.2%) were high risk lesions. The likelihood of malignancy in a NML on screening breast US was 2.2% and the PPV of biopsy was 6.3% (2 of 32). Conclusion: The likelihood of malignancy for a NML on screening breast US was greater than 2%. It could be classified as a BI-RADS category 4a lesion and tissue diagnosis is warranted. This provides the potential management guidelines for a NML in screening patients and further prospective studies in a large, multicenter screening population are required.
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Shalygina, Elena E., Alisa Rozhnovskaya, and Alexander Shalygin. "The Influence of Quantum Size Effects on Magnetic Properties of Thin-Film Systems." Solid State Phenomena 190 (June 2012): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.190.514.
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Results on the investigation of magnetic and magneto-optical properties of Fe/NML/Fe (NML: Mo, Ta) thin-film systems are presented. The examined samples were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering technique. The hysteresis loops and spectral dependencies of the transverse Kerr effect (TKE) were measured employing the magneto-optical magnetometer and the magneto-optical spectrometer, respectively. The saturation field of the examined trilayers was revealed to oscillate as a function of the NML layer thickness, and the period of these oscillations to depend on the Fe layer thickness. The TKE spectra of the studied systems were found to be identical but the TKE values depend on the thickness of both Fe and Mo, Ta layers.
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Spikes, Michael A., and David N. Rapp. "Examining instructional practices in news media literacy: shifts in instruction and co-construction." Information and Learning Sciences 123, no. 1/2 (February 3, 2022): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-08-2021-0072.
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Purpose As technology enables the rapid spread of mis- and disinformation, a critical challenge for scholars and practitioners involves building student’s news media literacy (NML), a subset of media literacy education centered around journalism. This paper aims to offer a case study of secondary civics classrooms that use NML lessons and current events in their curricula, providing an empirical account of teaching techniques being used to support students' dispositions and practices. Design/methodology/approach This multiple case study investigates three secondary classes taught by two teachers. Data collection methods included observations, field notes and interviews with the teachers. Discourse and actions were analyzed by probing the participant structures and means of classroom management. Findings The findings highlight instructional techniques used by both teachers which consisted of instructionist and constructivist approaches, with informative shifts observed between the two. The teachers used instructionist methods when transmitting declarative knowledge (such as key definitions), and constructivist methods when working with students to consider more abstract concepts and developing news stories. Originality/value The demand for NML and associated pedagogy is increasing given awareness of the rapid spread and problematic influence of mis-and disinformation. There is a critical need for describing teachers’ implementations of these pedagogies, given calls for enacting NML into public policy despite limited awareness of the ways they actually unfold in classrooms. The current project shows how instructionist and constructivist frames prove helpful for understanding instructional practices, and for contemplating anticipated designs of NML pedagogy in classrooms.
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Sharma, Hari Prasad, Krishna Hari Dhakal, Raju Kharel, and Jiban Shrestha. "Estimation of heterosis in yield and yield attributing traits in single cross hybrids of maize." Journal of Maize Research and Development 2, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmrd.v2i1.16223.
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A field experiment was conducted at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season from 6th October, 2015 to 5th March 2016 to estimate different heterosis on single cross maize hybrids . Thirteen maize hybrids were tested randomized complete block design with three replications. Hybrid namely RML-98/RL-105 gave the highest standard heterosis (57.5%) for grain yield over CP-666 followed by RML-4/NML-2 (32.6%), RML-95/RL-105 (29%) and RML-5/RL-105 (20.6%). The hybrid RML-98/RL-105 produced the highest standard heterosis (75.1%) for grain yield over Rajkumar followed by RML-4/NML-2(50.2%), RML-95/RL-105(46.6%), RML-5/RL-105 and (35.7%). Mid and better parent heterosis were significantly higher for yield and yield attributes viz. ear length, ear diameter, no of kernel row per ear, no of kernel per row and test weight. The highest positive mid-parent heterosis for grain yield was found in RML-98/RL-105 followed by RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2. For the grain yield the better parent heterosis was the highest in RML-98/RL-105, followed by RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2. These results suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating hybrids namely RML-98/RL-105, RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2.
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Cabanillas, Fernando, Jose Luis Ortega, Noridza Rivera-Rodriguez, Blanca Rodriguez, Wandaly Ibis Pardo, Orestes Antonio Pavia, Margarita Bruno, and Karen J. Santiago. "Results of upfront therapy for marginal zone lymphoma (MZL)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e19510-e19510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e19510.
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e19510 Background: MZL is an indolent NHL composed of 3 subtypes: extranodal (MALT), splenic marginal zone (SMZL) and nodal marginal zone (NML). While MALT usually presents with early stage, the others frequently present with advanced disease. Early stage MALT is usually treated with XRT or antibiotics with ~85-90% failure free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS), while for SMZL watch and wait or splenectomy (Spl) have been the mainstay of therapy. Spl leads to improvement but rarely to CR. 5 yr FFS and OS with Spl have been 45% and 80%. At 10 yrs FFS and OS are 22% and 62%. NML is usually managed with watch and wait. The 5 yr FFS and OS for NML have been 30% and 60%. Watch and wait and Spl are used in part because advanced MZL is considered incurable. Rituximab (R) as well fludarabine (F) are active in this disorder but traditionally are given after relapse. Methods: Instead of watch and wait or Spl, we have used upfront chemo with curative intent for SMZL and NML as well as for advanced MALT. For early stage MALT we used either XRT alone or antibiotics. We hereby report on 44 pts with MZL of which 31 were MALT, 9 SMZL, 4 NMZL. For the purpose of analysis we divided the pts in 2 groups. Group 1 consists of 22 early stage MALT who were all treated with either XRT (N=17) or antibiotics +/- surgery (N=5). Group 2 consists of 22 cases who were treated with chemo alone. This group is made up of 9 MALT (4 advanced stage, 3 early stage but with transformation, 2 early stage but in whom XRT was contraindicated), 9 advanced stage SMZL, 4 NML. Chemo for group 2 consisted of F, mitoxantrone, dexamethasone, rituximab (FND-R) (N=14) or R-CHOP (N=8). Maintenance R was used in 70% of group 2. Results: Of the whole group, 100% were CR and only 2 relapsed at 70 and 75 months; both relapses were stage I MALT and had received XRT only. Both were salvaged with FND-R and remain NED 27 and 39 months from relapse. At 10 yrs, FFS was 80% and OS=100%. None of the 22 in group 2 have relapsed. The long-term toxicity has been acceptable. Conclusions: The excellent FFS and OS using upfront chemotherapy in group 2, suggests that this disorder is curable and our results should be confirmed in a prospective trial. For those with early stage MALT, XRT alone +/- antibiotics and when necessary salvage with FND-R, should be tested.
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Hilchie, Douglas W. "NML-The Hope for Production Prediction." Journal of Petroleum Technology 40, no. 03 (March 1, 1988): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/17092-pa.
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Weidemaier, W. M. C. "Sovereign debt after NML v Argentina." Capital Markets Law Journal 8, no. 2 (March 12, 2013): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cmlj/kmt004.
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Singh, A. P., J. L. Edwards, and L. M. Ziurys. "The Arizona Radio Observatory 1 mm Spectral Survey of the Hypergiant Star NML Cygni (215–285 GHz)." Astronomical Journal 164, no. 6 (November 1, 2022): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac8df0.
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Abstract A sensitive (1σ rms ≤ 3 mK; 2 MHz resolution) 1 mm spectral survey (214.5–285.5 GHz) of the envelope of the oxygen-rich supergiant star NML Cygni (NML Cyg) has been conducted using the 10 m Submillimeter Telescope of the Arizona Radio Observatory. These data represent the first spectral line survey of NML Cyg and are complementary to a previous 1 mm survey of the envelope of a similar hypergiant, VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa). The complete NML Cyg data set is presented here. In the survey, 104 emission lines were observed, arising from 17 different molecules and 4 unidentified features. Many of the observed features have complex line profiles, arising from asymmetric outflows characteristic of hypergiant stars. While most of the lines in the survey arise from SiO, SO, SO2, and SiS, CO had the strongest emission. Five other C-bearing species are identified in the survey (HCN, CN, HCO+, CS, and HNC), demonstrating an active carbon chemistry despite the O-rich environment. Moreover, NS was observed, but not NO, although favorable transitions of both molecules lie in the surveyed region. Sulfur chemistry appears to be prominent in NML Cyg and plays an important role in the collimated outflows. The refractory species observed, NaCl and AlO, have narrow emission lines, indicating that these molecules do not reach the terminal expansion velocity. NaCl and AlO likely condense into dust grains at r < 50 R *. From NaCl, the chlorine isotope ratio was determined to be 35Cl/37Cl = 3.85 ± 0.30.
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Dos Santos Filho, Derovil Antonio, Laís Roberta Galdino de Oliveira, Waldir Nagel Schirmer, Maurício Alves da Motta Sobrinho, José Fernando Thomé Jucá, and Talita Lucena de Vasconcelos. "AVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE BIOGÁS A PARTIR DA CODIGESTÃO ANAERÓBIA DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS ORGÂNICOS E GLICERINA RESIDUAL." BIOFIX Scientific Journal 3, no. 2 (July 24, 2018): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/biofix.v3i2.59938.
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A produção de energia renovável a partir da biodegradação de resíduos orgânicos, como dejeto animal, lodo de estação de tratamento de esgoto, frutas e vegetais e subprodutos da produção de biodiesel, são de grande importância para a sustentabilidade ambiental e gestão ambiental destes resíduos. Nesse sentido, a digestão anaeróbia é uma alternativa para o tratamento desses materiais, bem como para a geração de biogás e, portanto, energia. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visou determinar o potencial de produção de biogás a partir da codigestão de Resíduos Sólidos Orgânicos (RSO) inoculados com resíduo agrícola (Rúmen Bovino – RB) e lodo de estação de tratamento de efluentes (LD), com e sem adição de Glicerina (GL). Após 80 dias de incubação em frascos do tipo BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) sob condições mesofílicas, o tratamento RSO+RB+LD foi o que apresentou a maior média de volume de biogás acumulado (258 NmL), seguida pelo tratamento RSO+LD (227 NmL) (todos sem adição de glicerina); RSO+RB+LD+GL (196 NmL) e, por fim, RSO+LD+GL (166 NmL) (estes dois últimos tratamentos, portanto, com adição de glicerina). Os tratamentos sem adição de glicerina apresentaram, portanto, uma geração de biogás média 35% superior aos seus tratamentos com glicerina.
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Holder, Nikolai, Marilaine Mota-Meira, Jens Born, and Sarah L. Sutrina. "Bio-Methane Production via Anaerobic Co-Digestion by Optimizing the Mixing Ratios of River Tamarind (Leucaena leucocephala) and Dolphin Fish (Coryphaena hippurus) Offal." Processes 8, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080934.
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Fish offal and other high protein substrates are generally not suitable for anaerobic digestion because of the high levels of ammonia produced as a result of their biodegradation. In order to efficiently use these types of substrates to produce methane, co-digestion is used to balance the amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the feedstock. In this experiment an optimization procedure for maximizing the methane potential of fish offal, using river tamarind as the co-substrates was developed. Our experimental design tested the effects of substrate to substrate mixtures, as well as overall substrate to inoculum combinations, on the methane potentials. This was performed using batch style biochemical methane potential assays, which employed a methodology developed in our laboratory. The optimum of the 25 combinations tested was 50% fish offal to 50% river tamarind at a substrate to inoculum ratio of 0.03, with a specific methane yield of 144 ± 6 NmL/gFM (330 ± 14 NmL/goDM). This gave much improvement when compared with the fish offal alone, which reached 63 ± 4 NmL/gFM (317 ± 20 NmL/goDM) at maximum. These results indicate that with the correct mixture, rivertamarind is a suitable co-substrate for anaerobic co-digestion of fish offal.
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Tugtekin, Esra Barut, and Mustafa Koc. "Understanding the relationship between new media literacy, communication skills, and democratic tendency: Model development and testing." New Media & Society 22, no. 10 (November 8, 2019): 1922–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819887705.
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New media provides new sources of information and communication that are crucial for participatory behaviors. Therefore, scholars conceptualize new media literacy (NML) that citizens should have to function successfully in this digital era. This study proposed and tested a structural model that examines multiple relationships among NML, communication skills (CS), and democratic tendency (DT). Data were collected from 1047 Turkish university students and analyzed through structural equation modeling. Using a comprehensive theoretical framework from the literature, NML was operationalized through four factors: functional consuming (FC), critical consuming (CC), functional prosuming (FP), and critical prosuming (CP). The results showed that FC and FP had a positive effect on CC, CP, and CS; CC had a positive effect on CP and DT; and CS had a positive effect on CC and DT. Findings of indirect effects revealed that CC and CS played mediation roles in the relationship of FC and FP with DT.
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Zhang, B., M. J. Reid, K. M. Menten, X. W. Zheng, and A. Brunthaler. "Distance and Size of the Red Hypergiant NML Cyg." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S287 (January 2012): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312007478.
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AbstractWe present astrometric results of phase-referencing VLBI observations of 22 GHz H2O maser and 43 GHz SiO maser emission towards the red hypergiant NML Cyg using VLBA. We obtained an annual parallax of 0.62 ± 0.04 mas, corresponding to a distance of 1.61+0.13−0.11 kpc. With a VLA observation in its largest (A) configuration at 43 GHz, we barely resolve the radio photosphere of NML Cyg, and find a uniform-disk diameter of 44 ± 16 mas.
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Sulbarán-Rangel, Belkis, Jaime Santiago Alarcón Aguirre, Luz Breton-Deval, Jorge del Real-Olvera, and Kelly Joel Gurubel Tun. "Improvement of Anaerobic Digestion of Hydrolysed Corncob Waste by Organosolv Pretreatment for Biogas Production." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082785.
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This paper describes an organosolv pretreatment of corncob waste to improve its anaerobic digestion for biogas production. Through a thermochemical process based on the use of ethanol and acetic acid, it was possible to separate the fractions of lignin, considered to be a natural inhibitor of anaerobic digestion processes. In addition, with this organosolv pretreatment, the available sugars in the carbohydrates present as monosaccharides, or simple sugars, were depolymerised, facilitating the digestion process. The obtained results include the chemical characterisation of the corncob, the hydrolysate, and the mixture with cow manure, finding that these substrates have potential to be used in anaerobic digestion. The total reducing sugars consumed were 96.8%, and total sugars were 85.75%. It was clearly observed that with the use of pretreatment with organosolv, the production of biogas was superior, because 484 NmL/gVS was obtained compared to the other reported treatments. It was also observed that adding the hydrolysate organosolv increased the production because the values of the control without hydrolysate were 120 NmL/gVS in the bottle experiment. When the experiment was scaled to the 5L reactor, the total volumes of biogas that were accumulated in 15 days of production were 5050 NmL/gVS and 1212 NmL/gVS with and without hydrolysate, respectively. This indicates that the organosolv pretreatment of corncob waste is effective in improving biogas production.
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Dababat, Salah S. B., and Hafez Q. Shaheen. "Biogas Production Using Slaughterhouse Wastewater Co-digested with Domestic Sludge." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2019.8.1.34.
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The paper investigates producing biogas using Co-digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater (SHW) with primary sludge (PS). Lab experiments were executed at mesophilic condition (35±2°C). Two experiments were performed; the first in a 2000 ml vessel and the second in 600 ml serum bottles, both to mimic batch bioreactors. Among others, acidity (pH), alkalinity (ALK), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured before and after the digestion process. The daily biogas and methane production were also measured. The experiments showed that Co-digestion achieved maximum biogas yield at 499.8 Nml Biogas/g VS fed. The biogas yield for PS and SHW were 411.5 Nml biogas /g VS fed and 433.8 Nml biogas /g VS fed respectively. CH4 yield from the Co-digestion was the highest compared to digest SHW separately. This proves the occurrence of inhibition in methanogenesis activity. The VFA final concentration was higher than the initial concentration for digest SHW.
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Blumrosen, Alexander, and Fleur Malet-Deraedt. "NML Capital Ltd. v. Republic of Argentina." American Journal of International Law 107, no. 3 (July 2013): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.3.0638.
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In three cases decided on the same day, the French Court of Cassation held that the provisional attachments of funds belonging to the Republic of Argentina by NML Capital Ltd. (NML) were void on the ground of sovereign immunity from enforcement because the funds were intended to finance state noncommercial activities and had not been subject to an express waiver of immunity by Argentina. These cases are the first judicial application by the Court of Cassation of the 2004 United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property (2004 UN Convention), which France signed on January 17, 2007, and ratified on June 28, 2011.
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Buchheit, Lee C., and G. Mitu Gulati. "Restructuring sovereign debt after NML v Argentina." Capital Markets Law Journal 12, no. 2 (April 2017): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cmlj/kmx018.
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Ricketts, Brian W., and Marvin E. Cage. "Quantized Hall resistance measurement at the NML." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement IM-36, no. 2 (June 1987): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.1987.6312678.
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Brown, Robert J. S. "The Earth's-field NML development at Chevron." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance 13, no. 6 (2001): 344–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmr.1020.
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Witzig, T. E., J. Vose, D. Pietronigro, K. Takeshita, A. Ervin-Haynes, J. Zeldis, and P. H. Wiernik. "Preliminary results from a phase II study of lenalidomide oral monotherapy in relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 8066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.8066.
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8066 Background: Lenalidomide, an immunomodulatory drug, is approved in the US for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes associated with a deletion 5q[31] cytogenetic abnormality. Lenalidomide also has activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. This study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of lenalidomide monotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Methods: Patients with relapsed/refractory indolent NHL with measurable disease after at least 1 prior treatment regimen were eligible. Patients received 25 mg lenalidomide orally once daily on Days 1–21 every 28 days and continued therapy for 52 weeks as tolerated or until disease progression. Response and progression were evaluated using the IWLRC methodology. Results: As of enrollment cut-off, 43 patients received drug and 27 were evaluable for response. The median age was 63 (43–82) and 12 were female. Histology was small lymphocytic lymphoma [SLL] (n=12), follicular center lymphoma grades 1,2 [FCL] (n=12) and nodal marginal B-cell lymphoma [NML] (n=3). Median time from diagnosis to lenalidomide was 4.3 (0.4- 24) years and median number of prior treatment regimens was 3 (1–17). Seven patients (26%) exhibited an objective response (2 complete responses (CR), 1 complete response unconfirmed (CRu) and 4 partial responses (PR)), 9 had stable disease (SD) for a tumor control rate (TCR) of 59% and 11 progressive disease (PD). Responses were produced in each of the indolent histologic subtypes studied: SLL (3/12), FCL (3/12) and NML (1/3). Since most responses develop at ≥ 4 months, additional responses may be seen in early SD patients with longer follow-up. Five patients (12%) exhibited Grade 4 neutropenia, and Grade 3 adverse events were neutropenia (16%) and thrombocytopenia (14%). Conclusion: Lenalidomide oral monotherapy is active with manageable side effects in relapsed/refractory indolent NHL. [Table: see text]
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Fayyaz, Muhammad, and Agha Ammad Nabi. "Financial Ratios Impact on Financial Performance of Textile Industry a case." Journal of Economic Info 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jei.v3i2.88.
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The aim of performing this research is to find out financial ratios impact on financial performance of GATM and NML to evaluate which company is performing better.. This research was important because of the problems, they both are competitors and the investor should what are their positions and performance it is important for the companies too through which they can identify which ratios to be considered while evaluating financial performance. For the purpose of this research, I collected the data of 2 companies GATM and NML from Standard capital security website and from firm’s annual reports for the period starting from 2003 to 2017. Furthermore, I considered two measures of financial performance, which are return on asset. and return on equity. I also considered liquidity position which is measured by current ratio, quick ratio, total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover, inventory turnover) and solvency position by debt to equity debt to total asset and interest coverage ratio, which according to previous researches and conditional theories have adequate impact on financial performance. The findings of this research suggest that current ratio, quick ratio and inventory were the major determinant of liquidity and for no determinant has significant impact and the researches should consider other variable than studied for solvency. The result also shows that both companies are performing better but NML liquidity position is better than NML also both companies ROE and fixed asset turnover shows insignificant difference rest are significant.
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Chiang, Héctor, Patricio González, and Pablo Farfán. "Neoplasia mieloide/linfoide con eosinofilia y reordenamiento FIP1L1-PDGFRA asociado a linfoma T periférico NOS. ¿Es probable?" Revista Hematología 26, no. 3 (January 16, 2023): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.48057/hematologa.v26i3.481.
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Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino con neoplasia mieloide/linfoide con eosinofilia (NMLeo) y reordenamiento PDGFRA (gen del receptor alfa del factor de crecimiento derivado de plaquetas), con antecedente de linfoma T periférico sin otras especificaciones (LT-NOS) e hipereosinofilia. Las NML-eo con PDGFRA surgen de una célula pluripotencial progenitora hematopoyética, que genera linajes de diferenciación tanto mieloide como linfoide. El gen de fusión puede expresarse en eosinófilos, neutrófilos, mastocitos, células T, células B y monocitos. ¿Es posible la asociación entre LT-NOS y NML-eo con PDGFRA?
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Gao, Shu Mei, Ming Xing Zhao, Wen Quan Ruan, and Yu Ying Deng. "Kinetics Modeling of Anaerobic Fermentative Production of Methane from Kitchen Waste Solid Residual." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1253.
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A series of batch mesophilic anaerobic digesntion were conducted using an automatic methane potential test system (AMPTS) and the kinetics of methane production was also discussed using modified Gompertz equation, Logistic function, First-order kinetics model and Transference function, respectively. The results showed that the kitchen waste solid residual was of high biomethane potential, and the maximum specific methane yield was obtained 585 NmL/g TS at inoculums substrate ratio (ISR) 2:1. All of the four models could appropriately fit the accumulative methane production in steady state (R2>0.95), where the 1st-ordre model and Transference function were relatively much better (R2>0.99) than the other two models. The maximum methane production and maximum methane production rate obtained from the Transference function were 569.32 NmL/g TS and 150.22 NmL/g TS day; the maximum kinetics constant obtained from the 1st-order model was 0.272/day; the lag time (λ) was basically negligible in all the cases. These parameters were quite close to the experimental results.
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Turvani, Giovanna, Laura D’Alessandro, and Marco Vacca. "Physical Simulations of High Speed and Low Power NanoMagnet Logic Circuits." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 8, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea8040037.
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Among all “beyond CMOS” solutions currently under investigation, nanomagnetic logic (NML) technology is considered to be one of the most promising. In this technology, nanoscale magnets are rectangularly shaped and are characterized by the intrinsic capability of enabling logic and memory functions in the same device. The design of logic architectures is accomplished by the use of a clocking mechanism that is needed to properly propagate information. Previous works demonstrated that the magneto-elastic effect can be exploited to implement the clocking mechanism by altering the magnetization of magnets. With this paper, we present a novel clocking mechanism enabling the independent control of each single nanodevice exploiting the magneto-elastic effect and enabling high-speed NML circuits. We prove the effectiveness of this approach by performing several micromagnetic simulations. We characterized a chain of nanomagnets in different conditions (e.g., different distance among cells, different electrical fields, and different magnet geometries). This solution improves NML, the reliability of circuits, the fabrication process, and the operating frequency of circuits while keeping the energy consumption at an extremely low level.
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Nicolle, LE. "Learning from Mistakes." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 17, no. 6 (2006): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/953706.
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In the present issue of theJournal, Patrick and his colleagues (pages 330-336) describe an episode in the summer of 2003, immediately following the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic, when an outbreak of respiratory illness occurred in a long-term care facility in Vancouver, and was initially reported by the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) to be SARS. The local laboratories did not support the diagnosis and, subsequently, the NML diagnosis was acknowledged to be incorrect. The misdiagnosis, however, had an immediate negative impact by suggesting that SARS continued to be transmitted in Canada, raising the spectre of social and economic impacts recently experienced by Toronto. The episode also had a longer term negative impact on national and international perceptions of the reliability of the Canadian laboratory. Thus, a critical review of this episode to understand what happened and to avoid future errors is appropriate. Dr Patrick and his coauthors, including those from the NML, are to be congratulated for presenting this information to the Canadian infectious diseases and public health communities.
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Nakazawa, H., S. Mitani, K. Takanashi, H. Nakajima, A. Osawa, and H. Fujimori. "Fabrication of (Fe(nML)/Au(nML)) (n=1,2,3) on Au(111) by Monatomic Layer Deposition and Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 20, no. 2 (1996): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.20.353.
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Haque, Enamul, Roman Ryndin, Heinz-Peter Mang, Humayun Kabir, Mohummad Muklesur Rahman, A. K. M. Khasruzzaman, Mohammad Asir Uddin, and Alimul Islam. "Evaluation of biogas production from manure of hybrid and local breed cows fed with different types of feeding practices." Net Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 1 (March 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30918/njas.91.20.051.
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This study aimed to evaluate the biogas production from the manure of hybrid and local breed cows fed with different types of feeding practices. The feedstock and digestive composition were measured to determine their effects on biogas production. The batches were prepared form manure of hybrid and local breed cows fed with roughages and mixed ration (roughages and concentrate) adding Inoculum (I) and with a total weight of 200 g. Four experimental groups (T1, T2, T3 and T4) were set up using mixing ratios of CM: H2O: I (25: 25: 50). The digesters were set up at ambient temperature for 40 days of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) using a water displacement method to monitor biogas production in the proto-type digesters. The biogas yield from the manure was found 250.90 Nml/g VS for T1, 176.50 Nml/g VS for T2, 208.25 Nml/g VS for T3 and 180.88 Nml/g VS for T4, respectively. The average CH4 and CO2 concentration (% vol.) in biogas were found 53% and 47% for T1, 55% and 45% for T2, 52% and 48% for T3, 53% and 47% for T4, respectively. The content of H2S was not found in this study. The study concluded that the overall biogas production was higher in the manure of hybrid cows fed with roughages. However, the biogas production was also higher in the manure of local breed cows fed with roughages than mixed ration. The results indicated that C, N, P, K and S values were relatively lower in this study. Keywords: Biogas, CH4, hybrid and local breed cows, prototype digester, HRT.
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Giri, Davide, Marco Vacca, Giovanni Causapruno, Maurizio Zamboni, and Mariagrazia Graziano. "Modeling, Design, and Analysis of MagnetoElastic NML Circuits." IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 15, no. 6 (November 2016): 977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnano.2016.2619377.
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Danchi, W. C., W. H. Green, D. D. S. Hale, K. McElroy, J. D. Monnier, P. G. Tuthill, and C. H. Townes. "Proper Motions of Dust Shells Surrounding NML Cygni." Astrophysical Journal 555, no. 1 (July 2001): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/322237.
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Petch, T. N. "NML v Argentina in an English legal setting." Capital Markets Law Journal 9, no. 3 (June 13, 2014): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cmlj/kmu017.
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Small, Greig W. "Twenty years of SI ohm determinations at NML." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement IM-36, no. 2 (June 1987): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.1987.6312666.
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Mauro, Maria Rosaria. "SOVEREIGN DEFAULT AND LITIGATION: NML CAPITAL V. ARGENTINA." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 24, no. 1 (October 22, 2015): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-90000081a.
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In recent times private creditors have increasingly begun to resort to litigation against States in case of sovereign debt default. One of the most complex recent cases concerns the legal proceedings brought against Argentina by NML Capital Limited before the courts of the United States (US). The plaintiffs are primarily “vulture funds”, seeking profit by buying heavily discounted distressed debt, that have rejected the restructuring terms accepted by the majority of Argentina’s creditors. There are two main questions at the heart of the present dispute: sovereign immunity and the alleged breach of the US Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), and the interpretation of the pari passu clause. The US Supreme Court held that the FSIA does not limit the scope of discovery against foreign sovereign assets and rejected Argentina’s petition for certiorari to review the Second Circuit decision upholding the injunction orders that required Argentina to pay NML Capital and the other plaintiffs whenever it pays the holders of its restructured debt. This comment assesses the approach of the US courts in relation to discovery and their interpretation of the pari passu provision. In particular, it argues that the outcome of this legal battle threatens future sovereign debt restructurings and confirms the gravity of the lack of a binding central restructuring mechanism.
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Zubko, Viktor, Di Li, Tanya Lim, Helmut Feuchtgruber, and Martin Harwit. "Observations of Water Vapor Outflow from NML Cygnus." Astrophysical Journal 610, no. 1 (July 20, 2004): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/421700.
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Chen, Yuqing, and Gerard T. Schuster. "Seismic inversion by Newtonian machine learning." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): WA185—WA200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0434.1.
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We present a wave-equation inversion method that inverts skeletonized seismic data for the subsurface velocity model. The skeletonized representation of the seismic traces consists of the low-rank latent-space variables predicted by a well-trained autoencoder neural network. The input to the autoencoder consists of seismic traces, and the implicit function theorem is used to determine the Fréchet derivative, i.e., the perturbation of the skeletonized data with respect to the velocity perturbation. The gradient is computed by migrating the shifted observed traces weighted by the skeletonized data residual, and the final velocity model is the one that best predicts the observed latent-space parameters. We denote this as inversion by Newtonian machine learning (NML) because it inverts for the model parameters by combining the forward and backward modeling of Newtonian wave propagation with the dimensional reduction capability of machine learning. Empirical results suggest that inversion by NML can sometimes mitigate the cycle-skipping problem of conventional full-waveform inversion (FWI). Numerical tests with synthetic and field data demonstrate the success of NML inversion in recovering a low-wavenumber approximation to the subsurface velocity model. The advantage of this method over other skeletonized data methods is that no manual picking of important features is required because the skeletal data are automatically selected by the autoencoder. The disadvantage is that the inverted velocity model has less resolution compared with the FWI result, but it can serve as a good initial model for FWI. Our most significant contribution is that we provide a general framework for using wave-equation inversion to invert skeletal data generated by any type of neural network. In other words, we have combined the deterministic modeling of Newtonian physics and the pattern matching capabilities of machine learning to invert seismic data by NML.
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Witzig, Thomas E., Julie M. Vose, Henry P. Kaplan, Jeffrey Lee Wolf, Dennis Pietronigro, Kenichi Takeshita, Annette Ervin-Haynes, Jerome B. Zeldis, and Peter H. Wiernik. "Early Results from a Phase II Study of Lenalidomide Monotherapy in Relapsed/Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2482.2482.
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Abstract Background: Lenalidomide (Revlimid®), an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD®), was recently approved in the US for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes associated with a deletion 5q[31] cytogenetic abnormality. Lenalidomide also has demonstrated activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma while thalidomide, a less potent IMiD®, has activity in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) as both monotherapy and in combination with rituximab. Aim: To assess the safety and efficacy of lenalidomide monotherapy in subjects with relapsed/refractory indolent NHL. Methods: Subjects with relapsed/refractory indolent NHL following at least 1 prior treatment regimen with measurable disease are eligible. Subjects receive 25 mg lenalidomide orally once daily on Days 1–21 every 28 days and continue therapy for 52 weeks as tolerated or until disease progression. Response and progression are evaluated using the IWLRC methodology. Results: As of July 25, 2006, 23 subjects of a planned 40 have enrolled and received drug. Fifteen subjects are currently evaluable for tumor response. The median age of the 15 response-evaluable subjects is 64 (54–82) and 5 are female. Histology is small lymphocytic lymphoma [SLL] (n=8), follicular center lymphoma grades 1,2 [FL] (n=5) and nodal marginal B-cell lymphoma [NML] (n=2). Median time from diagnosis to lenalidomide monotherapy is 7.6 (3–14) years and median number of prior treatment regimens per subject is 3 (1–17). Two subjects (13%) exhibited an objective partial response (PR) at four months. Both responses, one FL and one NML, occurred in subjects with substantial tumor burden of 61.8 cm2 and 80.3 cm2, respectively. The 4-month time-to-response for these indolent NHL subjects is longer than the 2-month median time-to-response in aggressive NHL subjects (n=7) following lenalidomide monotherapy. Seven patients had stable disease (SD) for a tumor control rate (TCR) of 60% and 6 had progressive disease (PD). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 9 (39%) subjects. These were predominantly Grade 3 hematological events (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) with only 3 subjects (13%) experiencing a Grade 4 adverse reaction (all neutropenia). Conclusion: Early results of lenalidomide monotherapy in indolent NHL show evidence of activity with a safety profile similar to that established previously in other hematological malignancies.
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da Borso, Francesco, Alessandro Chiumenti, Giulio Fait, Matia Mainardis, and Daniele Goi. "Biomethane Potential of Sludges from a Brackish Water Fish Hatchery." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020552.
Full textAbstract:
The development of intensive aquaculture is facing the challenge of the sustainable management of effluents. The reproductive sectors (i.e., hatcheries) mainly use water recirculation systems (RAS), which discharge a portion of wastewater. Anaerobic digestion (AD) could reduce the environmental impact of this waste stream while producing biogas. The study is focused on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of brackish fish hatchery sludges. Wastewater was concentrated by microfiltration and sedimentation and thickened sludges were treated in a BMP system with different inoculum/substrate (I/S) volatile solids ratios (from 50:1 to no inoculum). The highest I/S ratio showed the highest BMP (564.2 NmL CH4/g VS), while different I/S ratios showed a decreasing trend (319.4 and 127.7 NmL CH4/g VS, for I/S = 30 and I/S = 3). In absence of inoculum BMP resulted of 62.2 NmL CH4/g VS. The kinetic analysis (modified Gompertz model) showed a good correlation with the experimental data, but with a long lag-phase duration (from 14.0 to 5.5 days) in particular with the highest I/S. AD applied to brackish water sludges can be a promising treatment with interesting methane productions. For a continuous, full-scale application further investigation on biomass adaptation to salinity and on retention times is needed. Further experimental tests are ongoing.
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Miñón-Fuentes, Raciel, and Oscar Aguilar-Juárez. "Hydrogen production from coffee pulp by dark fermentation." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (November 1, 2019): 1692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.416.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Coffee pulp (C.P.) is a waste of coffee production that needs to be controlled. Due to its high moisture and sugar content, a diagnostic study that characterizes the pulp was conducted and the potential for hydrogen production was evaluated. Subsequently, the kinetics of hydrogen production in a bioreactor were evaluated. A biodegradability index of 0.91 (DBO5/DQO) was calculated, initial pH of the sample was 4.16 ± 0.05, a concentration of total volatile solids (TVS) of 58.1 ± 0.94 [g/L], and total sugar of 19.6 ± 0.79 [g Dextrose/L]. The yield was at 49.2 [NmL H2/g DQOInitial], the hydrogen production per fresh coffee pulp kilogram was 4.18 [L H2/kg C.P.], the energy density was determined at 0.045 [MJ/kg C.P.]. Modified Gompertz parameters were 585 [NmL] for Hmax, 4.1 [NmL H2/g DQO-h] for Rmax and a lag phase (λ) of 92.70 [h]. Because the yield of hydrogen production of coffee pulp estimated was similar to complex substrates like tequila vinasses, and there was a DQO reduction of 13.58%, based on some substrate restrictions, dark fermentation could be a stage of pretreatment of wastewater with coffee pulp in a biogas process to produce two relevant economic and energy products (hydrogen and biogas).
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da Borso, Francesco, Alessandro Chiumenti, Giulio Fait, Matia Mainardis, and Daniele Goi. "Biomethane Potential of Sludges from a Brackish Water Fish Hatchery." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020552.
Full textAbstract:
The development of intensive aquaculture is facing the challenge of the sustainable management of effluents. The reproductive sectors (i.e., hatcheries) mainly use water recirculation systems (RAS), which discharge a portion of wastewater. Anaerobic digestion (AD) could reduce the environmental impact of this waste stream while producing biogas. The study is focused on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of brackish fish hatchery sludges. Wastewater was concentrated by microfiltration and sedimentation and thickened sludges were treated in a BMP system with different inoculum/substrate (I/S) volatile solids ratios (from 50:1 to no inoculum). The highest I/S ratio showed the highest BMP (564.2 NmL CH4/g VS), while different I/S ratios showed a decreasing trend (319.4 and 127.7 NmL CH4/g VS, for I/S = 30 and I/S = 3). In absence of inoculum BMP resulted of 62.2 NmL CH4/g VS. The kinetic analysis (modified Gompertz model) showed a good correlation with the experimental data, but with a long lag-phase duration (from 14.0 to 5.5 days) in particular with the highest I/S. AD applied to brackish water sludges can be a promising treatment with interesting methane productions. For a continuous, full-scale application further investigation on biomass adaptation to salinity and on retention times is needed. Further experimental tests are ongoing.