Academic literature on the topic 'NJA 2014 s. 35'

A preliminary study to determine the group of compound contained in the ethanolic extract of mahagony (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) seeds and its inhibitory activity to a-glucosidase enzyme has been done. The information from this study will be used in the further investigation about the specific constituents related to the bioactivity. The seed was grounded and then extracted with ethanol by maceration technique. The crude extract was separated with liquid-liquid extraction by using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as the solvents. The best eluent for isolation, chloroform:ethanol (1:1), was determined by thin layer chromatography while alumina as stationary phase. The isolation step with column chromatography gave two types of isolates, yellow and colorless isolate. In order to get information about the compound, the crude extract was subjected to phytochemical assignment and the isolate with the better activity was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy. The inhibitory activity for the yellow isolate with IC50 as 19.345 ppm was better than the colorless isolate. Therefore, the IR spectroscopy assay was subjected to the yellow isolate. Based on the comparison IR spectra with literatures, it has suggested that the yellow isolate contains tetranortriterpenoid or limonoid group.Keywords: Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq., diabetes type 2, a-glucosidase, tetranortriterpenoidREFERENCE World Health Organization. Global report on diabetes. http://www.who.int. Accessed on 18 July 2017.Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Situasi dan analisis diabetes. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kemenkes RI.Dutta, M., Raychaudhuri, U., Chakroborty, R., and Maji, D. 2011. Role of diet and plants on diabetic patients - a critical appraisal. Science and Culture. 77 (3–4).Eid, A.M.M., Elmarzugi, N.A., and El-Enshasy, H.A. 2013. A Review on the phytopharmacological effect of Swietenia macrophylla, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 5 (3): 47-53.Bera, T.K., Chatterjee, K., Jana, K., Ali, K.M., De, D., Maiti, M., and Ghosh, D. 2012. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effect of hydro-methanolic (2:3) extract of the seed of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino rat: an approach through pancreas. Genomic Medicine, Biomarkers, and Health Sciences. 4: 107-117.Li, D.D, Chen, J.H, Chen, Q, Li, G.W, Chen, J, and Yue, J.M. 2005. Swietenia mahagony extract shows agonistic activity to PPAR-γ and gives ameliorative effects on diabetic db/db mice. Acta Pharmacol Sinica. 26 (2): 220-222.Sathish, R., Natarajan, K., and Selvakumar, S. 2010. Antidiabetic activity of Swietenia mahagoni seed powder in alloxan induced diabetic mice. Research J. Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2(4): 296-299.Wresdiyati, T., Sa’diah, S., and Winarto, A., Febriyani, V. 2015. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and hypoglycemic activities of Sweitenia mahagoni seed extract. HAYATI Journal of Biosciences. 22 (2): 73-78.Sukardiman, Riza, N.F., Rakhmawati, Studiawan, H., Mulja, H.S., and Rahman, A. 2013. Hypoglycemic activity of 96% ethanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees. and Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. combination, E-Journal Planta Husada,. 1.Masitha, M. 2011. Skrining aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dan penapisan fitokimia dari beberapa tanaman obat yang digunakan sebagai antidiabetes di indonesia. Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Aliyan, A.H. 2012. Uji penghambatan aktivitas alfa-glukosidase dan identifikasi golongan senyawa kimia dari fraksi aktif ekstrak biji mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla King). Skripsi. FMIPA UI.Ibrahim, M.A., Koorbanally, N.A., and Islam, M.S. 2014. Antioxidative activity and inhibition of key enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes (a-glucosidase and a-amylase) by Khaya senegalensis. Acta Pharm. 64: 311–324.Harborne, J. B. 1984. Phytochemical methods: a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. New York: Chapman and Hall.Kadota, S., Marpaung, L., Tohru, K., and Ekimoto, H. 1990. Constituents of the seeds of Switenia mahagoni JACQ. I. isolation, structures, and 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance signal assignments of new tetranorterpenoids related to swietenine and swietenolide. Che. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 639–651.Rahman, A. K. M. S., Chowdhury, A. K. A., Ali, H.A., Raihan, S.Z, Ali, M.S., Nahar, L., and Sarker, S.D. 2009. Antibacterial activity of two limonoids from Swietenia mahagoni against multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. J Nat Med. 63: 41–45.Yadav, L.D.S. 2005. Organic spectroscopy. Allahabad: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Dewanjee, S., Maiti, A., Das, A.K., Mandal, S.C., and Dey, S.P. 2009. Swietenine: a potential oral hypoglycemic from swietenia macrophylla seed. Fitoterapia. 80: 249–251.Maiti, A., Dewanjee, S., and Sahu, R. 2009. Isolation of hypoglycemic phytoconstituent from Swietenia macrophylla Seeds, Phytother. Res. 23: 1731–1733.Marliana, S.D., Suryanti, V., and Suyono. 2005. Skrining fitokimia dan analisis kromatografi lapis tipis komponen kimia buah labu siam (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam ekstrak etanol, Biofarmasi. 3 (1): 26-31.Nurhayati, Siadi, K., and Harjono. 2012. Pengaruh konsentrasi natrium benzoat dan lama penyimpanan pada kadar fenolat total pasta tomat, Indo. J. Chem. Sci. Vol. 1 (2): 158-163.Siadi, K. 2012. Ekstrak bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) sebagai biopestisida yang efektif dengan penambahan larutan NaCl. Jurnal MIPA. 35 (1): 80-81.Klein, D.R. 2012. Organic chemistry. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S. 2001. Introduction to spectroscopy. London: Thomson Learning.Minaeva, V.A., Minaev, B.F., Baryshnikov, G.V., Romeyko, O.M., and Pittelkow, M. 2013. The FTIR spectra of substituted tetraoxa[8]circulenes and their assignments based on DFT calculations, Vibrational Spectroscopy. 65: 147–158.Mootoo, B.S., Ali, A, Motilal, R, Pingal, R, Ramlal, A, Khan, A, Reynolds, W.F, and McLean, S. 1999. Limonoids from Swietenia macrophylla and S. aubrevilleana. J. Nat. Prod. 62: 1514-1517.Lin, B.D., Yuan, T., Zhang, C.R., Dong, L., Zhang, B., Wu, Y., and Yue, J.M. 2009. Structurally diverse limonoids from the fruits of Swietenia mahagoni. J. Nat. Prod. 72: 2084–2090.Cheng, Y.B., Chien, Y.T., Lee, J.C., Tseng, C.K., Wang, H.C., Lo, W., Wu, Y.H., Wang, S.Y., Wu, Y.C., and Chang, F.R. 2014. Limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla with inhibitory activity against dengue virus 2. J. Nat. Prod. dx.doi.org/10.1021/np5002829.Zhang, W.M., Liu, J.Q., Deng, Y.Y., Xia, J.J., Zhang, R.N., Li, Z.R., and Qiu, M.H. 2014. Diterpenoids and limonoids from the leaves and twigs of Swietenia mahagoni. Nat. Prod. Bioprospect. 4:53–57.Ma, Y.Q., Jiang, K., Deng, Y., Guo, L., Wan, Y.Q., and Tan, C.H. 2017. Mexicanolide-type limonoids from the seeds of Swietenia macrophylla, Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, DOI: 10.1080/1028-6020.2017.1335715.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.Tan, Q.G., and Luo, X.D. 2011. Meliaceous limonoids: chemistry and biological activities. Chem. Rev., 111, 7437–7522.Fang, X., Di, Y. T, and Hao, X. J. 2011. The advances in the limonoid chemistry of the Meliaceae family. Current Organic Chemistry. 15: 1363-1391.Taylor, D. A. H. The chemistry of the limonoids from meliaceae. https://link.spri-nger.com/book-series/126. Accessed on 21 July 2017.Zang, Y., amd Xu, H. 2017. Recent progress in the chemistry and biology of limonoids. RSC Adv. 7: 35191–35220.

This study aims to determine the differences of learning outcomes between students that were performed using inquiry and student who were applied using problem based learning in classes of X SMA 2 Plakat Tinggi. This study also purposes to examine the effectiveness comparison between problem based learning and inquiry method. The research engages quantitative research with quasi-experimental type. Subject selection conducts match design. The population of this study were students of class X IPS in SMA 2 Plakat Tinggi which composed of three classes. The sample selection in this study engaged purposive sampling, hereby X IPS 3 was elected as experimental group 1 (Problem based learning) and class X IPS 1 as the experimental group 2 (Inquiry) class. Data collection technique performed in this study was learning outcomes in the form of written test. Data analysis technique was engaging independent sample t-test, which was followed by N increased and effect size extent. The findings are differences of learning outcomes improvement between students who studied utilizing inquiry method and students who were taught using problem based learning method. Problem based learning is more effective than inquiry in promoting Geography learning outcomes. This is indicated through calculation result upon effect size extent, where students who were taught using problem based learning method obtain a value of 4.185, larger compared to those who were treated using inquiry method which obtain a value of 3.462. Keywords: Inquiry, problem based learning, Geography References Agustini, D. M. (2017). PBL untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa Tunarungu Kelas IV A SLBN 2 Bantul. Widia Ortodidaktika, 6(4), 427-437. Alberta. (2004). Focus on Inquiry: A Teacher’s Guide to Implementing Inquiry Based Learning. Canada: Learning Resources Centre. Barret, T., & Moore, S. (2010). New Approaches to: Problem based learning Reveitalising Your Practice in Higher Education. New York: Routledge. Blessinger, P., & Carfora, J. M. (Eds.). (2014). Inquiry-based learning for the arts, humanities and social sciences: A conceptual and practical resource for educators. Emerald Group Publishing. Bridges, S., McGrath, C., & Whitehill, T. L. (Eds.). (2012). Problem-based learning in clinical education: The next generation (Vol. 8). Springer Science & Business Media. Chu, S. K. W., Reynolds, R. B., Tavares, N. J., Notari, M., & Lee, C. W. Y. (2017). 21st Century Skills Development Through Inquiry-Based Learning. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-2481-8 Cohen J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. New York, NY: Routledge Academic. Duran, M., & Dokme, L. (2016). The Effect of the Inquiry Based Learning Approach on Student’s Critical Thinking Skills. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 12(12), 2887-2908. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.02311a. Friesen, S., & David, S. (2013). Inquiry Based Learning Review. Calgary: University of Calgary. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312592892_Inquiry-Based_Learning_A_Review_of_the_Research_Literature. Goodman, D. (2018). Problem-Based Learning in the MPA Curiculum. Journal of Public Affrairs Education, 14(2), 253-270. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40215813. Grady, G.O., Elaine H.J.Y., Karen, P.L.G., & Henk, G.S. (2012).One Day One Problem an Approach to Problem Based Learning. Singapore: Springer. Handoyono, N.A. (2016). Pengaruh Inquiry Learning Dan Problem-Based Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar PKKR Ditinjau dari Motivasi Belajar. Jurnal Pendidikan Vokasi, 6(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpv.v6i1.8114. Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn?. Educational psychology review, 16(3), 235-266. McKeown, T. R., Abrams, L. M., Slattum, P. W., & Kirk, S. V. (2015). Enhancing Teacher Beliefs through an Inquiry-Based Professional Development Program. Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health, 2(1), 85. doi:10.21891/jeseh.30143 Minner, D. D., Levy, A. J., & Century, J. (2010). Inquiry-based science instruction-what is it and does it matter? Results from a research synthesis years 1984 to 2002. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 47(4), 474–496. doi:10.1002/tea.20347 Mundilarto. (2013). Keefektifan Pembelajaran Inquiry Based Learning untuk Peningkatan Karakter Siswa pada Pembelajaran Fisika. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan. Retrieved from https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/cp/article/download/1483/pdf. Seng, T.O. (2009). Problem Based Learningand Creativty. Singapore: Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd. Simone, C.D. (2014). Problem Based Learning in Teacher Education: Trajectories of Change. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(12).Retrieved from http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_4_No_12_October_2014/3.pdf. Smith, R.S., & Walker, R. (2010). Can Inquiry-Based Learning Strengthen the Links between Teaching and Disciplinary Research? Studies in Higher Education, 35(6), 723-740. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070903315502. Sumaatmadja, N. (2001). Metode Pengajaran Geografi. Jakarta: BumiAksara. Suprijono, A. (2015). Cooperative Learning Teori & Aplikasi Paikem. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Trianto. (2010). Model Pembelajaran Terpadu: Konsep, Strategi, dan Implementasinya dalamKurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP). Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Unver, A.O., & Sertac, A. (2011).Ovierviews on Inquiry Based and Problem Based Learning Methods. Western Anatolia Journal of Educational Science, 303-309. Retrieved from http://webb.deu.edu.tr/baed/giris/baed/ozel_sayi/303-310.pdf. Warner, R.M. (2008). Applied Statistic. USA: Sage Publications. Westwood, P.S. (2008).What the Teacher Need to Know About Teaching Methods. Camberwell, V: Acer Press. Whitcombe S.W. (2013) Problem-based Learning Students’ Perceptions of Knowledge and Professional Identity: Occupational Therapists as ‘Knowers’, British Journal of Occupational Therapy,76(1), 37-42 Wijayanti, A., & Wulandari, T. (2016). Efektivitas Model CTL dan Model PBL terhadap Hasil Belajar IPS. Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS, 3(2), 112. doi:10.21831/hsjpi.v3i2.7908 Yew, E.H.J., & Karen, G. (2016). Problem-Based Learning: An Overview of its Process and Impact on Learning. Journal Health Professions Education, 2(2), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2016.01.004\. Yuniawati. (2016). Peningkatan Kualitas Pembelajaran PPKN Melalui Penerapan Problem Based Learning di SMP. Jurnal Pendidikan IPS. Retrieved from https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/hsjpi/article/view/7947/8576. Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

The effects of biochar and biochar combined with N-fertilizer on the content of soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates were investigated. A field experiment was conducted with different biochar application rates: B0 control (0 t ha-1), B10 (10 t ha-1) and B20 (20 t ha-1) and 0 (no N), 1st and 2nd levels of nitrogen fertilization on silt loam Haplic Luvisol (Dolna Malanta, Slovakia), in 2014. The N doses of level 1 were calculated on required average crop production using balance method. Level 2 included additional 100% of N in year 2014 and additional 50% of N in year 2016. The effects were investigated during the growing seasons of spring barley and spring wheat in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Results indicate that the B20N2 treatment significantly increased the proportion of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) and reduced water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi). Aggregate stability increased only in the B20N1 treatment. The B20N2 treatment showed a robust decrease by 27% in the WSAma of 0.5-0.25 mm. On the other hand, an increase by 56% was observed in the content of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm compared to the B0N0 treatment. The effect of N fertilizer on WSAma was confirmed only in the case of the B10N2 treatment. The proportion of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm decreased by 42%, while the size fraction of 0.5-0.25 mm increased by 30% compared to the B10N0 treatment. The content of WSAma with fractions 1-0.5 mm decreased with time. On the contrary, the content of WSAma with particle sizes above 5 mm increased with time in all treatments except the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments. A statistically significant trend was identified in the proportion of WSA in the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments, which indicates that biochar with higher application levels of N fertilizer stabilizes the proportion of water-stable aggregates. In all treatments, the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile carbon (CL) in WSAmi was lower than those in WSAma. A considerable decrease of SOC in the WSAma >5 mm and an increase of SOC in WSAmi were observed when biochar was applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. Contents of SOC in WSAmi increased as a result of adding biochar combined with N fertilizer at first level. CL in WSA significantly increased in all size fractions of WSA.References Abiven S., Hund A., Martinsen V., Cornelissen G., 2015. Biochar amendment increases maize root surface areas and branching: a shovelomics study in Zambia. Plant Soil, 342, 1-11. Agegnehu G., Bass A.M., Nelson P.N., and Bird M.I., 2016. Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar–compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil. Sci. Tot. Environ., 543, 295-306. Angers D.A., Samson N., Legere A., 1993. 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In this work, we investigate subluminal and superluminal light propagation in a vee-type three-level atomic medium under an external magnetic field. The dispersion and absorption behaviors are studied for the cases of absence and presence of a magnetic field. It is found that under an electromagnetically induced transparency condition, the light pulse can be switched between subluminal and superluminal propagation by ON-OFF switching of the magnetic field. Finally, the transient response of the medium is discussed, which shows that the considered scheme has potential applications in magneto-optic switching devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesBoller K J, Imamoglu A, Harris S E, "Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2593. CrossRef Fleischhauer M, Imamoglu A, Marangos J P, "Electromagnetically induced transparency: Optics in coherent media", Rev. Mod. Phys. 77 (2005) 633. CrossRef L.V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton, C.H. Bejroozi, "Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas", Nature, 397 (1999) 594. CrossRef Z. Dutton, N.G.C. Slowe, L.V. Hau, "The art of taming light: ultra-slow and stopped light", Europhysics News, 35 (2004) 33. CrossRef V. Bharti, V. Natarajan, "Sub- and super-luminal light propagation using a Rydberg state", Opt. Commun. 392 (2017) 180-184. CrossRef Khoa D X, Doai L V, Son D H and Bang N H, "Enhancement of self-Kerr nonlinearity via electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-level cascade system: an analytical approach", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 31 (2014) 1330. CrossRef Hamedi H R, Gharamaleki A H, and Sahrai M, "Colossal Kerr nonlinearity based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a five-level double-ladder atomic system", Appl. Opt 22 (2016) 5892. CrossRef A. Fountoulakis, A.F. Terzis, E. Paspalakis, "All-optical modulation based on electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Lett. A 374, (2010) 3354. CrossRef Khoa D X, Doai L V, Mai Anh L. N, Trung L. C, Thuan P. V, Dung N. T, and Bang N. H, J. "Optical bistability in a five-level cascade EIT medium: an analytical approach", Opt. Soc. Am. B, 33 (2016) 735. CrossRef Hoang Minh Dong, and Nguyen Huy Bang, "Controllable optical switching in a closed-loop three-level lambda system", Phy. Scr. 94, (2019) 115510. CrossRef Dong H M, Doai L V, Sau V N, Khoa D X and Bang N H, "Propagation of a laser pulse in a three-level cascade atomic medium under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency", Photonics Letter of Poland, 3 (2016) 73. CrossRef Khoa D X, Dong H M, Doai L V and Bang N H, "Propagation of laser pulse in a three-level cascade inhomogeneously broadened medium under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions", Optik 131 (2017) 497. CrossRef H. M. Dong, L.V. Doai, and N.H. Bang, "Pulse propagation in an atomic medium under spontaneously generated coherence, incoherent pumping, and relative laser phase", Opt. Commun. 426 (2018) 553-557. CrossRef Jiahua Li, Rong Yu, Liugang Si, and Xiaoxue Yang, "Propagation of twin light pulses under magneto-optical switching operations in a four-level inverted-Y atomic medium", J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 (2010) 065502. CrossRef S. H. Asadpour, H. R. Soleimani, "Polarization dependence of optical bistability in the presence of external magnetic field", Opt. Commun 310 (2014) 120-124. CrossRef H.M. Dong, L.T.Y. Nga, and N.H. Bang, "Optical switching and bistability in a degenerated two-level atomic medium under an external magnetic field", App. Opt. 58, (2019) 4192. CrossRef H. M. Dong, L. T. Y. Nga, D. X. Khoa, N. H. Bang, "Controllable ultraslow optical solitons in a degenerated two-level atomic medium under EIT assisted by a magnetic field", Sci. Rep. 10 (2020) 15298. CrossRef Daniel A. Steck, "Rubidium 87D Line Data," http://steck.us/alkalidata. CrossRef

Parental Involvement in their children's schooling has long been recognized as a critical component of good education. This study aims to find out the relationship between socioeconomic status, interpersonal communication, and school climate with parental involvement in early childhood education. Using survey and correlational research design, data collection was carried out through accumulation techniques with tests and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used statistical analysis and multiple regressions. The findings in the socio-economic context of parents show that the measure of power is an indicator in the very high category with a total score of 5, while the measures of wealth, honour and knowledge are included in the high category with a total score of 4 in relation to parental involvement. The form of interpersonal communication, the openness of parents in responding happily to information / news received from schools about children is a finding of a significant relationship with parental involvement in early childhood education. The school climate describes the responsibility for their respective duties and roles, work support provided, and interpersonal communication relationships, parents at home and teachers at school. Keywords: Socio-economic Status, Interpersonal Communication, Climate School, Parental Involvement, Early Childhood Education References Amato, P. R. (2005). The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation. The Future of Children, 15(2), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2005.0012 Arnold, D. H., Zeljo, A., Doctoroff, G. L., & Ortiz, C. (2008). Parent Involvement in Preschool: Predictors and the Relation of Involvement to Preliteracy Development. 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Abstract Background: Clonal chromosome aberrations in Philadelphia chromosome-negative metaphases (CCA/Ph-) occur in a subset of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. A shorter survival was reported for "non -Y" CCA/Ph- cases (Issa et al. Blood 2017). Besides -Y, the most frequent CCA/Ph- is +8, but a broad spectrum of other abnormalities can be found, including 7q-/-7, which is a typical aberration of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In previous analyses we had shown an increased number of molecular genetic aberrations in CCA/Ph- compared to non-CCA/Ph- patients (Schnittger et al. ASH 2013, 2014). However, the clinical impact and the evolution of the mutation pattern is largely unknown. Here we extended follow-up and genetic characterization of the initial CCA/Ph- cohort. Aim: To determine the pattern of molecular mutations and their evolution To determine if mutations are part of the Ph+ or Ph- clone Patients and Methods: We included 52 CCA/Ph- patients (female: 25; male 27), with a median age of 58 [33-81] years, and a median BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratio of 4.322% [0-58.088%] (N.A. for 4 pts.) at the time of initial CCA/Ph- detection. The following CCA/Ph- were present: trisomy 8 (n=26), other trisomies (n=4), -Y (n=7), del(7q)/-7 (n=4), others (n=7), two CCA/Ph- (n=4). We performed sequencing of myeloid gene panels on follow-up samples (1 to 3 per patient) on Illumina's MiSeq and NextSeq instruments (library preparation: 29-gene panel Thunderstorm RainDance [Lexington, MA] or 28-gene panel TruSeq [Illumina, San Diego, CA]). Data was analyzed with SeqNext (JSI Medical Systems, Kippenheim, Germany). Detected mutations were monitored on additional time points to determine variant allele frequency (VAF: mutated/all reads) development. A reference cohort of 47 patients with no sign of CCA/Ph- after MMR achievement was presented as part of our initial study (Schnittger et al. ASH 2014). Results: Cytogenetic monitoring was available over a median period of 31 [0-126] months for the CCA/Ph- and 26 [12-85] months for the reference cohort. Of the CCA/Ph- patients, 5/52 (10%) acquired additional typical aberrations as CCA/Ph- clone (incl. one -7), while in the reference cohort only one of 47 (2%) patients developed a -Y clone (n.s.). On the molecular level, we conducted a median follow-up of 72 [9-150] months for the CCA/Ph- cohort (mutations and BCR-ABL1/ABL1 ratio). Following the CCA/Ph- detection, somatic mutations were found in 30/52 (58%) patients (up to 4 per patient): ASXL1 (n=13), DNMT3A (n=10), TET2 (n=6), NRAS (n=3), RUNX1 (n=3), non-recurrent (n=8). The VAF of 7 mutations was strongly correlated to the BCR-ABL1 ratio and thus most likely present in the Ph+ clone. Mutations in ASXL1 were present in the Ph+ clone in five patients, of whom four never reached MMR, while 6/8 patients with ASXL1 mutations in Ph-independent clones achieved MMR under first- or second-line TKI therapy. Molecular genetic aberrations in Ph- cells were found in 23/52 (42%) CCA/Ph- patients, but only in 2 of 47 (4%) cases of the non-CCA/Ph- cohort (p<0.001). Importantly, in the reference cohort only TET2 and DNMT3A mutations were identified, which is the typical pattern in age related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH) and also found in older individuals without a hematological malignancy. In the CCA/Ph- cohort, eight of 23 (35%) showed only TET2 or DNMT3A mutations. However, a highly predictive mutation signature for development of a myeloid malignancy (according to Malcovati et al. Blood 2017) was found in 8/23 (35%). In addition, of three NRAS positive CCA/Ph- cases, one was diagnosed with MDS/MPN overlap (also CALR positive) and two developed s-AML during the follow-up period and the NRAS VAF had increased to ≥35% at our last monitoring time point. Conclusions: ASXL1 mutations can occur in the Ph- as well as in the Ph+ clone and are associated with a poor TKI response, if present in the Ph+ clone. Molecular mutations are significantly more frequent in CCA/Ph- than in non-CCA/Ph-. While the mutation pattern in non-CCA/Ph- resembles ARCH, the spectrum in CCA/Ph- includes a higher risk pattern for development of a myeloid malignancy. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate the clinical impact of mutations acquired during the course of CML in order to determine which mutation pattern is related to a higher incidence of secondary myeloid malignancies. Disclosures Baer: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Kern:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment, Equity Ownership.

В статье кратко изложены основные результаты и перспективные направления изучения ботайской культуры коллективом Международной комплексной казахстанско-британской археологической экспедиции. Особое внимание в статье уделено освещению большой работы, проведенной западными учеными под руководством Алана Оутрама на поселении Ботай по анализу археозоологических, химико-физических и биологических источников из культурного слоя памятника. Библиографические ссылки 1. Зайберт В.Ф. Ботайская культура. Алматы: «КазАкпарат», 2009. 576 с. 2. Захарук Ю.Н. Историзм: проблемы археологии и этнографии // Историзм археологии: методические проблемы: тез. докл. конф. М., 1976. С. 6-10. 3. Левин М. Истоки конного хозяйства на евразийской степи // Поздняя доисторическая эксплуатация евразийской степи. Левин М., Рассамакин Ю., Кисленко А., Татаринцева Н. (ред.). Кембридж: Институт Макдональда, 1999. С. 5-58. 4. Левин М. Изучение критериев раннего приручения лошадей // Следы предков: исследования в честь Колина Ренфрю. Джонс М. (изд.). Кембридж: Институт Макдональда, 2004. С. 115-26. 5. Массон В.М. Основные направления культурно-исторического процесса // Становление производства в эпоху энеолита и бронзы: по материалам Южного Туркменистана. М.: «Наука», 1981. С. 35-48. 6. Токарев С.А. Проблемы типов этнических общностей (к методологическим проблемам этнографии) // Вопросы философии. 1964. № 11. С. 48-59. 7. Хотинский Н.А. Голоцен Северной Евразии: опыт трансконтинентальной корреляции этапов развития растительности и климата (К X Конгрессу YNAUA (Великобритания, 1977); 8). М.: «Наука», 1977. С. 13-16. 8. Чубарьян А.О. Опыт мировой истории и идеологии обновления // Всеобщая история: дискуссии, новые подходы. М., 1989. Вып. 1. С. 7-17. 9. Arnaud F., Poulenard J., Giguet-Covex C., Wilhelm B., Révillon S., Jenny J.P., Revel M., Enters D., Bajard M., Fouinat L., Doyen E. Erosion under climate and human pressures: An alpine lake sediment perspective // Quaternary Science Reviews. 2016. 152. P. 1-18. 10. Bendrey R. New methods for the identification of evidence for bitting on horse remains from archaeological sites // JAS. 2007. 34 (7). P. 1036-1050. 11. French C., Kousoulakou M. Geomorphological and micromorphological investigations of palaeosols, valley sediments and a sunken floored dwelling at Botai, Kazakhstan // Levine M.A., Renfrew C., Boyle K.V. (eds). Prehistoric Steppe Adaptation and the Horse. Cambridge: McDonald Institute, 2003. P. 105-114. 12. Jones M.A., Hunt H.A., Kneale C.A., Lightfoot E.M., Lister D.I., Liu X.I., Motuzaite-Matuzeviciute G.I. Food globalisation in prehistory: The agrarian foundations of an interconnected continent // Journal of the British Academy. 2016. 4. P. 73-87. 13. O’Connell T., Levine M., Hedges R. The importance of fish in the diet of Central Eurasian peoples from the Mesolithic to the Early Iron Age // Levine M., Renfrew C., Boyle K. (eds) Prehistoric Steppe Adaptation and the Horse. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2003. P. 253-268. 14. Olsen S.A., Bradley B., Maki D., Outram A. Community organization among Copper Age sedentary horse pastoralists of Kazakhstan // Peterson D.L., Popova L.M., Smith A.T. (eds) Beyond the steppe and the sown: Proceedings of the 2002 University ofChicago Conference on Eurasian Archaeology. Leiden: Brill, 2006. P. 89-111. 15. Outram A.K., Stear N. A., Bendrey R., Olsen S., Kasparov A., Zaibert V., Thorpe N., Evershed R.P. The earliest horse harnessing and milking // Science. 2009. 323 (5919). P. 1332-1335. 16. Outram A.K. Animal Domestications // Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers. Cumming V., Jordan P., Zvelebil M. (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. P. 749-763. 17. Outram A.K. Pastoralism // The Cambridge World History, Vol. II: A World with Agriculture, 12,000 BCE – 500 CE. Barker G., Goucher C. (eds). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. P. 161-185. 18. Seetah K., Cucchi T., Dobney K., Barker G. A geometric morphometric re-evaluation of the use of dental form to explore population differences in horses (Equus caballus) and its potential zooarchaeological application // JAS. 2014. 41. P. 904-910. 19. Stear N.A. Changing patterns of animal exploitation in the prehistoric Eurasian steppe: an integrated molecular, stable isotope and archaeological approach. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Bristol, 2008.

ABSTRACT Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is an important forage crop that has been proposed as a potential feedstock for bioenergy production. However, weed interference is a major factor limiting elephant grass production. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 to evaluate preemergence herbicides for selective weed control in an elephant grass pasture. Herbicide treatments included atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, diuron + hexazinone, sulfentrazone, imazethapyr, and atrazine at label use rates. Weedy and weed-free treatments were included. Atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, and atrazine did not cause phytotoxicity on elephantgrass 35 days after treatment (DAT). However, diuron + hexazinone and imazethapyr were the most phytotoxic on elephantgrass, resulting in 81 and 70% phytotoxicity in 2014, and 7 and 6% phytotoxicity in 2015 respectively 35 DAT. All treatments provided effective weed control (>81%) with the exception of ethoxysulfuron (0 and 11% in 2014 and 2015, respectively), and atrazine (59% in 2014). These results show that atrazine + S-metolachlor, atrazine + simazine, ametryn, ethoxysulfuron, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, and atrazine were selectives when applied in preemergence in elephant grass pasture.

Objective The SENTINEL1 observational study characterized confirmed respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations (RSVH) among U.S. preterm infants born at 29 to 35 weeks' gestational age (wGA) not receiving respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis (IP) during the 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016 RSV seasons. Study Design All laboratory-confirmed RSVH at participating sites during the 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016 RSV seasons (October 1–April 30) lasting ≥24 hours among preterm infants 29 to 35 wGA and aged <12 months who did not receive RSV IP within 35 days before onset of symptoms were identified and characterized. Results Results were similar across the two seasons. Among infants with community-acquired RSVH (N = 1,378), 45% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 19% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). There were two deaths. Infants aged <6 months accounted for 78% of RSVH observed, 84% of ICU admissions, and 91% requiring IMV. Among infants who were discharged from their birth hospitalization during the RSV season, 82% of RSVH occurred within 60 days of birth hospitalization discharge. Conclusion Among U.S. preterm infants 29 to 35 wGA not receiving RSV IP, RSVH are often severe with almost one-half requiring ICU admission and about one in five needing IMV.

Utvecklingen i praxis på kombinationsfullmaktens område visar att ställningsfullmakten i 10 § 2 st. AvtL inte fullt ut kunnat tillvarata tredje mans intresse på ett önskvärt sätt. Bestämmelsen har framförallt visat sig vara otillräcklig i de fall rättshandlingar företagits på högre hierarkisk nivå genom att det sällan hinner utvecklas någon sedvänja för sådant rättshandlande. Andra omständigheter i kombination med varandra har då ansetts kunna ersätta sedvanerekvisitet i 10 § 2 st. AvtL. Avgörande har varit om tredje man genom dessa omständigheter fått ett befogat intryck av mellanmannens behörighet. Rättsfiguren som kommit att kallas kombinationsfullmakt har präglat praxis enda fram till idag. I och med NJA 2013 s. 659 och NJA 2014 s. 684 har rättsfiguren dock fått en klarare struktur med en tydlig metod för hur prövningen av tredje mans befogade tillit ska ske. Metoden uppställer ett tydligt härrörandekrav och tillitskrav. Därtill uppställer HD i 2014 års fall ett krav på insikt hos huvudmannen, som innebär att han inte blir bunden om han inte måst inse att de omständigheter som härrör från honom kan ge tredje man det befogade intrycket av behörighet. Samtidigt har begreppet kombinationsfullmakt ersatts av tillitsfullmakten. Övergången till tillitsfullmakten torde inte innebära att den rättsfigur kombinationsfullmakten bygger på ändras nämnvärt. Dock synes det nya begreppet innefatta även överväganden som normalt sett faller inom toleransfullmakten.

Num mundo em profunda transformação, a educação precisa ser muito mais flexível, híbrida, digital, ativa, diversificada. Os processos de aprendizagem são múltiplos, contínuos, híbridos, formais e informais, organizados e abertos, intencionais e não intencionais. (MORAN, 2017, p.23)1 É fato que a busca constante por modelos de ensino e aprendizagem que forneçam informações importantes para o desenvolvimento de competências, habilidades e técnicas faz com que a Educação seja um ramo, no contexto da Ciência, em constante processo de movimento. A alteração do “modelo bancário” ensinado nas escolas pelos docentes ao longo dos anos, que traz o aluno como figura principal, agora o torna protagonista do seu próprio saber, dando assim autonomia para a construção de conhecimentos e, como consequência, altera o papel do professor, deixando este de ser o agente central do ato educativo para tornar-se mediador, apoiador, facilitador, guia, orientador e auxiliador no desenvolvimento do ensino e da aprendizagem. Certamente, a situação atual vivida pela sociedade mundial devido ao advento da pandemia de novo Coronavírus (COVID-19) acelerou a implantação de medidas mais ativas, dinâmicas e inovadoras para o ensino (escolar e universitário), alterando o espaço físico das instituições educacionais de ensino presencial com a adoção (emergencial) de educação em estilo remoto e ensino híbrido, utilizando-se ambas de diversas plataformas digitais on-line e metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem. Com base nas afirmativas de José Manuel Moran (2017), as quais são apresentadas na epígrafe-citação inicial deste prefácio e extraídas de seu texto científico autoral denominado “Metodologias ativas e modelos híbridos na educação”, é possível asseverar que as metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem e o modelo híbrido de educação estão inseridos no contexto educacional do século XXI, amplamente marcado pelo uso das Novas Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (NTDICs), o que 1 MORAN, J. M. Metodologias ativas e modelos híbridos na educação. In: YAEGASHI, S. et al (Orgs.). Novas tecnologias digitais: reflexões sobre mediação, aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. Curitiba: CRV, p.23-35, 2017. tem contribuído de forma significativa no enfrentamento dos problemas e na superação dos desafios atuais no campo da Educação. Esse novo modelo educacional exige a personalização do ensino, o que possibilita aos estudantes, pela mediação docente, elaborar estratégias e participar ativamente do processo educativo, utilizando, inclusive, diferentes ferramentas tecnológicas e somando novos aprendizados aos seus conhecimentos prévios. Nessa perspectiva, tem-se emergido, na contemporaneidade, diversas produções acadêmico-científicas que versam sobre as temáticas metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem e educação híbrida, colaborando assim para a difusão dos conhecimentos científicos e mobilização de práticas educativas inovadoras, tanto na escola de Educação Básica quanto na Educação Superior. Diante do panorama delineado, sentimo-nos muitíssimo honrados e agradecidos em organizar, prefaciar e publicar a presente coletânea científica intitulada METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS E ENSINO HÍBRIDO: POTENCIALIDADES E DESAFIOS, que compila um total de vinte e quatro artigos científicos alusivos ao tema trazido a lume, sob diferentes perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas, em que os(as) autores(as) e coautores(as) participantes – pesquisadores(as) em Educação, educomunicadores(as), educadores(as), docentes, professorandos(as) e demais intelectuais oriundos(as) de diferentes áreas do saber científico – procuram contribuir significativamente para a disseminação do conhecimento erudito educacional, oportunizando compartilhar estudos teóricos, pesquisas empíricas e experiências pedagógicas práticas de maneira enriquecedora, analítica e crítico-reflexiva. Os textos científicos aqui reunidos, que ora passam a ser de domínio público (acesso livre e integral), evidenciam como as metodologias ativas de ensino e aprendizagem estão sendo incorporadas nos diversos campos do conhecimento científico, tais como Educação, Engenharia, Saúde, entre outras; bem como o modo pelo qual tais metodologias inovadoras têm se mostrado eficazes e eficientes principalmente no âmbito dos estilos híbrido e remoto (on-line) de educação, os quais conquistaram muitos adeptos no período pré-pandemia de novo Coronavírus e (ainda) vem ganhando cada vez mais espaços no cenário (pós-)pandêmico do chamado “novo normal”. Longe de ter a pretensão de emitir juízo de valor hierárquico acerca da relevância dos vinte e quatro artigos científicos que engendram esta primorosa miscelânea literária, mas apenas por uma questão de ordenamento temático lógico, didático, pedagógico e metodológico, torna-se mister salientar que os capítulos textuais que compõem a presente obra científica se encontram sequencialmente organizados segundo os assuntos abordados, as áreas do saber científico envolvidas e/ou os níveis educacionais vinculados. Posto isto, aproveitamos o ensejo para, de forma reiterada, agradecer imensamente à Editora Amplla pela oportunidade de organizar, prefaciar e publicar em parceria esta belíssima obra científica, assim como a todos(as) os(as) autores(as) e coautores(as) que colaboraram com os seus primorosos artigos científicos para a construção coletiva de saberes educacionais ora disponibilizados neste livro. Sem mais delongas, almejamos sinceramente que este livro organizado e produzido por meio de muitas mãos e diferentes olhares possa ser de utilização recomendável no campo da Educação, bem como lido e relido quantas vezes forem necessárias, tornando-se um artefato sociocultural de suma importância para a elaboração de novos conhecimentos acadêmico-científicos nos mais diversos níveis e modalidades de ensino, assim como uma rica fonte de consulta (bibliográfica e eletrônica) para o desenvolvimento de futuros trabalhos científicos, teóricos e práticos, acerca da temática aqui abordada. Afinal de contas, mesmo em meio às limitações circunstanciais inerentes a todo ato educativo, as metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem e a educação híbrida estão aí, repletas de potencialidades, possibilidades, desafios e perspectivas. A cada leitor(a), em particular, o nosso cordial respeito. Abraços fraternos e excelentes leituras, estudos e pesquisas!

The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity to explore the Habitat debate within ISUF. We quest that within this concept, as placed by Moudon (1997) in her inaugural paper to Urban Morphology, there is an intrinsic call towards an equilibrium between the various dimensions of urban form and a trans-disciplinary approach to the study of urban form, which deserves further investigation.According to Whitehand (2012) specific constrains affected the full concretization of such trans-disciplinary efforts, namely the further specialization of the disciplinary areas. Moreover, as argued by Marat-Mendes (2016), the focus placed by urban morphology on the physical dimensions of urban form has been significantly higher than on the social or human dimensions of the urban form, thus affecting in turn the above-identified equilibrium. In order to contribute to such debate, this paper presents the results of an ongoing investigation (Marat-Mendes, Cabrita, 2015), which seeks to recuperate the concept of Habitat within urban morphology. To do that, it first identifies the concept of Habitat as it was first defined in a number of seminal works to urban morphology (Demangeon, 1926). Secondly, it exposes how did such concept evolved throughout specific historical, disciplinary and methodological contexts (Deyong, 2011). And thirdly, it reveals the impact that such evolution had on the various problematics and scales of approach by those to which the Habitat issue was central for the study of urban from, including some contemporary contributions from various interdisciplinary areas, which seem to be recuperating that concept, although not explicitly. References Demangeon, A. (1926) ‘Un Questionnaire sur L’Habitat Rural, Annales de Géographie 35 (196), 289-292. Deyong, S. (2011) ‘Planetary habitat: the origins of a phantom movement’ The Journal of Architecture 6 (2), 113-128. Moudon, A. V. (1997) ‘The need for a Habitat Agenda within Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 1 3-10. Marat-Mendes, T. (2016) ‘Physical, social and cultural dimensions of Urban Morphology: redressing the balance?’ Urban Morphology 20 (2)167-168. Marat-Mendes, T., Cabrita, M. A. (2015) ‘A Morfologia Urbana na Arquitectura em Portugal. Notas sobre uma abordagem tipo-morfológica’, in Oliveira et al. (eds.) O estudo da forma urbana em Portugal (UPorto, Porto) 65-94. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2012) ‘Issues in Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 16 (1), 55-65.

Uvod. Ciljevi istraživanja su prikazati podatke i rezultate dijagnoze i tretmana melanoma maksilofacijalne regije, evidentirane u desetogodišnjem periodu (2007–2017), prikazati spolnu i starosnu strukturu pacijenata s melanomom maksilofacijalne regije, uporediti stadije bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji i korelirati ih s Breslow i Clark klasifikacijama, korelirati prisustvo ili odsustvo limfovaskularne invazije sa stadijima bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji, broj recidiva bolesti korelirati sa stadijima bolesti po TNM klasifikaciji. Materijal i metode. Provedena je retrospektivna studija. U studiju su uključeni pacijenti s hirurški tretiranim melanomom maksilofacijalne regije liječeni u Kliničkom centru Univerziteta u Sarajevu na Klinici za maksilofacijalnu hirurgiju, u periodu od 2007. do 2017. godine. Rezultati. Od ukupnog broja hirurški tretiranih novih slučajeva melanoma maksilofacijalne regije (n=55) u desetogodišnjem periodu, 29 pacijenata (52,7%) su muškog spola. Postoji statistički značajna povezanost između muškog spola i smrtnog ishoda, χ2 (1)=4.097, p=0,043. S provedenim Hi-kvadrat testom i post-hoc analizom utvrđeno je postojanje statistički značajne razlike u medijani površine i veličine melanoma u odnosu na limfovaskularnu invaziju odstranjenje promjene, χ2 (2)=11.404, p=0,003, odnosno post-hoc kod melanoma bez limfovaskularne invazije (108 mm2 , IQR=35 to 266) i s limfovaskularnom invazijom (400 mm2 , 97,5 to 900) (p=0.003). Postoji statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između TNM klasifikacije i broja relapsa bolesti, rs (52)=0,465, p=0,001, te postoji statistički značajna pozitivna korelacija između stadija bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji i Breslow klasifikacije, rs (54)=0,679, p<0.001. Zaključci. Terapijski izbor u liječenju melanoma je hirurško odstranjenje tumora u cijelosti Melanom 59 uz patohistološku analizu. Gotovo podjednak broj pacijenata oboljelih od melanoma glave i vrata su i muškog i ženskog spola, pri čemu muški pacijenti imaju veću stopu smrtnosti. Biopsija, kao metoda uzimanja uzorka, nije kontraindicirana. Melanomi glave i vrata okarakterisani kao Breslow T1 i Clark I i II imaju dobru prognozu, s visokim stepenom izlječenja i niskom stopom relapsa bolesti. Stadij 3. i 4. bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji u direktnoj su vezi s višom Breslow klasifikacijom, a istovremeno povećavaju i broj relapsa bolesti. I prisustvo limfovaskularne invazije u direktnoj je vezi sa stadijem bolesti prema TNM klasifikaciji.

An experiment study on the cross flow-induced vibration of a flexible cylinder with two degrees of freedom had been conducted in a towing tank. The test cylinder was a 45 cm long Tygon tubing with outer and inner diameter of 7.9 mm (5/16 in) and 4.8 mm (3/16 in), giving a mass ratio of 0.77 and an aspect ratio of 56. It was towed from rest up to 1.6 m/s before slowing down to rest again over a distance of 1.6 m in still water, covering the range of Reynolds number from 1500 to 13000 and reduced velocity from 4 to 35. Multi-mode vibration and sudden shift between different modes were observed. The vibration amplitude, frequency and mode were quantified. The results obtained during the brief constant towing speed were expressed in term of the corresponding Reynolds number or reduced velocity. These findings were cast with respect to the existing knowledge in the literature.