Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nitrogen stable isotopes

Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrogen stable isotopes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nitrogen stable isotopes"

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Sare, David T. J., John S. Millar, and Frederick J. Longstaffe. "Tracing dietary protein in red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) using stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-064.

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We examined the stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in a small mammal, the red-backed vole (Clethroinomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830)), to determine if isotope signatures reflect diet composition. Nitrogen- and carbon-isotope ratios in tissues from voles maintained on different protein levels in the laboratory were compared with wild-trapped voles. The isotopic fractionation of dietary nitrogen and carbon was also examined as food was digested in the stomach, incorporated into bone collagen, bioapatite, and hair, and excreted as feces. Nitrogen and carbon isotopes were fractionated differently depending on the isotopic composition and protein content of the diet. δ15N and δ13C values appear to be influenced by factors in addition to diet, such as macronutrients metabolized for respiration, metabolic rate, and periods of protein shortage.
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Uriarte, Amaya, Alberto García, Aurelio Ortega, Fernando De la Gándara, José Quintanilla, and Raúl Laiz-Carrión. "Isotopic discrimination factors and nitrogen turnover rates in reared Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae (Thunnus thynnus): effects of maternal transmission." Scientia Marina 80, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04435.25a.

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The use of stable isotope analysis to study animal diets requires estimates of isotopic turnover rates (half time, t50) and discrimination factors (Δ) for an accurate interpretation of trophic patterns. The stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were analysed for eggs and reared larvae of Thunnus thynnus, as well as for the different diets supplied during the experiment. The results showed high values of δ15N in eggs and larvae (n=646) until 4 DAH. After this time lapse, the stable isotope values declined progressively until 12 DAH, when notochord flexion began. The δ13C showed an inverse trend, suggesting that maternal inheritance of the stable isotopes is evident until pre-flexion stages. This study proposes a model for estimating maternal isotopic signatures of bluefin broodstock. After notochord flexion, larvae were fed with aquaculture-bred gilthead seabream, which resulted in a rapid increase of bluefin larvae δ15N values together with a rapid decrease in δ13C values. The estimated nitrogen half-time to reach the steady state from the diet was 2.5±0.3 days and the discrimination factor was 0.4±0.3(‰). These results represent the first data set that has allowed isotopic nitrogen turnover rates and discrimination factors of the larval stages of bluefin tuna to be estimated.
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Jensen, Alexandria, William Ford, James Fox, and Admin Husic. "Improving In-Stream Nutrient Routines in Water Quality Models Using Stable Isotope Tracers: A Review and Synthesis." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12545.

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Abstract. Water quality models serve as an economically feasible alternative to quantify fluxes of nutrient pollution and to simulate effective mitigation strategies; however, their applicability is often questioned due to broad uncertainties in model structure and parameterization, leading to uncertain outputs. We argue that reduction of uncertainty is partially achieved by integrating stable isotope data streams within the water quality model architecture. This article outlines the use of stable isotopes as a response variable within water quality models to improve the model boundary conditions associated with nutrient source provenance, constrain model parameterization, and elucidate shortcomings in the model structure. To assist researchers in future modeling efforts, we provide an overview of stable isotope theory; review isotopic signatures and applications for relevant carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus pools; identify biotic and abiotic processes that impact isotope transfer between pools; review existing models that have incorporated stable isotope signatures; and highlight recommendations based on synthesis of existing knowledge. Broadly, we find existing applications that use isotopes have high efficacy for reducing water quality model uncertainty. We make recommendations toward the future use of sediment stable isotope signatures, given their integrative capacity and practical analytical process. We also detail a method to incorporate stable isotopes into multi-objective modeling frameworks. Finally, we encourage watershed modelers to work closely with isotope geochemists to ensure proper integration of stable isotopes into in-stream nutrient fate and transport routines in water quality models. Keywords: Isotopes, Nutrients, Uncertainty analysis, Water quality modeling, Watershed.
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Arneson, Lynne S., Stephen MacAvoy, and Ethan Basset. "Metabolic protein replacement drives tissue turnover in adult mice." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 992–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-081.

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Stable isotopes are increasingly being used to examine ecological and physiological questions, such as dietary choices, migration routes and timing, and physiological condition. To address these questions in the field, laboratory experiments must be done to determine diet–tissue discrimination values and turnover rates for stable isotopes in tissues. In this study, we examined the carbon and nitrogen turnover rates of whole blood, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, heart, and brain, as well as the sulfur turnover rate of whole blood, skeletal muscle, and liver in Mus musculus L., 1758 following a diet change. By examining tissue isotope change in two groups of mice fed different diets, we found that tissues turnover at different rates (in order of fastest to slowest — liver, kidney, heart, brain, whole blood, skeletal muscle), but that carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes turned over with similar half-lives within a single tissue. By using a diet with different nutrient isotopic values, we also calculated that up to approximately 90%–95% of carbon in newly synthesized tissue was contributed by dietary protein. These results will provide field researchers with additional tissue isotopic half-lives to elucidate dietary history with a greater degree of certainty. The tissue sulfur half-lives provide an extra stable isotope that may be used in situations where carbon and nitrogen values do not differ between old and new nutrient sources.
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Gagnon, Chantal, and Keith A. Hobson. "Using stable isotopes to track frugivory in migratory passerines." Canadian Journal of Zoology 87, no. 11 (November 2009): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-086.

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Several species of North American migratory songbirds undergo seasonal diet shifts from insects to fruits, but this phenomenon is poorly quantified. Measurement of naturally occurring stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) are linked to sources of diets and trophic level, respectively. We used stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of blood and claw tissues of 16 species of migratory songbirds to evaluate the timing and extent of frugivory over different periods. Species differed considerably in their tissue δ15N values, but we found poor isotopic segregation of species according to our a priori classifications as insectivores or omnivores. Season accounted for considerable variance in tissue δ15N values. However, only American Robin ( Turdus migratorius L., 1766), Northern Oriole ( Icterus galbula (L., 1758)), Gray Catbird ( Dumetella carolinensis (L., 1766)), Least Flycatcher ( Empidonax minimus (W.M. Baird and S.F. Baird, 1843)), and Warbling Vireo ( Vireo gilvus (Vieillot, 1808)) showed expected decrease in winter-grown tissue δ15N values compared with those grown in late summer. This indicates either that our a priori guild associations were incorrect and (or) that using stable isotopes to track frugivory at continental scales is problematic. We recommend that the isotope technique be used to track frugivory only in well-constrained systems where food-web δ15N follows reliable and understood trophic enrichment patterns.
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Kelly, Jeffrey F. "Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 1 (February 28, 2000): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-165.

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Differential fractionation of stable isotopes of carbon during photosynthesis causes C4 plants and C3 plants to have distinct carbon-isotope signatures. In addition, marine C3 plants have stable-isotope ratios of carbon that are intermediate between C4 and terrestrial C3 plants. The direct incorporation of the carbon-isotope ratio (13C/12C) of plants into consumers' tissues makes this ratio useful in studies of animal ecology. The heavy isotope of nitrogen (15N) is preferentially incorporated into the tissues of the consumer from the diet, which results in a systematic enrichment in nitrogen-isotope ratio (15N/14N) with each trophic level. Consequently, stable isotopes of nitrogen have been used primarily to assess position in food chains. The literature pertaining to the use of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in animal trophic ecology was reviewed. Data from 102 studies that reported stable-isotope ratios of carbon and (or) nitrogen of wild birds and (or) mammals were compiled and analyzed relative to diet, latitude, body size, and habitat moisture. These analyses supported the predicted relationships among trophic groups. Carbon-isotope ratios differed among species that relied on C3, C4, and marine food chains. Likewise, nitrogen-isotope ratios were enriched in terrestrial carnivorous mammals relative to terrestrial herbivorous mammals. Also, marine carnivores that ate vertebrates had nitrogen-isotope ratios that were enriched over the ratios of those that ate invertebrates. Data from the literature also indicated that (i) the carbon-isotope ratio of carnivore bone collagen was inversely related to latitude, which was likely the result of an inverse relationship between the proportion of carbon in the food chain that was fixed by C4 plants and latitude; (ii) seabirds and marine mammals from northern oceans had higher nitrogen-isotope ratios than those from southern oceans; (iii) the nitrogen-isotope ratios of terrestrial mammals that used xeric habitats were higher than the ratios of those that used mesic habitats, indicating that water stress can have important effects on the nitrogen-isotope ratio; (iv) there was no relationship between body mass and nitrogen-isotope ratio for either bone collagen or muscle of carnivores; and (v) there was linear covariation between stable-isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in marine food chains (but not in terrestrial C3 or C4 food chains), which is likely a product of increases in carbon-isotope ratio with trophic level in marine food chains. Differences in stable-isotope composition among trophic groups were detected despite variation attributable to geographic location, climate, and analytical techniques, indicating that these effects are large and pervasive. Consequently, as knowledge of the distribution of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen increases, they will probably become an increasingly important tool in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology.
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Louys, Julien, Peter Ditchfield, Carlo Meloro, Sarah Elton, and Laura C. Bishop. "Stable isotopes provide independent support for the use of mesowear variables for inferring diets in African antelopes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1746 (August 29, 2012): 4441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1473.

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We examine the relationship between mesowear variables and carbon and nitrogen isotopes in 16 species of African antelope (Mammalia: Bovidae). We show significant differences in carbon and nitrogen isotope values between individuals exhibiting sharp versus round cusps, and high versus low occlusal relief. We show significant correlations between mesowear variables and both carbon and nitrogen isotopes. We find significant correlations between mesowear score and nitrogen, but not carbon isotopes. Finally, we find no significant correlations between hypsodonty index and either isotope examined. Our results provide strong support for the use of mesowear variables in palaeodietary reconstructions of antelopes. Our results further suggest that for the antelopes examined here, mesowear signals are a direct result of diet, while hyposodonty may be the result of phylogenetic legacy.
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Kristensen, D. K., E. Kristensen, M. C. Forchhammer, A. Michelsen, and N. M. Schmidt. "Arctic herbivore diet can be inferred from stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in C3 plants, faeces, and wool." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 10 (October 2011): 892–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-073.

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The use of stable isotopes in diet analysis usually relies on the different photosynthetic pathways of C3 and C4 plants, and the resulting difference in carbon isotope signature. In the Arctic, however, plant species are exclusively C3, and carbon isotopes alone are therefore not suitable for studying arctic herbivore diets. In this study, we examined the potential of both stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to reconstruct the diet of an arctic herbivore, here the muskox ( Ovibos moschatus (Zimmermann, 1780)), in northeast Greenland. The isotope composition of plant communities and functional plant groups was compared with those of muskox faeces and shed wool, as this is a noninvasive approach to obtain dietary information on different temporal scales. Plants with different root mycorrhizal status were found to have different δ15N values, whereas differences in δ13C, as expected, were less distinct. As a result, our examination mainly relied on stable nitrogen isotopes. The interpretation of stable isotopes from faeces was difficult because of the large uncertainty in diet–faeces fractionation, whereas isotope signatures from wool suggested that the muskox summer diet consists of around 80% graminoids and up to 20% willows. In conclusion, the diet composition of an arctic herbivore can indeed be inferred from stable isotopes in arctic areas, despite the lack of C4 plants.
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Jung, Hyejung, Dong-Chan Koh, Yun Kim, Sung-Wook Jeen, and Jeonghoon Lee. "Stable Isotopes of Water and Nitrate for the Identification of Groundwater Flowpaths: A Review." Water 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010138.

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Nitrate contamination in stream water and groundwater is a serious environmental problem that arises in areas of high agricultural activities or high population density. It is therefore important to identify the source and flowpath of nitrate in water bodies. In recent decades, the dual isotope analysis (δ15N and δ18O) of nitrate has been widely applied to track contamination sources by taking advantage of the difference in nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios for different sources. However, transformation processes of nitrogen compounds can change the isotopic composition of nitrate due to the various redox processes in the environment, which often makes it difficult to identify contaminant sources. To compensate for this, the stable water isotope of the H2O itself can be used to interpret the complex hydrological and hydrochemical processes for the movement of nitrate contaminants. Therefore, the present study aims at understanding the fundamental background of stable water and nitrate isotope analysis, including isotope fractionation, analytical methods such as nitrate concentration from samples, instrumentation, and the typical ranges of δ15N and δ18O from various nitrate sources. In addition, we discuss hydrograph separation using the oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of water in combination with the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes of nitrate to understand the relative contributions of precipitation and groundwater to stream water. This study will assist in understanding the groundwater flowpaths as well as tracking the sources of nitrate contamination using the stable isotope analysis in combination with nitrate and water.
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Ubelaker, Douglas H., and Douglas W. Owsley. "Isotopic Evidence for Diet in the Seventeenth-Century Colonial Chesapeake." American Antiquity 68, no. 1 (January 2003): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3557036.

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Excavations of colonial period sites in Maryland and Virginia have produced human remains dating to the seventeenth century. In this study, we analyze stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen from these remains to explore aspects of the diets of the individuals represented. Analyses of both stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were conducted on preserved protein while stable carbon isotope analysis was also conducted on preserved biological apatite. Carbon isotope values (δ13N‰) ranged from -10.5 to -20.5 for collagen and -5.1 to -12.5 for bioapatite. Nitrogen isotope values (δ15N‰) ranged from 9.9 to 14.4. The data suggest dietary diversity among the individuals examined. Three factors contribute to this diversity: the availability of maize, variation in immigration histories of the individuals, and the differing lengths of time they spent in the American colonies.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitrogen stable isotopes"

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Nilsson, Lino. "Nitrogen transformations at the Kiruna mine : The use of stable nitrogen isotopes to trace nitrogen-transforming processes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-209419.

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Release of different nitrogen compounds can cause eutrophication in lakes and rivers whichcan lead to oxygen-free environments in bottom water and in the sediment and can in turnlead to fish-deaths. Ammonium can be toxic to biota and nitrate can in high concentrationeven be toxic to humans. WHO has released a limit for nitrate concentration in drinking waterof 10mg/l. The LKAB mine in Kiruna is the largest underground iron mine in the world and isprospecting, mining and refining iron ore, with an annual production of around 28 milliontons. Release of different nitrogen compounds as a result of the explosives used during themining operations has been a known problem for some time; however the processes affectingnitrogen during the water transport have never been fully investigated. The main objective of this MSc thesis is to determine if changes in nitrogen and oxygenisotope composition can be used as a tracer for nitrogen transformation processes in the minewater at LKABs underground mine in Kiruna. Water samples were collected at key points in the water transport system and were analyzedfor isotopic composition. Isotopic and chemical data revealed two different sources of nitrateand ammonium, undetonated explosives and leachate from waste rocks. Three differentnitrogen changing processes affecting concentration of nitrate and ammonium were found:ammonium volatilization, nitrification and sorption. It was not possible to quantify theseprocesses individually. No processes which decrease the nitrate concentration were found.
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Curtis-Summers, Shirley. "Stable Isotopes of Carbon and Nitrogen and Diet." Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17856.

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Sweeting, Christopher J. "Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes as descriptors of fish trophodynamics." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405361.

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Lee, Vanessa Eileen. "Characterising dissolved nitrate in precipitation using stable nitrogen and oxygen isotopes /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2005. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,18576.

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Webb, Sarah Christine. "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in insects : the influence of diet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389063.

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Southworth, R. E. "The behaviour of the stable isotopes of nitrogen during diamond formation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1478224/.

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The study of mantle diamonds offers the possibility to investigate the geodynamic carbon cycle with an unrivalled spatial and temporal scope. Impurities in diamond, of which nitrogen is the most common, provide a window into the cycling of mantle volatiles. The isotopic compositions of carbon and nitrogen for crustal and mantle derived samples are, on average, distinct, making the carbon and nitrogen isotopic systems potentially useful indicators of interactions between crustal and mantle volatiles. For peridotitic diamonds in particular there is a very large range in δ 15N (−40 to +15 ‰) with only a small range in δ 13C (−5 ± 3 ‰). These variations in diamonds can be attributed to multistage growth from isotopically distinct reservoirs or to fractionation processes operating during single growth steps, or perhaps both. In this thesis, data from mixed-habit diamonds shows that large kinetic fractionations are unlikely to occur in nature. Data from sub-lithospheric diamonds from Juina, and diamondites from Orapa show evidence of recycling of crustal fluids as well as evidence of the involvement of primordial nitrogen during diamond formation. These data lead to the creation of a preliminary model for the deep nitrogen cycle.
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Trandel, Marlee Anne. "Nitrogen and Carbon Stable Isotopes in Organically and Conventionally Grown Tomatoes." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2013.

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Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) require high amounts of nitrogen to maximize fruit production. The type of nitrogen and timing of fertilizer applications are important in tomato production systems to reduce nitrogen losses while optimizing yields. A two-year greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of organic and inorganic fertilization treatments on nitrogen and carbon isotopic compositions of tomato plant leaves and fruit at immature and mature stages of plant growth. The carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios together will also help to better depict trends that develop from conventional versus organically grown tomatoes and their resulting water use efficiency (WUE). ‘Better Bush’ tomatoes were grown in 8 L plastic pots filled with 1:1:1 steamed-sterilized sand:silt loam soil:peat mix. Eight fertility treatments were evaluated: no fertility, synthetic Miracle Grow® (MG), organic bonemeal and bloodmeal (BB), BB with liquid Earthjuice (BBL), BB with 25% vermicompost (VC), BBL with 25% VC, MG with 25% VC, and no fertility with 25% VC. The results indicated that for both growth stages, δ15NAir differed (P ≤ 0.05) between fertility treatments, while no major differences were observed for δ13CVPDB (P > 0.05), although conventionally fertilized tomatoes with MG and MG with 25% VC tended to have lower δ13CVPDB values suggesting a greater transpirational water loss through open stomata. The organic treatments with VC had higher δ15NAir values than the conventional or no added fertility treatments for all five leaflets from three different branches, fruit skins from the first two fruit clusters, fruit juices from the first two clusters and soil samples. Generally, the 15N/14N stable isotope values of tomato foliage and fruit are distinctly different between organic and conventional fertilizers, which could provide a powerful forensic tool in fingerprinting tomatoes grown by organic farming methods. Therefore, nitrogen isotopes can distinguish among different fertility treatments and also help to label the VC applications, which are thought to provide better fertility management due to less soil leaching and volatilization.
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Vaiglova, Petra. "Neolithic agricultural management in the Eastern Mediterranean : new insight from a multi-isotope approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c8824136-da35-43b2-a700-f458d0cc2fdf.

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The work presented in this dissertation explores the nature of agro-pastoral strategies developed by Neolithic farmers as a way to understand how early food production was inter-twined with environmental and socio-economic opportunities and constraints. Towards this end, a multi-isotope approach is used to address questions of scale and intensity of crop cultivation and animal management at the archaeological sites of Kouphovouno, southern Greece, Makriyalos, northern Greece, and Çatalhöyük, south-central Turkey. Measurements of stable carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and strontium isotope values of carbonized plant remains, human and animal bone collagen and animal tooth enamel are used to examine the similarities and differences in the types of treatments that individual species of plants and animals received during the agricultural cycle at the distinct locations. The results show that farmers at the three sites developed variable methods for exploiting the arable and pastoral landscape and catering to their economic and culinary needs. The discussion considers the implications of these findings to our understanding of the complexity and adaptability of early farming systems.
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Wilson, J. M. "Natural abundance of '1'5N in soils : temporal and spatial variation in organic and inorganic N pools." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265428.

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Nair, Richard Kiran Francis. "Using stable isotopes to investigate interactions between the forest carbon and nitrogen cycles." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10573.

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Nitrogen (N) fertilization due to atmospheric deposition (NDEP ) may explain some of the net carbon (C) sink (0.6-0.7 Pg y-1) in temperate forests, but estimates of the additional C uptake due to atmospheric N additions (∆C/∆N) can vary by over an order of magnitude (5 to 200 ∆C/∆N). High estimates from several recent studies [e.g. Magnani (2007), Nature 447 848-850], deriving ∆C/∆N from regional correlations between NDEP and measures of C uptake (such as eddy covariance -derived net ecosystem production, or forest inventory data) contradict estimates from other studies, particularly those involving 15N tracer applications added as fertilizer to the forest floor. A strong ∆C/∆N effect requires nitrogen to be efficiently acquired by trees and allocated to high C:N, long-lived woody tissues, but these isotope experiments typically report relatively little (~ 20 %) of 15N added is found above-ground, with less than 5 % of the total 15N applied found in wood. Consequently the high correlation-derived ∆C/∆N estimates are often attributed to co-variation with other factors across the range of sites investigated. However, 15N-fertilization treatments often impose considerably higher total N loads than ambient NDEP , while almost all exclusively only apply mineral 15N treatments to the soil, often in a limited number of treatment events over relatively short periods of time. Excessive N deposition loads can induce negative physiological effects and limit the resulting ∆C/∆N observed, and applying treatments to the soil ignores canopy nitrogen uptake, which has been demonstrated in numerous studies. As canopies can directly take up nitrogen, the chronic, (relatively) low levels of ambient NDEP inputs from pollution may be acquired without some of the effects of heavy N loads, with trees obtaining this N before it reaches the soil, allowing canopies to substitute for, or supplement, edaphic N nutrition. The strength of this effect depends on how much N uptake can occur across the canopy under field conditions, and if this extra N supplies growth in woody tissues such as the stem, as well as the canopy. Similarly, such mineral fertilizer isotope trace experiments are also unable to trace N in the decomposing litter and humus layers of the soil, which even under heavy NDEP loading contribute most of the N utilised for forest growth. Recent literature suggests that some organic (early decomposition) forms of N may be taken up by roots. If this litter N is not retained or distributed in the same way as mineral fertilizers, its contribution to plant nutrition and ∆C/∆N may need to be reassessed under nitrogen deposition. We tested some of these assumptions in the nursery and the field. In order to facilitate litter 15N tracing, we conducted an experiment injecting large trees with 15N-NH4NO3 to create 15N-labelled litter, tracing the applied isotope into a full harvest of the canopy. Such labelled litter substitute was used to replace the litter layer in a Sitka Spruce plantation (Picea sitchensis L. (Bong.)), where the fate of this 15N from litter decomposition in the soil system was compared against the fate of 15N in deposition. Similarly, in potted Sitka Spruce saplings, we used combination treatments of 15N-labelled litter, soil-targeted 15N-deposition, and canopy targeted 15N-deposition, investigating 15N return in different age classes of above and below ground biomass. We found that i) 15N recovery in canopies (needles and branches) in our injected trees was almost all of the injected 15N five months after injection, ii) canopy application of NDEP led to 60 % 15N return in above-ground parts of saplings compared to 21 % in soil applications and iii) a litter-derived 15N source was retained 55 % more in topsoil, and 36 % more in roots, than a similar deposition 15N source applied as mineral fertilizer. We discuss the implications of such findings in the context of 15N return in different plant organs and ecosystem pools, seasonal variation in N content, and overall inferences of a forest ∆C/∆N effect. Our results suggest that the total ∆C/∆N effect driven by a high N sequestration from canopy uptake in wood is ~ 114:1, more than double that of 15N tracer experiments but not as high as upper estimates from correlative studies, and that litter-derived organic N is better retained in trees and soils in excess of similar amounts of mineral 15N from deposition. Existing forest 15N-fertilization experiments could under-estimate the overall ∆C/∆N effect of atmospheric N deposition.
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Books on the topic "Nitrogen stable isotopes"

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Sigman, Daniel M. The role of biological production in Pleistocene atmospheric carbon dioxide variations and the nitrogen isotope dynamics of the Southern Ocean. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1997.

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Cravotta, Charles Angelo. Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfer to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. Lemoyne, Pa: U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, Colo., 1995.

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Becker, Joseph F. Interchange for joint research entitled, Measurement of stable nitrogen and sulfur isotopes: Final report : September 1995 to August 1997. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Rast, Walter. Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to trace the larval striped bass food chain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California, April to September 1985. Sacramento, Calif: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Cravotta, Charles A. Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. Lemoyne, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; Denver, Colo., 1995.

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Pennsylvania. Dept. of Environmental Protection. and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O.], 2002.

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Rast, Walter. Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to trace the larval striped bass food chain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California, April to September 1985 / by Walter Rast and James E. Sutton ; prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board. Sacramento, Calif: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.

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Hesslein, Raymond H. Assessment of trophic position and food sources using stable isotopes of sulfur, carbon and nitrogen, Peace and Athabsca Rivers, 1992 and 1993. Edmonton, Alta: Northern River Basins Study, 1996.

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Segschneider, Hans-Josef. Untersuchungen zur Aufnahme und zum Einbau von anthropogenen Stickoxiden (NOx) durch Sonnenblumen und Mais mittels 15N-Isotopen-Markierung. Jülich, Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, 1994.

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Stable isotopic analysis of carbon and nitrogen as an indicator of paleodietary change among pre-state metal age societies in Northeast Thailand. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nitrogen stable isotopes"

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Marshall, John D., J. Renée Brooks, and Alan F. Talhelm. "Forest Management and Tree-Ring Isotopes." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 651–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_23.

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AbstractForest management can be improved by the mechanistic understanding that tree-ring stable isotopes provide. Key management tools include genetic selection, competing vegetation control, thinning, and fertilization. These tools frequently change environmental conditions and physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water uptake, and nitrogen cycling, which may leave isotopic signatures in tree-rings, providing detailed responses to management over decadal time periods. While data sets remain small, some trends have emerged from previous forest management studies using stable isotopes. Genotype selection sometimes shows isotopic evidence of maladaptation, especially in the presence of climate change. Competition control and thinning have different isotopic reactions depending on the dryness of the site; they generally obtain different responses depending on whether competition is primarily for aboveground (light) or belowground (water and nutrient) resources. Fertilization responses recorded in tree rings appear to be driven by initial increases in photosynthesis, and later by increases in leaf area index. Tree-ring isotopic applications can provide key insights to a much broader range of silvicultural objectives than included here, and we encourage their application in large-scale silvicultural experiments to reduce uncertainties and explain mechanisms of response. In future work, we suggest that management studies wishing to utilize tree-ring stable isotopic analysis include key ancillary measurements, especially leaf nitrogen concentrations, leaf-area index, xylemwater sources, and canopy temperature, to help support interpretation of the isotopic data.
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Savard, Martine M., and Rolf T. W. Siegwolf. "Nitrogen Isotopes in Tree Rings—Challenges and Prospects." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 361–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_12.

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AbstractNutritive, but detrimental if at high levels, several nitrogen (N) forms involved in air and soil biogeochemical reactions constitute the N load trees assimilate. Although a large body of literature describes series of tree-ring N isotopes (δ15N) as archival systems for environmental changes, several questions relative to the isotopic integrity and reproducibility of trends still linger in the dendroisotopist community. This chapter reviews the fundamentals of forest N cycling and examines trees as N receptors in their very position, at the interface between the atmosphere and pedosphere. The related scrutiny of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms regulating isotopic changes also underlines flaws and forces of tree-ring δ15N series as environmental indicators.
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Savard, Martine M., and Rolf T. W. Siegwolf. "Nitrogen Isotopes in Tree Rings—Challenges and Prospects." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 361–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_12.

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AbstractNutritive, but detrimental if at high levels, several nitrogen (N) forms involved in air and soil biogeochemical reactions constitute the N load trees assimilate. Although a large body of literature describes series of tree-ring N isotopes (δ15N) as archival systems for environmental changes, several questions relative to the isotopic integrity and reproducibility of trends still linger in the dendroisotopist community. This chapter reviews the fundamentals of forest N cycling and examines trees as N receptors in their very position, at the interface between the atmosphere and pedosphere. The related scrutiny of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms regulating isotopic changes also underlines flaws and forces of tree-ring δ15N series as environmental indicators.
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van der Sleen, Peter, Pieter A. Zuidema, and Thijs L. Pons. "Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings of Tropical Forests." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 631–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_22.

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AbstractThe study of stable isotopes in tree rings is relatively new, but growing research field in tropical forests. In this chapter, we review 53 studies that measured stable isotopes of C, O and/or N in tree rings of a total of 83 tropical tree species. Tree growth in tropical forests is generally determined by seasonality of precipitation, and not temperature. Consequently, temporal variation in both δ13C and δ18O has often been correlated to precipitation and variability of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which can affect weather systems throughout the tropics and subtropics. Currently, stable isotopes research in the tropics has mainly focused on (i) quantifying the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change on tree physiology, (ii) identifying the drivers of growth variability and reconstruction of past climate, and (iii) the identification of annual rings in wood lacking anatomically distinct growth boundaries. In addition, some initial studies used tree-ring δ15N as a tool to assess anthropogenic change of the nitrogen cycle in tropical forests. Although stable isotope analyses in the tropics still faces methodological and interpretation issues, it is becoming an important tool for understanding the functioning of tropical forests and their resilience to global change.
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van der Sleen, Peter, Pieter A. Zuidema, and Thijs L. Pons. "Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings of Tropical Forests." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 631–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_22.

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AbstractThe study of stable isotopes in tree rings is relatively new, but growing research field in tropical forests. In this chapter, we review 53 studies that measured stable isotopes of C, O and/or N in tree rings of a total of 83 tropical tree species. Tree growth in tropical forests is generally determined by seasonality of precipitation, and not temperature. Consequently, temporal variation in both δ13C and δ18O has often been correlated to precipitation and variability of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which can affect weather systems throughout the tropics and subtropics. Currently, stable isotopes research in the tropics has mainly focused on (i) quantifying the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change on tree physiology, (ii) identifying the drivers of growth variability and reconstruction of past climate, and (iii) the identification of annual rings in wood lacking anatomically distinct growth boundaries. In addition, some initial studies used tree-ring δ15N as a tool to assess anthropogenic change of the nitrogen cycle in tropical forests. Although stable isotope analyses in the tropics still faces methodological and interpretation issues, it is becoming an important tool for understanding the functioning of tropical forests and their resilience to global change.
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Saurer, Matthias, and Steve Voelker. "Intrinsic Water-Use Efficiency Derived from Stable Carbon Isotopes of Tree-Rings." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 481–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_17.

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AbstractStable carbon isotopes in tree-rings are not only useful to derive climatic information of the past. Based on the isotope fractionations during uptake and fixation of CO2, physiological information can be retrieved, namely the ratio of assimilation to stomatal conductance, which is termed the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). This crucial plant physiological trait varies among species and environments and is characteristic of how much water is lost from leaves for a certain carbon gain. iWUE is of great importance at the scale of individual plants because it can determine plant performance and survival. iWUE also contributes how closely canopy- or ecosystem-scale carbon and water fluxes are coupled or divergent, which has implications for understanding biogeochemical cycling. Carbon isotopes in tree-rings can be used to estimate how iWUE of trees has changed in the past, e.g. due to increasing CO2, nitrogen or other factors. Accordingly, many applications have explored this tool for various forest ecosystems across the globe, often reporting a strong increase in iWUE over the twentieth century. Explicit comparisons of tree-ring iWUE to growth-data obtained from the same rings can help distinguish among strategies plants employ under various environmental impacts, like increasing CO2, light limitation, drought or too much water. In this chapter, we describe the theory behind iWUE, show some limitations of the method, give examples of the combined application of iWUE and tree-ring width, discuss photosynthetic limitations of iWUE and finally show how the method has been applied in large-scale tree-ring networks.
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Winner, W. E., V. S. Berg, and P. J. Langston-Unkefer. "The Use of Stable Sulfur and Nitrogen Isotopes in Studies of Plant Responses to Air Pollution." In Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, 454–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3498-2_26.

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Virginia, R. A., W. M. Jarrell, P. W. Rundel, G. Shearer, and D. H. Kohl. "The Use of Variation in the Natural Abundance of 15N to Assess Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by Woody Plants." In Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research, 375–94. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3498-2_21.

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Rathgeber, Cyrille B. K., Gonzalo Pérez-de-Lis, Laura Fernández-de-Uña, Patrick Fonti, Sergio Rossi, Kerstin Treydte, Arthur Gessler, Annie Deslauriers, Marina V. Fonti, and Stéphane Ponton. "Anatomical, Developmental and Physiological Bases of Tree-Ring Formation in Relation to Environmental Factors." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 61–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_3.

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AbstractUnderstanding the process of wood formation and its dynamics over the growing season is fundamental to interpret the isotopic signature of tree rings. Indeed, the isotopic signal recorded in wood does not only depend on the conditions influencing carbon, water, and nitrogen uptake in the leaves and roots, but also on how these elements are translocated to the stem and incorporated into the developing xylem. Depending on environmental conditions, tree developmental stage, and physiological status, wood formation dynamics can vary greatly and produce tree-ring structures carrying specific isotopic signatures. In this chapter, we present the physiological processes involved in wood formation, along with their relationships with anatomical, developmental, and environmental factors, to understand when and how photosynthetic assimilates are progressively incorporated into the forming xylem, creating the final isotopic signature of a tree ring. First, we review current knowledge on the structure and functions of wood. Then we describe the xylogenesis process (how and when the new xylem cells produced by the cambium develop through successive differentiation phases), and its relationships with physiological, developmental, and environmental factors. Finally, we explain the kinetics of xylemcell differentiation and show why the knowledge recently acquired in this field allows us to better understand the isotopic signals in tree rings.
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Siegwolf, Rolf T. W., Martine M. Savard, Thorsten E. E. Grams, and Steve Voelker. "Impact of Increasing CO2, and Air Pollutants (NOx, SO2, O3) on the Stable Isotope Ratios in Tree Rings." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 675–710. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_24.

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AbstractAnthropogenic activities such as industrialization, land use change and intensification of agriculture strongly contribute to changes in the concentrations of atmospheric trace gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2), oxidized N compounds(NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone(O3) have particularly significant impacts on plant physiology. CO2, the substrate for plant photosynthesis, is in the focus of interest as the ambiguous effect of its increasing concentration is controversially discussed. Is its increase beneficial for plants or are plants non-responsive? NOx, a product of combustion and lightning, can have either fertilizing or toxic effects depending on the concentration and form. This is also the case for reduced forms of nitrogen(NHy), which are mostly emitted from agricultural and industrial activities. In combination CO2and N compounds can have a fertilizing effect. SO2 and ground-level O3 are mostly phytotoxic, depending on their concentrations, daily and seasonal exposure dynamics, and tree health condition. Elevated concentrations of both substances arise from industrial combustion processes and car emissions. All of the above-mentioned gaseous compounds affect plant metabolism in their specific ways and to different degrees. This impacts the isotope fractionation leaving specific fingerprints in the C, O, (H) and N isotope ratios of organic matter. In this chapter we will show how the impact of increasing CO2 and air pollutants are reflected in the isotopic ratios of tree rings. Increasing CO2 shows a considerable variation in responses of δ13C and to a minor degree in δ18O. Ozone and SO2 exposure cause an overall increase of the δ13C values in tree rings and a slight decrease in δ18O, mimicking an increase in net photosynthesis (AN) and to a minor degree in stomatal conductance (gs). However, directly measured AN and gs values show the opposite, which does not always correspond with the isotope derived gas exchange data. NO2 concentration as it is found near highly frequented freeways or industrial plants causes an increase of δ13C while δ18O decreases. This indicates an increase in both AN and gs, which corresponds well with directly measured gas exchange data. Thus the air quality situation must be taken in consideration for the interpretation of isotope values in tree rings.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nitrogen stable isotopes"

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Ford, W. I., and J. F. Fox. "Model of Nitrogen Source Allocations and Transformations Using Stable Nitrogen Isotopes." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412947.194.

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Mateu-Vicens, Guillem, Teresa Sebastián, Teresa Sebastián, Teresa Sebastián, Anna Khokhlova, Anna Khokhlova, Anna Khokhlova, et al. "CHARACTERIZATION OF NITROGEN AND CARBON STABLE ISOTOPES IN EPIPHYTIC FORAMINIFERAL MORPHOTYPES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-282630.

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Wu, Xiaoqin, Dominique Cirri Joyner, Ria Malana, Terry Hazen, and Romy Chakraborty. "Applying Stable Isotopes for Source Fingerprinting of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in Groundwater." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.2905.

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Yager, Joyce, William M. Berelson, A. Joshua West, Frank A. Corsetti, Paulina Pinedo-Gonzalez, Silvia Rosas, and David J. Bottjer. "DECREASING WATER COLUMN DENITRIFICATION BEFORE THE END-TRIASSIC EXTINCTION? INSIGHT FROM STABLE NITROGEN ISOTOPES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307816.

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Justiniano, Antonio R., and Ying Cui. "STABLE CARBON AND NITROGEN ISOTOPES OF HARDWOOD FOREST AND THE PINE BARRENS IN NEW JERSEY." In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-344267.

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Kwon, Sae Yun, and Yo Han Yang. "Ecological indicators for mercury biomonitoring using fish: Insights from compound-specific nitrogen and stable mercury isotopes." In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.10665.

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STOLLE, WAYNE T. "THE PREPARATION OF A THIRD GENERATION REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR (RTI), RADIOISOTOPICALLY LABELED WITH CARBON-14 OR TRITIUM, OR STABLE ISOTOPICALLY LABELED WITH CARBON-13 AND NITROGEN-15." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Isotopes. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812793867_0022.

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Calderon-Convers, Liliana, Ying Cui, and Shijun Jiang. "EARLY EOCENE HYPERTHERMALS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TETHYS: INSIGHT FROM TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY AND STABLE CARBON AND NITROGEN ISOTOPES." In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-345399.

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Adenan, Mohd Noor Hidayat, Zainon Othman, Salmah Moosa, Simon Kelly, Aiman Abrahim, Zawiyah Sharif, Nurhazwani Abd Rahman, et al. "Determination of the geographical origin of Malaysian edible bird’s nest by carbon, nitrogen and sulphur (CNS) stable isotopes." In APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS IN TECHNICAL AND NATURAL SCIENCES: 12th International On-line Conference for Promoting the Application of Mathematics in Technical and Natural Sciences - AMiTaNS’20. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0031893.

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Bartoszek, L., P. Koszelnik, and R. Gruca-Rokosz. "The carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes content in sediments as an indicator of the trophic status of artificial water reservoirs." In The Fifth National Congress of Environmental Engineering. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315281971-12.

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Reports on the topic "Nitrogen stable isotopes"

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Mann, L. J., and W. H. Low. Tritium, stable isotopes and nitrogen in flow from selected springs that discharge to the Snake River, Twin Falls-Hagerman area, Idaho, 1990-93. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/155221.

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Ballentine, C. J., Alexander N. Halliday, and B. Sherwood Lollar. Conbined noble gas and stable isotope constraints on nitrogen gas sources within sedimentary basins. Final report for period 15 March 1996 - 14 March 1999 extended to 14 March 2000. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810582.

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Johnston, David, Scott David Wankel, Carolyn Buchwald, and Colleen Hansel. Constraining the role of iron in environmental nitrogen transformations. Dual stable isotope systematics of abiotic NO2- reduction by Fe(II) and its production of N2O. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1214871.

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Use of stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur to identify sources of nitrogen in surface waters in the lower Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania. US Geological Survey, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wsp2497.

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Tritium, stable isotopes, and nitrogen in flow from selected springs that discharge to the Snake River, Twin Falls-Hagerman area, Idaho, 1990-93. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri944247.

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Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to trace the larval striped bass food chain in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, California, April to September 1985. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri884164.

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