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Andrén, Samuel, and William Bolin. "NLIs over APIs : Evaluating Pattern Matching as a way of processing natural language for a simple API." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186429.
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This report explores of the feasibility of using pattern matching for implementing a robust Natural Language Interface (NLI) over a limited Application Programming Interface (API). Because APIs are used to such a great extent today and often in mobile applications, it becomes more important to find simple ways of making them accessible to end users. A very intuitive way to access information via an API is using natural language. Therefore, this study first explores the possibility of building a corpus of the most common phrases used for a particular API. It is then explored how those phrases adhere to patterns, and how these patterns can be used to extract meaning from a phrase. Finally it evaluates an implementation of an NLI using pattern matching system based on the patterns. The result of the building of the corpus shows that although the amount of unique phrases used with our API seems to increase quite steadily, the amount of patterns those phrases follow converges to a constant quickly. This implies that it is possible to use these patterns to create an NLI that is robust enough to query an API effectively. The evaluation of the pattern matching system indicates that this technique can be used to successfully extract information from a phrase if its pattern is known by the system.Den här rapporten utforskar hur genomförbart det är att använda mönstermatchning för att implementera ett robust användargränssnitt för styrning med naturligt språk (Natural Language Interface, NLI) över en begränsad Application Programming Interface (API). Eftersom APIer används i stor utsträckning idag, ofta i mobila applikationer, har det blivit allt mer viktigt att hitta sätt att göra dem ännu mer tillgängliga för slutanvändare. Ett mycket intuitivt sätt att komma åt information är med hjälp av naturligt språk via en API. I den här rapporten redogörs först för möjligheten att bygga ett korpus för en viss API and att skapa mönster för mönstermatchning på det korpuset. Därefter utvärderas en implementation av ett NLI som bygger på mönstermatchning med hjälp av korpuset. Resultatet av korpusuppbyggnaden visar att trots att antalet unika fraser som används för vårt API ökar ganska stadigt, så konvergerar antalat mönster på de fraserna relativt snabbt mot en konstant. Detta antyder att det är mycket möjligt att använda desssa mönster för att skapa en NLI som är robust nog för en API. Utvärderingen av implementationen av mönstermatchingssystemet antyder att tekniken kan användas för att framgångsrikt extrahera information från fraser om mönstret frasen följer finns i systemet.
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Lando, Emilio, and Jakob Bank. "NLI-spel som läromedel : En undersökning om NLI-spels effektivitet inom utbildning i jämförelse med vanligt läsande för elever i åldrarna 10-15 år." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166729.
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Låg motivation och dåliga resultat i skolan är ett problem idag. Syftetmed denna studie var att undersöka om lärande med hjälp av ettNLI-spel är effektivare inom utbildning än vanligt läsande för barnoch ungdomar mellan 10 och 15 år. Detta undersöktes genom attjämföra inlärning via ett NLI-spel och inlärning via läsning där bådespelet och texten innehåller exakt samma fakta. Jämförelsen gjordesvia ett teoretiskt prov där de två gruppernas resultat analyserades.Resultatet var lyckat och gruppen som spelade spelet hade igenomsnitt fler rätt på provet än de som läste. På grund av fåtestpersoner i målgruppen gjordes en komplettering med vuxnatestpersoner för att öka korrektheten av resultatet. Det generellaresultatet förblev detsamma och inlärning via spel var fördelaktigt,dock var skillnaden betydligt mindre för de vuxna testpersonerna. Endragen slutsats är att detta tillvägagångssätt inom utbildning är bästlämpat för barn och ungdomar där läsning och teoretisk inlärning äromotiverande och tråkigt.
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Jurata, Linda Wagner. "Identification and analysis of the nuclear LIM domain interactor NLI /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9904815.
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Pearce, Wendy Maureen, and wendy pearce@jcu edu au. "The Role of Morphosyntax and Oral Narrative in the Differential Diagnosis of Specific Language Impairment." Flinders University. Medicine (Dept of Speech Pathology & Audiology), 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070220.174901.
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Against the background of a broad range of language features that are identified as characteristic of specific language impairment (SLI), some researchers have identified a narrower set of clinical markers considered the hallmark of SLI. However, comparisons with language impairments that fall outside the criteria for SLI are limited. This thesis is concerned with determining which language features, if any, are capable of differentiating children with SLI from children with non-specific language impairment (NLI).
Conversation and oral narrative language samples were collected from seventy five children aged 2 ½ to 6 years comprising four research groups: 21 participants with SLI, 13 participants with NLI, 21 age-matched participants with normally developing language (AM) and 20 younger language-matched participants with normally developing language (LM). Matching for group comparisons required that the SLI and NLI groups had similar levels of language ability on a standardised assessment and mean length of utterance (MLU), which reduced the SLI group to 15 participants for these comparisons. The LM group was also matched to the SLI and NLI groups on MLU. A wide range of language variables from the conversation and narrative samples were analysed, covering the domains of general sample measures, morphosyntactic accuracy and complexity, narrative structure and cohesion.
The SLI and NLI groups performed similarly in all domains and could not be differentiated diagnostically on the measures examined. The most consistent group effects were for comparisons between the AM and LM groups, which demonstrated the effects of maturation and development. The language impairment (LI) and LM groups could not be differentiated on the majority of general language sample or morphosyntactic measures but the SLI group produced narratives that were structurally more complex and cohesive than the LM group.
Language tasks varied in their effectiveness in differentiating groups. More consistent group effects for the grammatical accuracy measures were obtained from the conversations than the narratives, and from composite measures compared to individual morpheme measures. Targeted elicitation tasks were more effective than the conversations or narratives in producing consistent group effects for accuracy of individual verb tense morphemes. More consistent group effects for the narrative features were obtained from a wordless picture book than a single scene picture. A set of discriminant function analyses showed that LI was most effectively identified using a combination of key morphosyntactic measures from the conversations and key narrative feature measures from the two narratives.
The results have implications for diagnostic practices, intervention practices and theoretical constructs and explanations of SLI and NLI. In particular, a broad, holistic view of LI is supported, as an impairment that impacts on all domains of language which interact with each other and must be considered collectively, rather than as individual, splintered skills.
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Nilsson, Pontus, and Wilhelm Öhman. "Natural Language Interfaces in Computer Games : A study of NLI accuracy in Risk." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186865.
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Developing a Natural Language Interface that can understand everything is a very challenging task due to the varied and ambiguous nature of natural language. However, when confined to a small setting, would it be possible to develop an NLI that through repeated iterations can reach perfect understanding? The chosen setting was Risk and was created in Java. The game used Regex to detect certain key elements in the input and interpreted them accordingly. User studies were used to determine the accuracy of the NLI and based on the incorrectly interpreted input the game was improved upon. This was iterated three times. The conclusion was that, while it would be difficult to have the NLI reach a completely perfect understanding, it is possible to achieve precision close to that.
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RODRIGUEZ, RAFAEL MARTINEZ. "STUDY OF THE STABLE AND METASTABLE (LIF)NLI+ ION EMISSION INDUCED BY 252CF FISSION FRAGMENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4384@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORUm espectrômetro de massa por tempo-de-vôo 252Cf-PDMS foi empregado para a realização de três atividades: a) o aperfeiçoamento do espectrômetro com a instalação de novos dispositivos; b) a análise da emissão secundária de agregados iônicos por um alvo de LiF; c) a análise da fragmentação em vôo de íons positivos (LiF)nLi+ metaestáveis. O aperfeiçoamento do espectrômetro consistiu: i) na blindagem elétrica do detector start para aumentar a sua estabilidade; ii) na caracterização de dois pares de placas defletoras já existentes; iii) na instalação de um novo tipo de detector sensível à posição com anodo multi-fios, e iv) no projeto e na instalação de uma lente Einzel para aumentar a transmissão de íons secundários entre a amostra e o detector. A emissão secundária de agregados iônicos por um filme de LiF policristalino, bombardeado por fragmentos de fissão de ~ 60 MeV foi analisada através da técnica tempo-de-vôo (TOF). O detector sensível à posição recém instalado permite o emprego da técnica XY-TOF para analisar distribuições angulares de íons Li e dos agregados (LiF)nLi+. Determinaram-se as distribuições angulares dos agregados com n = 0 a 3, através de medidas simultâneas de suas velocidades axiais e radiais, evento por evento. A vida media de íons metaestáveis (LiF)nLi+* é determinada fazendo uso da configuração do espectrômetro e especialmente do comprimento do tubo de vôo livre. Após serem emitidas, as espécies iônicas metaestáveis monocarregadas são aceleradas por um campo elétrico da ordem de 2 kV/mm, e conduzidas a uma região de campo externo nulo, onde podem se dissociar espontaneamente em um fragmento iônico e outro neutro. Para facilitar a analise dos dados, impede-se a detecção do fragmento iônico através de um filtro eletrostático. Foram analisados os agregados iônicos com n = 1 a 5. Encontrouse que os valores das vidas medias estão na faixa de 30 a 100 ns. Discute-se também a detecção de espécies neutras produzidas por colisão de agregados (LiF)nLi+ com moléculas de gás residual.
A 252Cf-PDMS time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used for the accomplishment of three activities: a) improvement of the spectrometer by introducing new devices; b) analysis of the LiF cluster ion secondary emission; c) analysis of the (LiF)nLi+ metastable íon fragmentation, in flight. The spectrometer improvement consists of: i) the shielding of the start detector to increase its stability, ii) the characterization of two existing deflecting- plate pairs, iii) the installation of a new type of position-sensitive delay line detector for secundary ions, and iv) the project and manufacture of a Einzel lens to increase the transmission of the secondary íons between the sample and the detector. The secondary cluster ion emission of policrystalline LiF, induced by the impact of fission fragments (60 MeV), is analyzed by the time-of-flight technique (TOF). The new position sensitive delay-line detector allows the use of the XY-TOF technique to analyze angular distributions of Li ions and (LiF)nLi+ clusters. Event by event, their axial and radial velocities are measured simultaneously, allowing the angular distributions measurement of clusters with n = 0 to 3. Mean lives of metastable clusters are determined through the measurement of the detection rate dependence on the target bias. After been emitted, the monocharged metatable ions are acelerated by a 2 kV/mm electric field towards a field-free region, where they can spontaneously dissociateinto two fragments, one ion and another neutral. To facilitate the data analysis, it is avoided the detection of ionic fragments by placing an electrostatic filter in front of the detector. Mean lives values of 30 to 100 ns are determined for ionic clusters with n = 1 to 5. The production of neutral species by collision of the (LiF)nLi+ clusters with the gas molecules is also discussed.
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Kalouli, Aikaterini-Lida [Verfasser]. "Hy-NLI : a Hybrid system for state-of-the-art Natural Language Inference / Aikaterini-Lida Kalouli." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233203029/34.
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Kobeissi, Meriana. "A conversational AI Framework for Cognitive Process Analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAS025.
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Les processus métier (BP) sont les piliers fondamentaux des organisations, englobant toute une gamme d'activités structurées visant à atteindre des objectifs organisationnels distincts. Ces processus, caractérisés par une multitude de tâches, d'interactions et de flux de travail, offrent une méthodologie structurée pour superviser les opérations cruciales dans divers secteurs. Une découverte essentielle pour les organisations a été la reconnaissance de la valeur profonde inhérente aux données produites pendant ces processus. L'analyse des processus, une discipline spécialisée, explore ces journaux de données, facilitant une compréhension plus profonde et l'amélioration des BP. Cette analyse peut être catégorisée en deux perspectives : le niveau d'instance, qui se concentre sur les exécutions individuelles de processus, et le niveau de processus, qui examine le processus global.Cependant, l'application de l'analyse des processus pose des défis aux utilisateurs, impliquant la nécessité d'accéder aux données, de naviguer dans les API de bas niveau et d'utiliser des méthodes dépendantes d'outils. L'application dans le monde réel rencontre souvent des complexités et des obstacles centrés sur l'utilisateur.Plus précisément, l'analyse de niveau d'instance exige des utilisateurs qu'ils accèdent aux données d'exécution de processus stockées, une tâche qui peut être complexe pour les professionnels de l'entreprise en raison de l'exigence de maîtriser des langages de requête complexes tels que SQL et CYPHER. En revanche, l'analyse de niveau de processus des données de processus implique l'utilisation de méthodes et d'algorithmes qui exploitent les données d'exécution de processus extraites des systèmes d'information. Ces méthodologies sont regroupées sous le terme de techniques d'exploration de processus. L'application de l'exploration de processus confronte les analystes à la tâche complexe de sélection de méthodes, qui consiste à trier des descriptions de méthodes non structurées. De plus, l'application des méthodes d'exploration de processus dépend d'outils spécifiques et nécessite un certain niveau d'expertise technique.Pour relever ces défis, cette thèse présente des solutions basées sur l'IA, mettant l'accent sur l'intégration de capacités cognitives dans l'analyse des processus pour faciliter les tâches d'analyse tant au niveau de l'instance qu'au niveau du processus pour tous les utilisateurs. Les objectifs principaux sont doubles : premièrement, améliorer l'accessibilité des données d'exécution de processus en créant une interface capable de construire automatiquement la requête de base correspondante à partir du langage naturel. Ceci est complété par la proposition d'une technique de stockage adaptée et d'un langage de requête autour desquels l'interface doit être conçue. À cet égard, nous introduisons un méta-modèle graphique basé sur le graphe de propriétés étiquetées (LPG) pour le stockage efficace des données. Deuxièmement, pour rationaliser la découverte et l'accessibilité des techniques d'exploration de processus, nous présentons une architecture orientée services.Pour valider notre méta-modèle graphique, nous avons utilisé deux ensembles de données de processus accessibles au public disponibles à la fois au format CSV et OCEL. Ces ensembles de données ont été essentiels pour évaluer les performances de notre pipeline de requêtes en langage naturel. Nous avons recueilli des requêtes en langage naturel auprès d'utilisateurs externes et en avons généré d'autres à l'aide d'outils de paraphrase. Notre cadre orienté services a été évalué à l'aide de requêtes en langage naturel spécialement conçues pour les descriptions de services d'exploration de processus. De plus, nous avons mené une étude de cas avec des participants externes pour évaluer l'expérience utilisateur et recueillir des commentaires. Nous fournissons publiquement les résultats de l'évaluation pour garantir la reproductibilité dans le domaine étudiéBusiness processes (BP) are the foundational pillars of organizations, encapsulating a range of structured activities aimed at fulfilling distinct organizational objectives. These processes, characterized by a plethora of tasks, interactions, and workflows, offer a structured methodology for overseeing crucial operations across diverse sectors. A pivotal insight for organizations has been the discernment of the profound value inherent in the data produced during these processes. Process analysis, a specialized discipline, ventures into these data logs, facilitating a deeper comprehension and enhancement of BPs. This analysis can be categorized into two perspectives: instance-level, which focuses on individual process executions, and process-level, which examines the overarching process.However, applying process analysis in practice poses challenges for users, involving the need to access data, navigate low-level APIs, and employ tool-dependent methods. Real-world application often encounters complexities and user-centric obstacles.Specifically, instance-level analysis demands users to access stored process execution data, a task that can be intricate for business professionals due to the requirement of mastering complex query languages like SQL and CYPHER. Conversely, process-level analysis of process data involves the utilization of methods and algorithms that harness process execution data extracted from information systems. These methodologies collectively fall under the umbrella of process mining techniques. The application of process mining confronts analysts with the intricate task of method selection, which involves sifting through unstructured method descriptions. Additionally, the application of process mining methods depends on specific tools and necessitates a certain level of technical expertise.To address these challenges, this thesis introduces AI-driven solutions, with a focus on integrating cognitive capabilities into process analysis to facilitate analysis tasks at both the instance level and the process level for all users. The primary objectives are twofold: Firstly, to enhance the accessibility of process execution data by creating an interface capable of automatically constructing the corresponding database query from natural language. This is complemented by proposing a suitable storage technique and query language that the interface should be designed around. In this regard, we introduce a graph metamodel based on Labeled Property Graph (LPG) for efficient data storage. Secondly, to streamline the discovery and accessibility of process mining techniques, we present a service-oriented architecture. This architecture comprises three core components: an LPG meta-model detailing process mining methods, a service-oriented REST API design tailored for these methods, and a component adept at matching user requirements expressed in natural language with appropriate services.For the validation of our graph metamodel, we utilized two publicly accessible process datasets available in both CSV and OCEL formats. These datasets were instrumental in evaluating the performance of our NL querying pipeline. We gathered NL queries from external users and produced additional ones through paraphrasing tools. Our service-oriented framework underwent an assessment using NL queries specifically designed for process mining service descriptions. Additionally, we carried out a use case study with external participants to evaluate user experience and to gather feedback. We publically provide the evaluation results to ensure reproducibility in the studied area
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Acharya, Jaldeep, and Ludvig Fröberg. "A comparison of interfaces in choice driven games : Investigating possible future applications of NLIs in choice driven games by comparing a menu- based interface with an NLI in a text-based game." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186523.
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Natural language processing has for a long time been a field of research and has been regarded as a thing of the future. Due to its complexity it stopped being featured in computer games in the early 2000s. It has however had a recent revival as a consequence of advancements made in speech recognition, making the possible applications of natural language processing much larger. One market that hasn’t seen much in the way of natural language interfaces recently is that of computer games. This report covers the basics of natural language processing needed to implement two versions of a simple text-based adventure game, one with a menu-based interface and one with a natural lan- guage interface. These were then played by a test group from which usability statistics were gathered to determine if it is likely that NLP will find its way back in to choice driven games in the future. The results showed that even though the menu-based interface has a faster rate of progression, the NLI version of the game was perceived as more enjoyable by users with experience in gaming. The reason being that the NLI al- lowed for more thinking on the user’s part and therefore the game presented a greater challenge, something that is perceived as attractive by users with experience in com- puter games. Also the measured usability was roughly the same for both interfaces while it was feared that it would be much lower for NLIs. Therefore, the conclusion was that it is highly plausible that NLI will find its way back into the gaming world, since it adds a new dimension to adventure games, which is something that attracts users. However, this is given that NLP development continues in the same fast pace as it is today, making it possible to implement a more accurate NLI.
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Pfeil, Jonathan W. "Algorithms and Resources for Scalable Natural Language Generation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1465469914.
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Westin, Emil. "Fine-grained sentiment analysis of product reviews in Swedish." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-424266.
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In this study we gather customer reviews from Prisjakt, a Swedish price comparison site, with the goal to study the relationship between review and rating, known as sentiment analysis. The purpose of the study is to evaluate three different supervised machine learning models on a fine-grained dependent variable representing the review rating. For classification, a binary and multinomial model is used with the one-versus-one strategy implemented in the Support Vector Machine, with a linear kernel, evaluated with F1, accuracy, precision and recall scores. We use Support Vector Regression by approximating the fine-grained variable as continuous, evaluated using MSE. Furthermore, three models are evaluated on a balanced and unbalanced dataset in order to investigate the effects of class imbalance. The results show that the SVR performs better on unbalanced fine-grained data, with the best fine-grained model reaching a MSE 4.12, compared to the balanced SVR (6.84). The binary SVM model reaches an accuracy of 86.37% and weighted F1 macro of 86.36% on the unbalanced data, while the balanced binary SVM model reaches approximately 80% for both measures. The multinomial model shows the worst performance due to the inability to handle class imbalance, despite the implementation of class weights. Furthermore, results from feature engineering shows that SVR benefits marginally from certain regex conversions, and tf-idf weighting shows better performance on the balanced sets compared to the unbalanced sets.
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Johnson, Earl E. "A Comparison and Contrast of the NAL-NL1 and NAL-NL2 Methods: Prescribed Frequency Response, Speech Intelligibility, and Loudness." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1752.
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Pockley, Simon Charles Nepean. "The flight of ducks research report." [Melbourne] : S. Pockley, 1998. http://purl.nla.gov.au/nla/pandora/FOD.
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"Submitted by Simon Charles Nepean Pockley ... as a partial requirement for Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Project 18th July, 1998". "WARNING culturally sensitive material". Available [on line] http://www.cinemedia.net/FOD/FOD0043.html Archived at ANL http://purl.nla.gov.au/nla/pandora/FOD http Text, graphics, sound and animation The Flight of ducks is a multi-purpose on-line work built around a collection of archival material from a camel expedition into the central Australian frontier in 1933. This journey was revisited in 1976 and retraced in 1996."- leaf 1.
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Cao, Haoliang. "Automating Question Generation Given the Correct Answer." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287460.
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In this thesis, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model for a question generation task. Given a Wikipedia article written in English and a segment of text appearing in the article, the model can generate a simple question whose answer is the given text segment. The model is based on an encoder-decoder architecture. Our experiments show that a model with a fine-tuned BERT encoder and a self-attention decoder give the best performance. We also propose an evaluation metric for the question generation task, which evaluates both syntactic correctness and relevance of the generated questions. According to our analysis on sampled data, the new metric is found to give better evaluation compared to other popular metrics for sequence to sequence tasks.I den här avhandlingen presenteras en djup neural nätverksmodell för en frågeställningsuppgift. Givet en Wikipediaartikel skriven på engelska och ett textsegment i artikeln kan modellen generera en enkel fråga vars svar är det givna textsegmentet. Modellen är baserad på en kodar-avkodararkitektur (encoderdecoder architecture). Våra experiment visar att en modell med en finjusterad BERT-kodare och en självuppmärksamhetsavkodare (self-attention decoder) ger bästa prestanda. Vi föreslår också en utvärderingsmetrik för frågeställningsuppgiften, som utvärderar både syntaktisk korrekthet och relevans för de genererade frågorna. Enligt vår analys av samplade data visar det sig att den nya metriken ger bättre utvärdering jämfört med andra populära metriker för utvärdering.
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Jan, Hansman. "Projektovanje izgradnje i testiranje 9``x 9`` NaI(Tl) spektrometra oblika jame." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94811&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Predmet istraživanja doktorske disertacije je konstruisanje,izgradnjai uvođenje u rutinski rad, kao i naučna istraživanja detektorskogsistema, kome će kao osnova poslužiti 9``x 9`` NaI(Tl) spektrometaroblika jame. Pomenuti detektorski sistem će zbog veličine aktivnezapremine kao i njenog specifičnog oblika (oblika jame) posedovatinajveću efikasnost detekcije u poređenju sa svim gamaspektrometrijskim sistemima trenutno u upotrebi u Laboratorijiza nuklearnu fiziku, Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta, Univerziteta uNovom Sadu i šire. Gamaspektroskopija je nedestruktivan metodkoji se može primeniti za određivanje niskih aktivnosti uzoraka bezprethodne hemijske pripreme i predstavlja zlatni standard uradioekološkim istraživanjima,kontroli životne sredine itd.Detektorski sistem velike efikasnosti koji je tokom izrade doktorata166 pušten u rad, omogućuje značnu redukciju vremena merenja kao isniženje minimalnih detektabilnih aktivnosti. Na ovaj način je Laboratorija za nuklearnu fiziku dobila detekcioni sistem pomoću kojeg je moguće vršiti analizu uzoraka niske aktivnosti u naučne svrhe kao i za rutinsku kontrolu uzoraka iz životne sredine.Za upotrebu 9``x 9`` NaI(Tl) spektrometra oblika jame u rutinskimmerenjima radiološke kontrole uzoraka niskih aktivnosti, izvršena jeneophodna adekvatna kalibracija efikasnosti detektorskog sistema ito na razne oblike matrica uzorakai na taj način su rezultati merenjanačinjeni uporedivim sa akreditovanim poluprovodničkim sistemimaLaboratorije za nuklearnu fiziku.Subject of doctoral dissertation research is the design, construction and implementation in routine work, as well as scientific research of detector system, as the basis on well-type 9``x 9`` NaI (Tl) spectrometer. The aforementioned detector system, due to the size of the active volume as well as its specific form (well) possess the highest detection efficiency compared with all gammaspectrometric systems currently in use at the Laboratory of Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad and beyond. Gammaspectroscopy is a non-destructive method that can be applied for the determination of low activity samples without chemical preparation and is the gold standard in radioecological studies, environmental control and so on.The detector systems high efficiency, which was during the preparation of doctoral dissertation put into operation, allows significant reduction in measurement time as well as lowering the minimum detectable activity. In this way, the Laboratory for Nuclear Physics get detection system which can be used for the analysis of samples of low activity for scientific purposes as well as for routine control of environmental samples.For use well type 9``x 9`` NaI (Tl) spectrometer in routine measurements of radiological samples of low activity, there was a need adequate calibration of the detector efficiency of the system with various forms of sample matrix thus the results of measurements made comparable with accredited semiconductor systems in Laboratory for Nuclear physics.
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Eisenberg, Joshua Daniel. "Automatic Extraction of Narrative Structure from Long Form Text." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3912.
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Automatic understanding of stories is a long-time goal of artificial intelligence and natural language processing research communities. Stories literally explain the human experience. Understanding our stories promotes the understanding of both individuals and groups of people; various cultures, societies, families, organizations, governments, and corporations, to name a few. People use stories to share information. Stories are told –by narrators– in linguistic bundles of words called narratives.
My work has given computers awareness of narrative structure. Specifically, where are the boundaries of a narrative in a text. This is the task of determining where a narrative begins and ends, a non-trivial task, because people rarely tell one story at a time. People don’t specifically announce when we are starting or stopping our stories: We interrupt each other. We tell stories within stories. Before my work, computers had no awareness of narrative boundaries, essentially where stories begin and end. My programs can extract narrative boundaries from novels and short stories with an F1 of 0.65.
Before this I worked on teaching computers to identify which paragraphs of text have story content, with an F1 of 0.75 (which is state of the art). Additionally, I have taught computers to identify the narrative point of view (POV; how the narrator identifies themselves) and diegesis (how involved in the story’s action is the narrator) with F1 of over 0.90 for both narrative characteristics. For the narrative POV, diegesis, and narrative level extractors I ran annotation studies, with high agreement, that allowed me to teach computational models to identify structural elements of narrative through supervised machine learning.
My work has given computers the ability to find where stories begin and end in raw text. This allows for further, automatic analysis, like extraction of plot, intent, event causality, and event coreference. These tasks are impossible when the computer can’t distinguish between which stories are told in what spans of text. There are two key contributions in my work: 1) my identification of features that accurately extract elements of narrative structure and 2) the gold-standard data and reports generated from running annotation studies on identifying narrative structure.
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Garrote, Ramos José Ignacio. "Habitando la escuela. Educación y transculturación en Rapa Nui 1914-1965." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130249.
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Antropólogo SocialEl presente documento consiste en una exposición de los resultados de un estudio cualitativo y etnohistórico concerniente al impacto sociocultural que tuvo la escuela de Rapa Nui entre el año de su instalación en 1914 y el año 1965, fecha en que el sistema social rapanui sufrirá una fuerte modificación producto de la entrada de la administración civil chilena. Como expondremos en los próximos capítulos, el acelerado cambio social y cultural experimentado por la comunidad rapanui en el siglo XX, se habría ocasionado por múltiples factores sociales, económicos, políticos y culturales. En virtud de lo anterior –y luego de una revisión extensa de la literatura disponible-, en la realización de nuestra memoria hemos buscado profundizar en el sistema educativo formal que se desarrolló en este intervalo, entendiéndolo como uno de los aspectos más influyentes en los procesos de cambio cultural que se produjeron en Rapa Nui durante el siglo precedente, y por ende, como un enclave necesario para comprender la cultura rapanui contemporánea
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Нікітін, О. М. "Інформаційна технологія проєктування рекомендаційної системи для наукометричної бази даних Scopus." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86867.
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В результаті роботи спроектовано та програмно реалізовано інформаційну технологію для аналізу фрагментів тексту на ключові слова та використання цієї інформації для підбору рекомендованих публікацій з наукометричної бази Scopus на основі цих ключових слів, яка, швидко працює при великій кількості інформації, проста в дизайні і зрозуміла для користувача. Система повністю адаптивна до усіх пристроїв та працює у всіх сучасних браузерах. Доступ мають тільки авторизовані користувачі.
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Scholl, Reinhold. "Griechen am Nil." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-148497.
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Antike Texte aus dem Wüstensand @ Digitales Handwerkszeug lautet das Thema des diesjährigen Alfried Krupp-Sommerkurses für antike Schriftkultur an der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, der vom 7. bis 13. September 2014 in den Räumen der Bibliotheca Albertina stattfindet und sich der Papyrologie widmet. Dabei sind Texte aus dem gyptischen Kulturraum nicht nur auf Papyrus, sondern auch auf (Ton-)Scherben, Pergament und Papier geschrieben. Der Sommerkurs beschäftigt mit literarischen, paraliterarischen und dokumentarischen Texten auf Griechisch und Latein. Griechisch war etwa tausend Jahre lang die Verwaltungssprache Ägyptens, und zwar von der Eroberung des Landes durch Alexander den Großen im Jahr 332 v. Chr. – und der Gründung der Stadt, die seinen Namen trägt, im Jahr 331 v. Chr. – bis zur Eroberung durch die Araber mit der Einnahme von Alexandria im Jahr 641 n. Chr.
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PIANIGIANI, MICHELE. "Nano Imprinting Lithography Ultrafast process and its chemical and physical effects on advanced plastic materials." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908135.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of this PhD was to understand the effects of the Pulsed Nanoimprint Lithography (Pulsed-NIL) technique on thermoplastic materials, by performing the imprinting process on a range of different materials and using different stamps and characterization techniques to assess how this process affects chemically and physically the plastic materials. This study has been conducted comparing the imprinting results by the standard Thermal Nano Imprint Lithography technique (standard T-NIL) and by the Pulsed Thermal NIL (Pulsed-NIL).
The study on the material was necessary because, even if both techniques heat up the material at a temperature higher than the glass temperature and, with the application of the pressure, there is a replica of the pattern from the stamp to the sample, the parameters (in particularly, time and temperature of imprint) are very different.
The standard technique has a large diffusion in the research and fabrication in micro and nanotechnology field. The Pulsed-NIL represents an innovation but it was important to demonstrate the capability to realize the imprint maintaining a quality of the structures same as the standard T-NIL and an absence or a limited existence of degradation of the materials due to the high temperature of the imprint.
At the ``Istituto Officina dei Materiali'' of CNR (IOM-CNR) laboratories at Elettra - Area Science Park (Basovizza, Trieste), January 2014, a first prototype (Thunder 1.0), for Pulsed- NIL of small areas (40*40mm2), based on the patent of ThunderNIL S.r.L., was operational and the second (ULISS), for the micro and nano imprint of bigger areas (4'' wafers), was nearing the end of design.
The early months of the PhD were used for the design and executive drawings process, and also completed the assembling process of the machine used for the experimental part.
The drawings are not in this thesis because they are not significant for the researching field.
To better understand the innovation introduced by ThunderNIL, it is important to have, at first, an overview of the standard process. In chapter 4 the technique is presented together with the intrinsic disadvantages.
Chapter 5 enters more in detail with the innovative technique.
Two chapters (6 and 7) are dedicated to the fabrication of the stamps for the imprint with both techniques. In particular the first is an introduction, whereas the second is a step by step logbook to better explain the processes involved, the work flow and time consuming behind the stamp.
At the end of that chapter also the main parameters of two examples of imprint (one for standard, the other for Pulsed-NIL) were presented.
The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the selected material and focuses on the quality of the imprint, in particular with the use of AFM (Chapter 8) that is here introduced.
Chapter 9 is completely dedicated to the comparison between the standard and Pulsed-NIL imprinted structures and chapter 10 is a discussion about the results which includes a conclusion summary.
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Wichern, Jürgen. "Entwicklung Donor-Akzeptor substituierter Chromophore für die nichtlineare Optik." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=958920605.
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Hornick, Emma E. L. "Contributions of NLRS to pathogenic and protective immune responses during influenza virus infection." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6139.
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Pattern recognition receptors, including members of the NBD and LLR-containing (NLR) family, are key sensors of infection and injury. Early sensing of pathogen invasion and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades is essential for controlling infection. However, signaling pathways activated upon pathogen recognition can also contribute to inflammation-mediated tissue damage. The studies detailed in Chapters 3 and 4 are primarily concerned with the roles of two NLR family members, Nlrp12 and Nlrc4, during influenza A virus (IAV) infection. While IAV itself is cytopathic, the immune response is responsible for a great deal of the tissue damage during infection in some contexts. NLR family members are involved in both pathogen sensing and modulation of pro-inflammatory signaling, thus they are perfectly situated to shift the balance between pathogen clearance and immunopathology.
Nlrp12 has been implicated in regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling through NFκB family members. In Chapter 3 we report that during IAV infection, we find no differences in those pathways, and instead we describe a novel role for Nlrp12 in regulating transcript stability. Previous work has shown that one of the key differences between lethal and sublethal IAV infections is the early and exaggerated recruitment of neutrophils. Previous studies in our laboratory had established a role for Nlrp12 in CXCL1-mediated neutrophil recruitment during respiratory bacterial infections. We therefore hypothesized that Nlrp12-/- mice would be protected from pathogenic neutrophil recruitment during lethal IAV infection due to decreased CXCL1 production. In Chapter 3 we show that indeed, Nlrp12-/- mice have improved survival, decreased pulmonary microvascular permeability, and decreased necrosis and hemorrhage in their airways compared to WT mice. Nlrp12-/- mice also have fewer neutrophils in their lungs, due to decreased production of CXCL1 by neutrophils, DCs and macrophages. Our data showing decreased Cxcl1 transcript stability in R848-treated Nlrp12-/- BMDCs strongly suggest that the reduction in CXCL1 production by DCs in the Nlrp12-/- lungs is a result of decreased Cxcl1 transcript stability.
Nlrc4 is a best known as a member of the Nlrc4 inflammasome, which is activated upon sensing of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. However, a recent study from our laboratory showed an inflammasome-independent role for Nlrc4 in supporting critical anti-tumor T cell responses. Given that T cells are also critical for successful resolution of IAV infection, we hypothesized that during IAV infection, Nlrc4-/- mice would have compromised IAV-specific T cell responses and therefore poorer survival. Indeed, our studies in Chapter 4 show that in IAV-infected Nlrc4-/- mice, the pulmonary IAV-specific CD4 T cell response is significantly diminished and mortality is significantly increased compared to WT mice. During IAV infection, the blunted CD4 T cell response is a result of increased death of the CD4 T cells, perhaps due to increased expression of FasL on CD11c+ cells in the Nlrc4-/- lung environment.
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Manishina, Elena. "Data-driven natural language generation using statistical machine translation and discriminative learning." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG0209/document.
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L'humanité a longtemps été passionnée par la création de machines intellectuelles qui peuvent librement intéragir avec nous dans notre langue. Tous les systèmes modernes qui communiquent directement avec l'utilisateur partagent une caractéristique commune: ils ont un système de dialogue à la base. Aujourd'hui pratiquement tous les composants d'un système de dialogue ont adopté des méthodes statistiques et les utilisent largement comme leurs modèles de base. Jusqu'à récemment la génération de langage naturel (GLN) utilisait pour la plupart des patrons/modèles codés manuellement, qui représentaient des phrases types mappées à des réalisations sémantiques particulières. C'était le cas jusqu'à ce que les approches statistiques aient envahi la communauté de recherche en systèmes de dialogue. Dans cette thèse, nous suivons cette ligne de recherche et présentons une nouvelle approche à la génération de la langue naturelle. Au cours de notre travail, nous nous concentrons sur deux aspects importants du développement des systèmes de génération: construire un générateur performant et diversifier sa production. Deux idées principales que nous défendons ici sont les suivantes: d'abord, la tâche de GLN peut être vue comme la traduction entre une langue naturelle et une représentation formelle de sens, et en second lieu, l'extension du corpus qui impliquait traditionnellement des paraphrases définies manuellement et des règles spécialisées peut être effectuée automatiquement en utilisant des méthodes automatiques d'extraction des synonymes et des paraphrases bien connues et largement utilisées. En ce qui concerne notre première idée, nous étudions la possibilité d'utiliser le cadre de la traduction automatique basé sur des modèles ngrams; nous explorons également le potentiel de l'apprentissage discriminant (notamment les champs aléatoires markoviens) appliqué à la GLN; nous construisons un système de génération qui permet l'inclusion et la combinaison des différents modèles et qui utilise un cadre de décodage efficace (automate à état fini). En ce qui concerne le second objectif, qui est l'extension du corpus, nous proposons d'élargir la taille du vocabulaire et le nombre de l'ensemble des structures syntaxiques disponibles via l'intégration des synonymes et des paraphrases. À notre connaissance, il n'y a pas eu de tentatives d'augmenter la taille du vocabulaire d'un système de GLN en incorporant les synonymes. À ce jour, la plupart d'études sur l'extension du corpus visent les paraphrases et recourent au crowdsourcing pour les obtenir, ce qui nécessite une validation supplémentaire effectuée par les développeurs du système. Nous montrons que l'extension du corpus au moyen d'extraction automatique de paraphrases et la validation automatique sont tout aussi efficaces, étant en même temps moins coûteux en termes de temps de développement et de ressources. Au cours d'expériences intermédiaires nos modèles ont montré une meilleure performance que celle obtenue par le modèle de référence basé sur les syntagmes et se sont révélés d'être plus robustes, pour le traitement des combinaisons inconnues de concepts, que le générateur à base des règles. L'évaluation humaine finale a prouvé que les modèles représent une alternative solide au générateur à base des règlesThe humanity has long been passionate about creating intellectual machines that can freely communicate with us in our language. Most modern systems communicating directly with the user share one common feature: they have a dialog system (DS) at their base. As of today almost all DS components embraced statistical methods and widely use them as their core models. Until recently Natural Language Generation (NLG) component of a dialog system used primarily hand-coded generation templates, which represented model phrases in a natural language mapped to a particular semantic content. Today data-driven models are making their way into the NLG domain. In this thesis, we follow along this new line of research and present several novel data-driven approaches to natural language generation. In our work we focus on two important aspects of NLG systems development: building an efficient generator and diversifying its output. Two key ideas that we defend here are the following: first, the task of NLG can be regarded as the translation between a natural language and a formal meaning representation, and therefore, can be performed using statistical machine translation techniques, and second, corpus extension and diversification which traditionally involved manual paraphrasing and rule crafting can be performed automatically using well-known and widely used synonym and paraphrase extraction methods. Concerning our first idea, we investigate the possibility of using NGRAM translation framework and explore the potential of discriminative learning, notably Conditional Random Fields (CRF) models, as applied to NLG; we build a generation pipeline which allows for inclusion and combination of different generation models (NGRAM and CRF) and which uses an efficient decoding framework (finite-state transducers' best path search). Regarding the second objective, namely corpus extension, we propose to enlarge the system's vocabulary and the set of available syntactic structures via integrating automatically obtained synonyms and paraphrases into the training corpus. To our knowledge, there have been no attempts to increase the size of the system vocabulary by incorporating synonyms. To date most studies on corpus extension focused on paraphrasing and resorted to crowd-sourcing in order to obtain paraphrases, which then required additional manual validation often performed by system developers. We prove that automatic corpus extension by means of paraphrase extraction and validation is just as effective as crowd-sourcing, being at the same time less costly in terms of development time and resources. During intermediate experiments our generation models showed a significantly better performance than the phrase-based baseline model and appeared to be more robust in handling unknown combinations of concepts than the current in-house rule-based generator. The final human evaluation confirmed that our data-driven NLG models is a viable alternative to rule-based generators
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Ksianzou, Viachaslau. "Second-order nonlinear optical interactions and cascading effects in thinorganic films." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4918/.
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The presented work describes new concepts of fast switching elements based on principles of photonics. The waveguides working in visible and infra-red ranges are put in a basis of these elements. And as materials for manufacturing of waveguides the transparent polymers, dopped by molecules of the dyes possessing second order nonlinear-optical properties are proposed.
The work shows how nonlinear-optical processes in such structures can be implemented by electro-optical and opto-optical control circuit signals.
In this paper we consider the complete cycle of fabrication of several types of integral photonic elements. The theoretical analysis of high-intensity beam propagation in media with second-order optical nonlinearity is performed. Quantitative estimations of necessary conditions of occurrence of the nonlinear-optical phenomena of the second order taking into account properties of used materials are made.
The paper describes the various stages of manufacture of the basic structure of the integrated photonics: a planar waveguide. Using the finite element method the structure of the electromagnetic field inside the waveguide in different modes was analysed.
A separate part of the work deals with the creation of composite organic materials with high optical nonlinearity. Using the methods of quantum chemistry, the dependence of nonlinear properties of dye molecules from its structure were investigated in details. In addition, the paper discusses various methods of inducing of an optical nonlinearity in dye-doping of polymer films. In the work, for the first time is proposed the use of spatial modulation of nonlinear properties of waveguide according Fibonacci law. This allows involving several different nonlinear optical processes simultaneously.
The final part of the work describes various designs of integrated optical modulators and switches constructed of organic nonlinear optical waveguides. A practical design of the optical modulator based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer made by a photolithography on polymer film is presented.Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt neue Konzepte für schnelle photonische Schaltelemente. Diese Elemente basieren auf optischer Wellenleitung im sichtbaren und nahen infraroten Spektralbereich. Die Arbeit ist auf organische Wellenleiter aus transparenten, farbstoffdotierten Polymeren fokussiert, welche Chromophore mit besonders großen optischen Nichtlinearitäten zweiter Ordnung enthalten. Insbesondere wird dargestellt, wie nichtlineare optische Prozesse in derartigen Bauelementen genutzt werden können, wenn man elektrische oder optische Steuersignale einsetzt. Es wird der gesamte Her-stellungszyklus verschiedener integrierter photonischer Bauelemente betrachtet. Die Arbeit umfasst weiterhin eine detaillierte theoretische Analyse der Wellenausbreitung in Medien mit großer nichtlinearer optischer Suszeptibilität zweiter Ordnung bei hoher Lichtintensität. Unter Annahme optischer Materialkonstanten, welche den experimentell ermittelten Werten entsprechen, erfolgte eine quantitative Abschätzung für das Auftreten von Szenarien, bei denen messbare Abwei-chungen der Strahlausbreitung vom linearen Regime auftreten, z:B. das Auftreten von zeitlichen, räumlichen und spektralen Satteliten zu den im Material propagierenden Laserpulsen. Es gelang, we-sentliche Aspekte der Strahlpropagationsprozesse durch Anwendung von Jacobi-Integralfunktionen in geschlossener mathematischer Form darzustellen. Darüber hinausgehende theoretische Untersuchungen nutzten die Finite-Elemente-Methode, um die Verteilung des elektromagnetischen Feldes im Inneren optischer Wellenleiter für verschiedene Pro-pagationsmoden zu analysieren. Ein weiterer Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit organischen Kompositmaterialen, welche große opti-sche Nichtlinearitäten aufweisen. Mittels quantenchemischer Verfahren erfolgte eine detaillierte Un-tersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen der molekularen Struktur und den linearen sowie den nichtlinearen optischen Eigenschaften der untersuchten Farbstoffmoleküle und Polymere. In Bezug auf die Probenpräparation sind unterschiedliche Verfahren zur Schichtbildung und zur molekularen Orientierung miteinander verglichen und bewertet worden, da letztere eine Voraussetzung für das Auftreten nichtlinearer optischer Prozesse zweiter Ordnung bildet. Die Untersuchungen erstreckten sich auf Vakuumaufdampfschichten aus niedermolekularen Chromophoren und auf Polymerschich-ten, welche durch Vakuumabscheidung sowie durch Spincoating oder andere Flüssigphasenabschei-dungsverfahren hergestellt worden sind. Auf orientierenden Substraten (z.B. geriebene Schichten aus Polytetrafluoräthylen) konnte eine spontane Orientierung der deponierten Chromophore nachgewie-sen werden. Die Chromophore in Polymerschichten wurden durch Coronapolung orientiert. In der Arbeit ist zum ersten Mal vorgeschlagen worden, eine räumliche Modulation der nichtlinearen optischen Eigenschaften durch gezielte lokale Coronapolung oder andere Orientierungstechniken derart zu generieren, dass die Abfolge gepolter Domänen dem Bildungsgesetz einer modifizierten Fibonacci-Reihe mit gebrochen rationalen Zahlen gehorcht. Der Vorteil von optischen Wellenleitern mit dieser Struktur darin, dass diese mehrere unterschiedli-che nichtlineare optische Prozesse gleichzeitig unterstützen und somit eine Vielzahl neuartiger Phä-nomene auftreten kann, welche man in neuartigen photonischen Bauelementen, z.B. für die optische Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik nutzen kann. Der letzte Teil der Arbeit beschreibt den Aufbau verschiedener integrierter optischer Modulatoren und Schalter, die sich mit Hilfe das neu entwickelten Verfahrens herstellen lassen. Zukünftige Entwicklungen in der Photonik, insbesondere der optischen Informations- und Kommuni-kationstechnik werden im abschließenden Teil der Arbeit diskutiert.
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NOZZA, DEBORA. "Deep Learning for Feature Representation in Natural Language Processing." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241185.
Full textAbstract:
La mole di dati generata dagli utenti sul Web è esponenzialmente cresciuta negli ultimi dieci anni, creando nuove e rilevanti opportunità per ogni tipo di dominio applicativo. Per risolvere i problemi derivanti dall’eccessiva quantità di dati, la ricerca nell’ambito dell’elaborazione del linguaggio naturale si è mossa verso lo sviluppo di modelli computazionali capaci di capirlo ed interpretarlo senza (o quasi) alcun intervento umano.
Recentemente, questo campo di studi è stato testimone di un incremento sia in termini di efficienza computazionale che di risultati, per merito dell’avvento di una nuova linea di ricerca nell’apprendimento automatico chiamata Deep Learning.
Questa tesi si focalizza in modo particolare su una specifica classe di modelli di Deep Learning atta ad apprendere rappresentazioni di alto livello, e conseguentemente più significative, dei dati di input in ambiente non supervisionato. Nelle tecniche di Deep Learning, queste rappresentazioni sono ottenute tramite multiple trasformazioni non lineari di complessità e astrazione crescente a partire dai dati di input. Questa fase, in cui vengono elaborate le sopracitate rappresentazioni, è un processo cruciale per l’elaborazione del linguaggio naturale in quanto include la procedura di trasformazione da simboli discreti (es. lettere) a una rappresentazione vettoriale che può essere facilmente trattata da un elaboratore. Inoltre, questa rappresentazione deve anche essere in grado di codificare la sintattica e la semantica espressa nel linguaggio utilizzato nei dati.
La prima direzione di ricerca di questa tesi mira ad evidenziare come i modelli di elaborazione del linguaggio naturale possano essere potenziati dalle rappresentazioni ottenute con metodi non supervisionati di Deep Learning al fine di conferire un senso agli ingenti contenuti generati dagli utenti.
Nello specifico, questa tesi si focalizza su diversi ambiti che sono considerati cruciali per capire di cosa il testo tratti (Named Entity Recognition and Linking) e qual è l’opinione che l’utente sta cercando di esprimere considerando la possibile presenza di ironia (Sentiment Analysis e Irony Detection). Per ognuno di questi ambiti, questa tesi propone modelli innovativi di elaborazione del linguaggio naturale potenziati dalla rappresentazione ottenuta tramite metodi di Deep Learning.
Come seconda direzione di ricerca, questa tesi ha approfondito lo sviluppo di un nuovo modello di Deep Learning per l’apprendimento di rappresentazioni significative del testo ulteriormente valorizzato considerando anche la struttura relazionale che sta alla base dei contenuti generati sul Web. Il processo di inferenza terrà quindi in considerazione sia il testo dei dati di input che la componente relazionale sottostante. La rappresentazione, dopo essere stata ottenuta, potrà quindi essere utilizzata da modelli di apprendimento automatico standard per poter eseguire svariate tipologie di analisi nell'ambito di elaborazione del linguaggio naturale.
Concludendo, gli studi sperimentali condotti in questa tesi hanno rilevato che l’utilizzo di rappresentazioni più significative ottenute con modelli di Deep Learning, associate agli innovativi modelli di elaborazione del linguaggio naturale proposti in questa tesi, porta ad un miglioramento dei risultati ottenuti e a migliori le abilità di generalizzazione. Ulteriori progressi sono stati anche evidenziati considerando modelli capaci di sfruttare, oltre che al testo, la componente relazionale.The huge amount of textual user-generated content on the Web has incredibly grown in the last decade, creating new relevant opportunities for different real-world applications and domains. To overcome the difficulties of dealing with this large volume of unstructured data, the research field of Natural Language Processing has provided efficient solutions developing computational models able to understand and interpret human natural language without any (or almost any) human intervention. This field has gained in further computational efficiency and performance from the advent of the recent machine learning research lines concerned with Deep Learning. In particular, this thesis focuses on a specific class of Deep Learning models devoted to learning high-level and meaningful representations of input data in unsupervised settings, by computing multiple non-linear transformations of increasing complexity and abstraction. Indeed, learning expressive representations from the data is a crucial step in Natural Language Processing, because it involves the transformation from discrete symbols (e.g. characters) to a machine-readable representation as real-valued vectors, which should encode semantic and syntactic meanings of the language units. The first research direction of this thesis is aimed at giving evidence that enhancing Natural Language Processing models with representations obtained by unsupervised Deep Learning models can significantly improve the computational abilities of making sense of large volume of user-generated text. In particular, this thesis addresses tasks that were considered crucial for understanding what the text is talking about, by extracting and disambiguating the named entities (Named Entity Recognition and Linking), and which opinion the user is expressing, dealing also with irony (Sentiment Analysis and Irony Detection). For each task, this thesis proposes a novel Natural Language Processing model enhanced by the data representation obtained by Deep Learning. As second research direction, this thesis investigates the development of a novel Deep Learning model for learning a meaningful textual representation taking into account the relational structure underlying user-generated content. The inferred representation comprises both textual and relational information. Once the data representation is obtained, it could be exploited by off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms in order to perform different Natural Language Processing tasks. As conclusion, the experimental investigations reveal that models able to incorporate high-level features, obtained by Deep Learning, show significant performance and improved generalization abilities. Further improvements can be also achieved by models able to take into account the relational information in addition to the textual content.
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Diurno, Gianmarco. "Superradianza nei buchi neri." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21927/.
Full textAbstract:
La superradianza è l'effetto dovuto all'aumento della radiazione riflessa rispetto alla radiazione incidente, una volta che la radiazione incidente viene deflessa su un sistema dissipativo. Tale fenomeno è stato studiato e continua ad essere studiato da più di 60 anni soprattutto nell'ambito della meccanica quantistica, ma anche nell'astrofisica e nella Relatività Generale. Il fenomeno è particolarmente interessante se il sistema dissipativo è un buco nero. In questo caso ricaveremo alcuni risultati di grande interesse per molti campi della fisica moderna. Infatti vedremo come il fenomeno è in realtà possibile solo in alcune regioni del buco nero e che in tali regioni è effettivamente possibile l'estrazione di energia dal buco nero stesso.
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Hallman, Josefin, and Emma Lisa Lindblad. "NKI - Förbättringsområden inom produktionen." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232729.
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NKI står för Nöjd Kund Index och är ett nyckeltal som beskriver hur nöjd en kund är med ett företags tjänster. Flertalet byggföretag väljer att genomföra NKI-undersökningar tillsammans med sina kunder för att på så sätt få relevant återkoppling på sina bostadsprojekt. Företagen får då ett värde som kan jämföras med värdet hos andra företag och strävar ständigt efter att optimera byggprocessen för att på så sätt nå ett högre NKI. Byggföretagen är verksamma på samma marknad och därmed konkurrerar företagen om samma kunder. För jämförbarhetens skull lägger företagen en stor vikt vid att ha ett högre NKI än sina konkurrenter. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa vilka aspekter i produktionsprocessen som påverkar NKI samt vad det enskilda företaget kan göra för att nå ett högre NKI. Till en början definieras sex olika faktorer som genererat ett sämre NKI-resultat på de NKI-undersökningar som analyserats. Påverkansfaktorerna ligger senare till grund för de intervjuer som genomförs med tjänstemän och yrkesarbetare för att utröna orsaker samt åtgärdsförslag till dem. Intervjuerna mynnar senare ut i ett antal förslag på förbättringsåtgärder som Peab Bostadsproduktion kan vidta för att skapa ett högre NKI. Till en början definieras sex faktorer som kunder anser ha inverkan på de svarsresultat som analyserats. Dessa sex faktorer ligger senare till grund för de intervjuer med tjänstemän och yrkesarbetare som genomförts där orsakerna till varje enskild faktor undersökts. Intervjuerna mynnar senare ut i en rad förslag på förbättringsåtgärder för den behandlade faktorerna. De sex definierade faktorer som diskuteras baseras på en sammanställning av svarsresultat utförda av det oberoende företaget Prognoscentret. Svarsresultaten har inhämtas från kunder till avslutade projekt i Stockholmsområdet under tidsrymden 2015 till mars 2018. Studien baseras på den första utav vanligtvis två NKI-undersökningar som genomförs under ett enskilt projekt. Detta för att tydligare koppla svarsreultaten till de aspekter som produktionen kan vara med att påverka. Resultatet vittnar om att faktorn ¨ej färdigställd vid tillträde¨ är den mest förekommande aspekten. Vidare bidrar även denna aspekt till en så kallad “åtgärdstid”, ett dröjsmål där väntan på att få de ej färdigställda punkterna åtgärdade. Detta är inte tillfredsställande för kunden samt att ett sådant dröjsmål har en negativ inverkan på NKI.CSI, Customer Satisfaction Index is an index that indicates the relative measure of satisfaction amongst customers, to what certain degree customers are satisfied with the services conducted by the construction company. In this way, the company can collect customer feedback and in a progressive way develop it’s services. The value given by the index is a measure that can be compared with the one of other building companies on the same market. This comparison enables companies to estimate their performance and their position on the market. Since these construction companies are competing for the same customers, it is a major advantage to present a higher CSI-score than the competition, leaving the companies with no other choice than to improve themselves. The underlying reason for this paper is to discuss what the production process can improve to reach a higher CSI-score. At a glance, there are six factors that the customers states have an impact on the CSI. These six factors are serving as a foundation when interviewing clerks and construction workers where an explanation to the factors can be given. In term, these interviews will result in a bundle of arrangements to improve the factors presented in this paper. These six factors are based on the summarized final result presented by the third part company Prognoscentret. The final results have been gathered from former customers who bought apartments in the Stockholm region between the time period of 2015 and march 2018. This study is based on only the first of the normally two CSI-surveys that are conducted since the first survey is more relevant to the production process. One conclusion after working with this study is that the factor “apartment not finished on given entry date” is the most common one of the six factors. This delay often leads to so called “repair time”, where the unfinished work is getting done. This is the primary reason for customers not being satisfied and this delay has an obvious negative impact on the CSI-score.
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Holzwarth, Simone. "Gandhi and Nai Talim." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17651.
Full textAbstract:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Ikone der indischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung, war überzeugt davon, dass eine neue soziale Ordnung für ein Indien frei von kolonialer Unterdrückung und basierend auf seinen Ideen von sarvodaya (Wohlstand für alle), swaraj (Selbstbestimmung) und wirtschaftlicher Unabhängigkeit nur mit einem radikalen Wandel im Bildungsbereich Realität werden konnte. Er kritisierte, dass Bildung vornehmlich auf die Bedürfnisse der städtischen Eliten, der Kolonialverwaltung und -wirtschaft ausgerichtet war und hatte die Vision einer ‚neuen‘ Bildung, später auch bekannt als Basic Education oder Nai Talim, basierend auf ruralem Handwerk und Landwirtschaft und damit fokussiert auf die ländliche Bevölkerung. Die vorliegende Dissertation rekonstruiert die Herausbildung von Gandhis Bildungsideen und verschiedene Versuche zu deren Institutionalisierung. Dabei kontextualisiert sie seine Sichtweisen vor dem Hintergrund der Debatten um diverse Vorstellungen einer neuen sozialen Ordnung in der indischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung, zeigt auf, wie seine Bildungsideen eng verknüpft waren mit seiner Kritik an der Kolonialherrschaft und nimmt seine Ideen vom Zusammenhang zwischen Bildung und sozialer Transformation in den Blick. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei Gandhis Vorstellungen von manueller Arbeit und welche Rolle er ihr im Bildungsprozess zudachte. Bei der Analyse seiner Ideen und Metaphern und seiner Vision von Nai Talim nimmt die Arbeit auch die diversen damit verbundenen Inspirationsquellen in den Blick und fokussiert auf die von ihm konstruierten symbolischen Bedeutungswelten und visuellen Elemente, die ein wichtiger Teil seiner Selbstrepräsentation und Massenmobilisierung waren und später auch ihren Niederschlag in Bildungsrealitäten fanden. Nicht zuletzt analysiert die Arbeit Institutionalisierungsprozesse, ihre Widersprüche, die Kritik an Gandhi’s Ideen und den Wandel von Gandhis ‚Pädagogik der manuellen Arbeit‘ hin zu einer ‚Pädagogisierung der manuellen Arbeit‘.Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the icon of the Indian independence movement, was convinced that a new social order for an India free from colonial subjugation and based on his ideas on sarvodaya (the welfare of all), swaraj (self-rule) and economic self-sufficiency could only become reality with a radical shift in education. He criticized the fact that, hitherto, education had been primarily targeted at the urban elites and the needs of the colonial government and economy and envisioned a ‘new’ education, later also known as Basic Education or Nai Talim, centred on rural crafts and agriculture and targeted especially at village populations. This dissertation traces the historical development of Gandhi’s educational ideas. It reconstructs his vision of Nai Talim primarily based on his own writings and reflections, contextualises it in ongoing debates in the independence movement on the future of India’s social order and analyses how his vision was embedded in his critique of British colonial rule and in the connection he made between education and social reconstruction. A focus thereby is also his understanding of manual labour in society and its relationship with the education process. Analysing key ideas and metaphors in his educational thought, the dissertation refers to his sources of inspiration, his use of symbolism and the visual in his self-presentation and mass mobilization and how elements of these symbolic worlds of meaning also became part of education programmes. Finally, it also deals with the diverse institutional developments based on Gandhi’s education ideas, their inherent contradictions, the criticism they generated and the shift from his ‘pedagogy of manual work’ to a ‘pedagogization of manual work’.
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Elbey, Mohamed. "Using data-driven resources for optimising rule-based syntactic analysis for modern standard Arabic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/using-datadriven-resources-for-optimising-rulebased-syntactic-analysis-for-modern-standard-arabic(5a1240d8-e08d-412c-ab48-857ca77fd426).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about optimising a rule based parser for Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). If ambiguity is a major problem in NLP systems, it is even worse in a language MSA due to the fact that written MSA omits short vowels and for other reasons that will be discussed in Chapter 1. By analysing the original rule based parser, it turned out that many parses were unnecessary due to many edges being produced and not used in the final analysis. The first part of this thesis is to investigate whether integrating a Part Of Speech (POS) tagger will help speeding up the parsing, or not. This is a well-known technique for Romance and Germanic languages, but its effectiveness has not been widely explored for MSA. The second part of the thesis is to use statistics and machine learning techniques and investigate its effects on the parser. This thesis is not about the accuracy of the parser. It is about finding ways to improve the speed. A new approach will be discussed, which was not explored in statistical parsing before. This approach is collecting statistics while parsing, and using these to learn strategies to be used during the parsing process. The learning process involves all the moves of the parsing (moves that lead to the final analysis, i.e good moves and moves that lead away from it, i.e. bad moves). The idea here is, not only we are learning from positive data, but also from negative data. The questions to be asked: • Why is this move good so that we can encourage itl • Why is this move bad so that we discourage it. In the final part of the thesis, both techniques were merged together: integrating a POS tagger and using the learning approach, and finding out the effect of this on the parser.
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Yin, Ye. "Dielectric Relaxation and Electrooptical Effects in Nematic Liquid Crystals." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1190843503.
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Knock, Nathaniel Oscar. "CHARACTERIZATION OF INCONEL 718: USING THE GLEEBLE AND VARESTRAINT TESTING METHODS TO DETERMINE THE WELDABILITY OF INCONEL 718." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/396.
Full textAbstract:
Nickel based superalloys were developed to withstand the severe thermal and mechanical environment associated with rocket propulsion systems and jet engines. In many alloy systems the strength of a component rapidly deteriorates as the operating temperature increases. Nickel based superalloys, however, retain strength over a range of temperatures which includes the operating range for many propulsion systems. This improved performance is accomplished by a combination of solid-solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening and grain-boundary strengthening. Furthermore, super-alloy systems are designed for ease of fabrication, to include machining, welding and heat treating. Inconel 718 was developed to overcome problems with post-weld cracking that were common in precipitation hardened nickel based superalloys strengthened by γ’. Inconel 718 is strengthened by γ’’ and is less sensitive to cracking during post-weld thermal treatment. However, in some cases, compositional changes which improved the behavior of these alloys during stress relief actually led to greater difficulty during the joining process.
Many approaches have been used to determine the hot-cracking sensitivity of Inconel 718. Historically, two approaches have been particularly valuable because of their repeatability, their ability to compare different alloy systems and their verisimilitude to actual fabrication. These are the Gleeble hot-ductility test and the Variable-Restraint (Varestraint) weld test. Varestraint samples were prepared as per standard preparation techniques and tested longitudinally with a GTAW. At a predetermined location a strain was applied perpendicular to weld direction. The applied strain varied from 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0%. The Inconel 718 yielded a maximum crack length of 0.6 mm with a saturation strain of 2.0%. Both the total crack length and the number of cracks did not have a saturation strain.
Gleeble samples were prepared from rod stock and tested with standard methodology to determine the characteristic temperatures: nil ductility, nil strength, and ductility recovery temperature of Inconel 718. The samples were tested at various pull temperatures on-heating until the nil strength temperature then tested on-cooling with the nil strength temperature acting as the peak temperature. The nil strength temperature was 2273°F, nil ductility temperature was 2182°F, and the ductility recovery temperature was 1925°F.
Both the Varestraint and Gleeble results were compared with relevant literature to determine the weldability of the Inconel 718. Four criteria were used to determine the weldability of Inconel 718 and in three of the four tests; the Inconel 718 had equal to or greater weldability than the compared materials. In the fourth test, the Inconel 718 demonstrated lower weldability than the compared alloy systems, however, Inconel 718 operates in different conditions specifically, the high temperature and pressure conditions mentioned above.
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Ballo, Mattia. "Recommender Systems: Integrazione dell’influenza nei social e della Community Similarity nei modelli di raccomandazioni." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17786/.
Full textAbstract:
Lo scopo di questa tesi è valutare i vari approcci utilizzati per costruire
un recommender system basato sui social network, analizzando i vari algo-
ritmi utilizzati, e valutandone le performance, comparandoli gli uni con gli
altri attraverso delle metriche definite. Successivamente verrà proposto un
indicatore per valutare la bontà di una community per l’applicazione di tali modelli.
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Dionisi, Alessio <1976>. "Ruolo dei glicosaminoglicani su struttura e funzione dei crimps nei tendini e nei legamenti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3421/1/Dionisi_Alessio_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The biomechanical roles of both tendons and ligaments are fulfilled by extracellular matrix of these tissues. In particular, tension is mainly transmitted and resisted by fibrous proteins (collagen, elastin), whereas compressive load is absorbed by water-soluble glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs spanning the interfibrillar spaces and interacting with fibrils also seem to play a part in transmitting and resisting tensile stresses. Apart from different functional roles and collagen array, tendons and ligaments share the same basic structure showing periodic undulations of collagen fibers or crimps. Each crimp is composed of many knots of each single fibril or fibrillar crimps. Fibrillar and fiber crimps act as shock absorbers during the initial elongation of both tendons and ligaments and assist the elastic recoil of fibrils and fibers when the tensile stress is removed. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate whether GAGs directly affect the 3D microstructural integrity of fibrillar crimp and fiber crimps in both tendons and ligaments. Achilles tendons and medial collateral ligaments of the knee from eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (90 days old) were digested with chondroitinase ABC to remove GAGs and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, isolated fibrils from these tissues obtained by mechanical homogenization were analyzed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Both samples digested with chondroitinase ABC or mechanically disrupted still showed crimps and fibrillar crimps comparable to tissues with a normal GAGs content. All fibrils in the fibrillar crimp region always twisted leftwards, thus changing their running plane, and then sharply bent, changing their course on a new plane. These data suggest that GAGs do not affect structural integrity or fibrillar crimps functions that seem mainly related to the local fibril leftward twisting and the alternating handedness of collagen from a molecular to a supramolecular level.
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Dionisi, Alessio <1976>. "Ruolo dei glicosaminoglicani su struttura e funzione dei crimps nei tendini e nei legamenti." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3421/.
Full textAbstract:
The biomechanical roles of both tendons and ligaments are fulfilled by extracellular matrix of these tissues. In particular, tension is mainly transmitted and resisted by fibrous proteins (collagen, elastin), whereas compressive load is absorbed by water-soluble glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs spanning the interfibrillar spaces and interacting with fibrils also seem to play a part in transmitting and resisting tensile stresses. Apart from different functional roles and collagen array, tendons and ligaments share the same basic structure showing periodic undulations of collagen fibers or crimps. Each crimp is composed of many knots of each single fibril or fibrillar crimps. Fibrillar and fiber crimps act as shock absorbers during the initial elongation of both tendons and ligaments and assist the elastic recoil of fibrils and fibers when the tensile stress is removed. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate whether GAGs directly affect the 3D microstructural integrity of fibrillar crimp and fiber crimps in both tendons and ligaments. Achilles tendons and medial collateral ligaments of the knee from eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (90 days old) were digested with chondroitinase ABC to remove GAGs and observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, isolated fibrils from these tissues obtained by mechanical homogenization were analyzed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Both samples digested with chondroitinase ABC or mechanically disrupted still showed crimps and fibrillar crimps comparable to tissues with a normal GAGs content. All fibrils in the fibrillar crimp region always twisted leftwards, thus changing their running plane, and then sharply bent, changing their course on a new plane. These data suggest that GAGs do not affect structural integrity or fibrillar crimps functions that seem mainly related to the local fibril leftward twisting and the alternating handedness of collagen from a molecular to a supramolecular level.
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MENEGHIN, ERICA. "Valori storici e culturali nei processi di patrimonializzazione e nei progetti di conoscenza territoriale." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2969097.
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Banchelli, Claudia. "L'informazione sindacale nei quotidiani italiani." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20613/.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi è un’indagine sulla presenza nei quotidiani italiani dell’informazione sindacale. Il corpus giornalistico analizzato è composto dagli articoli che citano il sindacato pubblicati sul Corriere della Sera, La Repubblica ed Il Sole 24 Ore nel periodo dal 21 novembre 2019 al 21 dicembre 2019.
Il primo capitolo descrive brevemente l’ascesa e il declino del movimento sindacale italiano negli ultimi decenni e le caratteristiche del linguaggio sindacale degli anni ottanta, anni in
cui è stato coniato il termine “sindacalese”.
Il secondo capitolo si occupa dell’informazione ai tempi del web, in particolare del concetto di notiziabilità di una notizia e del percorso che compie la notizia prima di arrivare alla
pubblicazione in una testata giornalistica.
Il terzo capitolo descrive i criteri con i quali è stato creato il piccolo corpus di riferimento, la presenza dell’informazione sindacale nelle tre testate prescelte e il confronto e l’analisi
delle diverse testate. L’analisi riguarda inoltre la riconoscibilità del linguaggio sindacale all’interno dell’informazione giornalistica.
In conclusione, si sono esposti i risultati di questa analisi, osservando le analogie e le differenze nel modo in cui le tre testate scelte trattano l’informazione sindacale.
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Mezzogori, Federica. "La matematica nei parchi divertimento." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19508/.
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Questa tesi parte dai progetti didattici di matematica presenti all’interno del parco Mirabilandia: Katun, Eurowheel e Colazione da papere. Ogni progetto viene introdotto da una breve presentazione dell’attrazione, si passa poi ad una modellizzazione di quest’ultima per introdurre le curve che sono poi prese in esame e analizzate successivamente da un punto di vista puramente matematico, si conclude infine con una breve presentazione di come questo progetto viene proposto agli studenti e delle macchine matematiche mostrate.
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Mengesha, Wondwosen. "NaI(T1) electron energy resolution." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15963.
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Mattioli, Giulia. "Reazioni termonucleari nei nuclei stellari." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24275/.
Full textAbstract:
In questo lavoro di tesi si descrivono le principali reazioni termonucleari che sono il principale meccanismo di produzione energetica nei nuclei stellari.
La trattazione è stata effettuata seguendo un approccio interdisciplinare, evidenziando il collegamento tra aspetti di meccanica quantistica, fisica nucleare e astrofisica. L'obiettivo della tesi è fornire un quadro completo e organico dell'argomento e legare le catene di bruciamenti termonucleari alle diverse fasi dell'evoluzione stellare.
Nel primo capitolo si è effettuata una trattazione fisica e matematica per poter definire il tasso di reazione termonucleare e il tasso di produzione energetica, quantità fondamentali per lo studio dei fenomeni di produzione energetica all'interno delle stelle. Nel secondo capitolo si è voluto entrare nel dettaglio del meccanismo delle reazioni termonucleari, analizzando le principali catene coinvolte nel bruciamento dell'idrogeno e dell'elio (PP chain, ciclo CNO, reazione 3-alfa) e fornendone anche un bilancio energetico. Nel terzo capitolo si sono inserite le nozioni precedentemente date nel contesto astrofisico: come tali reazioni nucleari possano influenzare il percorso evolutivo di una stella, in base alla sua massa e composizione chimica.
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Freeman, Udegchri Omogchene, and Edafedgeme Efe Charreson. "An outstanding anatomist N.I. Pirogov." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41247.
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Halvars, Ramona. "Fastighetsbranschens användande av NKI-undersökningar." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22218.
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SYFTE: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur fastighetsföretagen använder sig av NKI-undersökningar samt hur processen ser ut från analys till implementering av resultaten i verksamheten.TEORI: För att läsaren ska få en förståelse för bakgrunden till användandet av NKI-undersökningar behandlas, förutom strukturen på NKI, i teorin även sambandet mellan kvalitetsförbättringar, kundnöjdhet och lönsamhet. SLUTSATS: Främsta anledningen till att fastighetsföretagen använder sig av NKI-undersökningar är för att erhålla hyresgästers åsikter om företagets åtagande. Undersökningen ligger sedan som grund inför förbättringsarbeten i verksamheten som syftar till att hålla eventuella vakanser nere. Fastighetsföretagen som medverkat i undersökningen har insett vikten av NKI som verktyg och ingen ser några problem kring implementeringen av förändringarna.
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BARDELLI, ELISABETTA. "L'autonomia negoziale nei contratti d'impresa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/401878.
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This work relates to private autonomy in business contracts. The thesis is developed in two parts. The first part deals with the category of business contracts. It considers the special law of business contracts and analyses the characterizations of enterprise bargaining; it concludes by considering the business contracts as an autonomous category. The second part deals with relations between private autonomy and market regulation. It looks at private autonomy from a historical perspective and analyzes the various private autonomy limits introduced by the recent rules governing corporate contracts. The work concludes with the configuration of a new trend and with the analysis of the impact this may have in the traditional theory of contract and autonomy negotiations.
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Cocco, Silvia. "La Bibbia nei primi trovatori." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368873.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi idaga la presenza di riferimenti biblici all'interno dei testi di due fra i più antichi, e importanti, poeti occitani: Guglielmo IX e Jaufre Rudel. Alcuni testi del primo – Ben vueill que sapchon li pluzor, Companho, tant ai agutz d’avols conres e Companho, farai un vers … covinen – hanno rivelato una tale densità di allusioni bibliche, utilizzate per lo più in chiave polemica e dissacrante, da richiedere analisi minuziose e approfondite. Nel caso di Jaufre Rudel la presenza di espressioni e temi biblici, o più generalmente religiosi, era già stata messa in luce da diversi interpreti; ma un più accurato esame del suo breve e compatto canzoniere ha portato a scoprire altri riferimenti, a correggerne alcuni già proposti, a proporre alla luce di queste indagini nuove interpretazioni di passi oscuri o controversi. I capitoli dedicati a questi due trovatori sono preceduti da un’introduzione nella quale è discusso un problema di grande rilevanza metodologica: quello che riguarda i testi, i canali e le mediazioni attraverso i quali era conosciuta la Bibbia nel medioevo, in particolare nel Sud della Francia.
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Cocco, Silvia. "La Bibbia nei primi trovatori." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1836/1/La_bibbia_nei_primi_trovatori_-_Silvia_Cocco_-_PhD_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi idaga la presenza di riferimenti biblici all'interno dei testi di due fra i più antichi, e importanti, poeti occitani: Guglielmo IX e Jaufre Rudel. Alcuni testi del primo – Ben vueill que sapchon li pluzor, Companho, tant ai agutz d’avols conres e Companho, farai un vers … covinen – hanno rivelato una tale densità di allusioni bibliche, utilizzate per lo più in chiave polemica e dissacrante, da richiedere analisi minuziose e approfondite. Nel caso di Jaufre Rudel la presenza di espressioni e temi biblici, o più generalmente religiosi, era già stata messa in luce da diversi interpreti; ma un più accurato esame del suo breve e compatto canzoniere ha portato a scoprire altri riferimenti, a correggerne alcuni già proposti, a proporre alla luce di queste indagini nuove interpretazioni di passi oscuri o controversi. I capitoli dedicati a questi due trovatori sono preceduti da un’introduzione nella quale è discusso un problema di grande rilevanza metodologica: quello che riguarda i testi, i canali e le mediazioni attraverso i quali era conosciuta la Bibbia nel medioevo, in particolare nel Sud della Francia.
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Tomaelo, Marta <1987>. "Il precariato nei Servizi sociali." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5001.
Full textAbstract:
QUESTA TESI TRATTA DEL PRECARIATO NEI SERVIZI SOCIALI. DAPPRIMA SONO STATE ANALIZZATE LE ATTUALI TENDENZE DEL MERCATO DEL LAVORO; POI VIENE AFFRONTATA LA TEMATICA DEL PRECARIATO E LE IMPLICAZIONI CHE QUESTO PRODUCE NEI SERVIZI SOCIALI. SI E' PROCEDUTO CON UN'ANALISI DELLE CONSEGUENZE SULLA VITA E SULLA SALUTE DEGLI OPERATORI CHE CONVIVONO CON QUESTA SITUAZIONE. INFINE E' STATA EFFETTUATA UN'INDAGINE ESPLORATIVA AD ASSISTENTI SOCIALI PRECARI.
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Guza, Morisa <1992>. "L'Influenza della Turchia nei Balcani." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10104.
Full textAbstract:
Il legame tra la Turchia e i Balcani nel corso dei secoli comprende un lungo cammino di storia che ha segnato il loro destini. Così come la penisola balcanica costituiva il cuore della dinastia Ottomana, oggi questa regione rappresenta una delle priorità principali nell’agenda della politica estera turca. Questo ritorno della Turchia nei Balcani risale tra gli anni Ottanta e Novanta, periodo in cui la maggior parte dei paesi Balcanici si troveranno immersi in una situazione drammatica a seguito della disgregazione della ex Jugoslavia. Questa tesi esamina il recente attivismo della Turchia nei confronti della regione e in particolare dei Balcani occidentali a partire dal post-guerra fredda e fino a trovare la sua piena realizzazione durante l’era Erdoğan-Davutoğlu, segnando una svolta nella politica estera turca. Tuttavia, l’influenza della Turchia nella regione non è confinata al contesto politico, ma è imperniato su prospettive diverse che includono il campo economico, culturale, educativo nonché storico e religioso, attraverso cui il soft power turco promuove l’immagine e la popolarità del paese. Inoltre, tenendo in considerazione il cammino verso le porte dell’Europa il quale costituisce un obiettivo comune alle due parti, risulterà costruttivo esaminare le relazioni turco-balcaniche alla luce del processo di allargamento europeo. Nel tentativo di tracciare possibili scenari futuri, questo elaborato cercherà di analizzare se tale politica estera proattiva ed assertiva della Turchia nei Balcani costituisce una presenza complementare insieme a quella dell’Unione Europea o piuttosto rappresenta una potenziale fonte di tensione tra Ankara e Bruxelles.
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Costi, Andrea <1995>. "La Bancassicurazione nei rami danni." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16927.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente elaborato analizza la situazione attuale e le prospettive future della Bancassicurazione nei rami danni in Italia.
La parte introduttiva fornisce una visione d'insieme del fenomeno bancassicurativo, indicando punti di forza e limiti della collaborazione tra banca ed impresa di assicurazione e i vari modelli di integrazione.
Nel capitolo successivo vengono forniti i dati del mercato assicurativo italiano, concentrandosi principalmente sui rami danni e sul livello di sviluppo della Bancassicurazione in questi rami, attraverso un confronto con le altre maggiori economie europee. Il mercato assicurativo italiano è caratterizzato da una sotto-assicurazione nel ramo danni rispetto agli altri maggiori stati europei e questo divario da colmare offre possibilità di sviluppo alla Bancassicurazione.
In seguito, si analizzano le opinioni di vari autori riguardo le opportunità di crescita future, focalizzando l'attenzione sui fattori chiave su cui banche ed imprese di assicurazione dovranno agire per far crescere la quota di mercato della Bancassicurazione.
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PELIZZON, LUCREZIA. "Componenti interpretative nei processi inferenziali." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/333148.
Full textAbstract:
The systematic study of human reasoning began with the classical philosophers starting with Plato, but especially with Aristotle, the Megarics and the Stoics. Their interests were primarily normative, but by laying the foundations of the logical system, they believed that, at the same time, they would also understand the way human thought works. Since the full consistency of logic with human deductive reasoning had always been upheld, for the early psychologists the ultimate goal of their work was to identify the common criteria of inferential processes, because they were convinced that this would guarantee their correct performance in any field of application. After Frege's and Russell's revolution in logicism, which banished any link between mathematical logic and natural thought, a gap became increasingly clear between the scholars of formal logic and the psychologists of reasoning, until, in 1966, Peter Cathcart Wason published the results of an experiment that shattered a certainty that had accompanied Western thought since the dawn of its philosophy. This experiment, known as the "Selection Task" (Wason, 1966), which has become one of the most important tests on deductive reasoning, marked the birth of a specific field of cognitive science, dedicated to the study of inferential processes, which is called "psychology of reasoning". This study will present a synthesis of the most significant moments of its birth and development, together with an overview of the cognitive theories on inferential processes for which the "Selection Task" has been a point of reference. Thus, the personalities, discoveries and critical aspects that make this discipline what it has become today will be brought together in a single philological narrative. This will be followed by the presentation of Keith Stenning and Michiel Van Lambalgen's research programme, which differs from other proposals in the psychology of reasoning because it focuses on the investigation of the interpretive processes involved in deductive processes and proposes a methodology, rather than a new theory, to obtain new standards of empirical analysis from the formal apparatus that contemporary logic has made available. Finally, the results of an experimental test in which various versions of the "Selection Task" were manipulated will be reported, in order to test the experimental results obtained by the authors and to verify the possibility of alleviating in the participants further interpretative difficulties identified by the authors.
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TURETTA, ALESSIA. "L'AUTONOMIA PRIVATA NEI IURA PRAEDIORUM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/804623.
Full textAbstract:
La presente ricerca, articolata in tre capitoli, è volta ad analizzare il ruolo che l’autonomia privata ricoprì nell’ambito dei iura praediorum, sia sotto il profilo contenutistico, che sotto quello dinamico dell’usus servitutis.
Il primo capitolo esamina il contributo dell’autonomia privata nell’emersione dei primi iura praediorum rusticorum, individuabili in via, iter, actus e aquae ductus, i quali si atteggiavano originariamente a potere dominicale che il titolare del fondo avvantaggiato esercitava su una determinata porzione del fondo vicino. L’origine separata delle prime servitù rustiche ne determinò un’iniziale tipicità. Le singole facoltà proprie della via ne furono estrapolate nella prassi, per divenire figure autonome. Il successivo intervento giurisprudenziale fu fondamentale per fornire ad iter ed actus un’idonea veste giuridica, mediante la formulazione della nozione di ius in re aliena.
Il secondo capitolo è dedicato allo studio del ruolo svolto dai privati nell’emersione della categoria della servitus. Con la genesi dei iura praediorum urbanorum e l’introduzione di nuove servitù rustiche inizia a profilarsi una categoria unitaria con propri caratteri peculiari. Anche in questo contesto si riscontra il ruolo preminente della prassi negoziale, affiancata dall’elaborazione concettuale della giurisprudenza, particolarmente vivace in epoca tardo-repubblicana.
Al tema dell’usus servitutis è dedicato il terzo capitolo. Per quanto attiene alle servitù più antiche, l’utilizzo prolungato del passaggio o della conduttura d’acqua consentiva il consolidamento di una situazione di fatto in una realtà riconosciuta dal diritto. Tale usus della servitù fu oggetto anche di una specifica tutela interdittale. Quanto al modus, si esclude che potesse avere una funzione correttiva della tipicità dei iura praediorum: esso, attienente unicamente all’esercizio del diritto, non incideva sul contenuto delle singole servitù e non ne modificava l’utilitas.
Si ritiene, in conclusione, che i privati restassero liberi di riversare nel modello delineato dalla giurisprudenza le utilità che le nuove esigenze socio-economiche richiedevano, nel rispetto dei caratteri delineati dalla giurisprudenza. Si può, pertanto, notare una distinzione tra servitù nominate, ampiamente analizzate dalla giurisprudenza, e servitù innominate, emerse dalla vivacità della prassi negoziale.The aim of this research is to analyse the role of private autonomy in iura praediorum, both for their content and for the dynamic profile of usus servitutis. The first chapter examines the contribution of private autonomy to the emergence of the first iura praediorum rusticorum, such as via, iter, actus, aquae ductus: these were originally structured as a dominical power, that the owner whose estate has an advantage over the neighbouring estate. The separate origins of the first rural servitude led to their earliest typology. The individual permits of via were derived from via in private practice, in order to become independent figures. The subsequent intervention of jurisprudence was crucial in order to offer both iter and actus a suitable legal form through the development of the concept of ius in re aliena. The second chapter investigates the role of the private citizens in conceiving servitus category. The genesis of iura praediorum urbanorum and the introduction of new rural servitudes led to the emergence of a homogeneous category, which was characterized by its own individual features. In this context too, the sources reveal the preeminent role of negotiating practices, followed by conceptual processing by jurists, especially in the late Republican period. The third chapter is entirely dedicated to the diverse implications of usus servitutis. As far as the most ancient rural servitudes are concerned, the extensive use of a path or a water pipe permitted the consolidation of a factual situation, which then turned into a legal reality. This particular usus of the rural servitude was protected by interdicta. As for modus servitutis, it is unlikely that it would have had a corrective typological function of iura praediorum: it only concerned the exercise of the right of servitude and had no influence whatever on the content of rural servitude, considering that it did not alter their utilitas. In conclusion, it has been estimated that private citizens could transfer every kind of need the socio-economic conditions imposed in the model designed by the jurisprudence, so long as the characteristics of the servitus category were complied with. Thus, a distinction between nominatae and innominatae servitutes is conceivable: the former were well known by both practice and jurisprudence, whereas the latter were revealed by active private practice.
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Fanchette, Sylvie. "Le delta du Nil : densités de population et urbanisation des campagnes." Paris 8, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA080720.
Full textAbstract:
Le delta du nil supporte des densites de population parmi les plus elevees au monde. Pour qu'il soit habitable par l'homme, d'enormes travaux hydrauliques ont ete necessaires afin d'apprivoiser ce milieu naturel hostile (inondation annuelle, irregularite des crues, divagation des branches du fleuve et alluvionnement des canaux). Seul un pouvoir fort et centralise pouvait mobiliser la population pour entreprendre de tels amenagements. Les differents dirigeants de l'egypte ont permis a des populations de plus en plus nombreuses de cultiver intensivement la terre du delta. Si, au debut du siecle, les densites demographiques avaient atteint un seuil qui paraissait infranchissable, depuis les annees 40, la population n'en double pas moins tous les 30 ans| actuellemenht, les densites atteignent 1. 000 habitants en moyenne au kilometre carre et elles depassent meme 1. 500 habitants au kilometre carre dans le sud du delta rural. C'est la concentration de la population en de grosses bourgades et la proximite des grandes villes qui ont favorise la croissance demographique et le developpement economique des campagnes surpeuplees. L'exode rural n'est plus la seule reponse a la pression demographique : de nouvelles strategies villageoises sont apparues (migrations pendulaire et a l'etranger, pluri-activite. . . )The nile delta has one of the highest population densities in the world. In order to make it habitable, enormous work was necessary in a hostile environment, including annual floods, varying river levles, changeable waterways as well as silting of canals. Only a strong centralised power could rally the population to undertake such work. Several egyptian leaders made it possible for more and more intensive cultivation of delta lands. If, at the beginning of the century, population density has reached incredible proportions, since the 1940's the population has been doubling every thirty years. At the moment, population density stands at 1,000 per km2, and it is over 1,500 per km2 in the rural south of the delta. Population concentration in important villages and the proximity of big cities has encouraged demographic growth and economic development in the over-populated countryside. Rural exodus is non longer the only response to demographic pressures : new villagebases strategies have sprung up, such as commuting, emigration to riche oil-countries and pluri-activity