Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nitrous oxide emissions

Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrous oxide emissions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nitrous oxide emissions"

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Zhang, Ming Chuan, Xuan Gong, and Xin Yang Xu. "Characteristics of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Partial Nitrification Process Treating High Ammonium Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.844.

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Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas, and biological nitrogen removal leads to nitrous oxide generation and emissions. In this study, the emission of nitrous oxide from partial nitrification process was investigated in two intermittently aerated SBRs (IASBRs). Activated sludge floc and aerobic granular sludge were feed into two IASBRs, respectively. In the steady state, partial nitrification was successfully achieved under intermittent aeration control strategy. Nitrous oxide emissions were 6.5% and 8.9% of the total influent nitrogen loading rate in IASBR1 and IASBR2, respectively. Nitrous oxide was mainly generated in non-aeration periods, but aeration period contributed to 91.8% and 90.6% of nitrous oxide emissions in two IASBRs, respectively. PHB can be used as the carbon source for heterotrophic denitrification, causing more nitrous oxide generated in IASBR2 which was seeded with aerobic granular sludge.
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Yang, Jingjing, Jozef Trela, Elzbieta Plaza, and Kåre Tjus. "N2O emissions from a one stage partial nitrification/anammox process in moving bed biofilm reactors." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.232.

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from wastewater treatment are getting increased attention because their global warming potential is around 300 times that of carbon dioxide. The aim of the study was to measure nitrous oxide emissions from one stage partial nitrification/anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) reactors, where nitrogen is removed in a biological way. The first part of the experimental study was focused on the measurements of nitrous oxide emissions from two pilot scale reactors in the long term; one reactor with intermittent aeration at 25 °C and the other reactor with continuous aeration at 22–23 °C. The second part of the experiment was done to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen loads and aeration strategies, described by the ratio between the non-aerated and aerated phase and the dissolved oxygen concentrations, on nitrous oxide emissions from the process. The study showed that 0.4–2% of the nitrogen load was converted into nitrous oxide from two reactors. With higher nitrogen load, the amount of nitrous oxide emission was also higher. A larger fraction of nitrous oxide was emitted to the gas phase while less was emitted with the liquid effluent. It was also found that nitrous oxide emissions were similar under intermittent and continuous aeration.
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Paul, J. W., E. G. Beauchamp, and X. Zhang. "Nitrous and nitric oxide emissions during nitrification and denitrification from manure-amended soil in the laboratory." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss93-054.

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Denitrification and nitrification processes in soil produce significant amounts of atmospheric N2O and NO. Laboratory experiments were designed to measure N2O and NO emissions from an agricultural soil shortly after manure addition. Nitrous oxide emissions were higher from soil following addition of manure slurries than following addition of composted manure. Emissions of both N2O and NO were highest between 1 and 4 d after manure addition. Nitrous oxide emission following manure application was the result of both denitrification and nitrification, which occurred simultaneously in soil. Denitrification was a major producer of N2O because both denitrification rates and N2O emission increased dramatically at higher soil-moisture contents and increased manure concentration. Nitric oxide production occurred during nitrification. Nitrous oxide emitted during the 6 d after manure addition ranged from 0.025 to 0.85% of the manure N. Nitric oxide emissions were approximately 0.26% of the amount of added manure N.Key words: Nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, manure, denitrification, nitrification
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Koloszko-Chomentowska, Zofia, Leszek Sieczko, and Roman Trochimczuk. "Production Profile of Farms and Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 4904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164904.

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The negative impact of agricultural production on the environment is manifested, above all, in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). The goals of this study were to estimate methane and nitrous oxide emissions at the level of individual farms and indicate differences in emissions depending on the type of production, and to investigate dependencies between greenhouse gas emissions and economic indicators. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions were estimated at three types of farms in Poland, based on FADN data: field crops, milk, and mixed. Data were from 2004–2018. Statistical analysis confirmed the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and economic performance. On milk farms, the value of methane and nitrous oxide emissions increased with increased net value added and farm income. Milk farms reached the highest land productivity and the highest level of income per 1 ha of farmland. On field crops farms, the relationship between net value added and farm income and methane and nitrous oxide emissions was negative. Animals remain a strong determinant of methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and the emissions at milk farms were the highest. On mixed farms, emissions result from intensive livestock and crop production. In farms of the field crops type, emissions were the lowest and mainly concerned crops.
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Maljanen, Marja Elisa, Zafar Gondal, and HemRaj Bhattarai. "Emissions of nitrous acid (HONO), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from horse dung." Agricultural and Food Science 25, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.59314.

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Horse dung contains considerable amounts of nitrogen which is partly lost during the storage period. Leaching of nitrogen from the dung can be prevented with constructions but also gaseous N-emissions occur. However, the emission rates are not reported in the literature. We measured in laboratory conditions nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous acid (HONO) emissions from fresh, one month old and one year old horse dung samples. NO and HONO emissions increased with the storage time of the dung. The mean emission rates of HONO and NO were from 36 to 280 ng N kg dw-1h-1 and from 15 to 3500 ng N kg dw-1h-1, respectively. N2O emissions were more variable showing also highest emissions (20.3 µg N kg dw-1 h-1) from the oldest samples. Thus, the longer storage of horse dung increases gaseous N losses which should be taken into account when planning the environmental friendly way to handle horse dung.
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Porada, Philipp, Ulrich Pöschl, Axel Kleidon, Christian Beer, and Bettina Weber. "Estimating global nitrous oxide emissions by lichens and bryophytes with a process-based productivity model." Biogeosciences 14, no. 6 (March 28, 2017): 1593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1593-2017.

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Abstract. Nitrous oxide is a strong greenhouse gas and atmospheric ozone-depleting agent which is largely emitted by soils. Recently, lichens and bryophytes have also been shown to release significant amounts of nitrous oxide. This finding relies on ecosystem-scale estimates of net primary productivity of lichens and bryophytes, which are converted to nitrous oxide emissions by empirical relationships between productivity and respiration, as well as between respiration and nitrous oxide release. Here we obtain an alternative estimate of nitrous oxide emissions which is based on a global process-based non-vascular vegetation model of lichens and bryophytes. The model quantifies photosynthesis and respiration of lichens and bryophytes directly as a function of environmental conditions, such as light and temperature. Nitrous oxide emissions are then derived from simulated respiration assuming a fixed relationship between the two fluxes. This approach yields a global estimate of 0.27 (0.19–0.35) (Tg N2O) year−1 released by lichens and bryophytes. This is lower than previous estimates but corresponds to about 50 % of the atmospheric deposition of nitrous oxide into the oceans or 25 % of the atmospheric deposition on land. Uncertainty in our simulated estimate results from large variation in emission rates due to both physiological differences between species and spatial heterogeneity of climatic conditions. To constrain our predictions, combined online gas exchange measurements of respiration and nitrous oxide emissions may be helpful.
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Haider, Azad, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain, Wimal Rankaduwa, and Farzana Shaheen. "Nexus between Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Agricultural Land Use in Agrarian Economy: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052808.

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This paper analyses the relationship between Nitrous Oxide emissions, agricultural land use, and economic growth in Pakistan. Agriculture largely contributes to Nitrous Oxide emissions. Hence, models of agriculture induced Nitrous Oxide emissions are estimated in addition to models of total Nitrous Oxide emissions. Estimated models accommodate more flexible forms of relationship between economic growth and emissions than those of the widely adopted models in testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integration and the vector error correction model approach is applied to test the Environmental Kuznets’s Curve hypothesis for Pakistan and to detect the directions of causality among variables using the time series data for the period 1971 to 2012. Results indicate that an N-shaped rather than an inverted U-shaped relationship exists in the case of Pakistan. The tipping values for total Nitrous Oxide emissions and agriculturally induced Nitrous Oxide emissions indicate that Pakistan passes through a phase of increasing environmental degradation. Increases in agricultural land use and per capita energy use will increase the level of Nitrous Oxide emissions. However, controlling Nitrous Oxide emissions from agricultural land use and per capita, energy use without adversely affecting economic development will be a serious policy challenge for Pakistan.
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Zhu-Barker, Xia, Mark Easter, Amy Swan, Mary Carlson, Lucas Thompson, William R. Horwath, Keith Paustian, and Kerri L. Steenwerth. "Soil Management Practices to Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Inform Emission Factors in Arid Irrigated Specialty Crop Systems." Soil Systems 3, no. 4 (November 24, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3040076.

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from arid irrigated agricultural soil in California have been predicted to represent 8% of the state’s total GHG emissions. Although specialty crops compose the majority of the state’s crops in both economic value and land area, the portion of GHG emissions contributed by them is still highly uncertain. Current and emerging soil management practices affect the mitigation of those emissions. Herein, we review the scientific literature on the impact of soil management practices in California specialty crop systems on GHG nitrous oxide emissions. As such studies from most major specialty crop systems in California are limited, we focus on two annual and two perennial crops with the most data from the state: tomato, lettuce, wine grapes and almond. Nitrous oxide emission factors were developed and compared to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission factors, and state-wide emissions for these four crops were calculated for specific soil management practices. Dependent on crop systems and specific management practices, the emission factors developed in this study were either higher, lower or comparable to IPCC emission factors. Uncertainties caused by low gas sampling frequency in these studies were identified and discussed. These uncertainties can be remediated by robust and standardized estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from changes in soil management practices in California specialty crop systems. Promising practices to reduce nitrous oxide emissions and meet crop production goals, pertinent gaps in knowledge on this topic and limitations of this approach are discussed.
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Reay, David S., Keith A. Smith, Anthony C. Edwards, Kevin M. Hiscock, Liang F. Dong, and David B. Nedwell. "Indirect nitrous oxide emissions: Revised emission factors." Environmental Sciences 2, no. 2-3 (June 2005): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15693430500415525.

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Hamidu, Ibrahim, Benjamin Afotey, and Zakaria Ayatul-Lahi. "Design and Development of a Low-cost Sensor IoT Computing Device for Greenhouse Gas Momitor from Selected Industry Locations." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 23, no. 4 (December 23, 2022): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v23i4.2047.

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The objective of the study is to develop low-cost IoT based sensor to monitor real-time greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions data from selected industry locations (city blocks) in a top-down approach. Three (3) industry locations were selected within the Suame Industrial complex (the largest single cluster of artisanal engineering and light manufacturing in Sub Saharan Africa and even Africa) which has no reported GHG emissions data. A GHG monitor was developed using Atmega328 microcontroller and a sim800I GSM module was used to collect a 24-hour real-time minute-by-minute emissions data from the selected industry locations. A MQ-4 (methane/natural gas sensor), MQ-135 (Nitrous Oxide sensors) and DHT22 (temperature and humidity sensor) were used in the GHG monitor design. The GHG of concern were carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. A total of 3627 emissions data were collected and analyzed from the three (3) industry locations. Location 3 had the highest average carbon dioxide emissions of 508.11 ppm, followed by location 2 with 477.31 ppm with the least emissions in location 1 with 472.51 ppm which are above the global carbon dioxide average of 414.7 ppm. The average methane emission was highest in location 1 with 0.1599 ppm (1599 ppb), followed by location 3 with 0.1366 ppm (1366 ppb) with the least average methane emission of 0.1358 ppm (1358 ppb) in location 2 which are slightly below the global methane average of 1895.7 ppb. The MQ-135 nitrous oxide sensor reported zero emissions data throughout the deployment at the various industry locations which indicated the nitrous oxides emission in the selected sample site is negligible or below the detectable range of the sensor.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitrous oxide emissions"

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Rezaei, Rashti Mehran. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Vegetable Cropping Systems." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365552.

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Agricultural manipulation of the soil nitrogen (N) cycle has caused a significant increase in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions during the past five decades. Nitrous oxide is one of the major greenhouse gases with potent and long-lasting global warming effects [298 times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2) over a time period of 100 years]. The major biogenic processes responsible for N2O production in agricultural soils are identified as nitrification which is the oxidation of ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) and denitrification that is the anaerobic reduction of NO2- and NO3- to gaseous nitric oxide (NO), N2O or N2. Although the current concentration of N2O in the atmosphere is relatively lower than other greenhouse gases, it is annually increasing at a rate of 0.25%. Vegetable cropping systems, a major agricultural activity worldwide, generally comprise intensive cultivation and high rates of N application. However, the N recovery from intensively cultivated vegetable fields is reported to be only 20 - 50% of the applied N fertiliser, suggesting large amounts of N loss from these fields. In Australia, horticulture represents less than 1% of land used for agriculture, but accounts for 6-12% of N fertiliser use in agriculture and its contribution to national N2O emissions is significant.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Guilbault, Michael Roland 1967. "Nitrous oxide emissions from desert region soils." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291928.

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This study was conducted to determine emission rates of nitrous oxide (N₂O) gas from arid region locations. Fluxes were measured at an effluent-irrigated turfgrass location in Arizona, a Sonoran desert location, and a savannah location in Africa. Fluxes were measured by a closed chamber method at the Arizona locations on a weekly basis during the summer of 1991, and at the African location during two separate three day studies during the summer of 1992. Soils were sampled at each location during each sampling period and analyzed for water content, nitrate, pH, and total organic carbon content. Nitrous oxide fluxes in Arizona averaged approximately 13 and 0.7 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for the turfgrass and desert locations respectively. The average fluxes from the African sites were 1.3, 1.6, and 1.3 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for a millet field, fallow field, and "tigerbush" plateau, respectively. Diurnal and seasonal variability was observed.
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Freing, Alina [Verfasser]. "Production and emissions of oceanic nitrous oxide / Alina Freing." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1019870257/34.

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Boles, Elisabeth L. "Natural variability in eastern tropical Pacific nitrous oxide emissions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118132.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 45-47).
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance, but its natural sources remain poorly constrained. Marine emissions are likely much higher than IPCC estimates predict, due to unusually high emissions from the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the eastern tropical Pacific and Arabian Sea that are not accounted for in assessments. Measurements of atmospheric concentrations from a selection of AGAGE stations around the Pacific Ocean were combined with back-trajectories calculated using the HYSPLIT4 atmospheric model, in order to study the relative importance of OMZs on Pacific N2O emissions. Spatial and temporal variability in nitrous oxide concentrations were analyzed in order to determine potential regions of higher emissions, as well as the impacts of ENSO on biogeochemistry in the OMZs. Air parcels that passed over the oxygen minimum zone in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific were found to have N2O concentrations as much as 0.5 ppb higher than average. Average concentrations over the OMZ were modulated by an additional ~0.2 ppb higher during La Niia events and ~0.2 ppb lower during El Niio periods, a deviation of the same order of magnitude as N2O's seasonal cycle. Comparisons with CFC-12 and SF6 suggested strong influences on nitrous oxide concentrations in the Southern Hemisphere from stratosphere-troposphere exchange, but little influence from inter-hemispheric transport.
by Elisabeth L. Boles.
S.B.
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Miller, Scot M. "Emissions of Nitrous Oxide and Methane in North America." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467371.

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Methane (CH_4) and nitrous oxide (N_2O) are the second- and third-most important long-lived greenhouse gas species after carbon dioxide (CO_2) in terms of radiative forcing. This thesis describes the magnitude, spatial distribution, and seasonality of N_2O and CH_4 sources over North America using atmospheric data. We also investigate the environmental drivers and/or anthropogenic source sectors that can explain these emissions patterns. Overall, this thesis provides information on the magnitude, distribution, and likely drivers of greenhouse gas emissions to aid existing or future climate change mitigation policies in the US and Canada. We estimate anthropogenic N_2O and CH_4 emissions that greatly exceed most existing inventory estimates. Our US budgets for N_2O and CH_4 are approximately 2.8 and 1.5 times higher, respectively, than inventory estimates from the US EPA. Much of the discrepancy in methane appears to stem from oil and natural gas industry and agricultural emissions. In contrast, we estimate natural CH_4 sources that are smaller than most existing process-based biogeochemical models. These estimated fluxes have a spatial distribution centered around the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Most existing models estimate fluxes that are far more spatially distributed across the Canadian shield. These estimates provide negative information on the spatial distribution of fluxes relative to a spatially-constant model. We find that a simple model using only three environmental variables can describe flux patterns (as seen by the atmospheric observations) as well as any process-based estimate.
Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Marsden, Karina A. "Sheep urine patch nitrous oxide emissions : measurement and mitigation." Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/sheep-urine-patch-nitrous-oxide-emissions-measurement-and-mitigation(74d981af-b04d-47c7-bb17-1c191504fb33).html.

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Demand for livestock products are expected to rise due to increasing global population, urbanisation and affluence. Sustainably managing livestock excreta will be central to achieving an expansion in production whilst minimising environmental damage. The deposition of excreta to soil by livestock accounts for ca. 21% of the UK agricultural N2O emissions. Accurate quantification of N2O and assessments of the efficacy of mitigation technologies are key research areas for progressing toward enhanced sustainability and productivity in grazed grasslands. The overall thesis aims are to enhance understanding of N cycling and losses in sheep urine patches, as ‘hot-spots’ and ‘hot-moments’ for rapid nutrient cycling. Objectives were (i) to determine how sheep urine patch and environmental parameters influence N2O emissions, (ii) to determine the optimal way to accurately measure N2O emissions from sheep urine patches via the static chamber technique, and (iii) to assess the efficacy of synthetic nitrification inhibitors as a mitigation strategy for urine patch N2O emissions. Sheep-grazed grasslands were selected for study, based on the lack of current available evidence for these agroecosystems. N2O emissions were monitored from sheep urine-influenced soil in small incubation vessels, or by the static chamber technique in the field (manual and automated campaigns). The use of 14C-labelled inhibitors were also employed in laboratory studies, to trace the fate of nitrification inhibitors in the plant-soil-microbe system and provide a better understanding of the factors that affect the efficacy of inhibitors to reduce N2O emissions. Urine patch size and N concentration were found to be important parameters influencing emissions of N2O from sheep urine patches. Emissions of N2O were generally lower than the IPCC default of 1% of the N applied in sheep excreta, where peaks in emissions occurred alongside rainfall events. Total extractable N, oxidation reduction potential and soil water-filled pore space were determined to be key drivers of N2O emissions from sheep urine under controlled conditions. The urine patch diffusional area was shown to be important for accurate quantification of N2O emissions when using the chamber technique; the importance of daily sampling of emissions, an assessment of the diurnal nature of N2O emissions and having a high number of replicate chambers to adequately represent the large spatial variability in N2O emissions was also confirmed. The nitrification inhibitors DCD and DMPP had contrasting behaviours in differing soil types. DCD had a greater sorption in comparison to DMPP and microbial uptake and degradation were concluded to be important parameters influencing their effective period in the soil. A graminaceous plant was shown to be able to acquire DCD intact through its roots and translocate the compound to shoots which raises concerns about contamination of food products. A liquid application of DMPP was not effective in reducing cumulative N2O emissions from sheep urine patches in the field. The efficacy of nitrification inhibitors to reduce N2O appears to vary widely, nevertheless they are a mitigation strategy that could be implemented in the short term. Achieving enhanced sustainability and productivity in grazed grasslands is a complex problem, requiring an interdisciplinary approach and the involvement of policy-makers and farmers to resolve. There are several mitigation strategies available or being developed, and some which require more research before being practicable. Advances in technologies to measure and mitigate N2O emissions will greatly enhance our knowledge of N cycling and losses, and the potential to alleviate such losses from the urine patch environment in the near future.
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Bateman, Emma Joanne. "The contribution of nitrification to nitrous oxide emissions from soils." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416462.

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Mazurek, Agnieszka. "Nitrous oxide emissions from deammonification process under different operation conditions." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180283.

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Wastewater treatment plays significant role in the environmental protection. The process has direct impact on quality of air and water. All treated sewage reaches fresh water reservoirs as well as gasses escaping from the process are emitted to the atmosphere. Main aim of the thesis is to determine N2O emissions from partial nitritation/Anammox (deammonification process) in one-stage system applied in MBBR technology. Whole project was operated successfully on two pilot-scale reactors parallel, fed by the same reject water. Both reactors were filled to capacity of 200 L each, where 40% of the working volume was fulfilled by Kaldnes carriers suspended in liquid by mechanical stirrer. First reactor (R1) presented strategy of intermittent aeration with ratio (R=1/3) and stable DO concentration at amount of 1.5 mg O2/L, whereas second one (R2) operated in constant aeration with variable values of dissolved oxygen which differ in range of 1.0-2.5 mg O2/L. Every week analyses of ammonium and nitrogen forms were carried out in influent and effluent by Hach-Lange cuvettes. Results of measurements showed high NH4+-N removal efficiency of approximately 95% for R1 reactor and 86% for R2. During the process, the continuous measurement of nitrous oxide in gaseous and liquid phase was performed by Teledyne data logger and Unisense microsensor. Measurements during 4 months resulted in assessment of nitrous oxide emission tendency dependent on aeration system. The result from reactor R1 showed that 1.0-2.4% of N-load was emitted as N2O to the atmosphere, and 0.05-0.28% was released as dissolved N2O in outgoing water. Regarding reactor R2 tendency of nitrous oxide production is similar. Estimated emission of N2O in gaseous phase in reactor R2 is 1.4-2.0% of nitrogen load and 0.02-0.39% in liquid phase. All gathered results are shown in the appendix of the paper.
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Limpert, Alexandra D. "Field Emissions of Methane and Nitrous Oxide from California Landfills." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2027.

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Comprehensive and systematic aerial and field investigations were conducted at representative California landfills to quantify emissions of methane and nitrous oxide. Landfills are highly engineered; however, they are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases, causing human health and safety concerns. Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are significant greenhouse gases with high global warming potentials that are generated in a landfill environment. For site selection, sites were evaluated based on waste in place, climate zone, faults and oil and gas operations, population density, cover conditions and percentage of cover types, age of waste, waste profile, landfill style and configuration, and disposal of waste tires. Fifteen representative sites were chosen for the aerial portion of testing, and of those fifteen, five sites were selected for extensive ground testing using the static flux chamber method, conducted over a year-long time period. At the five sites for ground testing, between five and seven cover systems were tested at each site during the wet and dry season. Daily, intermediate, and final covers were tested to obtain representative and comparative measurements during the wet and dry season to account for seasonal variation. In addition to the flux chamber testing, geotechnical characterization of cover materials was conducted. CH4 flux values exhibited higher variability in the dry season (102 g/m2/d to -101 g/m2/d) than the wet season (102 g/m2/d to 10-1 g/m2/d). N2O flux values exhibited slightly higher variability in the wet season (10-1 g/m2/d to -10-3 g/m2/d) than the dry season (10-1 g/m2/d to -10-3 g/m2/d). The measured flux value for CH4 was generally greater than the measured flux value for N2O across both seasons. N2O flux values (10-1 g/m2/d to -10-3 g/m2/d) exhibited less variability than CH4 flux values (102 g/m2/d to -10-1 g/m2/d). Relationships were developed between aerial emissions and areal coverage, throughput, waste column height, and waste in place. All correlations were positive. Relationships were also developed between flux values and geotechnical properties of covers, including density and cover thickness. Most geotechnical parameters yielded limited correlation. The surface flux values from the field investigation were scaled up to estimate facility-wide surface emission values. The methane surface emissions ranged from 10-1 to 103 and from 100 to 102 tonnes/year in the wet season and dry season. The nitrous oxide surface emissions ranged -10-2 to 100 and from 10-2 to 10-1 tonnes/year in the wet season and dry season, respectively. Emissions were converted to CO2 equivalent (CO2 E) to allow for comparison between methane and nitrous oxide. The methane surface emissions in CO2 E terms ranged from 101 to 104 tonnes/year in both the wet season and dry season, respectively. The nitrous oxide surface emissions in CO2 E terms ranged from -100 to 102 and from 101 to 102 tonnes/year in the wet season and dry season, respectively. Aerial and ground emissions were compared, with aerial results being higher at all five ground sites. This study provides systematic and comprehensive field emissions testing comparing climate and waste in place, among other parameters, that demonstrate the complicated nature of the landfill environment.
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Sithole, Alec. "Feedbacks of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Agriculture." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/43.

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The effect of global warming on methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from agriculture was investigated and simulated from a soil warming experiment. Experiments were designed and installed in a temperature controlled greenhouse. The relationships between elevated temperatures and CH₄ and N₂O emissions were determined and calculated as the Q₁₀s of production, emission and oxidation. A study of the populations of methanogens and methanotrophs at a range of soil temperatures was performed based on soil molecular DNA analysis. This study showed that global warming would increase CH₄ emissions from rice agriculture and that the resultant emissions will be potentially large enough to cause changes in the present atmospheric concentrations. This research also showed that this increase was most evident for soil temperatures below 30⁰C, above which emissions decreased with increasing temperature. The seasonal average Q₁₀s of CH₄ emission, production, oxidation, methanogen and methanotroph populations were found to be 1.7, 2.6 and 2.2, 2.6 and 3.8, respectively, over a temperature of 20-32⁰C. Considering that the processes of CH₄ production and emission are similar to those in natural wetlands, which is the largest source of atmospheric CH₄, the contribution of this feedback is likely to cause a significant increase to the present CH₄ atmospheric budget if the current global warming trend persists over the next century. The Q₁₀s of N₂O emissions and production were 0.5-3.3 and 0.4-2.9, respectively. The low Q₁₀ values found for N₂O suggest that although global warming will have a direct impact on the production and emission rates. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the impact of global on both CH₄ and N₂O emissions from agriculture is likely to vary from one region to another due to the spatial variations in agricultural soil temperatures and the likely changes in the global regional distribution of water resources (water tables, rainfall patterns), water management practices and the responses of terrestrial CH₄ and N₂O sources such as natural wetlands and plants.
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Books on the topic "Nitrous oxide emissions"

1

P, Barnhart Edward, ed. Nitrous oxide emissions research progress. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Nitrous oxide emissions from rice fields: Past, present, and future. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Canada. Air Pollution Prevention Directorate. Environment Canada. Trends in Canada's greenhouse gas emissions (1990-1995). Ottawa: Environment Canada., 1997.

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Katsuyuki, Minami, Mosier Arvin, Sass Ronald, and Nōrin Suisanshō Nōgyō Kankyō Gijutsu Kenkyūjo (Japan), eds. CH₄ and N₂O: Global emissions and controls from rice fields and other agricultural and industrial sources : proceedings of an international workshop, Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Natural and Anthropogenic Sources and Their Reduction Research Plan, Tsukuba, Japan, March 25-26, 1992. Tsukuba, Japan: NIAES, 1994.

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Jaques, A. P. Trends in Canada's greenhouse gas emissions (1990-1995). Ottawa: Air Pollution Prevention Directorate, Pollution Data Branch, Environment Canada, 1997.

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Jaques, A. P. Trends in Canada's greenhouse gas emissions (1990-1995). Ottawa: Air Pollution Prevention Directorate, Pollution Data Branch, Environment Canada, 1997.

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Workshop, WMO/UNEP Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change International IPCC. Methane and nitrous oxide: Methods in national emissions inventories and options for control : proceedings, Euroase Hotel, Amersfoort, the Netherlands, 3-5 February 1993. Bilthoven, the Netherlands: National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, 1993.

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Pascale, Collas, Olsen K, Canada Environment Canada, and Canada. Air Pollution Prevention Directorate., eds. Canada's greenhouse gas inventory: 1997 emissions and removals with trends. [Ottawa]: Environment Canada, 1999.

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Soete, G. de. Nitrous oxide emissions: modifications as a consequence of current trends in industrial fossil fuel combustion and inland use. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1991.

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Canada. Environment Canada. Transportation Systems Division. and Railway Association of Canada, eds. Recommended reporting requirements for the locomotive emissions monitoring (LEM) program: A background report. [Ottawa]: Environment Canada, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nitrous oxide emissions"

1

Kroeze, C., and A. F. Bouwman. "Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O)." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Why and How to Control?, 427–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0982-6_50.

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Minami, Katsuyuki. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Agricultural Fields." In Trace Gas Emissions and Plants, 215–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3571-1_10.

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Behrendt, Thomas, Nurit Agam, and Marcus A. Horn. "Microbial Nitric Oxide, Nitrous Oxide, and Nitrous Acid Emissions from Drylands." In Dryland Ecohydrology, 335–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23269-6_13.

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Becker, K. H., T. Jensen, R. Kurtenbach, J. C. Lörzer, T. J. Wallington, and P. Wiesen. "Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Emissions from Vehicles." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control and Implementation, 195–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9343-4_29.

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Ussiri, David, and Rattan Lal. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Fields." In Soil Emission of Nitrous Oxide and its Mitigation, 213–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5364-8_7.

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Debruyn, Walter, Gilbert Lissens, Jan van Rensbergen, and Maria Wevers. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Waste Water." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Why and How to Control?, 159–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0982-6_16.

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Bronson, K. F., and U. Singh. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Flooded Rice." In Climate Change and Rice, 116–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85193-3_11.

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Kroeze, Carolien, and Arvin Mosier. "New Estimates for Emissions of Nitrous Oxide." In Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Scientific Understanding, Control and Implementation, 45–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9343-4_2.

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Middelburg, Jack J., Gerard Klaver, Joop Nieuwenhuize, Rinus M. Markusse, Tom Vlug, and F. Jaco W. A. van der Nat. "Nitrous oxide emissions from estuarine intertidal sediments." In Major Biological Processes in European Tidal Estuaries, 43–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0117-9_5.

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Hatano, Ryusuke, Yo Toma, Yohei Hamada, Hironori Arai, Helena Lina Susilawati, and Kazuyuki Inubushi. "Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Tropical Peat Soil." In Tropical Peatland Ecosystems, 339–51. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55681-7_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nitrous oxide emissions"

1

Ballantyne, Vera F., Peter Howes, and Leif Stephanson. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/940304.

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KIM, YOUNGSUN, UN JI, JUNGEUN GU, JONGMIN KO, and HOJEONG KANG. "Dynamics of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Aquatic Systems." In 38th IAHR World Congress. The International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-0768.

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Sudrajad, Agung, Osami Nishida, Hirotsugu Fujita, and Wataru Harano. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Marine Diesel Engine Sources." In OCEANS 2006 - Asia Pacific. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceansap.2006.4393822.

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Laura Christianson, James Hanly, Neha Jha, Surinder Saggar, and Mike Hedley. "Denitrification bioreactor nitrous oxide emissions under fluctuating flow conditions." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131597821.

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Cook, Perran L. M., Chris Greening, Guy Shelley, Adam J. Kessler, and Wei Wen Wong. "Drift Algal Blooms Enhance Nitrogen Recycling and Nitrous Oxide Emissions." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.474.

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William H de Wit, Bill J Van Heyst, and Claudia Wagner-Riddle. "Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Outdoor-Stored Broiler Litter." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.31929.

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Orlando A Aguilar, Ronaldo Maghirang, Charles W Rice, Steven Trabue, Larry E Erickson, and Edna Razote. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Commercial Cattle Feedlot in Kansas." In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7 - August 10, 2011. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.37739.

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Meffert, Michael W., Denis L. Lenane, Martin Openshaw, and Joseph W. Roos. "Analysis of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Light Duty Passenger Cars." In CEC/SAE Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1952.

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Sullerey, R. K., and Ankur Agarwal. "Effect of Water Injection on Emission Characteristics of a Turbocharged Diesel Engine." In ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2009-76025.

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The diesel engine is a very common source of small-scale power generation. While diesel engines are efficient with low carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions, they have high nitrous oxide emissions. One approach to reduce the formation of nitrous oxides is by introducing water in the diesel engine system. The present paper is a study of effects on performance of direct water injection in the cylinder during the compression stroke and humidifying air prior to its entry to the engine by use of suitable models for various processes. It is observed that nitrous oxide concentrations are substantially reduced by both direct water injection as well as by use of humidified air. Use of humid air however also increases the power output of the engine with a minor loss in efficiency.
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Sven A Nimmermark, Knut-Håkan Jeppsson, and Ngwa Martin Ngwabie. "Nitrous Oxide Emissions from an Experimental Pig House with Straw Bedding." In 2012 IX International Livestock Environment Symposium (ILES IX). St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41535.

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Reports on the topic "Nitrous oxide emissions"

1

Mann, M. D., M. E. Collings, and B. C. Young. Nitrous oxide emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10114523.

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Stanton, Alan, Mark Zondlo, Anthony Gomez, and Da Pan. Portable nitrous oxide sensor for understanding agricultural and soil emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1344932.

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Sithole, Alec. Feedbacks of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Agriculture. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.43.

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Collings, M. E., and M. D. Mann. Nitrous oxide emissions. Topical report, July 1, 1990--June 30, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10131861.

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Anthony, E. J. A brief overview of nitrous oxide emissions for CFBC burning petroleum coke. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/304611.

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Adair, Carol, Heather Darby, Tyler Goeschel, Lindsay Barbieri, and Alissa White. Evaluating Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Promising Tillage and Manure Application Practices at Borderview Farm. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, July 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6957453.ch.

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A research team at UVM, led by Dr. Carol Adair and Dr. Heather Darby, is evaluating the benefits and drawbacks of four different tillage approaches (conventional, strip, vertical, and no till) and two different methods of manure application (broadcast and injection). The goal is to determine the practices best suited for reducing greenhouse gas emission, improving carbon storage and limiting nitrogen losses. The team measures carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from the treatments every two weeks or more frequently after events (large rainfall, manure application) using a measuring device called photoacoustic multigas monitor.
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Velthof, G. L., and R. P. J. J. Rietra. Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/466362.

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Aryal, Jeetendra Prakash. Contribution of Agriculture to Climate Change and Low-Emission Agricultural Development in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/vaoy9373.

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The agriculture sector in Asia and the Pacific region contributes massively to climate change, as the region has the largest share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. The region is the largest producer of rice, a major source of methane emissions. Further, to achieve food security for the increasing population, there has been a massive increase in the use of synthetic fertilizer and energy in agricultural production in the region over the last few decades. This has led to an enormous rise in nitrous oxide (N2O; mostly from fertilizer-N use) and carbon dioxide (mostly from energy use for irrigation) emissions from agriculture. Besides this, a substantial increase in livestock production for meat and dairy products has increased methane emissions, along with other environmental problems. In this context, this study conducts a systematic review of strategies that can reduce emissions from the agriculture sector using a multidimensional approach, looking at supply-side, demand-side, and cross-cutting measures. The review found that though there are huge potentials to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture, significant challenges exist in monitoring and verification of GHG emissions from supply-side measures, shifting to sustainable consumption behavior with regard to food consumption and use, and the design and implementation of regulatory and incentive mechanisms. On the supply side, policies should focus on the upscaling of climate-smart agriculture primarily through expanding knowledge and improving input use efficiency in agriculture, while on the demand side, there is a need to launch a drive to reduce food loss and waste and also to move towards sustainable consumption. Therefore, appropriate integration of policies at multiple levels, as well as application of multiple measures simultaneously, can increase mitigation potential as desired by the Paris Agreement and also help to achieve several of the United Nations’ SDGs.
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Aryal, Jeetendra P. Contribution of Agriculture to Climate Change and Low-Emission Agricultural Development in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/wdbc4659.

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The agriculture sector in the Asia and Pacific region contributes massively to climate change, as the region has the largest share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. The region is the largest producer of rice, a major source of methane emissions. Further, to achieve food security for the increasing population, there has been a massive increase in the use of synthetic fertilizer and energy in agricultural production in the region over the last few decades. This has led to an enormous rise in nitrous oxide (N2O) (mostly from fertilizer-N use) and carbon dioxide (mostly from energy use for irrigation) emissions from agriculture. Besides this, a substantial increase in livestock production for meat and dairy products has increased methane emissions, along with other environmental problems. In this context, we conduct a systematic review of strategies that can reduce emissions from the agriculture sector using a multidimensional approach, looking at supply-side, demand-side, and cross-cutting measures. The review found that though there is a huge potential to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture, significant challenges exist in monitoring and verification of GHG emissions from supply-side measures, shifting to sustainable consumption behavior with regard to food consumption and use, and the design and implementation of regulatory and incentive mechanisms. On the supply side, policies should focus on the upscaling of climate-smart agriculture primarily through expanding knowledge and improving input use efficiency in agriculture, while on the demand side, there is a need to launch a drive to reduce food loss and waste and also to move toward sustainable consumption. Therefore, appropriate integration of policies at multiple levels, as well as application of multiple measures simultaneously, can increase mitigation potential as desired by the Paris Agreement and also help to achieve several of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
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