Journal articles: 'NMET'

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Xie, Yingqiu, Wenfu Lu, Shenji Liu, Qing Yang, Brett S. Carver, Estelle Li, Yuzhuo Wang, Ladan Fazli, Martin Gleave, and Zhenbang Chen. "Crosstalk Between Nuclear MET and SOX9/β-Catenin Correlates with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer." Molecular Endocrinology 28, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 1629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2014-1078.

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Castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) (CRPC) is relapse after various forms of androgen ablation therapy and causes a major mortality in PCa patients, yet the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we report the nuclear form of mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (nMET) is essential for CRPC. Specifically, nMET is remarkably increased in human CRPC samples compared with naïve samples. Androgen deprivation induces endogenous nMET and promotes cell proliferation and stem-like cell self-renewal in androgen-nonresponsive PCa cells. Mechanistically, nMET activates SRY (sex determining region Y)-box9, β-catenin, and Nanog homeobox and promotes sphere formation in the absence of androgen stimulus. Combined treatment of MET and β-catenin enhances the inhibition of PCa cell growth. Importantly, MET accumulation is detected in nucleus of recurrent prostate tumors of castrated Pten/Trp53 null mice, whereas MET elevation is predominantly found in membrane of naïve tumors. Our findings reveal for the first time an essential role of nMET association with SOX9/β-catenin in CRPC in vitro and in vivo, highlighting that nuclear RTK activate cell reprogramming to drive recurrence, and targeting nMET would be a new avenue to treat recurrent cancers.

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Rong, Li, and Peng Yi. "A Review of Studies on the Washback Effect of National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in China (2011-2020)." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 17, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v17.n3.p10.

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<p>This paper reviews the washback studies in National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in the past decade (2011-2020). There are 36 Chinese works of literature collected from CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), all of which are searched by keywords "National Matriculation English Test "(NMET) and "washback effect". And This literature is divided into two levels: micro level and macro level. The micro-level includes 5 categories, and the macro-level includes 3 categories. After analyzing and discussing, the researcher finds that: (1) The research has increased sharply before 2018 and is greatly influenced by policies; (2) The proportion of empirical research is equal to that of non-material research, which is dominated by empirical research at present; (3) The research mainly involves the washback effect of NMET, its reform and test typesetting at the macro level; Micro-level listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar filling washback. Through the analysis, it is found that the main problems of the research on the washback effect of NMET include lack of innovation, neglect of listening and speaking skills, lack of depth of research, little attention to students -the subject of the test, and neglect of the long-term effect of the washback. Finally, some suggestions are put forward based on the above problems.</p>

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Rong, Li, and Peng Yi. "A Review of Studies on the Washback Effect of National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in China (2011-2020)." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 17, no. 3 (October 5, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v17.n3.p10.

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<p>This paper reviews the washback studies in National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in the past decade (2011-2020). There are 36 Chinese works of literature collected from CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), all of which are searched by keywords "National Matriculation English Test "(NMET) and "washback effect". And This literature is divided into two levels: micro level and macro level. The micro-level includes 5 categories, and the macro-level includes 3 categories. After analyzing and discussing, the researcher finds that: (1) The research has increased sharply before 2018 and is greatly influenced by policies; (2) The proportion of empirical research is equal to that of non-material research, which is dominated by empirical research at present; (3) The research mainly involves the washback effect of NMET, its reform and test typesetting at the macro level; Micro-level listening, speaking, reading, writing, grammar filling washback. Through the analysis, it is found that the main problems of the research on the washback effect of NMET include lack of innovation, neglect of listening and speaking skills, lack of depth of research, little attention to students -the subject of the test, and neglect of the long-term effect of the washback. Finally, some suggestions are put forward based on the above problems.</p>

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Jin, Tan, Kai Guo, Barley Mak, and Qiuping Wu. "Lexical Profiles of Reading Texts in High-Stakes Tests." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2017010103.

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In language testing literature, the lexical profiles issue has been extensively discussed when examining the quality of reading texts in high-stakes tests. The interpretation and use of lexical profiles, however, have been lacking a point of reference (i.e., benchmarks). Therefore, this study attempts to establish benchmarks for lexical profiles of reading texts in a high-stakes test in China – the National Matriculation English Test (NMET). To elicit sufficient samples, a corpus of 909 NMET reading texts was constructed. Based on the corpus, two stages were employed. Firstly, the 909 texts were screened through a text coverage analysis and representative text samples were selected. Secondly, two sets of benchmarks were established based on the text samples. Overall, this study contributes empirical evidence to evaluating the lexical profiles of NMET reading texts, and has practical implications for developing reading texts in high-stakes tests.

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Zhao, Junhai. "The reform of the National Matriculation English Test and its impact on the future of English in China." English Today 32, no. 2 (February 3, 2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078415000681.

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With more and more importance being attached to English since China's economic reform and opening up to the outside world in the late 1970s, the entire Chinese society has placed such high importance to the learning of English that at times it even plays a vital role for a person who plans to pursue further education and seek a better career (China Daily, 5 August, 2010). However, the end of 2013 saw an ‘unanticipated’ reform of policy on the National Matriculation English Test (henceforth, NMET) instituted by the Chinese Ministry of Education (henceforth, MOE). It was ‘unanticipated’ because in the past few years the Chinese government has invested heavily in English language teaching. As reported by ABC News (15 November, 2010), ‘China is pushing its people to learn English’, and English has thus occupied a prominent place in the life of the Chinese people because it is the ‘key’ to success (Chen, 2008: 16-37). According to this new policy, the once favorite ‘son’, i.e. English, may lose its predominance in the Chinese foreign language landscape and its importance may be diminished in exams. These changes are likely to cause a series of chain reactions since the dominant position of English largely lies in its weight in various levels of exams, with the NMET having the greatest impact. Given the determining factor of the NMET in Chinese people's attitudes towards English, NMET reform would almost undoubtedly change the current situation of English in China and it would be no exaggeration to say that it will have a foreseeable impact on various aspects of Chinese social life as well. In this article, I briefly review the causes for the ‘focus shift’ and attempt an analysis of the impact of the role of English in China in the future.

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Xie, Yingqiu, Sholpan Istayeva, Zhanlin Chen, Tursonjan Tokay, Zhaxybay Zhumadilov, Denglong Wu, Gonzalo Hortelano, and Jinfu Zhang. "nMET, A New Target in Recurrent Cancer." Current Cancer Drug Targets 16, no. 7 (August 12, 2016): 572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009616666160105105250.

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Graham, P. E., G. A. Smythe, G. A. Edwards, and L. Lazarus. "Laboratory Diagnosis of Phaeochromocytoma: Which Analytes Should We Measure?" Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 30, no. 2 (March 1993): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329303000203.

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There is a diversity of advice in the literature as to which biochemical assays are best suited to the investigation of patients with a suspected phaeochromocytoma. The challenge for the clinical laboratory is to select those assays which detect all phaeochromocytomas, whilst having the lowest incidence of false positive diagnoses. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of a wide range of assays currently used for the biochemical diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma using either specific gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC/MS) or high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC/ED) techniques. Noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (ADR), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), hydroxymethoxymandelic acid (HMMA), normetanephrine (NMET) and metanephrine (MET) were measured in 24 h urine specimens from 20 patients with histologically proven phaeochromocytoma and a large group of patients referred for investigation but subsequently found not to have a phaeochromocytoma. Because phaeochromocytomas are a heterogeneous group of hormone secreting tumours, no single analyte could achieve 100% sensitivity; 100% sensitivity was achieved only when the combination of both NA and ADR or NMET and MET was used. DA, DHPG and HMMA all had poor sensitivities. HMMA had a sensitivity of 70% when using the upper 95% confidence level (48μmol/24 h) of the non-tumour patients as the cut-off. By lowering the cut-off to 35μmol/24 h the sensitivity could be increased to 100% but at the expense of the specificity which was decreased from 98 to 92%. On the basis of this study we recommend the specific measurement of either NA and ADR or NMET and MET as the most suitable analytes for the detection of phaeochromocytoma, and further that, due to its poor specificity, HMMA be abandoned as a suitable analyte.

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Li, Miao. "The Content Validity on Reading Comprehensions of National Versions of National Matriculation English Test in 2020 — Based on Bachman and Palmer Test Task Characteristics Theory." Modern Management Forum 5, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/mmf.v5i1.3305.

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Bachman and Palmer constructed a framework based on their test task characteristics theory, and designed five parts in the framework, which furnished the validity testing research with theoretical support. Based on their framework, this paper’s research objects are the national versions of National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in 2020, as well as it tests the content validity of expected answers and text input of reading comprehension in the national versions I, II, and III. The results show that the overall quality of reading comprehension of these three papers is high, which meets the requirements of the curriculum standards and examination syllabus. However, there are shortcomings in the length, difficulty, text types and reading skills evaluation. Therefore, the article length distribution should be more reasonable, the article difficulty should be more moderate, the text types should be more diversified, and the assessment of reading skills should be more comprehensive and balanced in the future, so as to further improve and perfect the content validity of the reading comprehension of NMET.

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Perina, Dragutin, Marina Korolija, Andreja Mikoč, Mirna Halasz, Maja Herak Bosnar, and Helena Ćetković. "Characterization of Nme5-Like Gene/Protein from the Red Alga Chondrus Crispus." Marine Drugs 18, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18010013.

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The Nme gene/protein family of nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) was originally named after its member Nm23-H1/Nme1, the first identified metastasis suppressor. Human Nme proteins are divided in two groups. They all possess nucleoside diphosphate kinase domain (NDK). Group I (Nme1-Nme4) display a single type NDK domain, whereas Group II (Nme5-Nme9) display a single or several different NDK domains, associated or not associated with extra-domains. Data strongly suggest that, unlike Group I, none of the members of Group II display measurable NDPK activity, although some of them autophosphorylate. The multimeric form is required for the NDPK activity. Group I proteins are known to multimerize, while there are no data on the multimerization of Group II proteins. The Group II ancestral type protein was shown to be conserved in several species from three eukaryotic supergroups. Here, we analysed the Nme protein from an early branching eukaryotic lineage, the red alga Chondrus crispus. We show that the ancestral type protein, unlike its human homologue, was fully functional multimeric NDPK with high affinity to various types of DNA and dispersed localization throughout the eukaryotic cell. Its overexpression inhibits both cell proliferation and the anchorage-independent growth of cells in soft agar but fails to deregulate cell apoptosis. We conclude that the ancestral gene has changed during eukaryotic evolution, possibly in correlation with the protein function.

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Lin, Linda. "The NMET impact on the English writing of mainland Chinese students." Educational Role of Language Journal 1, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36534/erlj.2019.01.12.

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Mishra, Adarsh Chandra, Pravin Kumar Singh, Pooja Lohia, and D. K. Dwivedi. "Evanescent Field Absorption Based Fiber Optic Sensor Using Chalcogenide Glasses for Biological Tissues Detection." Sensor Letters 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4196.

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An evanescent field based fiber optic sensor is proposed using ternary chalcogenide glasses under diffuse source illumination for straight fiber for detection of biological tissues. The field distribution within the core region and evanescent field beyond it has been shown pictorially. The simulation is performed in near infrared region for three liver tissues, normal liver tissue (N), Non-cancerous metastatic tissue (NMET) and non-cancerous hepatocellular carcinoma tissue (NHCC). Interrogation of absorption coefficient and transmitted power has been performed. The effect of variation in core diameter and wavelength on sensitivity of the samples have been studied to have high sensitivity.

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Zhen-Jie Liu and Ming-Hao Jin. "A Study of the Content Validity of Reading Comprehension Tests in NMET II." Linguistic Association of Korea Journal 26, no. 4 (December 2018): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24303/lakdoi.2018.26.4.103.

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Linlin, Cao. "Comparison of Automatic and Expert Teachers’ Rating of Computerized English Listening-Speaking Test." English Language Teaching 13, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n1p18.

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Through Many-Facet Rasch analysis, this study explores the rating differences between 1 computer automatic rater and 5 expert teacher raters on scoring 119 students in a computerized English listening-speaking test. Results indicate that both automatic and the teacher raters demonstrate good inter-rater reliability, though the automatic rater indicates less intra-rater reliability than college teacher and high school teacher raters under the stringent infit limits. There’s no central tendency and random effect for both automatic and human raters. This research provides evidence for the automatic rating reform of the computerized English listening-speaking test (CELST) in Guangdong NMET and encourages the application of MFRM in actual score monitoring.

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Mátyási, Barbara, Gábor Petővári, Titanilla Dankó, Henriett Butz, István Likó, Péter Lőw, Isabelle Petit, et al. "Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Metastasis Suppressors NME1 and NME2 Modify Lipid Metabolism in Fibroblasts." Cancers 14, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 3913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14163913.

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Nowadays, extracellular vesicles (EVs) raise a great interest as they are implicated in intercellular communication between cancer and stromal cells. Our aim was to understand how vesicular NME1 and NME2 released by breast cancer cells influence the tumour microenvironment. As a model, we used human invasive breast carcinoma cells overexpressing NME1 or NME2, and first analysed in detail the presence of both isoforms in EV subtypes by capillary Western immunoassay (WES) and immunoelectron microscopy. Data obtained by both methods showed that NME1 was present in medium-sized EVs or microvesicles, whereas NME2 was abundant in both microvesicles and small-sized EVs or exosomes. Next, human skin-derived fibroblasts were treated with NME1 or NME2 containing EVs, and subsequently mRNA expression changes in fibroblasts were examined. RNAseq results showed that the expression of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism-related genes was decreased significantly in response to NME1 or NME2 containing EV treatment. We found that FASN (fatty acid synthase) and ACSS2 (acyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2), related to fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, were underexpressed in NME1/2-EV-treated fibroblasts. Our data show an emerging link between NME-containing EVs and regulation of tumour metabolism.

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Musikavong, C., S. Wattanachira, F. Nakajima, and H. Furumai. "Three dimensional fluorescent spectroscopy analysis for the evaluation of organic matter removal from industrial estate wastewater by stabilization ponds." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 11 (June 1, 2007): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.361.

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The fluorescent excitation emission matrix (FEEM) was utilized to evaluate the removal of organic matter by stabilization ponds, which consist of aeration, facultative, and oxidation ponds of a central wastewater treatment plant of an industrial estate in northern Thailand. The result shows that six fluorescent peaks of influent wastewater and effluent water after aeration, facultative, and oxidation ponds were detected from the FEEMs at 230 nmEx/295 nmEm (A), 275 nmEx/300 nmEm (B), 240 nmEx/355 nmEm (C), 280 nmEx/355 nmEm (D), 275 nmEx/410 nmEm (E) and 330 nmEx/410 nmEm (F). The putative origins of peaks A and B, C and D, and E and F were tyrosine-like, tryptophan-like, and humic and fulvic acid-like substances, respectively. The aeration pond was the main course of action used to reduce the tyrosine-like substances at peaks A and B by 88 and 52%, respectively, and tryptophan-like substances at peaks C and D by 43 and 39%, respectively. There was only a 20 per cent decrease of humic and fulvic acid-like substances at peak E and an 18 per cent decrease at peak F through the use of aeration ponds. Total per cent reductions of total fluorescent organic matter after aeration ponds; facultative ponds; and oxidation ponds were 46, 51 and 54%, respectively. These values were notably similar to the total percent reduction of DOC by the same respective processes at 54, 53, and 55%.

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Huna, Anda, Béatrice Nawrocki-Raby, Teresita Padilla-Benavides, Julie Gavard, Sylvie Coscoy, David Bernard, and Mathieu Boissan. "Loss of the Metastasis Suppressor NME1, But Not of Its Highly Related Isoform NME2, Induces a Hybrid Epithelial–Mesenchymal State in Cancer Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 7 (April 2, 2021): 3718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073718.

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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for the initial steps of metastasis. Although it is well accepted that the nucleoside diphosphate kinase NME1 is a metastasis suppressor, its effect on EMT remains poorly documented, as does that of its closely related isoform, NME2. Here, by using gene silencing, inactivation and overexpression strategies in a variety of cellular models of cancer, we show that NME1 is a powerful inhibitor of EMT. Genetic manipulation of NME2, by contrast, had no effect on the EMT phenotype of cancer cells, indicating a specific function of NME1 in EMT regulation. Loss of NME1 in epithelial cancer cells resulted in a hybrid phenotype intermediate between epithelial and mesenchymal cells, which is known to be associated with cells with a highly metastatic character. Conversely, overexpression of NME1 in mesenchymal cancer cells resulted in a more epithelial phenotype. We found that NME1 expression was negatively associated with EMT markers in many human cancers and was reduced in human breast tumor cell lines with the aggressive ‘triple-negative’ phenotype when compared to human breast tumor cell lines positive for estrogen receptor. We show that NME1, but not NME2, is an inhibitor of essential concerted intracellular signaling pathways involved in inducing EMT, including the AKT and MAPK (ERK, p38, and JNK) pathways. Additionally, NME1 depletion considerably altered the distribution of E-cadherin, a gatekeeper of the epithelial phenotype, shifting it from the plasma membrane to the cytosol and resulting in less E-cadherin on the cell surface than in control cells. Functional aggregation and dispersion assays demonstrated that inactivation of NME1 decreases E-cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion. We conclude that NME1, but not NME2, acts specifically to inhibit EMT and prevent the earliest stages of metastasis.

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Pamidimukkala, Nidhi, Gemma S. Puts, M. Kathryn Leonard, Devin Snyder, Sandrine Dabernat, Edward C. De Fabo, Frances P. Noonan, Andrzej Slominski, Glenn Merlino, and David M. Kaetzel. "Nme1 and Nme2 genes exert metastasis-suppressor activities in a genetically engineered mouse model of UV-induced melanoma." British Journal of Cancer 124, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-01096-w.

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AbstractNME1 is a metastasis-suppressor gene (MSG), capable of suppressing metastatic activity in cell lines of melanoma, breast carcinoma and other cancer origins without affecting their growth in culture or as primary tumours. Herein, we selectively ablated the tandemly arranged Nme1 and Nme2 genes to assess their individual impacts on metastatic activity in a mouse model (HGF:p16−/−) of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced melanoma. Metastatic activity was strongly enhanced in both genders of Nme1- and Nme2-null mice, with stronger activity in females across all genotypes. The study ascribes MSG activity to Nme2 for the first time in an in vivo model of spontaneous cancer, as well as a novel metastasis-suppressor function to Nme1 in the specific context of UVR-induced melanoma.

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Radić, Martina, Marko Šoštar, Igor Weber, Helena Ćetković, Neda Slade, and Maja Herak Bosnar. "The Subcellular Localization and Oligomerization Preferences of NME1/NME2 upon Radiation-Induced DNA Damage." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 7 (March 29, 2020): 2363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072363.

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Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK/NME/Nm23) are enzymes composed of subunits NME1/NDPK A and NME2/NDPK B, responsible for the maintenance of the cellular (d)NTP pool and involved in other cellular processes, such as metastasis suppression and DNA damage repair. Although eukaryotic NDPKs are active only as hexamers, it is unclear whether other NME functions require the hexameric form, and how the isoenzyme composition varies in different cellular compartments. To examine the effect of DNA damage on intracellular localization of NME1 and NME2 and the composition of NME oligomers in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, we used live-cell imaging and the FRET/FLIM technique. We showed that exogenous NME1 and NME2 proteins co-localize in the cytoplasm of non-irradiated cells, and move simultaneously to the nucleus after gamma irradiation. The FRET/FLIM experiments imply that, after DNA damage, there is a slight shift in the homomer/heteromer balance between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Collectively, our results indicate that, after irradiation, NME1 and NME2 engage in mutual functions in the nucleus, possibly performing specific functions in their homomeric states. Finally, we demonstrated that fluorophores fused to the N-termini of NME polypeptides produce the largest FRET effect and thus recommend this orientation for use in similar studies.

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Bach, Enrica, Rainer Krahl, Sabine Tschiedel, Thoralf Lange, Frank Schüler, Haifa K. Al-Ali, Thomas Büchner, Gottfried Doelken, Dietger Niederwieser, and Michael Cross. "Delayed Processing of Bone Marrow Samples Reveals a Prognostic Pattern of NME mRNA Expression in Cytogenetically Normal AML." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 4904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4904.4904.

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Abstract Abstract 4904 Background: Prognostic molecular markers are expected to be of increasing value in stratifying treatment of patients with AML lacking cytogenetic abnormalities. While specific DNA-level mutations such as those in the FLT-3 or NPM1 genes clearly identify informative genotypes, phenotypic characterization of gene expression should be a more direct indicator of cell function. However, of the prognostic mRNA levels identified to date, such as BAALC, ERG or NME1/2, none appear to be superior to DNA mutation as indicators of prognosis. Because of the lability of mRNA expression, it is common practice to quantify levels only in freshly processed or direct-lysed samples in order to provide a snapshot of gene expression as close as possible to that of fresh tissue. However, characteristics of leukemic cells relevant to prognosis might become more apparent under challenging conditions, such as the stress environment developing in a bone marrow sample during transport or storage. The NME1 and -2 mRNAs have been reported to be prognostic indicators in AML and are multifunctional proteins coordinating metabolism, signalling and gene expression. To see how storage related stress affects the prognostic power of NME mRNA, we have assessed their prognostic relevance in CN-AML bone marrow samples which had originally been processed either directly, or following ≥ 2 days of transport from collaborating centers. Methods: A total of 78 archived CN-AML BMMNC samples were available for this analysis. All samples were taken at presentation from patients under 60ys treated within the AML 96 (OSHO #033) or AML 2002 (OSHO #061) protocols of the East German Study Group (OSHO). Of the 78 samples, 25 (32%) originated locally and had been freshly processed to cryopreserved MNC, while the remaining 53 (68%) had been submitted as bone marrow from other centers with an associated delay of 2–3 days. NME1 and NME2 mRNA levels were determined by triplicate qRT-PCR determinations normalized to RPLP0. The mean NME1 and NME2 expression values from each patient were expressed relative to the corresponding mean NME expression of 17 healthy donor BM samples (control group).To investigate directly the effects of delayed processing on NME mRNA expression, aliquots of 11 fresh CN-AML bone marrow samples were removed for analysis either immediately or following storage at room temperature for ≥ 2 days. Results: Both NME1 and -2 mRNA were increased relative to controls in 84% (21/25) of fresh samples with no prognostic relevance of expression above or below the median. Comparable results were obtained from a cohort of 59 freshly processed CN-AML samples from a separate study. In contrast, the transported samples yielded a heterogeneous pattern of NME mRNA expression above and below control levels, with a significant correlation between NME2 mRNA and event-free survival (p=0.009) independently of FLT-3ITD status. Direct analysis of aliquoted AML bone marrow samples confirmed that a delay in processing of ≥ 2 days resulted in a universal decrease in NME1 mRNA with variable changes in NME2 mRNA. Conclusion: NME1/2 mRNA levels are not indicative of prognosis in freshly processed bone marrow from CN-AML patients <60ys. However, delayed processing is associated with the development of an NME2 expression pattern with high prognostic relevance, maintenance of high NME2 in samples with reduced NME1 being a strong indicator of increased event-free survival. These results suggest that subjecting leukemic cells to defined challenges ex-vivo may reveal phenotypic properties of high relevance to treatment optimization. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Pan, Mingwei, and David D. Qian. "Embedding Corpora into the Content Validation of the Grammar Test of the National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in China." Language Assessment Quarterly 14, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2017.1303703.

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Chen, Chih-Wei, Ning Tsao, Wei Zhang, and Zee-Fen Chang. "NME3 Regulates Mitochondria to Reduce ROS-Mediated Genome Instability." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 17, 2020): 5048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145048.

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NME3 is a member of the nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) family that binds to the mitochondrial outer membrane to stimulate mitochondrial fusion. In this study, we showed that NME3 knockdown delayed DNA repair without reducing the cellular levels of nucleotide triphosphates. Further analyses revealed that NME3 knockdown increased fragmentation of mitochondria, which in turn led to mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) in nuclear DNA. Re-expression of wild-type NME3 or inhibition of mitochondrial fission markedly reduced SSBs and facilitated DNA repair in NME3 knockdown cells, while expression of N-terminal deleted mutant defective in mitochondrial binding had no rescue effect. We further showed that disruption of mitochondrial fusion by knockdown of NME4 or MFN1 also caused mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated genome instability. In conclusion, the contribution of NME3 to redox-regulated genome stability lies in its function in mitochondrial fusion.

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Adam, Kevin, Jacqueline Lesperance, Tony Hunter, and Peter E. Zage. "The Potential Functional Roles of NME1 Histidine Kinase Activity in Neuroblastoma Pathogenesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 3319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21093319.

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Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Gain of chromosome 17q material is found in >60% of neuroblastoma tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The NME1 gene is located in the 17q21.3 region, and high NME1 expression is correlated with poor neuroblastoma patient outcomes. However, the functional roles and signaling activity of NME1 in neuroblastoma cells and tumors are unknown. NME1 and NME2 have been shown to possess histidine (His) kinase activity. Using anti-1- and 3-pHis specific monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal anti-pH118 NME1/2 antibodies, we demonstrated the presence of pH118-NME1/2 and multiple additional pHis-containing proteins in all tested neuroblastoma cell lines and in xenograft neuroblastoma tumors, supporting the presence of histidine kinase activity in neuroblastoma cells and demonstrating the potential significance of histidine kinase signaling in neuroblastoma pathogenesis. We have also demonstrated associations between NME1 expression and neuroblastoma cell migration and differentiation. Our demonstration of NME1 histidine phosphorylation in neuroblastoma and of the potential role of NME1 in neuroblastoma cell migration and differentiation suggest a functional role for NME1 in neuroblastoma pathogenesis and open the possibility of identifying new therapeutic targets and developing novel approaches to neuroblastoma therapy.

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Altman, Jessica K., and Leonidas C. Platanias. "NME1 and NME2 as markers for myeloid leukemias." Leukemia & Lymphoma 53, no. 8 (April 30, 2012): 1441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10428194.2012.685168.

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Li, Chili, Xiaoxue Wang, Xuyuan Hu, Zhenru Shang, and Long Qian. "Relationship between socio-cultural writing strategy use and language proficiency among Chinese tertiary English majors." Journal of Language Teaching 2, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54475/jlt.2022.012.

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This paper aims to report on the results of a study on the use of socio-cultural writing strategies as well as its correlation with second language proficiency of a group of Chinese tertiary English majors. To this end, 306 English major students were randomly invited for participating in a questionnaire survey, and 12 of them were purposively sampled for a semi-structured interview. The collected quantitative data were subjected to descriptive analysis as well as Pearson Correlation test. The quantitative results show that the respondents orchestrated a wide range of utilizing socio-cultural writing strategies, of which they had a high level of using role-mediated strategies, followed by a medium-to-high level in deploying sign-mediated strategies, rule-mediated strategies, tool-mediated strategies, and community-mediated strategies respectively. Pearson Correlation test reveals a significantly negative correlation between a dimension of community-mediated strategies (peer interaction) and the surveyed population’s NMET (National Matriculation English Test) scores, and a significantly positive correlation between a dimensional (task requirement) and overall rule-mediated strategies and the participant’s TEM-4 (Test for English Major Band 4) results. These results were further reflected in the qualitative data. The findings of this study shall shed light on teaching English writing to English majors in the Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) context and others.

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吴, 珍珠. "The Quality Standards of Biology Test Question of NMET—The Investigation Report Based on High School Students in Guangdong, Shandong and Tibet." Creative Education Studies 08, no. 02 (2020): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ces.2020.82034.

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Nöth, Heinrich, and Tilman Taeger. "Reactions of 3,5-Dimethyl-1,2,4,3,5-trithiadiborolane with Secondary Amines: Formation of Diorganylamino(sulfhydryl)boranes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 65, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2010-0213.

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The 1 : 1 reaction of 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4,3,5-trithiadiborolane, 3, with dimethylamine in diethyl ether yielded a mixture of compounds from which only MeB(NMe2)SH, 7, could be separated. In the 1:2 reaction, insoluble Me2NH(MeB(S2)2BMe)HNMe2, 10, could be isolated besides 7 and small amounts of MeB(NMe2)2. In the presence of NMe3 the bis(methyl-dimethylamino-boryl)sulfide, 7 was obtained in good yield. Replacement of HNMe2 by N-methylaniline or piperidine led to the corresponding amino(methyl)sulfhydrido boranes R2N(MeB)SH in moderate yields. tBuNH(MeB)SH results in 61% yield from the treatment of tBu2B2S3 with tBuNH2 in a 1 : 1 ratio.

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Donnan, Kate J., Emily L. Williams, and Nicholas Stanger. "The effect of exercise-induced fatigue and heat exposure on soccer-specific decision-making during high-intensity intermittent exercise." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): e0279109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279109.

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Global warming and the globalisation of sport has increased the prevalence of sports competitions being held in hot environments. However, there is currently limited research investigating the impact of the heat on soccer-specific decision-making skills during exercise reflective of the physical demands of match-play. Therefore, the effects of heat exposure on physical and soccer-specific decision-making performance, biological markers (i.e., metanephrines), appraisal (i.e., challenge vs. threat) and affective states, during prolonged high-intensity intermittent exercise were investigated. Nine well-trained male soccer players completed a 92-min cycling intermittent sprint protocol (CISP), whilst simultaneously responding to a series of soccer-specific decision-making trials at various time points, in two temperature conditions: hot (32°C, 50%rh) and temperate (18°C, 50%rh). Results showed that decision-making score (p = .030) was impaired in the hot compared to the temperate condition. There was a reduced workload in the second half during the hot condition (p = .016), which coincided with a heightened threat state (p = .007) and more unpleasant feelings (p = .008) experienced in the hot, compared to temperate, condition. Furthermore, plasma normetanephrine (NMET) was higher at half-time (p = .012) and post-CISP (p ≤ .001). Also, plasma metanephrine (MET) was higher post-CISP (p = .009) in the hot compared to temperate condition, reflecting a heightened stress response. Our findings highlight the need for practitioners to consider the detrimental effects heat exposure can have on both physical and decision-making performance when looking to facilitate performance in hot conditions.

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Parada-Sanchez, M. T., E. Y. Chu, L. L. Cox, S. S. Undurty, J. M. Standley, J. C. Murray, and T. C. Cox. "Disrupted IRF6-NME1/2 Complexes as a Cause of Cleft Lip/Palate." Journal of Dental Research 96, no. 11 (August 2, 2017): 1330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034517723615.

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Mutations and common polymorphisms in interferon regulatory factor 6 ( IRF6) are associated with both syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of cleft lip/palate (CLP). To date, much of the focus on this transcription factor has been on identifying its direct targets and the gene regulatory network in which it operates. Notably, however, IRF6 is found predominantly in the cytoplasm, with its import into the nucleus tightly regulated like other members of the IRF family. To provide further insight into the role of IRF6 in the pathogenesis of CLP, we sought to identify direct IRF6 protein interactors using a combination of yeast 2-hybrid screens and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Using this approach, we identified NME1 and NME2, well-known regulators of Rho-type GTPases, E-cadherin endocytosis, and epithelial junctional remodeling, as bona fide IRF6 partner proteins. The NME proteins co-localize with IRF6 in the cytoplasm of primary palatal epithelial cells in vivo, and their interaction with IRF6 is significantly enhanced by phosphorylation of key serine residues in the IRF6 C-terminus. Furthermore, CLP associated IRF6 missense mutations disrupt the ability of IRF6 to bind the NME proteins and result in elevated activation of Rac1 and RhoA, compared to wild-type IRF6, when ectopically expressed in 293T epithelial cells. Significantly, we also report the identification of 2 unique missense mutations in the NME proteins in patients with CLP (NME1 R18Q in an IRF6 and GRHL3 mutation-negative patient with van der Woude syndrome and NME2 G71V in a patient with nonsyndromic CLP). Both variants disrupted the ability of the respective proteins to interact with IRF6. The data presented suggest an important role for cytoplasmic IRF6 in regulating the availability or localization of the NME1/2 complex and thus the dynamic behavior of epithelia during lip/palate development.

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Attwood, Paul V., and Richmond Muimo. "The actions of NME1/NDPK-A and NME2/NDPK-B as protein kinases." Laboratory Investigation 98, no. 3 (December 4, 2017): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/labinvest.2017.125.

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Tschiedel, Sabine, Melanie Adler, Karoline Schubert, Annette Jilo, Enrica Mueller, Song-Y. Wang, Michael Cross, Thoralf Lange, and Dietger Niederwieser. "NME-2 Protein Functions as a Tumour Associated Antigen in HLA-A2+ Cells and Is Over Expressed in CML Via a Bcr/Abl Dependent Post Transcriptional Mechanism." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3266.3266.

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Abstract Abstract 3266 Poster Board III-1 Introduction: NmE2 (Nm23-H2, NDP kinase B) is one of a family of proteins that catalyze the transfer of gamma-phosphate between nucleoside-triphosphates and diphosphates. The two major family members, NmE1 and NmE2 are strongly implicated in the control of differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis via interactions which are often independent of their kinase activity, NmE2 being a transcriptional activator of the c-myc gene. We recently identified NmE2 as a tumour associated, HLA-A32+ restricted, antigen in a patient with CML and found the protein (but not the mRNA) to be generally over expressed in CML but not in other haematological malignancies. We also detected a specific T-cell response in peripheral blood cells of a patient 5 years after transplantation. This identifies NmE2 as a potential target for both molecular and immunotherapy of CML. However, the development of immunotherapeutic approaches will depend on the ability of NmE2 to function as a tumour antigen in common HLA backgrounds. The aims of this study were firstly to investigate the antigenicity of NmE2 in the HLA-A2 background (which accounts for more than 50% of the Caucasian population), and secondly to characterise the regulatory relationship between Bcr/Abl and NmE2 using a cell line model of CML. Materials and Methods: 5 nonameric NmE2 peptides with predicted anchor amino acids for HLA-A2 were loaded at concentrations of 10μM separately onto HLA-A2 expressing antigen presenting cells. Elispot Assays were carried out with CD8+ MLLCs (for the identification of antigenic peptides) or CD8+ cells isolated directly from a CML patient at different time points after HCT. Ba/F3 cells stably expressing wild type and mutant forms of Bcr/Abl were treated with imatinib and nilotinib (0 – 10 μM) for 48h. Bcr/Abl activity was assessed by FACS using antibodies specific for the phosphorylated forms of CrkL and Stat5. NmE2 and c-Myc protein were detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting with specific antibodies [Santa Cruz, clones L-16 and 9E10 respectively]. Levels of nme2 and c-myc mRNA were determined by quantitative real time PCR. Results: Full length NmE2 protein and 2 of 5 HLA-A2 anchor-containing peptides tested (NmE2132–140 and NmE2112–120) were specifically recognized by the HLA-A2+ CD8+ MLLC, demonstrating the antigenicity of NmE2 in the HLA-A2 background in vitro. Furthermore, while CD8+ T-cells from a transplanted HLA-A2+ CML patient showed little or no specific reactivity in the first 10 months after HCT, a distinct reactivity (up to 0.6 % NmE2 reactive CD8+ T cells) became apparent at later stages, consistent with the development of an immune response against NmE2-expressing cells in vivo. The patient remained negative for bcr/abl transcripts throughout this period. BA/F3 Bcr/Abl cells expressed increased levels of NmE2 protein (but not mRNA) compared to the parent BA/F3 line. Interestingly, treatment with imatinib or nilotinib reduced NmE2 protein expression in BA/F3 Bcr/Abl, but not in cells expressing Bcr/Abl mutants resistant to the respective inhibitors. Treatment of BA/F3 Bcr/Abl cells with the PI3K inhibitor Ly294002 resulted in reduced Bcr/Abl activity and a corresponding reduction in both c-Myc and NmE2 protein levels, without affecting mRNA levels. Conclusion: The over expression of NmE2 is closely linked to Bcr/Abl kinase activity, the predominant level of regulation being post-transcriptional and dependent on PI-3K activity. The NmE2 protein is restricted by HLA-A2 as well as by HLA-A32. The development of an NmE2-specific T-cell response in a CML patient after stem cell transplantation suggests that NmE2 functions as a tumour antigen in HLA-A2+ patients in vivo and may be relevant to the long term immune control of CML. NmE2 is therefore a promising candidate for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of CML. Disclosures: Lange: BMS: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Niederwieser:BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding.

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Nestor, Karl, Bohumil Štíbr, John D. Kennedy, Mark Thornton-Pett, and Tomáš Jelínek. "Ten-Vertex Monocarbaborane Chemistry. A Convenient New Preparation of the [closo-1-CB9H10]- Anion and the Crystal and Molecular Structure of [(η5-C5Me5)2Ir2Cl3]+ [closo-1-CB9H10]-." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 6 (1992): 1262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921262.

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A more convenient synthesis of the [closo-1-CB9H10]- anion, from the reaction of 6-(NMe3)-nido-6-CB9H11] with piperidine in THF, is reported. Reaction of [NMe4]+[1-CB9H10]- and [(η5-C5Me5)IrCl2]2 gives the ionic species [(η5-C5Me5)2Ir2Cl3]+ [closo-1-CB9H10]- as a yellow crystalline compound. Crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a = 2505.9(6), b = 1223.6(3), c = 1029.8(3) ppm, and Z = 4. The structure was refined for 2329 reflections F > 4.0σ(F) to R = 0.0439. Both cation and anion possess crystallographic mirror-plane symmetry. Comparison of the structure of the anion with other formally closo ten-vertex structures reveals a previously unrecognised general opening.

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Leggett, Graham, Majid Motevalli, and Alice C. Sullivan. "Isolation of new polynuclear aluminium amides; trinuclear [AlCl(MeNCH2CH2NMe)2(Al(NMe2)Cl)(Al(NMe2)2)] and fluxional adamantane-like [Al4Cl2(NMe2)6(NMe)O]." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 598, no. 1 (March 2000): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00667-1.

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Wang, Chia-Hui, Nianhan Ma, Yu-Tsen Lin, Cheng-Chung Wu, Michael Hsiao, Frank Leigh Lu, Ching-Chia Yu, Shao-Yin Chen, and Jean Lu. "A shRNA Functional Screen Reveals Nme6 and Nme7 Are Crucial for Embryonic Stem Cell Renewal." STEM CELLS 30, no. 10 (September 20, 2012): 2199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.1203.

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Albers, Thomas, Joseph Grobe, Duc Le Van, Bernt Krebs, and Mechtild Läge. "Reaktive E=C (p-p)π-Systeme, XL. / Reactive E=C(p-p)π Systems, XL." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0119.

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The reaction of bis(trifluoromethyl)arsane 2 with secondary amines R2NH in a molar ratio of 1:3 at -60 °C allows the preparation of trifluoromethyl arsaalkenes of the type F3CAs=C(F)NR2 in moderate yields (15-35%) [NR2 = NMe2 (3a), NMeEt (3b), NEt2 (3c)]. The main product of the reaction of 2 with Me2NH is the 1,1-diamino compound F3CAs=C(NMe2)2 (4a). With ethyl(isopropyl)- or di(isopropyl)amine the corresponding derivatives F3CAs=C(F)NEt(iPr) (3d) and F3CAs=C(F)N(iPr)2 (3e), respectively, are formed only in traces (3d), or not at all (3 e). However, 3d and 3e can be prepared by reacting perfluoro-2-arsapropene with the corresponding secondary amines. The new compounds 3 a to 3 e can be stored at 20 °C in chloroform solution for hours without decomposition and show Z configuration without exception. The molecular structure of 1-(diethylamino)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-arsapropene 3c, determined by an X-ray diffraction study on single crystals, indicates a strong electronic interaction of the lone pair on nitrogen with the AsC double bond. This results in a trigonal planar arrangement at the nitrogen atom, a strongly shortened sp2-CN-bond (1.312 Å), an elongated AsC distance (1.867 Å), and an almost planar skeleton of the molecule.

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Postel, Edith Horn, Xiaoming Zou, Daniel A. Notterman, and Krista M. D. La Perle. "Double knockout Nme1/Nme2 mouse model suggests a critical role for NDP kinases in erythroid development." Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 329, no. 1-2 (April 21, 2009): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-009-0110-9.

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Jelínek, Tomáš, Josef Holub, Bohumil Štíbr, Xavier L. R. Fontaine, and John D. Kennedy. "Nine- and Eight-Vertex Polyhedral Dicarbaborane Chemistry: New arachno and hypho Dicarbaboranes from arachno-4,5-C2B7H13: Isolation and Characterization of the [arachno-4,5-C2B7H12]- and [hypho-7,8-C2B6H13]- Anions, and of the Neutral Ligand Derivatives exo-6-(MeNC)-arachno-4,5-C2B7H11 and exo-5-L-hypho-4,9-C2B7H13 (L = NMe3 and NEt3)." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 7 (1994): 1584–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19941584.

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Deprotonation of neutral arachno-4,5-C2B7H13 (1) either with 1, 8-(NMe2)2C10H6 (proton sponge, PS) or with a mixture of aqueous K2CO3 and [NMe4]Cl leads to the isolation in high yield of the [arachno-4,5-C2B7H12]- anion (2). Isostructural with this anion is the ligand derivative exo-6-(MeNC)-arachno-4,5-C2B7H11 (3), which is prepared in 20% yield from the reaction between arachno-4,5-C2B7H13 and MeNC in dichloromethane. Under comparable conditions compound 1 with tertiary amines gives the first representatives of the nine-vertex hypho family of dicarbaboranes, the ligand derivatives exo-5-(NR3)-hypho-4,9-C2B7H13 (4a and 4b, where R = Me and Et, respectively) in moderate yields (20 - 55%), whereas the reaction between 1 and aqueous NaCN results in the selective removal of one boron vertex to yield the eight-vertex [hypho-7,8-C2B6H13]- anion (5) in 61% yield. All compounds isolated were characterized by 11B and 1H NMR spectroscopy, with two-dimensional and selective decoupling techniques giving unambiguous assignments.

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Khan, Imran, Brunilde Gril, and Patricia S. Steeg. "Metastasis Suppressors NME1 and NME2 Promote Dynamin 2 Oligomerization and Regulate Tumor Cell Endocytosis, Motility, and Metastasis." Cancer Research 79, no. 18 (July 16, 2019): 4689–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0492.

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Park, Sangwoug, Yongbeom Kwon, Ki Tae Kim, Seon Mi Shin, Kang-Hyun Leem, Heung Ko, MiKyung Song, Yoon Chul Jung, Hocheol Kim, and Juyeon Park. "A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to the efficacy and Safety of NMED-01 and NMED-02 in Mild Alcoholic Liver Subjects." Korea Journal of Herbology 28, no. 6 (November 30, 2013): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.6116/kjh.2013.28.6.31.

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Gong, Hui, Zhiqiang Fan, Dan Yi, Junyu Chen, Zuojun Li, Ren Guo, Chunjiang Wang, Weijin Fang, and Shikun Liu. "Histidine kinase NME1 and NME2 are involved in TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and CCl4-induced liver fibrosis." Journal of Molecular Histology 51, no. 5 (August 28, 2020): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10735-020-09906-4.

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Zhang, Chengliang, Xiuqin Zheng, Rulan Lu, Wenwei Yun, Huifang Yun, and Xianju Zhou. "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treatment of post-stroke dysphagia." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 662–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518807340.

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Objective This study was performed to determine whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) effectively ameliorates dysphagia and how rTMS protocols (bilateral vs. unilateral) combined with NMES can be optimized. Methods Sixty-four patients were randomly divided into four groups using a random distribution table: the sham rTMS plus NMES (Sham-rTMS/NMES), ipsilesional 10-Hz rTMS plus NMES (Ipsi-rTMS/NMES), contralesional 1-Hz rTMS plus NMES (Contra-rTMS/NMES), and bilateral rTMS plus NMES (Bi-rTMS/NMES) groups. Cortical excitability as measured by the amplitude of the motor evoked potential at the mylohyoid muscle cortical representative area, swallowing function as measured by the Standardized Swallowing Assessment, and the degree of dysphagia were evaluated at baseline, after the stimulation course, and at the 1-month follow-up. Results Bi-rTMS/NMES produced higher cortical excitability and better swallowing function recovery. Compared with NMES alone, unilateral rTMS plus NMES had additional effects on cortical excitability and rehabilitation of dysphagia, but there were no differences between the Contra-rTMS/NMES and Ipsi-rTMS/NMES groups. No adverse events occurred. Conclusion The combination of rTMS with NMES was superior to NMES alone in improving the recovery of post-stroke dysphagia, and the combination of bilateral rTMS with NMES was more effective than unilateral rTMS combined with NMES.

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Logue, Catherine M., Curt Doetkott, Paul Mangiamele, Yvonne M. Wannemuehler, Timothy J. Johnson, Kelly A. Tivendale, Ganwu Li, Julie S. Sherwood, and Lisa K. Nolan. "Genotypic and Phenotypic Traits That Distinguish Neonatal Meningitis-Associated Escherichia coli from Fecal E. coli Isolates of Healthy Human Hosts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 16 (June 15, 2012): 5824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07869-11.

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ABSTRACTNeonatal meningitisEscherichia coli(NMEC) is one of the top causes of neonatal meningitis worldwide. Here, 85 NMEC and 204 fecalE. coliisolates from healthy humans (HFEC) were compared for possession of traits related to virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and plasmid content. This comparison was done to identify traits that typify NMEC and distinguish it from commensal strains to refine the definition of the NMEC subpathotype, identify traits that might contribute to NMEC pathogenesis, and facilitate choices of NMEC strains for future study. A large number ofE. colistrains from both groups were untypeable, with the most common serogroups occurring among NMEC being O18, followed by O83, O7, O12, and O1. NMEC strains were more likely than HFEC strains to be assigned to the B2 phylogenetic group. Few NMEC or HFEC strains were resistant to antimicrobials. Genes that best discriminated between NMEC and HFEC strains and that were present in more than 50% of NMEC isolates were mainly from extraintestinal pathogenicE. coligenomic and plasmid pathogenicity islands. Several of these defining traits had not previously been associated with NMEC pathogenesis, are of unknown function, and are plasmid located. Several genes that had been previously associated with NMEC virulence did not dominate among the NMEC isolates. These data suggest that there is much about NMEC virulence that is unknown and that there are pitfalls to studying single NMEC isolates to represent the entire subpathotype.

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Vivodtzev, Isabelle, Nicola A. Maffiuletti, Anne-Laure Borel, Angélique Grangier, Bernard Wuyam, Renaud Tamisier, and Jean-Louis Pépin. "Acute Feasibility of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Severely Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Pilot Study." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3704380.

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Objective. Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are closely interconnected conditions both leading to high cardiovascular risk. Inactivity is frequent and physical activity programs remain difficult in these patients. We investigated the acute feasibility of two neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) modalities in extremely inactive obese patients with OSA.Design. A randomized cross-over study, with two experimental sessions (one per condition: multipath NMES versus conventional NMES).Setting. Outpatient research hospital.Subjects. Twelve patients with obesity, already treated for OSA.Interventions. No intervention.Measures. Feasibility outcomes included NMES current intensity, knee extension force evoked by NMES, and self-reported discomfort.Results. We found higher current intensity, a trend to significantly higher evoked force and lower discomfort during multipath NMES versus conventional NMES, suggesting better tolerance to the former NMES modality. However, patients were rapidly limited in the potential of increasing current intensity of multipath NMES.Conclusion. Both NMES modalities were feasible and relatively well tolerated by obese patients with OSA, even if multipath NMES showed a better muscle response/discomfort ratio than conventional NMES. There is an urgent need for a proof-of-concept study and interventional randomized controlled trials comparing NMES therapy versus current care to justify its utilization in obese and apneic patients with low physical activity levels.

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Fox, Mark A., Andrés E. Goeta, Andrew K. Hughes, John M. Malget, and Ken Wade. "Halogenation of Tris(amido)tantalacarboranes with Dihalomethanes CH2X2 (X = Cl, Br)." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 67, no. 6 (2002): 791–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20020791.

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Slow reactions of isomeric metallacarboranes of general formulae [(NMe2)3TaC2B9H11] (3 isomers) and [(NMe2)3TaC2B9H10Me] (3 isomers) with CD2Cl2 afford quantitative yields of monochloro complexes [Cl(NMe2)2TaC2B9H11] and [Cl(NMe2)2TaC2B9H10Me]. Exposure to CD2Cl2 for months leads to solutions containing about 70% of the dichlorides in three cases. More prolonged exposure of these and the other monochlorides leads to a mixture of boron-substituted complexes. Hydrolysis of [3,3,3-(NMe2)3-3,1,2-TaC2B9H11] by moist toluene results in the formation of the oxo-bridged complex 3,3'-[3,3-(NMe2)2-3,1,2-TaC2B9H11]2(μ-O), characterised by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The limited solubility of the latter complex in CD2Cl2 eliminates the presence of this compound in the reaction of [3,3,3-(NMe2)3-3,1,2-TaC2B9H11] with CD2Cl2. The reaction of [2,2,2-(NMe2)3-2,1,12-TaC2B9H11] with CH2Br2 in C6D6 quantitatively yields the monobromide [2-Br-2,2-(NMe2)2-2,1,12-TaC2B9H11]. Prolonged reaction with CH2Br2 leads directly to isomeric boron-substituted complexes with no evidence for dibromides. The influence on 11B, 13C and 1H NMR chemical shifts of replacing an amide group in [(NMe2)3TaC2B9H11] with chloride to give [Cl(NMe2)2TaC2B9H11] is also discussed.

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Bergquist, A. J., M. J. Wiest, and D. F. Collins. "Motor unit recruitment when neuromuscular electrical stimulation is applied over a nerve trunk compared with a muscle belly: quadriceps femoris." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00074.2011.

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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be delivered over a nerve trunk or muscle belly and both can generate contractions through peripheral and central pathways. Generating contractions through peripheral pathways is associated with a nonphysiological motor unit recruitment order, which may limit the efficacy of NMES rehabilitation. Presently, we compared recruitment through peripheral and central pathways for contractions of the knee extensors evoked by NMES applied over the femoral nerve vs. the quadriceps muscle. NMES was delivered to evoke 10 and 20% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque 2–3 s into the NMES (time1) in two patterns: 1) constant frequency (15 Hz for 8 s); and 2) step frequency (15–100-15 Hz and 25–100-25 Hz for 3–2-3 s, respectively). Torque and electromyographic activity recorded from vastus lateralis and medialis were quantified at the beginning (time1) and end (time2; 6–7 s into the NMES) of each pattern. M-waves (peripheral pathway), H-reflexes, and asynchronous activity (central pathways) during NMES were quantified. Torque did not differ regardless of NMES location, pattern, or time. For both muscles, M-waves were ∼7–10 times smaller and H-reflexes ∼8–9 times larger during NMES over the nerve compared with over the muscle. However, unlike muscles studied previously, neither torque nor activity through central pathways were augmented following 100 Hz NMES, nor was any asynchronous activity evoked during NMES at either location. The coefficient of variation was also quantified at time2to determine the consistency of each dependent measure between three consecutive contractions. Torque, M-waves, and H-reflexes were most variable during NMES over the nerve. In summary, NMES over the nerve produced contractions with the greatest recruitment through central pathways; however, considering some of the limitations of NMES over the femoral nerve, it may be considered a good complement to, as opposed to a replacement for, NMES over the quadriceps muscle for maintaining muscle quality and reducing contraction fatigue during NMES rehabilitation.

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Natsume, Toshiharu, Toshinori Yoshihara, and Hisashi Naito. "Electromyostimulation with blood flow restriction enhances activation of mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways in rat gastrocnemius muscles." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, no. 6 (June 2019): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0384.

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Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) induces muscle hypertrophy. However, cellular mechanisms underlying the muscle hypertrophy induced by NMES combined with BFR remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that NMES combined with BFR would enhance the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Age-matched male Wistar rats (6 months old, n = 7 per group) were assigned randomly to control, BFR alone (BFR), NMES alone (NMES), and NMES combined with BFR (NMES/BFR) groups. NMES induced 25 isometric contractions lasting 8 s with 4-s resting periods between contractions in the gastrocnemius muscle. Four sets in total were performed, with 1-min intervals between sets. A latex cuff was placed on the proximal portion of the hind limb and BFR at 200 mm Hg was conducted in 4 sets (each set 5 min) with 1-min rest intervals between sets. Venous blood was collected from the lateral tail vein to determine pH, H+ concentration, and lactate concentration before and immediately after the treatments. Expression levels of proteins related to muscle hypertrophy were determined by Western blot analysis. The application of NMES/BFR promoted muscle fatigue more than NMES alone. NMES/BFR induced greater changes in accumulation of metabolites and increase in gastrocnemius muscle weight. The phosphorylation of mTOR and MAPK signaling-related proteins was also enhanced following NMES/BFR, compared with other conditions. Thus, NMES enhanced the activation of mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways when combined with BFR.

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Cox, M. Gary, A. R. Manning, Paul Soye, P. McArdle, and D. Cunningham. "The reaction of R,S and R,R/S,S-[Fe2{η,η-C5H4CH(NMe2)CH(NMe2)C5H4}(CO)2(μ-CO)2] and [ η-C5H4CH2CH(NMe2)C5H4}(CO)2(μ-CO)2] with alkylating agents. Preparation, structure and spectra of [Fe2{η, CH(NMe2)CH(NMe3)C5H4}(CO)2(μ-CO)2]+ and [Fe2{η,η-C5H4CH2CH(NMe3)C5H4}(CO)2(μ- salts." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 484, no. 1-2 (December 1994): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(94)87192-2.

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Bouguetoch, Amandine, Alain Martin, and Sidney Grosprêtre. "Insights into the combination of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and motor imagery in a training-based approach." European Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 3 (January 8, 2021): 941–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04582-4.

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Abstract Introduction Training stimuli that partially activate the neuromuscular system, such as motor imagery (MI) or neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), have been previously shown as efficient tools to induce strength gains. Here the efficacy of MI, NMES or NMES + MI trainings has been compared. Methods Thirty-seven participants were enrolled in a training program of ten sessions in 2 weeks targeting plantar flexor muscles, distributed in four groups: MI, NMES, NMES + MI and control. Each group underwent forty contractions in each session, NMES + MI group doing 20 contractions of each modality. Before and after, the neuromuscular function was tested through the recording of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), but also electrophysiological and mechanical responses associated with electrical nerve stimulation. Muscle architecture was assessed by ultrasonography. Results MVC increased by 11.3 ± 3.5% in NMES group, by 13.8 ± 5.6% in MI, while unchanged for NMES + MI and control. During MVC, a significant increase in V-wave without associated changes in superimposed H-reflex has been observed for NMES and MI, suggesting that neural adaptations occurred at supraspinal level. Rest spinal excitability was increased in the MI group while decreased in the NMES group. No change in muscle architecture (pennation angle, fascicle length) has been found in any group but muscular peak twitch and soleus maximal M-wave increased in the NMES group only. Conclusion Finally, MI and NMES seem to be efficient stimuli to improve strength, although both exhibited different and specific neural plasticity. On its side, NMES + MI combination did not provide the expected gains, suggesting that their effects are not simply cumulative, or even are competitive.

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Wellauer, Vanessa, Julia F. Item, Mario Bizzini, and Nicola A. Maffiuletti. "Home-Based Nonoperative-Side Quadriceps Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Prevents Muscle Weakness Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11020466.

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We compared the effectiveness of a home-based neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) program applied to the quadriceps of the nonoperative side against sham-NMES as a complement to standard rehabilitation on knee extensor neuromuscular function in patients following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Twenty-four patients completed the 6 week NMES (n = 12) and sham-NMES (n = 12) post-operative interventions and were tested at different time points for neuromuscular function and self-reported knee function. Isometric, concentric, and eccentric strength deficits (muscle weakness) increased significantly from pre-surgery to 24 weeks post-surgery in the sham-NMES group (p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the NMES group. On the stimulated (nonoperative) side, quadriceps voluntary activation and muscle thickness were respectively maintained (p > 0.05) and increased (p < 0.001) as a result of the NMES intervention, contrary to sham-NMES. Self-reported knee function improved progressively during the post-operative phase (p < 0.05), with no difference between the two groups. Compared to a sham-NMES intervention, a 6 week home-based NMES program applied to the quadriceps of the nonoperative side early after ACL reconstruction prevented the occurrence of knee extensor muscle weakness 6 months after surgery. We conclude that nonoperative-side NMES may help counteract muscle weakness after ACL reconstruction.

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Miller, Michael G., Christopher C. Cheatham, William R. Holcomb, Rosealin Ganschow, Timothy J. Michael, and Mack D. Rubley. "Subcutaneous Tissue Thickness Alters the Effect of NMES." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 17, no. 1 (February 2008): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.17.1.68.

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Context:No direct research has been conducted on the relationship between subcutaneous tissue thickness and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES).Objective:The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of subcutaneous tissue thickness on NMES amplitude and NMES force production of the quadriceps.Design:Simple fixed design, testing the independent variable of subcutaneous thickness (skinfold) groups with the dependent variables of NMES amplitude and force production.Setting:Athletic Training Laboratory.Participants:29 healthy women.Intervention:NMES to produce at least 30% of maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the quadriceps.Main Outcome Measure:Maximal NMES amplitude and percentage of MVIC using NMES.Results:A significant skinfold category difference F2,28 = 3.92, P = .032 on NMES amplitude was found. Post hoc revealed the thinnest skinfold category tolerated less amplitude compared to the thickest category. A significant correlation was found between NMES amplitude skinfold category R = .557, P = .002.Conclusion:Higher NMES amplitudes are needed for the thickest skinfold category compared to the thinnest skinfold category.

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Skyberg, Jerod A., Catherine A. Chambers, Alexis S. Dadelahi, Charles R. Moley, Rachel M. Olson, and Catherine M. Logue. "Nucleotide Receptors Mediate Protection Against Neonatal Sepsis and Meningitis Caused by Alpha-Hemolysin Expressing Escherichia coli K1." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 51.02. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.51.02.

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Abstract Neonatal meningitis-associated Escherichia coli (NMEC) are among the leading causes of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in newborn infants. Several virulence factors have been identified as common among NMEC, and have been shown to play an important role in the development of bacteremia and/or meningitis. However, there is significant variability in virulence factor expression between NMEC isolates, and relatively little research has been done to assess the impact of variable virulence factor expression on immune cell activation and the outcome of infection. Here we investigated the role of NMEC strain-dependent P2X receptor (P2XR) signaling on the outcome of infection in neonatal mice. We found that alpha hemolysin (HlyA)-expressing NMEC (HlyA+) induced robust P2XR-dependent macrophage cell death in vitro, while HlyA− NMEC did not. P2XR-dependent cell death was inflammasome independent, suggesting an uncoupling of P2XR and inflammasome activation in the context of NMEC infection. In vivo inhibition of P2XRs was associated with increased mortality in neonatal mice infected with HlyA+ NMEC, but had no effect on the survival of neonatal mice infected with HlyA− NMEC. Furthermore, we found that P2XR-dependent protection against HlyA+ NMEC in vivo required macrophages, but not neutrophils or NLRP3. Taken together, these data suggest that HlyA+ NMEC activate P2XRs which in turn confers macrophage dependent protection against infection in neonates. In addition, our findings indicate that strain-dependent virulence factor expression should be taken into account when studying the immune response to NMEC. Supported by University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Committee on Research.

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Journal articles on the topic 'NMET'

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