Relevant bibliographies by topics / NIV therapy use

Academic literature on the topic 'NIV therapy use'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "NIV therapy use"

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Ciciretti, M. A., and L. Ratclif. "USE OF NIV IN THE DRAINING THERAPY: CLINICAL CASE." Journal of Cystic Fibrosis 7 (July 2008): S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1569-1993(08)60501-9.

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Wood, C., L. Morris, K. Raths, K. Waters, and K. Gray. "P165 Use of Initiation checklist to improve compliance with BPAP & CPAP." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.204.

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Abstract Introduction Studies have shown that processes used during initiation of non-invasive respiratory (NIV) therapies (including CPAP and BPAP) for children, can influence subsequent compliance with therapy. Methods We implemented a structured checklist as a way of standardising a number of the steps during initiation of NIV in our paediatric sleep medicine service. This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children initiated on NIV between Nov 2018 and Dec 2020. We hypothesised that our use of a structured approach to the initiation process, with electronic documentation, would indicate areas in the initiation process that are associated with improved compliance with the therapy, in the long term. Results Initial results revealed that 220 children were commenced on therapy during the 2-year study period (51 BPAP & 169 CPAP). Total numbers with forms present 136 (62%) and complete forms 56 (41%). Forty-six (90%) children commenced on BPAP had forms present and 34 (74%) were completed. Ninety (53%) children commenced on CPAP had forms present and 22 (25%) were completed. Further analyses will evaluate whether sections of the initiation process and checklist (day (of week) of discharge, in-patient vs HITH, attendance at 1st follow-up appointment, financial assistance, severity of disease, eligibility for government-funded equipment) influence compliance when monitored by download at the first, subsequent sleep study. Discussion Use of standardised processes during initiation of NIV therapies can aid in evaluation of the factors that positively influence subsequent compliance with therapy.
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Al-Mukhaini, Khaloud S., and Najwa M. Al-Rahbi. "Noninvasive Ventilation and High-Flow Nasal Cannulae Therapy for Children with Acute Respiratory Failure: An overview." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 18, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2018.18.03.003.

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Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the use of techniques to deliver artificial respiration to the lungs without the need for endotracheal intubation. As NIV has proven beneficial in comparison to invasive mechanical ventilation, it has become the optimal modality for initial respiratory support among children in respiratory distress. High-flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) therapy is a relatively new NIV modality and is used for similar indications. This review discusses the usefulness and applications of conventional NIV in comparison to HFNC.Keywords: Noninvasive Ventilation; Nasal Cannulae; Endotracheal Intubation; Mechanical Ventilation; Children.
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Bai, Linfu, Fei Ding, Weiming Xiong, Weiwei Shu, Lei Jiang, Yuliang Liu, and Jun Duan. "Early assessment of the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation tested by HACOR score to avoid delayed intubation in patients with moderate to severe ARDS." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 16 (January 2022): 175346662210810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17534666221081042.

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Background: Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in patients with moderate to severe ARDS is controversial. We aimed to use HACOR (combination of heart rate, acidosis, consciousness, oxygenation and respiratory rate) score to comprehensively assess the efficacy of NIV in ARDS patients with PaO2/FiO2 ⩽ 150 mmHg. Methods: Secondary analysis was performed using the data collected from two databases. We screened the ARDS patients who used NIV as a first-line therapy. Patients with PaO2/FiO2 ⩽ 150 mmHg were enrolled. NIV failure was defined as requirement of intubation. Results: A total of 224 moderate to severe ARDS patients who used NIV as a first-line therapy were enrolled. Of them, 125 patients (56%) experienced NIV failure and received intubation. Among the intubated patients, the survivor had shorter time from initiation of NIV to intubation than nonsurvivors (median 10 vs 22 h, p < 0.01). The median differences of HACOR score before and 1–2 h of NIV were 1 point (interquartile range: 0–3). We defined the patients with △HACOR >1 as responders (n = 102) and the rest to non-responders (n = 122). Compared to non-responders, the responders had higher HACOR score before NIV. However, the HACOR score was lower in the responders than non-responders after 1–2 h, 12 h, and 24 h of NIV. The responders also had lower NIV failure rate (36% vs 72%, p < 0.01) and lower 28-day mortality (32% vs 47%, p = 0.04) than non-responders. Conclusions: NIV failure was high among patients with moderate to severe ARDS. Delayed intubation is associated with increased mortality. The reduction of HACOR score after 1–2 h of NIV can identify the patients who respond well to NIV.
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Cuerpo, Sandra, Maria Palomo, Fernanda Hernández-González, Joel Francesqui, Nuria Albacar, Carmen Hernández, Isabel Blanco, Cristina Embid, and Jacobo Sellares. "Improving home oxygen therapy in patients with interstitial lung diseases: application of a noninvasive ventilation device." Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease 14 (January 2020): 175346662096302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753466620963027.

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Background: Proper adjustment of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) during daily activities in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) requiring long-term oxygen therapy is challenging. Given the multifactorial nature of the limited exercise tolerance in patients with ILDs, the isolated use of oxygen therapy may not be enough. As demonstrated previously in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the use of a noninvasive ventilation (NIV) device combined with oxygen therapy may prevent the falling of oxygen saturation during exercise, due to an improvement of the ventilation–perfusion ratio and a reduction of the respiratory work, thus enhancing exercise tolerance. We sought to assess in patients diagnosed with ILD who are in need of oxygen therapy, the effect of associating an NIV to improve oxygen parameters and the distance covered during the 6 min walking test (6MWT). Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in patients with ILDs. After a clinical characterization, we performed a 6MWT in two different situations: using a portable oxygen concentrator with the regular flow used by the patient during their daily life activities and afterwards adding the additional support of a NIV. The oxygen saturation parameters were registered with a portable oximeter. Results: We included 16 patients with different ILDs who have oxygen therapy prescribed. The use of NIV associated with oxygen therapy in comparison with the use of oxygen therapy alone showed an increase of the average SaO2 [91% (88–93) versus 88% (86–90%); p = 0.0005] and a decrease in the percentage of time with oxygen saturation <90%: 36% (6–56%) versus 58% (36–77%); p < 0.0001. There were no changes in the 6MWT distance: 307 m (222–419 m) versus 316 m (228–425 m); p = 0.10. Conclusions: In our study the use of a NIV system associated with long-term oxygen therapy during exercise showed beneficial effects, especially improvement of oxygen saturation. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Bedi, Prabhjot, Guillermo Hasbun, and Maria Castro-Codesal. "570 Comparing NIV Adherence in Early versus Advanced Stage Sleep Disordered Breathing for Children with Neuromuscular Disease." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.568.

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Abstract Introduction Children with neuromuscular disease (NMD) typically develop progressive sleep disordered breathing (SDB), including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), nocturnal hypoxemia and/or hypoventilation, due to loss of upper airway muscle tone and weakness of respiratory muscles. Commonly, the SDB initially presents during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, as this stage is associated with physiological muscle atonia, but then progresses to non-REM (NREM) sleep and ultimately daytime respiratory insufficiency. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is currently the treatment of choice for children with NMD and SDB. However, the use of NIV in REM-related SDB is less demonstrated and adequate therapy adherence is unclear. The aim of this study is to determine differences in NIV adherence in children with early (REM) versus advanced (non-REM) SDB. Methods Children (0–18 years) diagnosed with NMD and using NIV for the past 10 years were included. Demographic, clinical, technology-related, and sleep study data were collected from medical charts and polysomnography reports. Adherence data (mean hours of NIV use and % days NIV was used &gt;4hrs) were collected from NIV machine downloads. Children were categorized into two groups based on based on their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ratio between REM and NREM sleep. Children with REM-SDB were defined as a REM/NREM AHI ratio of ≥ 2. Children with NREM-SDB were defined as a REM/NREM AHI ratio &lt; 2. Results A total of 14 children (9 REM-SDB and 5 NREM-SDB) were included in the analysis. Both groups were comparable with respect to demographic, clinical, and technology-related characteristics. A total of 24 adherence reports were available for the cohort (16 REM-SDB and 8 NREM-SDB). The mean hours of NIV use per night was comparable between the REM-SDB and NREM-SDB groups (9.2±1.3hrs vs. 9.0±0.4hrs respectively), but the percent days NIV was used &gt;4hrs was higher in the NREM-SDB group (68.7±9.6 vs. 93.0±2.7, p=0.03). Conclusion NIV adherence was high for children with both REM-SDB and NREM-SDB. While hours of NIV use were comparable between both groups, suggesting good NIV tolerance through the night, children with REM-SDB had a lower percentage of days with NIV use &gt;4hr, suggesting less willingness to use the therapy. Support (if any):
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De Jong, Audrey, Helena Huguet, Nicolas Molinari, and Samir Jaber. "Non-invasive ventilation versus oxygen therapy after extubation in patients with obesity in intensive care units: the multicentre randomised EXTUB-OBESE study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): e052712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052712.

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IntroductionPatients with obesity are considered to be at high risk of acute respiratory failure (ARF) after extubation in intensive care unit (ICU). Compared with oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation (NIV) may prevent ARF in high-risk patients. However, these strategies have never been compared following extubation of critically ill patients with obesity. Our hypothesis is that NIV is associated with less treatment failure compared with oxygen therapy in patients with obesity after extubation in ICU.Methods and analysisThe NIV versus oxygen therapy after extubation in patients with obesity in ICUs protocol (EXTUB-obese) trial is an investigator-initiated, multicentre, stratified, parallel-group unblinded trial with an electronic system-based randomisation. Patients with obesity defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m² will be randomly assigned in the ‘NIV-group’ to receive prophylactic NIV applied immediately after extubation combined with high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) or standard oxygen between NIV sessions versus in the ‘oxygen therapy group’ to receive oxygen therapy alone (HFNO or standard oxygen,). The primary outcome is treatment failure within the 72 hours, defined as reintubation for mechanical ventilation, switch to the other study treatment, or premature study-treatment discontinuation (at the request of the patient or for medical reasons such as gastric distention). The single, prespecified, secondary outcome is the incidence of ARF until day 7. Other outcomes analysed will include tracheal intubation rate at day 7 and day 28, length of ICU and hospital stay, ICU mortality, day 28 and day 90 mortality.Ethics and disseminationThe study project has been approved by the appropriate ethics committee ‘Comité-de-Protection-des-Personnes Ile de FranceV-19.04.05.70025 Cat2 2019-A00956-51’. Informed consent is required. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at one or more scientific conferences. If use of NIV shows positive effects, teams (medical and surgical) will use NIV following extubation of critically ill patients with obesity.Trial registration numberNCT04014920.
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Daines, Benjamin, Nitish Mittal, Amr Ismail, and Gilbert Berdine. "Survival following initiation of non-invasive ventilation during hospitalization for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 9, no. 37 (January 28, 2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v9i37.793.

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Patients hospitalized with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure often have comorbidities and are at increased risk for mortality after discharge. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has become a common therapy for these patients to improve gas exchange both while hospitalized and after discharge. To understand the survival of hypercapnic respiratory failure patients started on home NIV therapy, a prospective study was conducted analyzing rate of survival and predictors of mortality. Patients had a significant one-year mortality rate of 16.7% ± 0.71%. Analysis of demographic and physiologic data revealed that the only significant predictor of mortality was hours of NIV use per day, with greater use associated with increased mortality. Although initial results indicate that NIV can be an effective long term therapy for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure, these patients remain at high risk of mortality and require regular monitoring. Continued study will increase this cohort and follow it for longer periods of time to better understand the predictors of mortality in patients hospitalized with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Key words: Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, noninvasive ventilation, hypercapnic respiratory failure
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Lockstone, Jane, Ianthe Boden, Iain K. Robertson, David Story, Linda Denehy, and Selina M. Parry. "Non-Invasive Positive airway Pressure thErapy to Reduce Postoperative Lung complications following Upper abdominal Surgery (NIPPER PLUS): protocol for a single-centre, pilot, randomised controlled trial." BMJ Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): e023139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023139.

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IntroductionPostoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are a common serious complication following upper abdominal surgery leading to significant consequences including increased mortality, hospital costs and prolonged hospitalisation. The primary objective of this study is to detect whether there is a possible signal towards PPC reduction with the use of additional intermittent non-invasive ventilation (NIV) compared with continuous high-flow nasal oxygen therapy alone following high-risk elective upper abdominal surgery. Secondary objectives are to measure feasibility of: (1) trial conduct and design and (2) physiotherapy-led NIV and a high-flow nasal oxygen therapy protocol, safety of NIV and to provide preliminary costs of care information of NIV and high-flow nasal oxygen therapy.Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre, parallel group, assessor blinded, pilot, randomised trial, with 130 high-risk upper abdominal surgery patients randomly assigned via concealed allocation to either (1) usual care of continuous high-flow nasal oxygen therapy for 48 hours following extubation or (2) usual care plus five additional 30 min physiotherapy-led NIV sessions within the first two postoperative days. Both groups receive standardised preoperative physiotherapy and postoperative early ambulation. No additional respiratory physiotherapy is provided to either group. Outcome measures will assess incidence of PPC within the first 14 postoperative days, recruitment ability, physiotherapy-led NIV and high-flow nasal oxygen therapy protocol adherence, adverse events relating to NIV delivery and costs of providing a physiotherapy-led NIV and a high-flow nasal oxygen therapy service following upper abdominal surgery.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the relevant institution and results will be published to inform future multicentre trials.Trial registration numberACTRN12617000269336; Pre-results.
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Patel, Shahid M., Girija P. Nair, Balaji G. Tuppekar, and Abhay G. Uppe. "Effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation in patients with type 2 respiratory failure." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210880.

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Background: Assess the use of non-invasive ventilation as an alternative way for ventilation in acute respiratory failure, determine factors that can predict the successful use of NIV, evaluate factors hindering success of NIV.Methods: Thirty hospitalised patients fulfilling inclusion criteria, diagnosed with Type II Respiratory Failure on ABG were recruited after obtaining an informed written consent. Complete history and detailed physical examination were followed by routine investigations.Results: Comparison of the pH on admission with the pH after 1st hour of NIV, the latter showed statistically significant improvement. Drop in PaCo2 and rise in PaO2 on ABG from admission and after stopping NIV was statistically significant. Patients with lower MMRC grade and severe cough showed significant improvement in pH, however patient with higher emergency visits and past hospitalisation showed less improvement in pH, after 1 hour of NIV therapy. A total 4 patients were intubated, with mean pH of 7.22, 3 out of them had higher emergency visits, 2 out of them had ICU admission.Conclusions: NIV treatment for COPD with type II respiratory failure avoids intubation, reduces complications and should be considered as first line therapy instead of ET intubation. Lower mMRC grade, lesser hospitalizations, lesser emergency visits, higher BMI, symptoms like cough, can have a positive predictive value for the outcome of NIV.
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Books on the topic "NIV therapy use"

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National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Management of Hepatitis C (1997 National Institutes of Health). NIH Consensus Development Conference on Management of Hepatitis C: [program and abstracts]. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, Continuing Medical Education, 1997.

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National Institutes of Health Technology Assessment Conference (1995 Bethesda, Md.). NIH Technology Assessment Conference on Gaucher Disease: Current Issues in Diagnosis and Treatment : NIH Technology Assessment Conference, February 27-March 1, 1995, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, Masur Auditorium, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. [Bethesda, Md: The Institutes, 1995.

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Weiting, Su, ed. Yi shen yi niu zhi suan tong: 10 miao shu huan ju bu suan tong no liao yu xi shuang chong shen zhan cao. Xinbei Shi: Feng shu fang wen hua chu ban she, 2014.

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NIH Consensus Development Conference on Effective Medical Treatment of Heroin Addiction (1997 National Institutes of Health). NIH Consensus Development Conference on Effective Medical Treatment of Heroin Addiction: November 17-19, 1997, William H. Natcher Conference Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. : [program and abstracts]. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, Continuing Medical Education, 1997.

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author, Shima Taizō 1946, and Zheng Shibin translator, eds. Mo fa hui zheng shu: Yao, jian, xi gai, "niu zhuan" jiu zhi de hao! = Koshi kata hiza wa nejitte naosu : mahō no risetto torēningu. Xinbei Shi: Jing guan chu ban you xian gong si, 2016.

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Spoletini, Giulia, and Nicholas S. Hill. Non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0090.

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Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has been increasingly used over the past decades to avoid endotracheal intubation (ETI) in critical care settings. In selected patients with acute respiratory failure, NIV improves the overall clinical status more rapidly than standard oxygen therapy, avoids ETI and its complications, reduces length of hospital stay, and improves survival. NIV is primarily indicated in respiratory failure due to acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and associated with immunocompromised states. Weaker evidence supports its use in other forms of acute hypercapnic and hypoxaemic respiratory failure. Candidates for NIV should be carefully selected taking into consideration the risk factors for NIV failure. Patients on NIV who are unstable or have risk factors for NIV failure should be monitored in an intensive or intermediate care units by experienced personnel to avoid delay when intubation is needed. Stable NIV patients can be monitored on regular wards.
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Macagno, Francesco, and Massimo Antonelli. Therapeutic strategy in acute or chronic airflow limitation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0112.

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The fragility of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) accounts for their frequent hospitalization and their high intensive care unit risk. Therapy for AECOPD is varied and the need for hospitalization must be always carefully evaluated, considering the risk factors related to the presence of multi-resistant pathogens or the need of invasive procedures. The prolonged use of oxygen therapy requires an accurate monitoring of blood gases and continuous oximetry. Inhalation therapy can be performed using nebulizers, predosed aerosols or powders for inhalation. Corticosteroids for oral and systemic use now play an established role in AECOPD, because bacterial infections account for 50% of exacerbations. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) must be considered the first option in AECOPD patients and acute respiratory failure if there are no contraindications. The careful monitoring of the patient and the response to NIV are indispensable elements for therapeutic success.
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Harris, John, and David R. Lawrence. New Technologies, Old Attitudes, and Legislative Rigidity. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.58.

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Two genetic technologies capable of making heritable changes to the human genome have revived interest in, and in some quarters a very familiar panic concerning, so-called germline interventions. These technologies are most recently the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to edit genes in non-viable IVF zygotes and Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT). The possibility of using either of these techniques in humans has encountered the most violent hostility and suspicion. Here, we counter the stance of the US NIH and its supporters by showing that differing global moralities are free to exist unimpeded under international biolaw regimes, which do not in any way represent unified opinion against such technologies. Furthermore, we suggest a more rational approach to evaluating them through analysis of similar technologies which have caused past controversy.
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Book chapters on the topic "NIV therapy use"

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Scala, Raffaele. "Use of NIV in Non-surgery Procedures in Elderly (Sedation, Bronchoscopy, Gastroscopy)." In Ventilatory Support and Oxygen Therapy in Elder, Palliative and End-of-Life Care Patients, 143–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26664-6_18.

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Hatipoglu, Zehra, and Dilek Ozcengiz. "Use of NIV in Surgery Procedures in Elderly (Noninvasive Surgery): Continuous Spinal Anesthesia." In Ventilatory Support and Oxygen Therapy in Elder, Palliative and End-of-Life Care Patients, 155–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26664-6_19.

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Vargas, Nicola, and Antonio Esquinas. "Recommendations: European and Non-European Perspectives About the use of NIV in the Palliative and Elderly Context." In Ventilatory Support and Oxygen Therapy in Elder, Palliative and End-of-Life Care Patients, 409–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26664-6_45.

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Hainfeld, J. F., and H. M. Smilowitz. "Gold Nanoparticles and Infrared Heating: Use of wIRA Irradiation." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 117–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_9.

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AbstractwIRA-transparent small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were shown to be shifted to wIRA absorbing when targeted to receptors on tumor cells and aggregated in the tumor cell by enzyme degradation and pH effects. In this way, AuNPs loaded into mouse-grown subcutaneous tumors after both direct intratumoral and intravenous injections cured tumors after either wIRA treatment ablation or wIRA treatment combined with X-ray irradiation. Some GNP constructs, e.g., nanoshells and nanorods, have already progressed to veterinary and human clinical trials. If AuNP/NIR therapy is proven to be useful to treat an appropriately superficial human tumor, the use of the wIRA radiator might make such therapy accessible to large numbers of patients in low- and middle-income countries that lack access to very high-tech expensive therapies.
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Pereira, Mónica Helena Correia, João Miguel Bettencourt Sena Carvalho, Paula Maria Gonçalves Pinto, and Maria do Carmo Oliveira Cordeiro. "Inhalotherapy in Noninvasive Ventilation." In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 180–92. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3531-8.ch011.

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The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has markedly increased over the last decades, and NIV has now become an important alternative to invasive ventilation and has gained popularity particularly as treatment option for patients with obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory failure. The most prominent forms of NIV are noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) and the recently introduced high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy. Many patients who received NIV may also benefit from the administration of pharmaceutical aerosols, typically bronchodilators, which are best delivered without interrupting respiratory support. For example, nowadays, the use of NIV is considered the standard of care for some forms of acute respiratory failure such as COPD exacerbation and acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Patients with COPD exacerbation also benefit from inhaled bronchodilator therapy.
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Elliyanti, Aisyah. "Radioiodine for Graves’ Disease Therapy." In Graves' Disease [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96949.

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Radioiodine-131 (RAI) is an isotope of the chemical element iodine and is commonly used for hyperthyroidism, including Graves’ disease. It is given orally, and its concentration in the thyroid gland. The RAI transport involves a natrium iodide symporter (NIS) role that brings two cations sodium (Na+) and one anion of iodide (I-) across the membrane. The process is facilitated by the enzyme Na+/K+ ATPase. RAI is a beta (β) and gamma (γ) particles emitter. β particle is used for therapy and γ particle for imaging (theranostic). β particle inhibits cell growth by inducing cell death through apoptosis or necrosis of some of the sufficient thyroid cells. The aim of RAI therapy in Graves’ disease is to control hyperthyroidism and render the patient hypothyroidism. It is easier to manage patients with hypothyroidism with levothyroxine and fewer complications. This review will focus on RAI’s therapeutic approach in Graves’ disease, including patient preparation, selecting activity dose, adverse events, contraindication, controversies issues such as malignancy and fertility, the follow-up to ensuring the patient remains euthyroid or need a replacement therapy if they become hypothyroidism. RAI therapy is safe as definitive therapy and cost-effective for Graves’ disease therapy.
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Patel, Alkeshkumar. "Drug Repurposing in Oncotherapeutics." In Drug Repurposing - Hypothesis, Molecular Aspects and Therapeutic Applications. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92302.

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Repurposing or repositioning means validating and application of previously approved drugs in the treatment of another disease that might be relevant or irrelevant to existing use in disease based on the principle of polypharmacology. Repurposed drugs are already well documented for pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, drug interaction, and toxicity parameters. In 1962, thalidomide treatment in pregnant women led to phocomelia in their newborn but while repurposed based on anti-angiogenesis property, it showed efficacy in hematologic malignancies like multiple myeloma. The repurposing is becoming an essential tool in the anti-cancer drug development due to existing drugs are not effective, high cost of treatment, therapy may degrade the quality of life, improvement of survival after treatment is not guaranteed, relapse may occur, and drug resistance may develop due to tumor heterogeneity. Repurposing can be addressed well with the help of literature-based discovery, high throughput technology, bioinformatics multi-omics approaches, side effects, and phenotypes. Many regulatory bodies like EML, NIH, and FDA promote repurposing programs that support the identification of alternative uses of existing medicines. Cancer becomes the major health issue, and the need to discover promising anti-cancer drugs through repurposing remains very high due to decline in FDA approval since 1990, huge expenses incurred in the drug development and prediction of dangerous future burden.
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Julies, Anthony. "Alternative Utilizations of Government Guarantees." In Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Future of Africa and Policy Development, 98–118. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8771-3.ch006.

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The potential catalytic role of sovereign guarantees as a public finance management (PFM) instrument of government to assess sovereign credit rating outcomes is explored. The New Institutional Economics (NIE) framework offers alternative considerations in this regard. The use of government guarantees to improve societal outcomes linked to public infrastructure investments, and state-owned enterprises' (SOEs) corporate governance performance, has enormous potential to advance Africa's growth and development agenda. Ineffective public administrative reforms between 1960 and 1980 heightened public disillusionment with government service delivery performance. The introduction of private sector risk management techniques into PFM practices as part of the ‘Washington Consensus' reform agenda may have contributed to present-day inadequacies in sovereign guarantee management practices (SGMP). This weakness can be mitigated by utilizing and managing sovereign guarantees to SOEs within an active sovereign asset and liability management (SALM) framework, thereby supporting sovereign credit rating outcomes in Africa.
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Kumarasamy, Umamaheswari, G. V. Shrichandran, and A. Vedanth Srivatson. "Diffuse Optical Tomography System in Soft Tissue Tumor Detection." In Digital Image Processing - Advances and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98708.

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Topical review of recent trends in Modeling and Regularization methods of Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) system promotes the optimization of the forward and inverse modeling methods which provides a 3D cauterization at a faster rate of 40frames/second with the help of a laser torch as a hand-held device. Analytical, Numerical and Statistical methods are reviewed for forward and inverse models in an optical imaging modality. The advancement in computational methods is discussed for forward and inverse models along with Optimization techniques using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The studies carried on optimization techniques offers better spatial resolution which improves quality and quantity of optical images used for morphological tissues comparable to breast and brain in Near Infrared (NIR) light. Forward problem is based on the location of sources and detectors solved statistically by Monte Carlo simulations. Inverse problem or closeness in optical image reconstruction is moderated by different regularization techniques to improve the spatial and temporal resolution. Compared to conventional methods the ANFIS structure of optimization for forward and inverse modeling provides early detection of Malignant and Benign tumor thus saves the patient from the mortality of the disease. The ANFIS technique integrated with hardware provides the dynamic 3D image acquisition with the help of NIR light at a rapid rate. Thereby the DOT system is used to continuously monitor the Oxy and Deoxyhemoglobin changes on the tissue oncology.
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Rajamanickam, Karunanithi. "Application of Quantum Dots in Bio-Sensing, Bio-Imaging, Drug Delivery, Anti-Bacterial Activity, Photo-Thermal, Photo-Dynamic Therapy, and Optoelectronic Devices." In Quantum Dots - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Contemporary Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107018.

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Quantum dots (QDs) are of prevalent scientific and technological consideration because of their tunable size and thus frequency change (band-gap energy) in the NIR optical region. QDs have exceptional properties such as optical, physiochemical, electrical, and capacity to be bound to biomolecules. These selective size-dependent attributes of QDs assist them with having versatile applications in optoelectronic and biomedical fields. Their capacity to emit light at various frequencies because of an outer stimulus makes quantum dots perfect for use in imaging, diagnostics, tests for individual particles, and medication transportation frameworks. Ongoing advances in quantum dot design incorporate the potential for these nanocrystals to become therapeutic agents to restore numerous disease conditions themselves via bioconjugation with antibodies or medications. In this chapter, a few advances in the field of biomedical applications, such as bio-sensing, bio-imaging, drug loading capacity, targeted drug delivery, anti-stacking limit hostile to bacterial activity, photo-thermal treatment, photodynamic treatment, and optical properties for biomedical applications are presented, further to a short conversation on difficulties; for example, the biodistribution and harmful toxic effects of quantum dots is also discussed.
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Conference papers on the topic "NIV therapy use"

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Bayazitoglu, Yildiz. "Nanoshell Assisted Cancer Therapy: Numerical Simulations." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18546.

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Since the near infrared spectrum (wavelength range of 750–1100 nm) is the region of highest physiological transmisivity, it is the optical communication gateway for the laser energy to propagate into the human body. This optical window also leads to nanoparticle-based approach where embedded nanoparticles absorb the laser light designed to address the specific diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of cancer therapy is exploited extensively in so called plasmonic photo thermal therapy (PPTT). A new tool that is under development for cancer/tumor treatment, in which embedded nanoparticles are manipulated to absorb the Near Infrared (NIR) laser light intensely, aiming at addressing the “nonselectivity” problem that exists in the conventional photo thermal therapy (PPT). The purpose is to seek therapy with a faster and accurate procedure with a comprehensive treatment plan aided with fast and accurate numerical simulations as well. Among all the nanostructures, the noble metal nanoparticles (such as nanoshells) could be tuned to have peak absorption cross section in the NIR spectrum which provide very intense local heating to burn the deeply embedded cancerous tissues and tumors rather than the healthy tissue. Experimental and numerical studies have shown that designed gold nanoshells can be used to remotely and optically induce hyperthermia by embedding certain amount of absorbing dominated gold nanoshells in tumors and then irradiated using NIR laser light. Advancing our capabilities such as modeling, characterization and design of complex nanostructures and their host media for various nanophotonic applications will also increase our effectiveness of induced hyperthermia for its future applications. The computational tools should bridge across the scales from nano to macro, and rapidly compare the predicted behavior of a large number of nanoparticles embedded in tissue so that experimental groups could concentrate laboratory efforts on those resulted configurations most likely to provide optimum results.
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Whitney, Jon, Harry Dorn, Chris Rylander, Tom Campbell, David Geohegan, and Marissa Nichole Rylander. "Spatiotemporal Temperature and Cell Viability Measurement Following Laser Therapy in Combination With Carbon Nanohorns." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19619.

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Cancer remains one of the most deadly diseases today. Laser-induced photothermal therapy can provide a minimally invasive treatment alternative to surgical resection. The selectivity and effectiveness of laser therapy can be greatly enhanced when photoabsorbing nanoparticles such as nanoshells, single walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, or single wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) are introduced into the tissue. Prior studies have effectively used SWNHs combined with near infrared (NIR) laser light to target and destroy microbes [1]. We have previously reported increased tumor cell destruction when SWNHs were used in combination with laser therapy. The present work provides more extensive characterization of cell viability in response to laser therapy alone or in combination with SWNHs. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal temperature and cell viability in vitro in response to combinatorial SWNH-mediated laser therapies is determined using infrared thermometry and a novel viability algorithm, respectively. These new measurements will be critical for planning SWNH-mediated laser treatments where knowledge of the geometric distribution of temperature and cell death are critical to achieving the goal of selectively eliminating a tumor with specific spatial margins with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
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Thomas, Martin, Florent Duchaine, Laurent Gicquel, and Charlie Koupper. "Advanced Statistical Analysis Estimating the Heat Load Issued by Hot Streaks and Turbulence on a High-Pressure Vane in the Context of Adiabatic Large Eddy Simulations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64648.

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The next generation of lean combustion engines promises to further decrease environmental impact and cost of air traffic. Compared to the currently employed Rich Quench Lean (RQL) concept, the flow field at the exit of a lean combustion chamber is characterized by stronger variations of velocity as well as temperature and higher levels of turbulence. These specific features may have a substantial impact on the aerothermal performance of the high-pressure turbine and thereby on the efficiency of the entire engine. Indeed, high levels of turbulence in the Nozzle Guide Vane (NGV) passages locally impact the heat flux and result in globally over dimensioned cooling systems of the NGV. In this study, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are performed on an engine representative lean combustion simulator geometry to investigate the evolution of turbulence and the migration of hot streaks through the high-pressure turbine. To investigate the impact of non-uniform stator inlet conditions on the estimated thermal stress on the NGVs, adiabatic LES predictions of the lean combustor NGV FACTOR configuration are analyzed through the use of high statistical moments of temperature and two point statistics for the assessment of turbulent quantities. Relations between temperature statistical features and turbulence are evidenced on planes through the NGV passage pointing to the role of mixing and large scale features along with marked wall temperatures that locally can largely differ from obtained mean values.
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Xie, Lifang, Yu Zhao, Daniel Von Hoff, and Haiyong Han. "Abstract B225: Use of RNAi to identify targets for further improving the antitumor activity of gemcitabine and nab‐paclitaxel combination therapy in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics--Nov 15-19, 2009; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-09-b225.

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Mariani, G., R. Ghirardini, P. Verani, F. Mandelli, G. B. Rossi, M. P. Mannucci, and S. Butto. "ANTI-HIV AFTER HEATED CLOTTING FACTOR CONCENTRATES IN HEMOPHILIACS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643971.

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In Italy, heated concentrates became the only source of hemophilia therapy since July 1985, when a government act enforced their use instead of nonheated concentrates. Since then 63 anti-HIV seronegative hemophiliacs treated with heated concentrates were followed-up prospectively, focusing on the development of anti-HIV. Anti-HIV (documented by persistent positivity for ELISA and WB) occurred in 6 patients who had no other risk factor for HIV infection. For 3, anti-HIV was first found in Sept., Oct. or Nov. 1985 i.e. within 4 months of the last infusion of unheated concentrates (July 1985). For another patient, anti-HIV was found in Sept. 1986, but no other sample was available after the last negative test (Nov. 1985). For these 4 cases, therefore, we cannot exclude that seroconversions are due to nonheated concentrates used until July 1985. For 2 patients, however, anti-HIV occurred in July 1986, i.e. 11 months after change to heated concentrates. For both a hemophilia A patient (treated exclusively with a concentrate dry-heated for 72 hr at 68°C) and a hemophilia B patient (treated with both a steam-heated concentrate and a concentrate dry-heated for 72 hr at 68°C) the last seronegativities were found in March 1986, i.e. 7.0 and 7.5 months after commencing the use of heated concentrates or 3.5 and 4.0 months before the first seropositivity. The overwhelming majority of heated concentrates were prepared from non-donor-screened plasma. In conclusion, two anti-HIV occurred in previously seronegative patients treated exclusively with heated concentrates. Intensity and duration of concentrate exposure to heating were greater than those for the commercial dry-heated concentrate (60°C for 30 hours) that caused two reported seroconversions.
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Osatemple, Miracle Imwonsa, Adekunle Tirimisiyu Adeniyi, and Abdulwaha Giwa. "Assessment and Optimization of Waterflooding Performance in a Hydrocarbon Reservoir." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207114-ms.

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Abstract In order to properly meet up with the ever-increasing demand for petroleum products worldwide, it has become increasingly necessary to produce oil and gas fields more economically and efficiently. Waterflooding is currently the most widely used secondary recovery method to improve oil recovery after primary depletion. A crucial component required to conduct an efficient waterflooding operation is an optimal production setting, most especially with respect to the amount of water involved. This research work has been carried out to develop a model that can be used to maximize oil recovery and minimize water production with the least amount and number of waterflood variables in order to minimize the secondary recovery investment cost. The gradient-based approach to optimize the production and net present value (NPV) from a waterflood reservoir using the flow rates or bottom hole pressures of the production wells as the controlling factors with the use of smart well technology was applied. In this approach, a variant of the optimal switching time technique was used in the optimization process to equalize the arrival times of the waterfront at multiple producers, thereby increasing the cumulative oil production. The optimization procedure involved maximizing the objective function (NPV) by adjusting a set of manipulated variables (flow rates). The optimal pressure profile of the waterflood scenario that gave the maximum NPV was obtained as the solution to the waterflood problem. The proposed optimization methodology was applied to a waterflood process carried out on a reservoir field developed by a five-spot recovery design in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, which was used as a case study. The forward run was carried out with a commercial reservoir oil simulator. The results of the waterflood optimization revealed that an increase in the net present value of up to 9.7% and an increase in cumulative production of up to 30% from the base case could be achieved.
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Marco I Jordan, Jordi, Bart Blockmans, and Wim Desmet. "Analytical Lumped-Parameter Model of Misaligned Gear Contacts for Efficient System Level Drivetrain Simulations." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88348.

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Abstract Reliable system-level simulation tools capable of modelling and predicting the physical interactions between components are of special interest in the analysis of mecha(tro)nic drivetrains. In such drivetrains the flexibilities of shafts and bearings alter the gear alignment conditions, thereby requiring gear contact models that are capable of capturing the associated misalignment effects. In this contribution, an efficient yet accurate model for misaligned helical gear contact analysis is derived by lumping a distributed-parameter model that was recently developed by the authors and validated numerically by comparison with finite element simulations. The transformation into a lumped-parameter model relies on a computationally efficient linearization approach that can be generalized to other gear contact models. The developed model is numerically validated on the component-level by comparison with finite element simulations of a helical gear pair considering various misalignments. The twisting rotation is shown to be the most influential misalignment, significantly altering the transmission error and thereby dynamic performance of the gear pair, and is well-captured by the developed lumped-parameter model. In order to demonstrate the model’s capabilities and computational efficiency in a system-level simulation, the model is implemented in a port-based multi-physical simulation environment, where it is used to simulate a two-stage helical automotive transaxle.
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Björk, I., S. T. Olson, and J. D. Shore. "BINDING OF HEPARIN TO H-KININOGEN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642853.

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The binding of heparin to kininogen was analyzed by competition of kininogen with anti thrombin for high-affinity heparin. Residual heparin binding to anti thrombin was quantified by the accelerating effect on the anti thrombin-thrombin reaction. The rate of the latter reaction was monitored by displacement of the fluorescent probe, p-aminobenzamidine, from the enzyme. A linear dependence of the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) for the heparin-accelerated anti thrombin-thrombin reaction on heparin concentration was achieved by use of catalytic amounts (≤30 nM) of heparin, a 20-fold ratio of anti thrombin to thrombin and thrombin concentrations (0.25 μM) much below the apparent of heparin for thrombin at the high (1 mM) p-aminobenzamidine concentration used. The two-chain form of H-kininogen minimally affected the heparin-accelerated rate of the anti-thrombin-thrombin reaction at pH 7.4 in the absence of metal ions. However, at saturating concentrations of Zn2+ (10 μM), kobs was reduced to 50% at ˜15 nM kininogen and to that of the uncatalyzed reaction at ≥˜0.25 μM. Conversely, at saturating kininogen, a 50% decrease of kobs was observed at ˜0.6 μM Zn2+, i.e. in the plasma concentration range. Other metal ions were effective in the order: Zn2+˜Ni2+>Cu2+>Co2+˜Cd2+. Single-chain H-kininogen and H-kininogen light chain reduced the heparin enhancement in the presence of Zn2+ to the same extent as the two-chain form, whereas L-kininogen had no effect. In the absence of metal ions, the binding of heparin to two-chain H-kini-nogen increased with decreasing pH below 7.4 in a manner consistent with involvement of protonated histidine residues. Thus, heparin presumably binds to the histidine-rich region of the light chain portion of H-kininogen. The elution of two-chain H-kininogen from immobilized dextran sulfate at pH 7.4 was shifted to higher salt concentrations in the presence of 10 μM Zn2+, indicating that metal ions may also enhance H-kininogen binding to surfaces relevant to contact activation reactions. The sensitivity of H-kininogen-surface interactions to divalent metal ions and pH suggest regulation of the interactions by these factors. Like histidine-rich glycoprotein, H-kininogen may also compete with anti thrombin for heparin during heparin therapy.
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Kolmer, Haden P., Clark M. Cunningham, and Mohammed F. Al-Dushaishi. "ROP Optimization of Lateral Wells in SW Oklahoma: Artificial Neural Network Approach." In ASME 2022 Onshore Petroleum Technology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/optc2022-91464.

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Abstract Rate of Penetration (ROP) optimization has played a key role in the economic return and value of both onshore and offshore wells by decreasing drilling time thereby increasing the net present value (NPV) of the localized field. In this study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to accurately model the ROP of a well in SW Oklahoma to optimize the drilling process. A parametric study was conducted to showcase the effect of operational parameters on the ROP-ANN model and to minimize error and increase accuracy. The number of neurons and hidden layers within the model are optimized based on the lowest Mean Square Error (MSE) and highest R2. A comparative study was comprised of one well in Southern Oklahoma targeting the Caney Shale. The well is about 10,000″ vertical with a 2-mile lateral with a maximum inclination of 78° and Dogleg Severity (DLS) of 12°/100ft. UCS was incorporated into the model to geomechanically differentiate between shale, sandstone, and limestone. The input drilling data is weighed against ROP showcasing the impact of each parameter on ROP. From this and further proven in the results, RPM, WOB, and UCS greatly effect ROP per foot based on the sensitivity analysis but steadily decline as the critical value is achieved. The major advantage of this study is developing an accurate ANN model for onshore North American shale plays in understanding the lithological impact of UCS and high lateral deviation on ROP which can be used in pre-planning to optimize the drilling processes.
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Oruganti, YagnaDeepika, Rohit Mittal, Cameron J. McBurney, and Alberto Rodriguez. "Re-Fracturing in Eagle Ford and Bakken to Increase Reserves and Generate Incremental NPV - Field Study." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-173340-ms.

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Abstract Due to the tight nature of the matrix in shale plays, the drainage area does not extend far into the reservoir and is defined by the shape and size of the hydraulic fractures. As a consequence of this, wells typically exhibit steep decline rates and one of the prevalent ways to arrest the decline of a field is to drill and complete more wells. However, re-fracturing is slowly gaining a foothold in the industry, and our study has shown tremendous re-frac potential in the Bakken and Eagle Ford. In this study, we analyzed horizontal wells from the Bakken and Eagle Ford to identify existing re-fractured wells and estimated incremental recovery, followed by an economic analysis, to show re-fracturing as a viable alternative to drilling new wells. Production and completions data was retrieved from public sources for all horizontal wells in the Bakken and the Eagle Ford formations, and a proprietary algorithm was applied to identify wells with a production signature that is consistent with a recompletion event. These wells were individually screened and confirmed as being re-fractured or not. Production metrics were defined to understand the performance of the wells before and after re-fracturing. Cross plots were made between these parameters to understand trends between the ratios of production decline rates and b-factors before and after re-fracturing, taking into account the time of re-completion. Decline curves were fit to the production of these wells to estimate the incremental estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) upon re-fracturing, and a net present value (NPV) analysis was done to determine commercial viability. A majority of the identified potentially re-fractured wells had positive incremental NPV based on the EUR increase, which was 53% and 69%, on an average, for the Eagle Ford and Bakken respectively. From the existing re-fractured wells that were analyzed, it was found that there was no discernible correlation between the time an operator produces a well before being refractured and the various performance metrics that were analyzed. Also, good decline curve fits were found without changing the b-factors post-refrac and secant decline rates were typically lower after re-fracturing. The results show the potential of re-completing wells and increasing reserves without drilling new wells based on actual field examples, showing an alternative field development strategy to the current practice of replacing older wells with newly drilled ones. Also, if re-fracturing is to be implemented on a larger scale, wells must be completed so as to make subsequent recompletions much easier, thereby encouraging use of novel casing and diverting agent technologies. Positive economics shows the huge potential of cost savings with re-stimulation and makes a ‘second wave’ of Eagle Ford/Bakken production possible.
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