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Asmara, Anjar Purba. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INVESTIGATING OF COMPOUND GROUP CONTAINED IN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MAHAGONY (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) SEEDS RELATED TO Α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION." Jurnal Natural 18, no. 2 (June 6, 2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v18i2.9236.
Full textAbstract:
A preliminary study to determine the group of compound contained in the ethanolic extract of mahagony (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) seeds and its inhibitory activity to a-glucosidase enzyme has been done. The information from this study will be used in the further investigation about the specific constituents related to the bioactivity. The seed was grounded and then extracted with ethanol by maceration technique. The crude extract was separated with liquid-liquid extraction by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as the solvents. The best eluent for isolation, chloroform:ethanol (1:1), was determined by thin layer chromatography while alumina as stationary phase. The isolation step with column chromatography gave two types of isolates, yellow and colorless isolate. In order to get information about the compound, the crude extract was subjected to phytochemical assignment and the isolate with the better activity was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The inhibitory activity for the yellow isolate with IC50 as 19.345 ppm was better than the colorless isolate. Therefore, the IR spectroscopy assay was subjected to the yellow isolate. Based on the comparison IR spectra with literatures, it has suggested that the yellow isolate contains tetranortriterpenoid or limonoid group.Keywords: Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq., diabetes type 2, a-glucosidase, tetranortriterpenoidREFERENCE World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. http://www.who.int. Accessed on 18 July 2017.Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Situasi dan analisis diabetes. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kemenkes RI.Dutta, M., Raychaudhuri, U., Chakroborty, R., and Maji, D. 2011. Role of diet and plants on diabetic patients - a critical appraisal. Science and Culture. 77 (3–4).Eid, A.M.M., Elmarzugi, N.A., and El-Enshasy, H.A. 2013. A Review on the phytopharmacological effect of Swietenia macrophylla, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 5 (3): 47-53.Bera, T.K., Chatterjee, K., Jana, K., Ali, K.M., De, D., Maiti, M., and Ghosh, D. 2012. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effect of hydro-methanolic (2:3) extract of the seed of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rat: an approach through pancreas. Genomic Medicine, Biomarkers, and Health Sciences. 4: 107-117.Li, D.D, Chen, J.H, Chen, Q, Li, G.W, Chen, J, and Yue, J.M. 2005. Swietenia mahagony extract shows agonistic activity to PPAR-γ and gives ameliorative effects on diabetic db/db mice. Acta Pharmacol Sinica. 26 (2): 220-222.Sathish, R., Natarajan, K., and Selvakumar, S. 2010. Antidiabetic activity of Swietenia mahagoni seed powder in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2(4): 296-299.Wresdiyati, T., Sa’diah, S., and Winarto, A., Febriyani, V. 2015. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and hypoglycemic activities of Sweitenia mahagoni seed extract. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences. 22 (2): 73-78.Sukardiman, Riza, N.F., Rakhmawati, Studiawan, H., Mulja, H.S., and Rahman, A. 2013. Hypoglycemic activity of 96% ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees. and Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. combination, E-Journal Planta Husada,. 1.Masitha, M. 2011. Skrining aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dan penapisan fitokimia dari beberapa tanaman obat yang digunakan sebagai antidiabetes di indonesia. Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Aliyan, A.H. 2012. Uji penghambatan aktivitas alfa-glukosidase dan identifikasi golongan senyawa kimia dari fraksi aktif ekstrak biji mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King). Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Ibrahim, M.A., Koorbanally, N.A., and Islam, M.S. 2014. Antioxidative activity and inhibition of key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (a-glucosidase and a-amylase) by Khaya senegalensis. Acta Pharm. 64: 311–324.Harborne, J. B. 1984. Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. New York: Chapman and Hall.Kadota, S., Marpaung, L., Tohru, K., and Ekimoto, H. 1990. Constituents of the seeds of Switenia mahagoni JACQ. I. isolation, structures, and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance signal assignments of new tetranorterpenoids related to swietenine and swietenolide. Che. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 639–651.Rahman, A. K. M. S., Chowdhury, A. K. A., Ali, H.A., Raihan, S.Z, Ali, M.S., Nahar, L., and Sarker, S.D. 2009. Antibacterial activity of two limonoids from Swietenia mahagoni against multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. J Nat Med. 63: 41–45.Yadav, L.D.S. 2005. Organic spectroscopy. Allahabad: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Dewanjee, S., Maiti, A., Das, A.K., Mandal, S.C., and Dey, S.P. 2009. Swietenine: a potential oral hypoglycemic from swietenia macrophylla seed. Fitoterapia. 80: 249–251.Maiti, A., Dewanjee, S., and Sahu, R. 2009. Isolation of hypoglycemic phytoconstituent from Swietenia macrophylla Seeds, Phytother. Res. 23: 1731–1733.Marliana, S.D., Suryanti, V., and Suyono. 2005. Skrining fitokimia dan analisis kromatografi lapis tipis komponen kimia buah labu siam (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam ekstrak etanol, Biofarmasi. 3 (1): 26-31.Nurhayati, Siadi, K., and Harjono. 2012. Pengaruh konsentrasi natrium benzoat dan lama penyimpanan pada kadar fenolat total pasta tomat, Indo. J. Chem. Sci. Vol. 1 (2): 158-163.Siadi, K. 2012. Ekstrak bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) sebagai biopestisida yang efektif dengan penambahan larutan NaCl. Jurnal MIPA. 35 (1): 80-81.Klein, D.R. 2012. Organic chemistry. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S. 2001. Introduction to spectroscopy. London: Thomson Learning.Minaeva, V.A., Minaev, B.F., Baryshnikov, G.V., Romeyko, O.M., and Pittelkow, M. 2013. The FTIR spectra of substituted tetraoxa[8]circulenes and their assignments based on DFT calculations, Vibrational Spectroscopy. 65: 147–158.Mootoo, B.S., Ali, A, Motilal, R, Pingal, R, Ramlal, A, Khan, A, Reynolds, W.F, and McLean, S. 1999. Limonoids from Swietenia macrophylla and S. aubrevilleana. J. Nat. Prod. 62: 1514-1517.Lin, B.D., Yuan, T., Zhang, C.R., Dong, L., Zhang, B., Wu, Y., and Yue, J.M. 2009. Structurally diverse limonoids from the fruits of Swietenia mahagoni. J. Nat. Prod. 72: 2084–2090.Cheng, Y.B., Chien, Y.T., Lee, J.C., Tseng, C.K., Wang, H.C., Lo, W., Wu, Y.H., Wang, S.Y., Wu, Y.C., and Chang, F.R. 2014. Limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla with inhibitory activity against dengue virus 2. J. Nat. Prod. dx.doi.org/10.1021/np5002829.Zhang, W.M., Liu, J.Q., Deng, Y.Y., Xia, J.J., Zhang, R.N., Li, Z.R., and Qiu, M.H. 2014. Diterpenoids and limonoids from the leaves and twigs of Swietenia mahagoni. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. 4:53–57.Ma, Y.Q., Jiang, K., Deng, Y., Guo, L., Wan, Y.Q., and Tan, C.H. 2017. Mexicanolide-type limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla, Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, DOI: 10.1080/1028-6020.2017.1335715.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.Tan, Q.G., and Luo, X.D. 2011. Meliaceous limonoids: chemistry and biological activities. Chem. Rev., 111, 7437–7522.Fang, X., Di, Y. T, and Hao, X. J. 2011. The advances in the limonoid chemistry of the Meliaceae family. Current Organic Chemistry. 15: 1363-1391.Taylor, D. A. H. The chemistry of the limonoids from meliaceae. https://link.spri-nger.com/book-series/126. Accessed on 21 July 2017.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.
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Putra, Upang Septa, and Muhsinatun Siasah Masruri. "THE EFFECTIVENESS COMPARISON BETWEEN INQUIRY AND PROBLEM BASED LEARNING TOWARDS GEOGRAPHY LEARNING OUTCOMES." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i2.10849.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the differences of learning outcomes between students that were performed using inquiry and student who were applied using problem based learning in classes of X SMA 2 Plakat Tinggi. This study also purposes to examine the effectiveness comparison between problem based learning and inquiry method. The research engages quantitative research with quasi-experimental type. Subject selection conducts match design. The population of this study were students of class X IPS in SMA 2 Plakat Tinggi which composed of three classes. The sample selection in this study engaged purposive sampling, hereby X IPS 3 was elected as experimental group 1 (Problem based learning) and class X IPS 1 as the experimental group 2 (Inquiry) class. Data collection technique performed in this study was learning outcomes in the form of written test. Data analysis technique was engaging independent sample t-test, which was followed by N increased and effect size extent. The findings are differences of learning outcomes improvement between students who studied utilizing inquiry method and students who were taught using problem based learning method. Problem based learning is more effective than inquiry in promoting Geography learning outcomes. This is indicated through calculation result upon effect size extent, where students who were taught using problem based learning method obtain a value of 4.185, larger compared to those who were treated using inquiry method which obtain a value of 3.462.
Keywords: Inquiry, problem based learning, Geography
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Simansky, Vladimir, Jan Horak, Martin Juriga, and Dusan Srank. "Soil structure and soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates under different application rates of biochar." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/2/11090.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of biochar and biochar combined with N-fertilizer on the content of soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates were investigated. A field experiment was conducted with different biochar application rates: B0 control (0 t ha-1), B10 (10 t ha-1) and B20 (20 t ha-1) and 0 (no N), 1st and 2nd levels of nitrogen fertilization on silt loam Haplic Luvisol (Dolna Malanta, Slovakia), in 2014. The N doses of level 1 were calculated on required average crop production using balance method. Level 2 included additional 100% of N in year 2014 and additional 50% of N in year 2016. The effects were investigated during the growing seasons of spring barley and spring wheat in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Results indicate that the B20N2 treatment significantly increased the proportion of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) and reduced water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi). Aggregate stability increased only in the B20N1 treatment. The B20N2 treatment showed a robust decrease by 27% in the WSAma of 0.5-0.25 mm. On the other hand, an increase by 56% was observed in the content of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm compared to the B0N0 treatment. The effect of N fertilizer on WSAma was confirmed only in the case of the B10N2 treatment. The proportion of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm decreased by 42%, while the size fraction of 0.5-0.25 mm increased by 30% compared to the B10N0 treatment. The content of WSAma with fractions 1-0.5 mm decreased with time. On the contrary, the content of WSAma with particle sizes above 5 mm increased with time in all treatments except the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments. A statistically significant trend was identified in the proportion of WSA in the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments, which indicates that biochar with higher application levels of N fertilizer stabilizes the proportion of water-stable aggregates. In all treatments, the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile carbon (CL) in WSAmi was lower than those in WSAma. A considerable decrease of SOC in the WSAma >5 mm and an increase of SOC in WSAmi were observed when biochar was applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. Contents of SOC in WSAmi increased as a result of adding biochar combined with N fertilizer at first level. CL in WSA significantly increased in all size fractions of WSA.References Abiven S., Hund A., Martinsen V., Cornelissen G., 2015. Biochar amendment increases maize root surface areas and branching: a shovelomics study in Zambia. Plant Soil, 342, 1-11. Agegnehu G., Bass A.M., Nelson P.N., and Bird M.I., 2016. Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar–compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil. Sci. Tot. Environ., 543, 295-306. Angers D.A., Samson N., Legere A., 1993. 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Thanh, Thai Doan, Nguyen Tuan Anh, Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Hoang Minh Dong, Nguyen Xuan Hao, Dinh Xuan Khoa, and Nguyen Huy Bang. "Subluminal and superluminal light pulse propagation under external magnetic field in a vee-type three-level atomic medium." Photonics Letters of Poland 13, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v13i1.1076.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we investigate subluminal and superluminal light propagation in a vee-type three-level atomic medium under an external magnetic field. The dispersion and absorption behaviors are studied for the cases of absence and presence of a magnetic field. It is found that under an electromagnetically induced transparency condition, the light pulse can be switched between subluminal and superluminal propagation by ON-OFF switching of the magnetic field. Finally, the transient response of the medium is discussed, which shows that the considered scheme has potential applications in magneto-optic switching devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesBoller K J, Imamoglu A, Harris S E, "Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2593. CrossRef Fleischhauer M, Imamoglu A, Marangos J P, "Electromagnetically induced transparency: Optics in coherent media", Rev. Mod. Phys. 77 (2005) 633. CrossRef L.V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton, C.H. Bejroozi, "Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas", Nature, 397 (1999) 594. CrossRef Z. Dutton, N.G.C. Slowe, L.V. Hau, "The art of taming light: ultra-slow and stopped light", Europhysics News, 35 (2004) 33. CrossRef V. Bharti, V. Natarajan, "Sub- and super-luminal light propagation using a Rydberg state", Opt. Commun. 392 (2017) 180-184. CrossRef Khoa D X, Doai L V, Son D H and Bang N H, "Enhancement of self-Kerr nonlinearity via electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-level cascade system: an analytical approach", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 31 (2014) 1330. CrossRef Hamedi H R, Gharamaleki A H, and Sahrai M, "Colossal Kerr nonlinearity based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-level double-ladder atomic system", Appl. Opt 22 (2016) 5892. CrossRef A. Fountoulakis, A.F. Terzis, E. Paspalakis, "All-optical modulation based on electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Lett. A 374, (2010) 3354. CrossRef Khoa D X, Doai L V, Mai Anh L. N, Trung L. C, Thuan P. V, Dung N. T, and Bang N. H, J. "Optical bistability in a five-level cascade EIT medium: an analytical approach", Opt. Soc. Am. B, 33 (2016) 735. CrossRef Hoang Minh Dong, and Nguyen Huy Bang, "Controllable optical switching in a closed-loop three-level lambda system", Phy. Scr. 94, (2019) 115510. CrossRef Dong H M, Doai L V, Sau V N, Khoa D X and Bang N H, "Propagation of a laser pulse in a three-level cascade atomic medium under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency", Photonics Letter of Poland, 3 (2016) 73. CrossRef Khoa D X, Dong H M, Doai L V and Bang N H, "Propagation of laser pulse in a three-level cascade inhomogeneously broadened medium under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions", Optik 131 (2017) 497. CrossRef H. M. Dong, L.V. Doai, and N.H. Bang, "Pulse propagation in an atomic medium under spontaneously generated coherence, incoherent pumping, and relative laser phase", Opt. Commun. 426 (2018) 553-557. CrossRef Jiahua Li, Rong Yu, Liugang Si, and Xiaoxue Yang, "Propagation of twin light pulses under magneto-optical switching operations in a four-level inverted-Y atomic medium", J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 (2010) 065502. CrossRef S. H. Asadpour, H. R. Soleimani, "Polarization dependence of optical bistability in the presence of external magnetic field", Opt. Commun 310 (2014) 120-124. CrossRef H.M. Dong, L.T.Y. Nga, and N.H. Bang, "Optical switching and bistability in a degenerated two-level atomic medium under an external magnetic field", App. Opt. 58, (2019) 4192. CrossRef H. M. Dong, L. T. Y. Nga, D. X. Khoa, N. H. Bang, "Controllable ultraslow optical solitons in a degenerated two-level atomic medium under EIT assisted by a magnetic field", Sci. Rep. 10 (2020) 15298. CrossRef Daniel A. Steck, "Rubidium 87D Line Data," http://steck.us/alkalidata. CrossRef
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Endrika, Sujarwo, and Said Suhil Achmad. "Relationship between Socio-Economic Status, Interpersonal Communication, and School Climate with Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.14.
Full textAbstract:
Parental Involvement in their children's schooling has long been recognized as a critical component of good education. This study aims to find out the relationship between socioeconomic status, interpersonal communication, and school climate with parental involvement in early childhood education. Using survey and correlational research design, data collection was carried out through accumulation techniques with tests and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used statistical analysis and multiple regressions. The findings in the socio-economic context of parents show that the measure of power is an indicator in the very high category with a total score of 5, while the measures of wealth, honour and knowledge are included in the high category with a total score of 4 in relation to parental involvement. The form of interpersonal communication, the openness of parents in responding happily to information / news received from schools about children is a finding of a significant relationship with parental involvement in early childhood education. The school climate describes the responsibility for their respective duties and roles, work support provided, and interpersonal communication relationships, parents at home and teachers at school.
Keywords: Socio-economic Status, Interpersonal Communication, Climate School, Parental Involvement, Early Childhood Education
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Kabir, Ahmedul, and Md Robed Amin. "Menetriers Disease." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 25, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v25i1.25078.
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Baer, Constance, Wolfgang Kern, Torsten Haferlach, and Claudia Haferlach. "The Evolution of Genetic Aberrations in CML Patients Harboring a Ph-Negative Clone: A 6-Year Follow-up Study of 52 Patients." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-112061.
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Abstract Background: Clonal chromosome aberrations in Philadelphia chromosome-negative metaphases (CCA/Ph-) occur in a subset of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. A shorter survival was reported for "non -Y" CCA/Ph- cases (Issa et al. Blood 2017). Besides -Y, the most frequent CCA/Ph- is +8, but a broad spectrum of other abnormalities can be found, including 7q-/-7, which is a typical aberration of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In previous analyses we had shown an increased number of molecular genetic aberrations in CCA/Ph- compared to non-CCA/Ph- patients (Schnittger et al. ASH 2013, 2014). However, the clinical impact and the evolution of the mutation pattern is largely unknown. Here we extended follow-up and genetic characterization of the initial CCA/Ph- cohort. Aim: To determine the pattern of molecular mutations and their evolution To determine if mutations are part of the Ph+ or Ph- clone Patients and Methods: We included 52 CCA/Ph- patients (female: 25; male 27), with a median age of 58 [33-81] years, and a median BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratio of 4.322% [0-58.088%] (N.A. for 4 pts.) at the time of initial CCA/Ph- detection. The following CCA/Ph- were present: trisomy 8 (n=26), other trisomies (n=4), -Y (n=7), del(7q)/-7 (n=4), others (n=7), two CCA/Ph- (n=4). We performed sequencing of myeloid gene panels on follow-up samples (1 to 3 per patient) on Illumina's MiSeq and NextSeq instruments (library preparation: 29-gene panel Thunderstorm RainDance [Lexington, MA] or 28-gene panel TruSeq [Illumina, San Diego, CA]). Data was analyzed with SeqNext (JSI Medical Systems, Kippenheim, Germany). Detected mutations were monitored on additional time points to determine variant allele frequency (VAF: mutated/all reads) development. A reference cohort of 47 patients with no sign of CCA/Ph- after MMR achievement was presented as part of our initial study (Schnittger et al. ASH 2014). Results: Cytogenetic monitoring was available over a median period of 31 [0-126] months for the CCA/Ph- and 26 [12-85] months for the reference cohort. Of the CCA/Ph- patients, 5/52 (10%) acquired additional typical aberrations as CCA/Ph- clone (incl. one -7), while in the reference cohort only one of 47 (2%) patients developed a -Y clone (n.s.). On the molecular level, we conducted a median follow-up of 72 [9-150] months for the CCA/Ph- cohort (mutations and BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratio). Following the CCA/Ph- detection, somatic mutations were found in 30/52 (58%) patients (up to 4 per patient): ASXL1 (n=13), DNMT3A (n=10), TET2 (n=6), NRAS (n=3), RUNX1 (n=3), non-recurrent (n=8). The VAF of 7 mutations was strongly correlated to the BCR-ABL1 ratio and thus most likely present in the Ph+ clone. Mutations in ASXL1 were present in the Ph+ clone in five patients, of whom four never reached MMR, while 6/8 patients with ASXL1 mutations in Ph-independent clones achieved MMR under first- or second-line TKI therapy. Molecular genetic aberrations in Ph- cells were found in 23/52 (42%) CCA/Ph- patients, but only in 2 of 47 (4%) cases of the non-CCA/Ph- cohort (p<0.001). Importantly, in the reference cohort only TET2 and DNMT3A mutations were identified, which is the typical pattern in age related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH) and also found in older individuals without a hematological malignancy. In the CCA/Ph- cohort, eight of 23 (35%) showed only TET2 or DNMT3A mutations. However, a highly predictive mutation signature for development of a myeloid malignancy (according to Malcovati et al. Blood 2017) was found in 8/23 (35%). In addition, of three NRAS positive CCA/Ph- cases, one was diagnosed with MDS/MPN overlap (also CALR positive) and two developed s-AML during the follow-up period and the NRAS VAF had increased to ≥35% at our last monitoring time point. Conclusions: ASXL1 mutations can occur in the Ph- as well as in the Ph+ clone and are associated with a poor TKI response, if present in the Ph+ clone. Molecular mutations are significantly more frequent in CCA/Ph- than in non-CCA/Ph-. While the mutation pattern in non-CCA/Ph- resembles ARCH, the spectrum in CCA/Ph- includes a higher risk pattern for development of a myeloid malignancy. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate the clinical impact of mutations acquired during the course of CML in order to determine which mutation pattern is related to a higher incidence of secondary myeloid malignancies. Disclosures Baer: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Kern:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Зайберт, Виктор Федорович, and Алан Оутрам. "АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ БОТАЙСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ." Kazakhstan Archeology, no. 1-2 (December 27, 2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52967/akz2018.1-2.1-2.59.68.
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В статье кратко изложены основные результаты и перспективные направления изучения ботайской культуры коллективом Международной комплексной казахстанско-британской археологической экспедиции. Особое внимание в статье уделено освещению большой работы, проведенной западными учеными под руководством Алана Оутрама на поселении Ботай по анализу археозоологических, химико-физических и биологических источников из культурного слоя памятника.
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16. Outram A.K. Animal Domestications // Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers. Cumming V., Jordan P., Zvelebil M. (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. P. 749-763.
17. Outram A.K. Pastoralism // The Cambridge World History, Vol. II: A World with Agriculture, 12,000 BCE – 500 CE. Barker G., Goucher C. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P. 161-185.
18. Seetah K., Cucchi T., Dobney K., Barker G. A geometric morphometric re-evaluation of the use of dental form to explore population differences in horses (Equus caballus) and its potential zooarchaeological application // JAS. 2014. 41. P. 904-910.
19. Stear N.A. Changing patterns of animal exploitation in the prehistoric Eurasian steppe: an integrated molecular, stable isotope and archaeological approach. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Bristol, 2008.
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Brighenti, Alexandre Magno, Leonardo Henrique Ferreira Calsavara, and Yago Vieira Guerra Varotto. "Preemergence herbicides on weed control in elephant grass pasture." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 41, no. 1 (February 2017): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017411024516.
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ABSTRACT Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is an important forage crop that has been proposed as a potential feedstock for bioenergy production. However, weed interference is a major factor limiting elephant grass production. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to evaluate preemergence herbicides for selective weed control in an elephant grass pasture. Herbicide treatments included atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, diuron + hexazinone, sulfentrazone, imazethapyr, and atrazine at label use rates. Weedy and weed-free treatments were included. Atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, and atrazine did not cause phytotoxicity on elephantgrass 35 days after treatment (DAT). However, diuron + hexazinone and imazethapyr were the most phytotoxic on elephantgrass, resulting in 81 and 70% phytotoxicity in 2014, and 7 and 6% phytotoxicity in 2015 respectively 35 DAT. All treatments provided effective weed control (>81%) with the exception of ethoxysulfuron (0 and 11% in 2014 and 2015, respectively), and atrazine (59% in 2014). These results show that atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, and atrazine were selectives when applied in preemergence in elephant grass pasture.
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Anderson, Evan J., John P. DeVincenzo, Eric A. F. Simões, Leonard R. Krilov, Michael L. Forbes, Pia S. Pannaraj, Claudia M. Espinosa, et al. "SENTINEL1: Two-Season Study of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations among U.S. Infants Born at 29 to 35 Weeks' Gestational Age Not Receiving Immunoprophylaxis." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 04 (April 16, 2019): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1681014.
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Objective The SENTINEL1 observational study characterized confirmed respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations (RSVH) among U.S. preterm infants born at 29 to 35 weeks' gestational age (wGA) not receiving respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis (IP) during the 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016 RSV seasons. Study Design All laboratory-confirmed RSVH at participating sites during the 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016 RSV seasons (October 1–April 30) lasting ≥24 hours among preterm infants 29 to 35 wGA and aged <12 months who did not receive RSV IP within 35 days before onset of symptoms were identified and characterized. Results Results were similar across the two seasons. Among infants with community-acquired RSVH (N = 1,378), 45% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 19% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). There were two deaths. Infants aged <6 months accounted for 78% of RSVH observed, 84% of ICU admissions, and 91% requiring IMV. Among infants who were discharged from their birth hospitalization during the RSV season, 82% of RSVH occurred within 60 days of birth hospitalization discharge. Conclusion Among U.S. preterm infants 29 to 35 wGA not receiving RSV IP, RSVH are often severe with almost one-half requiring ICU admission and about one in five needing IMV.
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Roemmich, Dean, John Gilson, Philip Sutton, and Nathalie Zilberman. "Multidecadal Change of the South Pacific Gyre Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 6 (June 2016): 1871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0237.1.
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AbstractMultidecadal trends in ocean heat and freshwater content are well documented, but much less evidence exists of long-term changes in ocean circulation. Previously, a 12-yr increase, 1993 to 2004, in the circulation of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre interior was described. That analysis was based on differences between early Argo and 1990s hydrographic data and changes in sea surface height. Here, it is shown that the trend of increasing circulation continues through 2014, with some differences within the Argo decade (2005 to 2014). Patterns that indicate or are consistent with increasing equatorward transport in the eastern portion of the South Pacific Gyre are seen in Argo temperature and steric height, Argo trajectory velocity, altimetric sea surface height, sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, and wind stress. Between 2005 and 2014 the geostrophic circulation across 35°S, from 160°W to South America, was enhanced by 5 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of added northward flow. This was countered by a southward transport anomaly between the date line and 160°W. Corresponding temperature trends span the full 2000-m depth range of Argo observations. The 22-yr trend, 1993 to 2014, in sea surface height at 35°S, 160°W is 8 cm decade−1. Trends in sea surface temperature over 34 yr, 1981 to 2014, show a similar spatial pattern to that of sea surface height, with an increase of 0.5°C decade−1 at 35°S, 160°W. These multidecadal trends support the interpretation of the 40°S maximum in global ocean heat gain as resulting from anomalous wind forcing and Ekman convergence.
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Minh, Pham Thi, Bui Thi Tuyet, Tran Thi Thu Thao, and Le Thi Thu Hang. "Application of ensemble Kalman filter in WRF model to forecast rainfall on monsoon onset period in South Vietnam." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, no. 4 (September 18, 2018): 367–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/4/13134.
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This paper presents some results of rainfall forecast in the monsoon onset period in South Vietnam, with the use of ensemble Kalman filter to assimilate observation data into the initial field of the model. The study of rainfall forecasts are experimented at the time of Southern monsoon outbreaks for 3 years (2005, 2008 and 2009), corresponding to 18 cases. In each case, there are five trials, including satellite wind data assimilation, upper-air sounding data assimilation, mixed data (satellite wind+upper-air sounding data) assimilation and two controlled trials (one single predictive test and one multi-physical ensemble prediction), which is equivalent to 85 forecasts for one trial. Based on the statistical evaluation of 36 samples (18 meteorological stations and 18 trials), the results show that Kalman filter assimilates satellite wind data to forecast well rainfall at 48 hours and 72 hours ranges. With 24 hour forecasting period, upper-air sounding data assimilation and mixed data assimilation experiments predicted better rainfall than non-assimilation tests. The results of the assessment based on the phase prediction indicators also show that the ensemble Kalman filter assimilating satellite wind data and mixed data sets improve the rain forecasting capability of the model at 48 hours and 72 hour ranges, while the upper-air sounding data assimilation test produces satisfactory results at the 72 hour forecast range, and the multi-physical ensemble test predicted good rainfall at 24 hour and 48 hour forecasts. The results of this research initially lead to a new research approach, Kalman Filter Application that assimilates the existing observation data into input data of the model that can improve the quality of rainfall forecast in Southern Vietnam and overall country in general.References Bui Minh Tuan, Nguyen Minh Truong, 2013. 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Calvo-Asensio, Irene, Jaime Prohens, and Carmina Gisbert. "Vigor forIn VitroCulture Traits inS. melongena × S. aethiopicumHybrids with Potential as Rootstocks for Eggplant." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/702071.
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Hybrids ofSolanum melongenaandS. aethiopicumare of interest as rootstocks of eggplant, as they are highly vigorous and can incorporate resistance to several diseases. However, hybridization between both species is difficult. Therefore, protocols forin vitroculture are of great interest for their micropropagation and biotechnological breeding. We assessed the organogenesis response from leaf explants in four interspecific hybrids and in their parents testing two organogenic media: SIM-A, containing 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin, and SIM-B, which contains thidiazuron. A higher regeneration capacity in the hybrids compared to their parents was observed. Whereas in interspecific hybrids and in one accession ofS. melongenasimilar regeneration rates were observed for SIM-A and SIM-B, higher regeneration was found in the rest of genotypes when thidiazuron was used. Rooting ability in the interspecific hybrids was lower inin vitromicropropagated plants (35–60%) than in plants regenerated from explants (100%). The addition of indolbutiric acid (1 mg L−1) induced roots in nonrooted genotypes. In summary, we have adjustedin vitroculture conditions for regenerating and rootingS. melongena×S. aethiopicumhybrids. We have also demonstrated that these hybrids are heterotic for regeneration, which may be of interest for basic science studies.
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Trovato, G., M. Sperandeo, and D. Catalano. "Letter to the Editor: Mostbeck G. Elastography Everywhere – Now Even the Lungs! Ultraschall in Med. 2014; 35: 5 – 8." Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 35, no. 04 (August 2014): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1366523.
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Parras-Alcántara, L., and B. Lozano-García. "Conventional tillage vs. organic farming in relation to soil organic carbon stock in olive groves in Mediterranean rangelands (Southern Spain)." Solid Earth Discussions 6, no. 1 (January 8, 2014): 35–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-6-35-2014.
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Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is a soil variable subject to changes. In agricultural soils, the management system is a key factor that influence to these changes. For determine the management system effects on SOC stocks (SOC-S) in olive groves, 114 soil profiles were studied in the Los Pedroches Valley (Mediterranean rangelands – southern Spain) for long-term (20 yr). The management practices were conventional tillage (CT) and organic farming (OF) in four soil types: Cambisols (CM), Regosols (RG), Luvisols (LV) and Leptosols (LP). Soil properties were statistically analyzed by management techniques, soil types and horizons. The principal components analyses identified four factors that explained 65% of the variance. Also, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between soil types and management techniques. Equally was observed that the management system affected to SOC-S. In addition, the total SOC-S for 20 yr increased in OF with respect to CT by 72% and 66% in CM and LV respectively. The SOC showed significant differences for horizons (p < 0.05) in relation to the management types. The stratification ratio index of SOC was >2 in all studied soils. These results indicate high soils quality, and that management practices affect to SOC store in the Los Pedroches Valley.
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Hirschler, Mario. "Training mit Krebspatienten als Hochschulweiterbildung – ein Erfahrungsbericht." Onkologische Welt 09, no. 03 (June 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666950.
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Die Deutsche Hochschule für Prävention und Gesundheitsmanagement (DHfPG) in Saarbrücken bietet eine Hochschulweiterbildung „Lebensstilintervention und Krebs” an, mit einem Praktikum im Nationalen Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT) Heidelberg. Ein Erfahrungsbericht eines Trainers aus der ersten Stunde soll seine Sicht den bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Bestrebungen gegenüberstellen: Mario Hirschler (Master Gesundheitsmanagement) betreibt seit 35 Jahren in Rheinstetten bei Karlsruhe ein Personal-Fitness-Trainings Studio für Frauen. 2014 absolvierte er an der DHfPG als einer der ersten Trainer überhaupt die genannte Hochschulweiterbildung.
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Juanicó, Luis, and Nicolás Di Lalla. "The Vertical-Tube Solar Collector: A Low-Cost Design Suitable for Temperate High-Latitude Locations." Journal of Solar Energy 2014 (July 3, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/807989.
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A new low-cost solar collector based on thick (4.5′′) vertical tubes related to the previous design based on long 1.5′′ plastic hoses connected directly between water-grid supply and consumption is presented. This novel design could noticeably improve its performance for temperate locations mid and high latitudes, as was demonstrated by dynamic thermal modeling. This tool has been useful for understanding the particular characteristics of this kind of water-pond collector and besides, for noticeably improving its performance by optimizing its parameters, like tube diameter and number of glazing layers. By this way, the optimized design could fully satisfy the household demand up to midnight along the whole year for Buenos Aires (35°S) and during summers (remaining as a useful preheater for the whole year) for Ushuaia (55°S). Besides, its high simplicity makes it available for user’s own construction, costing down 50 dollars for a single-family unit.
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Soltani, Nader, Robert E. Nurse, Christy Shropshire, and Peter H. Sikkema. "Weed Control in White Bean with Various Halosulfuron Tankmixes." Advances in Agriculture 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/391634.
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Four field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2011–2013) in southwestern Ontario to evaluate the level of weed control provided by various halosulfuron tankmixes applied preplant incorporated (PPI) in white bean. Trifluralin, s-metolachlor, halosulfuron, and imazethapyr applied alone or in combination caused 4% or less visible injury 1 and 4 weeks after emergence (WAE) in white bean. Trifluralin, s-metolachlor, halosulfuron, and imazethapyr applied PPI provided 80–96%, 84–95%, 83–100%, and 75–92% control of redroot pigweed; 19–28%, 30–40%, 97–99%, and 73–84% control of common ragweed; 94–96%, 63–82%, 96–100%, and 96–100% control of common lambsquarters; 14-15%, 12–35%, 100%, and 96–97% control of wild mustard; and 96–97%, 95–97%, 53–56%, and 80–82% control of green foxtail, respectively. The two- and three-way tankmixes of halosulfuron with trifluralin, s-metolachlor, or imazethapyr provided 85–100% control of redroot pigweed, 90–98% control of common ragweed, 97–100% control of common lambsquarters, 100% control of wild mustard, and 93–98% control of green foxtail. Weed density, weed biomass and white bean seed yields reflected the level of visible weed control.
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Razak, Norazizah Abd, and M. Niyaz Khan. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Nanoparticles-Catalyzed Piperidinolysis of Anionic Phenyl Salicylate." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/604139.
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The values of the relative counterion (X) binding constantRXBr(=KX/KBr, whereKXandKBrrepresent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTABr, micellar binding constants ofXv-(in non-spherical micelles),v=1,2, and Br−(in spherical micelles)) are 58, 68, 127, and 125 forXv−=1−, 12−, 2−, and22-, respectively. The values of 15 mM CTABr/[NavX] nanoparticles-catalyzed apparent second-order rate constants for piperidinolysis of ionized phenyl salicylate at 35°C are 0.417, 0.488, 0.926, and 0.891 M−1 s−1forNavX= Na1, Na21, Na2, and Na22, respectively. Almost entire catalytic effect of nanoparticles catalyst is due to the ability of nonreactive counterions,Xv-, to expel reactive counterions,3−, from nanoparticles to the bulk water phase.
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Xu, Xiaomei, Rui Wang, Juan Chao, Yu′e Lin, Qingmin Jin, Xiaoming He, Shaobo Luo, and Tingquan Wu. "The expression patterns of Cucumis sativus WRKY (CsWRKY) family under the condition of inoculation with Phytophthora melonis in disease resistant and susceptible cucumber cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 6 (November 2015): 1121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-403.
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Xu, X., Wang, R., Chao, J., Lin, Y., Jin, Q., He, X., Luo, S. and Wu, T. 2015. The expression patterns of Cucumis sativus WRKY (CsWRKY) family under the condition of inoculation with Phytophthora melonis in disease resistant and susceptible cucumber cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1121–1131. Based on RNA-seq, we analyzed expression patterns of 55 CsWRKYs in the disease-resistant cultivar (JSH) and the disease-susceptible cucumber cultivar (B80) at 0 and 40 h post-inoculation with Phytophthora melonis. After inoculation with P. melonis, in JSH and B80, the number of up-regulated CsWRKY genes was both 25 with 22 commonly up-regulated genes, and there were 22 CsWRKY genes down-regulated in JSH and 23 in B80 with 18 commonly down-regulated genes, and there were eight CsWRKY genes with no or little change in transcript expression in JSH and seven in B80 with four common genes. Among the 55 CsWRKY genes, 17 genes showed significant differences (differences > twofold) in the degree of change of gene transcription level between JSH and B80 from RNA-seq data analysis, and the results validated using real-time PCR showed that there were only six genes (CsWRKY2, 20, 26, 35, 44, 52) out of the 17 that exhibited significant differences (differences > twofold) with four genes (CsWRKY2, 20, 26, 52) consistent with the data from RNA-seq and two genes (CsWRKY 35, 44) inconsistent with the data from RNA-seq. In addition, the six genes were strongly up-regulated after salicylic acid (SA) treatment with five genes (CsWRKY2, 20, 26, 35, 44) up to peak at 12 h and one gene (CsWRKY52) up to peak at 24 h in expression and that four CsWRKY genes (CsWRKY2, 20, 44, 52) out of six were strongly up-regulated with three genes (CsWRKY2, 20, 44) up to the highest point at 24 h and one gene (CsWRKY52) up after methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Based on the results above, we predicted CsWRKY2, 20, 26, 35, 44 and 52 may be involved in disease resistance of JSH against Phytophthora melonis by SA and (or) JA signaling pathway(s).
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Lluscà, Marta, Aldrin Antony, and Joan Bertomeu. "Growth and Properties of ZnO:Al on Textured Glass for Thin Film Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/406495.
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Aluminium induced texturing (AIT) method has been used to texture glass substrates in order to enhance the photon absorption in thin film solar cells. The resultant glass roughness has been analyzed by varying the AIT process parameters and it has been found that the deposition method of Al is a decisive factor in tuning the texture. Two types of textures, a soft (texture E) and a rough texture (texture S), were achieved from the thermally evaporated and sputtered Al layers through AIT process. Aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) layers of different thickness were deposited over both textures and over smooth glass. Haze values above 30% were obtained for texture S + AZO and above 10% for texture E + AZO. The resultant morphologies were free from sharp edges or deep valleys and the transparency and the resistivity values were also good enough to be used as front contact for thin film solar cells. In order to demonstrate the light absorption enhancement in a solar cell device, 200 nm of a-Si:H followed by 300 nm of Ag were grown over the textured and smooth substrates with AZO, and an optical absorption enhancement of 35% for texture E and 53% for texture S was obtained in comparison to the smooth substrate.
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PATI, S. K., and T. THACKERAY. "The freshwater crab genera Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, Gubernatoriana Bott, and Inglethelphusa Bott (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) revisited, with descriptions of a new genus and eleven new species." Zootaxa 4440, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4440.1.1.
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The taxonomy of three morphologically related and endemic genera of the northern Western Ghats (Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, 2014, Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970, and Inglethelphusa Bott, 1970) is re-assessed to accommodate several new taxa. We describe a new genus, Sahyadriana gen. nov. and its five new species [S. billyarjani sp. nov., S. pachyphallus sp. nov., S. sahyadriensis sp. nov. (type species), S. tenuiphallus sp. nov., and S. woodmasoni sp. nov.]. Additionally, three new species each of Ghatiana (Gh. botti sp. nov., Gh. pulchra sp. nov., and Gh. rathbunae sp. nov.) and Gubernatoriana (Gu. longipes sp. nov., Gu. marleshwarensis sp. nov., and Gu. wallacei sp. nov.) are described. Five species previously in Gubernatoriana are now transferred to Sahyadriana gen. nov., viz. S. alcocki (Pati in Pati, Thackeray & Khaire, 2016) comb. nov., S. pilosipes (Alcock, 1909) comb. nov., S. thackerayi (Pati in Pati, Thackeray & Khaire, 2016) comb. nov., S. triangulus (Pati & Sharma, 2014) comb. nov., and S. waghi (Pati in Pati, Thackeray & Khaire, 2016) comb. nov. Gubernatoriana basalticola Klaus, Fernandez & Yeo, 2014, is transferred to Ghatiana. Inglethelphusa is still proved to be monotypic. Consequently, Ghatiana now contains eight species, three of which are new; Gubernatoriana, four species, including three new species; Inglethelphusa, one species; and Sahyadriana gen. nov., ten species, including five new species. Sahyadriana pilosipes is rediscovered more than a century after its description. All these genera can be separated from other Indian gecarcinucid crabs by the absence of a flagellum on the exopod of the third maxilliped and a very short G2. The relevant identification keys are revised. Currently, 120 species of freshwater crabs under 35 genera and two families are found in India. Kerala is the most species-rich (35 species) state in India followed by Maharashtra (29 species) and Assam (21 species). The Western Ghats of India now includes 17 genera and 58 species of gecarcinucid crabs. A checklist and distribution of Indian freshwater crabs is provided.
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Laine, M., N. Latva-Pukkila, and E. Kyrölä. "Analysing time-varying trends in stratospheric ozone time series using the state space approach." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 18 (September 16, 2014): 9707–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-9707-2014.
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Abstract. We describe a hierarchical statistical state space model for ozone profile time series. The time series are from satellite measurements by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II and the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instruments spanning the years 1984–2011. Vertical ozone profiles were linearly interpolated on an altitude grid with 1 km resolution covering 20–60 km. Monthly averages were calculated for each altitude level and 10° wide latitude bins between 60° S and 60° N. In the analysis, mean densities are studied separately for the 25–35, 35–45, and 45–55 km layers. Model variables include the ozone mean level, local trend, seasonal oscillations, and proxy variables for solar activity, the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO), and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This is a companion paper to Kyrölä et al. (2013), where a piecewise linear model was used together with the same proxies as in this work (excluding ENSO). The piecewise linear trend was allowed to change at the beginning of 1997 in all latitudes and altitudes. In the modelling of the present paper such an assumption is not needed as the linear trend is allowed to change continuously at each time step. This freedom is also allowed for the seasonal oscillations whereas other regression coefficients are taken independent of time. According to our analyses, the slowly varying ozone background shows roughly three general development patterns. A continuous decay for the whole period 1984–2011 is evident in the southernmost latitude belt 50–60° S in all altitude regions and in 50–60° N in the lowest altitude region 25–35 km. A second pattern, where a recovery after an initial decay is followed by a further decay, is found at northern latitudes from the equator to 50° N in the lowest altitude region (25–35 km) and between 40° N and 60° N in the 35–45 km altitude region. Further ozone loss occurred after 2007 in these regions. Everywhere else a decay is followed by a recovery. This pattern is shown at all altitudes and latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere (10–50° S) and in the 45–55 km layer in the Northern Hemisphere (from the equator to 40° N). In the 45–55 km range the trend, measured as an average change in 10 years, has mostly turned from negative to positive before the year 2000. In those regions where the "V" type of change of the trend is appropriate, the turning point is around the years 1997–2001. To compare results for the trend changes with the companion paper, we studied the difference in trends between the years from 1984 to 1997 and from 1997 to 2011. Overall, the two methods produce very similar ozone recovery patterns with the maximum trend change of 10% in 35–45 km. The state space method (used in this paper) shows a somewhat faster recovery than the piecewise linear model. For the percent change of the ozone density per decade the difference between the results is below three percentage units.
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Abbas, H. K., M. Wayne Ebelhar, N. Bellaloui, M. J. Mulvaney, G. R. D. Stoner, J. K. Kotowicz, N. S. Little, C. Accinelli, and W. T. Shier. "Contamination of sesame seed grown in Mississippi with aflatoxin, fumonisin, and mycotoxin-producing fungi." World Mycotoxin Journal 12, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2388.
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Four sesame varieties (S-34, S-35, S-38, and S-39) were planted in the Mississippi Delta in 2014 and 2015 at four nitrogen fertiliser application rates from 44.8 to 112 kg N/ha, and evaluated for grain yield and contamination by mycotoxins and toxigenic fungi. Variety S-35 had the highest yield in both years. Harvest seed moisture was not related to variety, because opposite results were obtained in the two years. N fertiliser application rate had no effect on yield or mycotoxin contamination of harvested seed in 2014, but significantly increased yield in 2015. Harvested sesame seed density was influenced by treatments (N rates and variety) with varietal differences occurring in the different years. While observed differences were small, even small differences could impact marketability. There was no significant effect of N fertiliser application rate, variety, crop year or interaction between them for contamination of harvested seed by aflatoxins, fumonisins, Aspergillus flavus or Fusarium verticillioides in cleaned and uncleaned harvested sesame seed. Similar results were obtained from trials conducted in the Florida Panhandle during 2015. In general, sesame seed is not susceptible to aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination. None of the mycotoxin levels observed in this study were significant in regard to human or animal health, but further testing is needed. This is the first report of fumonisin found in sesame seed. The results of this study indicate that sesame seed is a safe crop for growers and consumers.
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Steinhauer, Heiko, Joachim Holzschuh, and Thomas Böhler. "Behandlungsfehlervorwürfe gegen Pädiater – eine Analyse von Gutachten des Medizinischen Dienstes der Krankenversicherung der Jahre 2000 bis 2014." Klinische Pädiatrie 229, no. 06 (October 19, 2017): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119035.
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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In Deutschland gibt es bislang nur wenige Informationen zu spezifisch gegen Pädiater gerichtete Vorwürfe medizinischer Behandlungsfehler (BHF). Der Medizinische Dienst der Krankenversicherung (MDK) begutachtet im Auftrag der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen regelmäßig BHF-Vorwürfe bei pädiatrischer Behandlung. Methoden Analyse von 374 Gutachten, die zwischen dem 01.09.2000 und 31.08.2014 durch einen pädiatrischen Gutachter des MDK Baden-Württemberg erstellt wurden. Ergebnisse 193 BHF-Vorwürfe gegen Pädiater wurden getrennt nach Versorgungssektoren ausgewertet (ambulant 35%, Normalstation 28%, Intensivstation 37%). Bei ambulanter Behandlung wurden häufiger Diagnosefehler vorgeworfen; die häufigsten begründenden Diagnosen waren Hüftdysplasie (n=6), Meningitis (n=5) und Pneumonie (n=4). Bei stationärer Behandlung wurden häufiger Therapiefehler vorgeworfen; häufigste begründende Diagnosen waren: Paravasate (n=7) sowie periventrikuläre Leukomalazie (n=7), Sepsis (n=6) und Hirnblutung (n=4) bei Neugeborenen auf Intensivstationen. 43% der ambulanten, 22% der normalstationären und 38% der intensivstationären BHF-Vorwürfe wurden gutachterlich bestätigt. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Die Häufigkeiten von BHF-Vorwürfen scheinen in erster Linie von der Häufigkeit der Inanspruchnahme kinder- und jugendmedizinischer Leistungen abzuhängen. International bekannte diagnosespezifische Fallkonstellationen geben auch in Deutschland gehäuft Anlass zu einem BHF-Vorwurf. Die Analyse der Fälle nach Versorgungssektoren lässt nachvollziehbare Rückschlüsse für ein Risikomanagement zu.
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Classen, Henry, Misaki Cho, Pierre Hucl, Susantha Gomis, and Carol Ann Patterson. "Performance, health and tissue weights of broiler chickens fed graded levels of hairless hulled yellow and brown canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.)." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 94, no. 4 (December 2014): 669–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas-2014-056.
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Classen, H., Cho, M., Hucl, P., Gomis, S. and Patterson, C. A. 2014. Performance, health and tissue weights of broiler chickens fed graded levels of hairless hulled yellow and brown canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.). Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 669–678. Research examined the effects of dietary levels (0, 15, 30 and 45%) of hulled yellow (C05041) and brown (CDC Maria) canary seed on the performance and health of broiler chickens. Eight (six birds each) and five (four birds each) replications per treatment were used from 0 to 21 and from 22 to 35 d of age, respectively. Growth rate and feed intake were affected in a quadratic manner by canary seed level from 0 to 21 d with the highest growth achieved by 15 and 30% treatments, but were not affected from 22 to 35 d. Feed to gain ratio decreased linearly with increasing canary seed for both 0- to 21-d and 22- to 35-d time periods. Mortality was not affected by level of canary seed, but more birds fed the C05041 cultivar died as a result of yolk sac infection and infectious causes than did birds fed CDC Maria. Level of canary seed affected jejunum, kidney and bursa of Fabricius proportional weights in a quadratic manner with no differences between the 0 and 45% treatments. No interactions were found between dietary level and cultivar of canary seed. Treatment did not affect gross necropsy at trial end or histopathology of key organs. Yellow and brown hairless canary seed has merit and is safe for poultry feeding.
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Sarnou, Dalal. "Narratives of Arab Anglophone Women and the Articulation of a Major Discourse in a Minor Literature." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 16, no. 1 (September 25, 2014): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ipcj-2014-0005.
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“It is important to stress that a variety of positions with respect to feminism, nation, religion and identity are to be found in Anglophone Arab women’s writings. This being the case, it is doubtful whether, in discussing this literary production, much mileage is to be extracted from over emphasis of the notion of its being a conduit of ‘Third World subaltern women.’” (Nash 35) Building on Geoffrey Nash’s statement and reflecting on Deleuze and Guattari’s conceptualization of minor literature and Gloria Anzaldua’s Borderland(s), we will discuss in this paper how the writings of Arab Anglophone women are specific minor and borderland narratives within minor literature(s) through a tentative (re)localization of Arab women’s English literature into distinct and various categories. By referring to various bestselling English works produced by Arab British and Arab American women authors, our aim is to establish a New taxonomy that may fit the specificity of these works.
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Schumann, Moritz, Olli-Pekka Mykkänen, Kenji Doma, Raffaele Mazzolari, Kai Nyman, and Keijo Häkkinen. "Effects of endurance training only versus same-session combined endurance and strength training on physical performance and serum hormone concentrations in recreational endurance runners." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 40, no. 1 (January 2015): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0262.
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This study investigated the effects of endurance training only (E, n = 14) and same-session combined training, when strength training is repeatedly preceded by endurance loading (endurance and strength training (E+S), n = 13) on endurance (1000-m running time during incremental field test) and strength performance (1-repetition maximum (1RM) in dynamic leg press), basal serum hormone concentrations, and endurance loading-induced force and hormone responses in recreationally endurance-trained men. E was identical in the 2 groups and consisted of steady-state and interval running, 4–6 times per week for 24 weeks. E+S performed additional mixed-maximal and explosive-strength training (2 times per week) immediately following an incremental running session (35–45 min, 65%–85% maximal heart rate). E and E+S decreased running time at week 12 (–8% ± 5%, p = 0.001 and –7% ± 3%, p < 0.001) and 24 (–13% ± 5%, p < 0.001 and –9% ± 5%, p = 0.001). Strength performance decreased in E at week 24 (–5% ± 5%, p = 0.014) but was maintained in E+S (between-groups at week 12 and 24, p = 0.014 and 0.011, respectively). Basal serum testosterone and cortisol concentrations remained unaltered in E and E+S but testosterone/sex hormone binding globulin ratio decreased in E+S at week 12 (–19% ± 26%, p = 0.006). At week 0 and 24, endurance loading-induced acute force (–5% to –9%, p = 0.032 to 0.001) and testosterone and cortisol responses (18%–47%, p = 0.013 to p < 0.001) were similar between E and E+S. This study showed no endurance performance benefits when strength training was performed repeatedly after endurance training compared with endurance training only. This was supported by similar acute responses in force and hormonal measures immediately post-endurance loading after the training with sustained 1RM strength in E+S.
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CIM, Editor. "Letter of Retraction." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 38, no. 3 (May 31, 2015): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v38i3.22708.
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It has come to our attention that the a manuscript published in CIM: JianXin J, Cha Y, ZhiPeng L, Jie X, Hao Z, Meiyuan C, ChengYi S “GOLP3 is a predictor of survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma” Clin Invest Med. 2014 Aug 1;37(4):E233-42 contains text identical to a manuscript published in Tumour Biology: Hu GS, Li YQ, Yang YM, Shi W, Liao AJ, Yao YH, Zeng B, Yuan J “High expression of Golgi phosphoprotein-3 is associated with poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma” Tumour Biol. 2014 Sep;35(9):8625-32. doi: 10.1007/s13277-014-2105-8. Epub 2014 May 28. For this reason, the publication in CIM has been retracted. Jonathan Angel, MD Editor, CIM
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Warneke, C., P. R. Veres, S. M. Murphy, J. Soltis, R. A. Field, M. G. Graus, A. Koss, et al. "PTR-QMS vs. PTR-TOF comparison in a region with oil and natural gas extraction industry in the Uintah Basin in 2013." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 7 (July 3, 2014): 6565–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-6565-2014.
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Abstract. Here we compare volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements using a standard Proton-Transfer-Reaction Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (PTR-QMS) with a new Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-TOF) during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study 2013 (UBWOS2013) field experiment in an oil and gas field in the Uintah Basin, Utah. The PTR-QMS uses a quadrupole, which is a mass filter that lets one mass pass at a time, whereas the PTR-TOF uses a Time Of Flight mass spectrometer, which takes full mass spectra with typical 0.1 s to 1 min integrated acquisition times. The sensitivity of the PTR-QMS in units of counts per ppbv is about a factor of 10–35 times larger than the PTR-TOF, when only one VOC is measured. The sensitivity of the PTR-TOF is mass dependent because of the mass discrimination caused by the sampling duty cycle in the orthogonal-acceleration region of the TOF. For example, the PTR-QMS on mass 33 (methanol) is 35 times more sensitive than the PTR-TOF and for masses above 120 amu less than 10 times more. If more than 10–35 compounds are measured with PTR-QMS, the sampling time per ion decreases and the PTR-TOF has higher signals per unit measuring time for most masses. For UBWOS2013 the PTR-QMS measured 34 masses in 37 s and on that time-scale the PTR-TOF is more sensitive for all masses. The high mass resolution of the TOF allows for the measurements of compounds that cannot be separately detected with the PTR-QMS, such as oxidation products from alkanes and cycloalkanes emitted by oil and gas extraction. PTR-TOF masses do not have to be pre-selected allowing for identification of unanticipated compounds. The measured mixing ratios of the two instruments agreed very well (R2 ≥ 0.92 and within 20%) for all compounds and masses monitored with the PTR-QMS.
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Nikumbh, Sunita, Abhishek Kukde, Manoj Patel, Bhavik Parekh, Anoop Nigwekar, Renu Mittal, and Kumar Dhawale. "Demographic and Clinical Profile of Psychiatry Patients of Rural Homoeopathic Hospital, Palghar, Maharashtra, India, from 2014 to 2018." Homœopathic Links 34, no. 02 (June 2021): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731701.
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Abstract Background Rural Homoeopathic Hospital has been serving the community in and around Palghar for the past 20 years. Through a Central Government Scheme of Centre of Excellence, it received funds for setting up an inpatient psychiatric unit in 2012 whereby it could serve the wider community by admitting the patients with mental illness in a secure ward. This is the first part of two papers which deals with demographic analysis of the patients admitted in the psychiatry ward between 2014 and 2018. Objectives The case records were studied with a view to determine the demographic features, the clinical diagnosis and the duration of stay. Methodology All case records were studied as per a predetermined format to establish the demographic features, the clinical diagnosis and the duration of stay in the ward. Results Out of 1,015 patients seen, 35% were having alcohol withdrawal, 12.7% were having conversion, 9.8% were having suicidal attempt and 9.7% were suffering from anxiety. The duration of stay in the hospital was noticeably shorter than what has been reported from the allopathic admissions. Conclusion Alcoholism followed by conversion disorders, suicidal attempts and anxiety-panic conditions was the most common psychiatric condition with which patients were admitted. Males were predominating mainly due to their alcoholic condition. The duration of stay was reasonably short. The reasons for this would need further exploration.
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Kunze, Rolf-Ulrich. "Lieve Gevers, Kerk in de kering. De katholieke gemeenschap in Vlaanderen 1940–1980. Pelckmans, Kalmthout 2014, 504 S. ISBN 9789028973527. €35." Church History and Religious Culture 94, no. 4 (2014): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09404034.
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Walker, Rod L., Susan M. Shortreed, Rebecca A. Ziebell, Eric Johnson, Jennifer M. Boggs, Frances L. Lynch, Yihe G. Daida, et al. "Evaluation of Electronic Health Record-Based Suicide Risk Prediction Models on Contemporary Data." Applied Clinical Informatics 12, no. 04 (August 2021): 778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1733908.
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Abstract Background Suicide risk prediction models have been developed by using information from patients' electronic health records (EHR), but the time elapsed between model development and health system implementation is often substantial. Temporal changes in health systems and EHR coding practices necessitate the evaluation of such models in more contemporary data. Objectives A set of published suicide risk prediction models developed by using EHR data from 2009 to 2015 across seven health systems reported c-statistics of 0.85 for suicide attempt and 0.83 to 0.86 for suicide death. Our objective was to evaluate these models' performance with contemporary data (2014–2017) from these systems. Methods We evaluated performance using mental health visits (6,832,439 to mental health specialty providers and 3,987,078 to general medical providers) from 2014 to 2017 made by 1,799,765 patients aged 13+ across the health systems. No visits in our evaluation were used in the previous model development. Outcomes were suicide attempt (health system records) and suicide death (state death certificates) within 90 days following a visit. We assessed calibration and computed c-statistics with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and cut-point specific estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive value. Results Models were well calibrated; 46% of suicide attempts and 35% of suicide deaths in the mental health specialty sample were preceded by a visit (within 90 days) with a risk score in the top 5%. In the general medical sample, 53% of attempts and 35% of deaths were preceded by such a visit. Among these two samples, respectively, c-statistics were 0.862 (95% CI: 0.860–0.864) and 0.864 (95% CI: 0.860–0.869) for suicide attempt, and 0.806 (95% CI: 0.790–0.822) and 0.804 (95% CI: 0.782–0.829) for suicide death. Conclusion Performance of the risk prediction models in this contemporary sample was similar to historical estimates for suicide attempt but modestly lower for suicide death. These published models can inform clinical practice and patient care today.
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Biswas, Dipali, Mashuque Mahamud, Sharfuddin Mahmud, Md Shaikhul Islam, DGM Akaiduzzaman, Manilal Aich Litu, and Md Siddiqur Rahman. "Causative Factors of Ludwigs Angina." Journal of Dhaka Medical College 26, no. 1 (September 14, 2017): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v26i1.33989.
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Introduction: Ludwigs angina is a rapidly progressive, potentially fulminant cellulitis involving the sub-lingual, submental and sub-mandibular spaces. It typically originates from an infected or recently extracted tooth, most commonly the lower second and third molars. Besides, poor nutritional status, lack of proper medical supports are still major predisposing factors in developing Ludwigs angina in countries like Bangladesh.Aim: Our study aimed to observe the role of odontogenic infection in development of Ludwigs Angina.Method: We carried out a cross sectional study among 26 patients with Ludwigs angina admitted in the department of ENT and Head-neck surgery in SSMC &Mitford Hospital from January-December-2014.Results: In this study we found that males are predominantly affected than females (21 males and 5 females, ratio-4.2:1) with odontogenic infection (18, 69%) as source. We found historyof recent tooth extraction in 6 cases (23%) & organism was isolated from pus culture,Klebsiella in 10 cases (19.2%) out of 26 cases. We elicited underlying systemic disease mainly is Diabetes Mellitus in 9 cases (35%) that predisposes to Ludwigs angina.\Conclusion: Our study suggests that prompt and thorough clinical evaluation and definitivecare will considerably improve patient condition and reduce morbidity and mortality.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.1, April, 2017, Page 3-7
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Shukor, M. Y., M. I. E. Halmi, M. F. A. Rahman, N. A. Shamaan, and M. A. Syed. "Molybdenum Reduction to Molybdenum Blue inSerratiasp. Strain DRY5 Is Catalyzed by a Novel Molybdenum-Reducing Enzyme." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/853084.
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The first purification of the Mo-reducing enzyme fromSerratiasp. strain DRY5 that is responsible for molybdenum reduction to molybdenum blue in the bacterium is reported. The monomeric enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 105 kDalton. The isoelectric point of this enzyme was 7.55. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 6.0 and maximum activity between 25 and 35°C. The Mo-reducing enzyme was extremely sensitive to temperatures above 50°C (between 54 and 70°C). A plot of initial rates against substrate concentrations at 15 mM 12-MP registered aVmaxfor NADH at 12.0 nmole Mo blue/min/mg protein. The apparentKmfor NADH was 0.79 mM. At 5 mM NADH, the apparentVmaxand apparentKmvalues for 12-MP of 12.05 nmole/min/mg protein and 3.87 mM, respectively, were obtained. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the Mo-reducing enzyme was 5.47 M-1 s-1. The purification of this enzyme could probably help to solve the phenomenon of molybdenum reduction to molybdenum blue first reported in 1896 and would be useful for the understanding of the underlying mechanism in molybdenum bioremediation involving bioreduction.
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Bhowmik, Sushanta K., Gururaja P. Pazhani, and Thandavarayan Ramamurthy. "Phylogenetic andIn SilicoFunctional Analyses of Thermostable-Direct Hemolysin andtdh-Related Encoding Genes inVibrio parahaemolyticusand Other Gram-Negative Bacteria." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/576528.
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Emergence and spread of pandemic strains ofVibrio parahaemolyticushave drawn attention to make detailed study on their genomes. The pathogenicity ofV. parahaemolyticushas been associated with thermostable-direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or TDH-related hemolysin (TRH). The present study evaluated characteristics oftdhandtrhgenes, considering the phylogenetic andin silicofunctional features ofV. parahaemolyticusand other bacteria. Fifty-twotdhandtrhgenes submitted to the GenBank were analyzed for sequence similarity. The promoter sequences of these genes were also analyzed from transcription start point to −35 regions and correlated with amino acid substitution within the coding regions. The phylogenetic analysis revealed thattdhandtrhare highly distinct and also differ within theV. parahaemolyticusstrains that were isolated from different geographical regions. Promoter sequence analysis revealed nucleotide substitutions and deletions at −18 and −19 positions among the pandemic, prepandemic, and nonpandemictdhsequences. Many amino acid substitutions were also found within the signal peptide and also in the matured protein region of several TDH proteins as compared to TDH-S protein of pandemicV. parahaemolyticus. Experimental evidences are needed to recognize the importance of substitutions and deletions in thetdhandtrhgenes.
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Mitchell, Courtney J., Alan Tita, Sarah B. Anderson, Daniel N. Pasko, and Lorie M. Harper. "Adverse Outcomes with Maternal Blood Pressure Less than 140/90 in Pregnancy Complicated by Hypertension." American Journal of Perinatology 36, no. 13 (January 15, 2019): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1677474.
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Objective We assessed the risk of small for gestational age and other outcomes in pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension with blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg. Study Design Retrospective cohort of singletons with hypertension at a single institution from 2000 to 2014. Mean systolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure were analyzed as continuous and dichotomous variables (<120/80 and 120–139/80–89 mm Hg). The primary outcome was small for gestational age. Secondary outcomes included birth weight, preeclampsia, preterm birth <35 weeks, and a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes. Results Small for gestational age was not increased with a mean systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg compared with a mean systolic blood pressure 120 to 129 mm Hg (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–2.79). Mean diastolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg was associated with a decrease in the risk preeclampsia (AOR 0.57; 95% CI 0.35–0.94), preterm birth <35 weeks (AOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.20–0.62), and the composite neonatal outcome (AOR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22–0.81). Conclusion Mean systolic blood pressure <120 mm Hg and mean diastolic blood pressure <80 mm Hg were not associated with increased risk of small for gestational age when compared with higher, normal mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
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Munsi, Abu Sayed, Manzoor Hussain, Rezoana Rima, Robi Biswas, Salahuddin Mahmud, and Abu Sayeed. "Pattern of congenital heart diseases among clinically diagnosed Downs syndrome children." Northern International Medical College Journal 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/nimcj.v6i1.23154.
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Background : Downs syndrome (DS) is the commonest genetic cause of malformation with congenital heart defects.Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of various congenital heart defects in children with clinically diagnosed Downs syndrome in Dhaka Shishu Hospital.Material & Methods : This prospective study was conducted at Pediatric cardiology department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital from 1st February 2013 to 31st January 2014. Admitted Seventy four phenotypically Downs syndrome patients were included in this study. After taking detailed history and physical examination, all these patients were subjected to Color Doppler echocardiography in addition to routine laboratory investigations.Results : Total 74 downs Syndrome patients were admitted at cardiology department during the study period. Among them 35 (47.29%) were males and 39 (52.71%)were females with male to female ratio of 1:1.12. Atrioventricular septal defect was the commonest defect 15(20.27%), followed by Ventricular septal defect 12(16.21%), Patent ductus arteriosus 11(14.86%), Atrial septal defect 7(9.46%), Tetralogy of Fallots 3(4.05%), Pentology of Fallots 2(2.70%), Dextrocardia with D _ TGA 1(1.35%), Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 1(1.35%) but Multiple congenital heart disease were 22(29.72%) cases. Along with congenital heart disease 3(4.05%) patients had GIT abnormality, 4(5.4%) patient had congenital hypothyroidism and 3(4.05%) patients had Eye problem.Conclusion : Congenital heart defects are common in children with Downs syndrome. The commonest one is Atrioventricular septal defect in our set-up.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(1) 2014: 18-20
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Çalışkan, Ahmet, Ayşegül Çopur Çicek, Nebahat Aydogan Ejder, Alper Karagöz, Özlem Kirişci, and Selçuk Kılıç. "The Antibiotic sensitivity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a 5-year period and investigation of clonal outbreak with PFGE." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, no. 07 (July 31, 2019): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11171.
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Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which is able to form a biofilm, has mostly been related to catheters when it is the agent in hospital infections; these infections generally present as bacteremia and pneumonia, which may progress with complications and result in death.
Methodology: The study included 153 S. maltophilia strains isolated from clinical samples sent to our hospital laboratory between 1 January 2014 and 30 June 2018. The bacteria were identified and their antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the VITEK-2 automated system. PFGE (Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis): The strains isolated from 34 patient clinical samples and from 1 patient bedcover were taken for PFGE examination.
Results: The TMP/SXT and levofloxacin sensitivity of 153 S. maltophilia strains was examined. TMP/SXT resistance was determined to be 39% and levofloxacin resistance at 5%. Among 35 S. maltophilia strains, seven genotypes were identified using the PFGE method. While three strains showed a specific genotype profile, the other 32 were determined to consist of four clusters. The cluster rate was therefore 91.4% (32/35).
Conclusions: There was a clonal relationship between the vast majority of the 35 S. maltophilia isolates, which suggests that there was a cross-contamination problem in the hospital. One strain (#4) was identified by dendrogram analysis showed a high rate of similarity to the other strains and was determined to be the common source of the cross-contamination.
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Das, Saprativ P., Debasish Das, and Arun Goyal. "Statistical Optimization of Fermentation Process Parameters by Taguchi Orthogonal Array Design for Improved Bioethanol Production." Journal of Fuels 2014 (January 14, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/419674.
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The statistical optimization of different fermentation process parameters in SSF of mixed MAA and organosolv pretreated 1% (w v−1) wild grass, namely, recombinant Clostridium thermocellum hydrolytic enzymes’ volume (GH5 cellulase, GH43 hemicellulase), fermentative microbes’ inoculum volume (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida shehatae), pH, and temperature, was accomplished by Taguchi orthogonal array design. The optimized parameters in 100 mL of fermentation medium were (%, v v−1) as follows: 1.0, recombinant GH5 cellulase (5.7 mg−1, 0.45 mg mL−1); 2.0, recombinant GH43 hemicellulase (3.7 U mg−1, 0.32 mg mL−1); 1.5, S. cerevisiae (3.9 × 108 cells mL−1); 0.25, C. shehatae (2.7 × 107 cells mL−1); pH, 4.3; and temperature, 35∘C. pH with p-value 0.001 was found to be the most significant factor affecting SSF. The ethanol titre obtained in Taguchi optimized shake flask SSF was 2.0 g L−1 implying a 1.3-fold increase as compared to ethanol titre of 1.5 g L−1 in unoptimized shake flask SSF. A 1.5-fold gain in ethanol titre (3.1 g L−1) was obtained with the same substrate concentration in lab scale bioreactor on scaling up the shake flask SSF with Taguchi optimized process parameters.
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Wady, Amanda Fucci, Ana Lucia Machado, Camila Cristina Foggi, Camila Andrade Zamperini, Valtencir Zucolotto, Eduardo Buozi Moffa, and Carlos Eduardo Vergani. "Effect of a Silver Nanoparticles Solution onStaphylococcus aureusandCandidaspp." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/545279.
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An AgNPs solution was synthesized by chemical reduction, characterized, and tested againstCandida glabrata,Candida tropicalis,Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). Minimum inhibitory (MICs) and minimum fungicidal/bactericidal concentrations (MFC/MBC) were determined on planktonic cells. Also, total biofilm mass was determined by crystal violet (CV) staining and morphological changes by scanning electron microscope (SEM). MICs forC. glabrata,C. tropicalis,S. aureus, and MRSA were 15.63, 3.91, 1.95, and 1.95 µg/mL, respectively. MFC forC. glabratawas 62.5 µg/mL and forC. tropicalis15.63 µg/mL The same MBC (3.91 µg/mL) was observed forS. aureusand MRSA. CV assay showed that the AgNPs (1000 μg/mL) promoted reductions in biofilm mass of ~60% forC. glabrataand ~35% forC. tropicalis. A reduction of ~20% inC. tropicalisbiomass was also observed at the concentration of 3.91 µg/mL. No significant effect on total biomass was found forS. aureusand MRSA. SEM images revealed thatC. glabrataandC. tropicalisbiofilm cells, exposed to the AgNPs (1000 μg/mL), had an irregular and shriveled appearance. AgNPs solution exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against important fungal and bacterial pathogens, associated with several oral and systemic diseases, and has potential as an antimicrobial agent.
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Guo, Mingxing, Baosheng Zhao, Haiyu Liu, Li Zhang, Long Peng, Lingling Qin, Zhixin Zhang, Jian Li, Chengke Cai, and Xiaoyan Gao. "A Metabolomic Strategy to Screen the Prototype Components and Metabolites ofShuang-Huang-Lian Injectionin Human Serum by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/241505.
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Shuang-huang-lian injection(SHLI) is a famous Chinese patent medicine, which has been wildly used in clinic to treat acute respiratory tract infection, pneumonia, influenza, and so forth. Despite the widespread clinical application, the prototype components and metabolites ofSHLIhave not been fully elucidated, especially in human body. To discover and screen the constituents or metabolites of Chinese medicine in biofluids tends to be more and more difficult due to the complexity of chemical compositions, metabolic reactions and matrix effects. In this work, a metabolomic strategy to comprehensively elucidate the prototype components and metabolites ofSHLIin human serum conducted by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was developed. Orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied to distinguish the exogenous, namely, drug-induced constituents, from endogenous in human serum. In the S-plot, 35 drug-induced constituents were found, including 23 prototype compounds and 12 metabolites which indicated thatSHLIin human body mainly caused phase II metabolite reactions. It was concluded that the metabolomic strategy for identification of herbal constituents and metabolites in biological samples was successfully developed. This identification and structural elucidation of the chemical compounds provided essential data for further pharmacological and pharmacokinetics study ofSHLI.
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Scott, Adrienne S., Marcel A. Baltzan, and Norman Wolkove. "Examination of Pulse Oximetry Tracings to Detect Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Canadian Respiratory Journal 21, no. 3 (2014): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/948717.
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Nocturnal hypoxemia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common comorbidities in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The authors sought to develop a strategy to interpret nocturnal pulse oximetry and assess its capacity for detection of OSA in patients with stage 3 to stage 4 COPD. A review of consecutive patients with COPD who were clinically prescribed oximetry and polysomnography was conducted. OSA was diagnosed if the polysomnographic apnea-hypopnea index was >15 events/h. Comprehensive criteria were developed for interpretation of pulse oximetry tracings through iterative validation and interscorer concordance of ≥80%. Criteria consisted of visually identified desaturation ‘events’ (sustained desaturation ≥4%, 1 h time scale), ‘patterns’ (≥3 similar desaturation/saturation cycles, 15 min time scale) and the automated oxygen desaturation index. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated. Of 59 patients (27 male), 31 had OSA (53%). The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 46% of predicted (range 21% to 74% of predicted) and 52% of patients were on long-term oxygen therapy. Among 59 patients, 35 were correctly identified as having OSA or not having OSA, corresponding to an accuracy of 59%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 59% and 60%, respectively. The AUC was 0.57 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.59). Using software-computed desaturation events (hypoxemia ≥4% for ≥10 s) indexed at ≥15 events/h of sleep as diagnostic criteria, sensitivity was 60%, specificity was 63% and the AUC was 0.64 (95%CI 0.62 to 0.66). No single criterion demonstrated important diagnostic utility. Pulse oximetry tracing interpretation had a modest diagnostic value in identifying OSA in patients with moderate to severe COPD.
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Mantovani, Dario, Maik Veste, Stella Gypser, Christian Halke, Laurie Koning, Dirk Freese, and Stefan Lebzien. "Transpiration and biomass production of the bioenergy crop Giant Knotweed Igniscum under various supplies of water and nutrients." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2014-0028.
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Abstract Soil water availability, nutrient supply and climatic conditions are key factors for plant production. For a sustainable integration of bioenergy plants into agricultural systems, detailed studies on their water uses and growth performances are needed. The new bioenergy plant Igniscum Candy is a cultivar of the Sakhalin Knotweed (Fallopia sachalinensis), which is characterized by a high annual biomass production. For the determination of transpiration-yield relations at the whole plant level we used wicked lysimeters at multiple irrigation levels associated with the soil water availability (25, 35, 70, 100%) and nitrogen fertilization (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha-1). Leaf transpiration and net photosynthesis were determined with a portable minicuvette system. The maximum mean transpiration rate was 10.6 mmol m-2 s-1 for well-watered plants, while the mean net photosynthesis was 9.1 μmol m-2 s-1. The cumulative transpiration of the plants during the growing seasons varied between 49 l (drought stressed) and 141 l (well-watered) per plant. The calculated transpiration coefficient for Fallopia over all of the treatments applied was 485.6 l kg-1. The transpiration-yield relation of Igniscum is comparable to rye and barley. Its growth performance making Fallopia a potentially good second generation bioenergy crop.
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Suzuki, Yuka, Masaki Horikoshi, Ai Ikeda, Hiroaki Matsuura, Hiroyuki Noda, Satomi Ikeda, Shinya Tsuzuki, et al. "2473. Trends in Methicillin Resistance Rate of Staphylococcus aureus among Medical Facilities Participating in Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS)." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S856—S857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2151.
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Abstract Background The medical fee revision in 2014 economically motivated hospitals to join surveillance programs, such as Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (JANIS), and rapidly increased JANIS member hospitals. The characteristics of the newly joined hospitals might have affected the reported resistance rate trends regardless of the effect of the policy itself. We examined the effect of the hospitals joining JANIS after 2014 on the trends in methicillin resistance rate of S. aureus. Methods We analyzed annual trends in methicillin resistance rate of S. aureus among inpatients, using JANIS datasets of 2007 to 2016, and defined oxacillin- or cefoxitin-resistant S. aureus as methicillin resistant. The dataset consisted of a total of 7,105 hospitals and 2,740,750 S. aureus test results. Hospitals were divided into two groups; joining JANIS A) before 2014 (751 hospitals), B) in and after 2014 (781 hospitals). A probit model examined their characteristics, and a panel data analysis calculated the resistance rate trends adjusted for age and sex, including interaction terms of hospitals group and year. Finally, we divided patients into quintile age groups, and conducted the same analysis by sex. Results The methicillin resistance rate of S. aureus decreased from 59.4% (2007) to 48.6% (2016), and the decreasing trend kept significant through the study period but 2009 (mean annual decrease: 1.2%, P < 0.05). Inpatients of hospital B had higher age (β = 0.01, P < 0.001), and more male (β = 0.005, P < 0.05), but their resistance rate was not significantly higher (β = 0.05, p = 0.12) compared with hospital A. Age stratified analysis for all hospitals found the youngest group (younger than 35 years old) of both sex had steadily low resistance rates through the period, while the older groups had higher rates, but their rates decreased continuously. Conclusion The methicillin resistance rates of S. aureus decreased throughout 2007 to 2016 except 2009. The patients of the hospitals newly joining JANIS were higher in age, but the resistance rate of S. aureus was not statistically different from the hospitals having joined JANIS before 2014. Also, among JANIS member hospitals, older patients had higher resistance rates than younger patients, but their rates were continuously decreasing. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Sheen, Jean-Ju, Yongmei Huang, Maria Andrikopoulou, Jason D. Wright, Dena Goffman, Mary E. D'Alton, and Alexander M. Friedman. "Maternal Age and Preeclampsia Outcomes during Delivery Hospitalizations." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 01 (August 20, 2019): 044–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1694794.
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Abstract Objective To characterize risk and temporal trends for preeclampsia and related outcomes by maternal age. Study Design Deliveries to women aged 15 to 54 years in the 1998 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample who had a diagnosis of preeclampsia, eclampsia, or both were included in the analysis. Age was categorized as 15 to 17, 18 to 24, 25 to 29, 30 to 34, 35 to 39, 40 to 44, and 45 to 54 years. The primary outcome was temporal trends in preeclampsia based on maternal age. Secondary outcomes analyzed included risk for severe maternal morbidity. Results The proportion of women with preeclampsia aged 15 to 24 years decreased from 42.3% in 1998 to 30.1% in 2014, while preeclampsia among those 30 to 54 years increased from 32.9 to 43.7%. Preeclampsia risk increased for all groups over the study period. Risk for severe morbidity by age group with and without transfusion was “U-shaped,” with risk highest for women 18 to 24 and 40 to 54 years. The risk for abruption, acute renal failure, acute heart failure or pulmonary edema, and stroke was lowest for women aged 15 to 24 years and increased in a “dose-dependent” manner with increasing maternal age. In contrast, eclampsia risk was highest for women aged 15 to 17 years. Conclusion With a changing demographic profile of preeclampsia, older women accounted for an increasing proportion of preeclampsia and related adverse outcomes.
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Airin, Jinnatul, Afroza Begum, Mohammad Ali, and Mushtaq Ahamd. "Eve Teasing and Adolescents Depression." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i2.25896.
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Introduction: Depression in urban female adolescents is now a growing public health problem in Bangladesh. In recent time eve-teasing (sexual harassment) has become a burning issue. Adolescent girls face both psychological and social problems due to eve-teasing and it is one of the determinants of depression of adolescent girls.Objective: The study was done to assess the level and determine the factors of depression as well as to estimate the proportion of eve teasing among female adolescent students.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed at Shahid Ramijuddin Cantonment High School, Dhaka, situated in Shahid Mannan line during a period of one year starting from January 2013 to December, 2013. The study was carried out among 203 female students of class-IX and X aged 14 to 16 years. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to measure the level of depression. Pattern of eve teasing and factors of depression was identified by a number of questions.Results: Among 203 female adolescents 122 students from class-IX and 81 students from Class-X (Mean age 15.02±0.786 years), all are unmarried, 90.6% lived in nuclear family and only 9.45% lived in joint family. This study showed 32% respondents had moderate depression, 17.7% had mild mood disturbance, 10.3 % had borderline clinical depression, 4.9% had severe or extreme depression and 35% respondents found normal. The study also revealed that 75.9% school going girls aged 14 to 16 years experienced eve teasing. Poor school performance, friction with family members, lack of friendly relationship with teachers, 03 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 10, No 2 (December) 2014 no communication with friends are associated with depression but the association of substance abuse, smoking habit, heavy internet use with depression was not found. This study also revealed that, 53.2% depressed adolescent girls and 46.8% adolescent girls with no depression experienced eve teasing and depression is higher among girls who experienced eve teasing. So eve teasing is an important factor for female adolescent depression.Conclusion: Among the study subjects majority of the respondents are moderately depressed and large number of students have experienced eve teasing. Eve teasing has found significant association with depression. Several factors are responsible for depression but in case of female adolescents eve teasing is one of the important factor that needs urgent attention. So, it is essential to control eve teasing for prevention of depression of adolescent girls.Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.10(2) 2014
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Aktaş, Mustafa, İlhan Ceylan, and Ali Etem Gürel. "Testing of a Condensation-type Heat Pump System for Low-temperature Drying Applications." International Journal of Food Engineering 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0124.
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Abstract A closed-type water source heat pump dryer integrated with a drying programme (DP) was designed and tested. The DP was developed using psychometric conditions of desired drying air and thermodynamic balance of heat pump. A drying algorithm was developed according to the technical specification of the dryer. Drying air temperature, relative humidity and drying air volumetric flow rate were entered from a programmable logic controller (PLC) screen. In this study, the drying of mint leaves was examined. Mint leaves were dried at different temperatures (35°C, 40°C and 45°C) and at different volumetric flow rates 300 m3/h for a velocity of 0.75 m/s and 600 m3/h for a velocity of 1.5 m/s in the PLC-controlled heat pump dryer. The relative humidity of the drying air entering the dryer chamber was kept between 13.88% and 6.81% and the two air dampers were controlled according to predetermined value. The coefficient of performance ($$\rm CO{\rm P_{{\rm{hp}}}}$$) values obtained were between 3.81 and 2.29. The specific moisture extraction rate for the whole system ($$\rm SME{\rm R_{{\rm{ws}}}}$$) was between the 0.034 and 0.044 kg/kWh. The drying air temperatures were controlled with an accuracy of ±0.41°C to ±0.76°C depending on the mode of operation.
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Ipatova, A. S., and D. D. Tregubova. "Sources - its Elements (A Sketch about Life and Activity of the Academician V. S. Myasnikov)." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 2(35) (April 28, 2014): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-2-35-325-329.
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Mustafa, Andam, and Michał Szydłowski. "The Impact of Spatiotemporal Changes in Land Development (1984–2019) on the Increase in the Runoff Coefficient in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 20, 2020): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081302.
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Nowadays, geospatial techniques are a popular approach for estimating urban flash floods by considering spatiotemporal changes in urban development. In this study, we investigated the impact of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes on the hydrological response of the Erbil basin in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). In the studied area, the LULC changes were calculated for 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014 and 2019 using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and satellite images. The analysis of LULC changes showed that the change between 1984 and 2004 was slower than that between 2004 and 2019. The LULC analysis revealed a 444.4% growth in built-up areas, with a 60.4% decrease in agricultural land between 1984 and 2019. The influence of LULC on urban floods caused by different urbanization scenarios was ascertained using the HEC-GeoHMS and HEC-HMS models. Over 35 years, there was a 15% increase in the peak discharge of outflow, from 392.2 m3/s in 1984 to 450 m3/s in 2014, as well as the runoff volume for a precipitation probability distribution of 10%, which increased from 27.4 mm in 1984 to 30.9 mm in 2014. Overall, the probability of flash floods increased in the center of the city due to the large expansion of built-up areas.