Journal articles: 'Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms'

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Bielikova, O. Yu, N. A. Matvieieva, L. S. Yastremskaya, and A. B. Tashyrev. "The determination of the stability of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms of the soil of Ecuador to toxic metals CrO42–, Ni2+, Cu2+." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 23 (September 9, 2018): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v23.1026.

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Aim. The aim of the work was to determine the stability of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms isolated from the rhizosphere of bromelia (Ecuador), to the effect of toxic metals. Methods. Microorganisms were isolated on the Ashby nutrient medium. The selected strains were cultured on a medium with Cu2+ (Cu (ІІ) citrate) from 50 to 500 mg/l by cation in steps of 50; Ni2+ (NiCl2) from 20 to 200 mg/l by cation in steps of 20; Cr (VI) (K2CrO4) from 20 to 100 mg/l with Cr (VI) in increments of 20. The growth of microorganisms in the presence of metals was characterized by the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of metals, duration of lag phase and the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms with increasing concentration of toxic metals. Results. The selected dominant nitrogen-fixing microorganisms from the soil of Ecuador were resistant to toxic metals (Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr (VI)) in high concentrations. It was found that MPC for microbial communities of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms were: 40 mg/l Cr (VI), 300 mg/l Cu2+ and 100 mg/l Ni2+. Conclusions. It was shown that the selected dominant nitrogen-fixing microorganisms from the Ecuadorian soil were resistant to toxic metals (Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr (VI)) in high concentrations, which in 4–30 times exceed the damage or bactericidal concentrations for the majority of known organophosphate microorganisms of natural ecosystems. Keywords: metalresistance, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, Cu2+, Ni2+, Cr (VI).

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Voqqosov, Zuxriddin, Maftuna Ikramova, and Madina Olimjanova. "Production of organomineral fertilizers based on local raw materials and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms." E3S Web of Conferences 486 (2024): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448605009.

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This article deals with production of organomineral fertilizers based on local raw materials cattle dung local ores (Kyzilkum phosphorite flour and Navbahor bentonite) and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Based on the experiments the following results were obtained. During 60 days the raw materials selected for the experiment were used in optimal proportions: cattle dung: bentonite: nitrogen-fixing microorganisms solution (100:5:0-4) and the main chemistry of organomineral fertilizers obtained on the basis of cattle dung. bentonite. phosphorite flour and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. Composition (CD:B:PF:NFM=100:5:5:(0-4)) was analyzed. The physico-chemical and commercial properties of the obtained new type of organomineral fertilizers were studied. The contents of organomineral fertilizer samples were analyzed by modern physicochemical methods. Composting cattle dung with local ores and processing the resulting mixture with a solution containing nitrogen-fixing microorganisms allows to further increase humic substances. assimilable forms of phosphorus and. most importantly. increase. Due to the biofixation of atmospheric molecular nitrogen. the amount of nitrogen increased by 3.4- 4.6 times.

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Kuznetsova, T. A., M. V. Vechersky, M. V. Golichenkov, N. V. Kostina, M. M. Umarov, and E. I. Naumova. "Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in the hare gastrointestinal tract." Doklady Biological Sciences 456, no. 1 (May 2014): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012496614030119.

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Mårtensson, A. M., and L. Torstensson. "Monitoring sewage sludge using heterotrophic nitrogen fixing microorganisms." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 28, no. 12 (December 1996): 1621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-0717(96)00256-8.

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Kamenev, Roman Aleksandrovich, Alisa Aleksandrovna Sevostyanova, Natalya Nikolaevna Gusakova, and Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Gudova. "Productivity of grain corn in the lower don after application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 9 (September 24, 2019): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i9pp11-17.

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The results of a three-year field experiment to study the effect of mineral fertilizers and biopreparations with active strains of associative nitrogen-fixing microorganisms on the yield and quality of corn on the ordinary chernozem of the Lower Don are presented. The application of a combination of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N60P40K40 ensured high efficiency. The increase in grain yield compared to the control option was 1.85 t / ha, or 61.3%. The increase in yield after a bacterial preparation application with a strain of associative nitrogen-fixing microorganisms 2P-7 without mineral fertilizers was 40.1%, after application of the biopreparation 2P-9 with nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers in a dose of N30P40 - 55.3%. The greatest effect in protein harvesting was after application of N60P40K40 - 81.6%, after application of 2P-7 and 2P-9 - 51.9 and 55.6%, respectively. After their combined application with nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers it increased by 20.9 and 22.2%. The level of profitability varied from 17% after application of full mineral fertilizer to 69% under the influence of biological products of associative nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.

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Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N., Meredith B. Nevers, Katarzyna Przybyla‐Kelly, Satoshi Ishii, Timothy L. King, and Aaron W. Aunins. "Great Lakes Cladophora harbors phylogenetically diverse nitrogen‐fixing microorganisms." Environmental DNA 1, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/edn3.20.

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Mohr, Wiebke, Nadine Lehnen, Soeren Ahmerkamp, Hannah K. Marchant, Jon S. Graf, Bernhard Tschitschko, Pelin Yilmaz, et al. "Terrestrial-type nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between seagrass and a marine bacterium." Nature 600, no. 7887 (November 3, 2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04063-4.

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AbstractSymbiotic N2-fixing microorganisms have a crucial role in the assimilation of nitrogen by eukaryotes in nitrogen-limited environments1–3. Particularly among land plants, N2-fixing symbionts occur in a variety of distantly related plant lineages and often involve an intimate association between host and symbiont2,4. Descriptions of such intimate symbioses are lacking for seagrasses, which evolved around 100 million years ago from terrestrial flowering plants that migrated back to the sea5. Here we describe an N2-fixing symbiont, ‘Candidatus Celerinatantimonas neptuna’, that lives inside seagrass root tissue, where it provides ammonia and amino acids to its host in exchange for sugars. As such, this symbiosis is reminiscent of terrestrial N2-fixing plant symbioses. The symbiosis between Ca. C. neptuna and its host Posidonia oceanica enables highly productive seagrass meadows to thrive in the nitrogen-limited Mediterranean Sea. Relatives of Ca. C. neptuna occur worldwide in coastal ecosystems, in which they may form similar symbioses with other seagrasses and saltmarsh plants. Just like N2-fixing microorganisms might have aided the colonization of nitrogen-poor soils by early land plants6, the ancestors of Ca. C. neptuna and its relatives probably enabled flowering plants to invade nitrogen-poor marine habitats, where they formed extremely efficient blue carbon ecosystems7.

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Umarov, Otabek, Zahro Bafayeva, and Muhammad Alimov. "Soil salinity effects on nitrogen fixers and cellulose decomposing microorganisms." E3S Web of Conferences 549 (2024): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454903016.

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This article presents data on the effect of soil salinity on the activity of nitrogen-fixing and cellulose-degrading microorganisms in alluvial soils of widely irrigated meadows in the Bukhara region. According to it, the activity of nitrogen-fixing and cellulose-decomposing microorganisms was studied as a control in non-saline soils, and scientific data was presented on how the activity of these bacteria changes in weakly saline, moderately saline, and strongly saline soils in the order of increasing levels of salinity, and which of the easily soluble salts in water had the greatest effect on it.

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Soumare, Abdoulaye, Abdala G. Diedhiou, Moses Thuita, Mohamed Hafidi, Yedir Ouhdouch, Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan, and Lamfeddal Kouisni. "Exploiting Biological Nitrogen Fixation: A Route Towards a Sustainable Agriculture." Plants 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9081011.

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For all living organisms, nitrogen is an essential element, while being the most limiting in ecosystems and for crop production. Despite the significant contribution of synthetic fertilizers, nitrogen requirements for food production increase from year to year, while the overuse of agrochemicals compromise soil health and agricultural sustainability. One alternative to overcome this problem is biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Indeed, more than 60% of the fixed N on Earth results from BNF. Therefore, optimizing BNF in agriculture is more and more urgent to help meet the demand of the food production needs for the growing world population. This optimization will require a good knowledge of the diversity of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, the mechanisms of fixation, and the selection and formulation of efficient N-fixing microorganisms as biofertilizers. Good understanding of BNF process may allow the transfer of this ability to other non-fixing microorganisms or to non-leguminous plants with high added value. This minireview covers a brief history on BNF, cycle and mechanisms of nitrogen fixation, biofertilizers market value, and use of biofertilizers in agriculture. The minireview focuses particularly on some of the most effective microbial products marketed to date, their efficiency, and success-limiting in agriculture. It also highlights opportunities and difficulties of transferring nitrogen fixation capacity in cereals.

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Liu, Jiaying, Yawei Wei, Haitao Du, Wenxu Zhu, Yongbin Zhou, and You Yin. "Effects of Intercropping between Morus alba and Nitrogen Fixing Species on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Diversity." Forests 13, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091345.

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The intercropping of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing tree species changed the availability of soil nitrogen and soil microbial community structure and then affected the regulation process of soil carbon and nitrogen cycle by microorganisms in an artificial forest. However, there is no consensus on the effect of soil nitrogen on soil microorganisms. In this study, the intercropping of mulberry and twigs was completed through pot experiments. Total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil were determined, and the composition and structure of the soil microbial community were visualized by PCR amplification and 16S rRNA ITS sequencing. The analysis found that the intercropping of Morus alba L. and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. had no significant effect on soil pH but significantly increased the contents of total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the soil. The effect on the alpha diversity of the bacterial community was not significant, but the effect on the evenness and diversity of the fungal community was significant (p < 0.05). It was also found that soil nutrients had no significant effect on bacterial community composition but had a significant effect on the diversity within the fungal community. This study added theoretical support for the effects of intercropping between non-nitrogen-fixing tree species and nitrogen-fixing tree species on soil nutrients and microbial community diversity.

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Sattarova, Rano, and Nigora Khakimova. "Antagonistic spectrum of action of saprophite microorganisms on phytopathogenic bacteria." E3S Web of Conferences 381 (2023): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338101005.

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The antagonistic activity of 41 strains of various physiological groups of saprophytic soil spore-bearing and non-spore-bearing microorganisms to seven species of phytopathogenic bacteria was studied. It was found that out of 40 strains, only 10 did not have this property, the remaining strains showed an antimicrobial spectrum to phytopathogenic bacteria, but their spectrum of action was not the same. It is known that representatives of useful soil microflora are nitrogen-fixing microorganisms capable of fixing molecular nitrogen, as well as contributing to the enrichment of nitrogen forms digestible for plants, thereby increasing soil fertility. Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms include free-living bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, which most intensively develop in the rhizosphere zone of plant roots and on their surface, as well as symbiotic nodule bacteria of the genus Rhizobium penetrating into the root system of leguminous plants and forming nodules on the bottom. Studies have been carried out to study the effect of metabolites in the studied antagonists on the survival of Azotobacter and nodule bacteria. It has been established that the culture liquid of the studied antagonists does not have a detrimental effect on the studied bacteria of the genus Azotobacter and the genus Rhizobium.

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Li, Yaying, Fuxia Pan, and Huaiying Yao. "Response of symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to nitrogen fertilizer application." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 4 (November 21, 2018): 1948–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2192-z.

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Pleshakova, Y. V., E. V. Glinskaya, A. S. Korobeinikova, D. M. Golubev, A. Sh Sheudzhen, and M. V. Reshetnikov. "Microbiological assessment of the state of urban soils of the oil and gas region on the example of the territory of Kogalym." Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, no. 3 (October 4, 2023): 352–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1684-7318-2023-3-352-373.

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In the course of this work, the total numbers of heterotrophic microorganisms and the numbers of microbes participating in the nitrogen cycle (ammonifying, denitrifying, nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing ones) in urban and natural (background) soils of Kogalym were estimated. A relation between the obtained results with geochemical indicators was revealed. Our microbiological analysis showed the predominance of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in urban soils (5.0×104 – 2.0×106 CFU/g of soil), which were on average 44 less than in natural soils. In the last ones the average number of denitrifying microorganisms was 7.0×104 CFU/g of soil, exceeding 1.3 times their number in urban soils. Based on the information obtained, microbial contents in the soils of Kogalym were established as a row: nitrogen fixators > ammonifiers > heterotrophs > denitrifiers; in background samples: denitrifiers > ammonifiers > heterotrophs > nitrogen fixators. According to the data of ecological and geochemical analysis, an excess of the MPC of mobile forms of heavy metals, such as Cu, Ni and Zn, was revealed in the Eastern Industrial zone of the city. A significant inverse correlation was revealed between the number of denitrifying microorganisms in the Kogalym soil microbiocenoses and the content of mobile Ni and Cu forms, which points to a possible negative effect of these metals on the development of denitrifiers. The minimum number of ammonifying, denitrifying and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms was found in the Eastern Industrial zone, especially in the soil samples that were taken near the railway. On the whole, the absence of noticeable differences in the microorganisms` content of the studied groups in urban and natural soils indicates a low level of soil pollution in Kogalym. The obtained results represent the basis for subsequent ecological monitoring of the soils in the city and adjacent oil-producing areas, forecasting the environmental consequences of anthropogenic activities in these territories.

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P, MARIMUTHU, MAHESWARI M, DORAISAMY P, and GUNASEKARAN S. "Isolation and characterization of nitrogen fixing anaerobes and facultive anaerobes from paddy ecosystem." Madras Agricultural Journal 88, December (2001): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00387.

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The importance of nitrogen fixing activity of Clostridium pasteurianum and Klebsiella pneumonia in flooded soils is known for decades. The anaerobic and facultative anaerobic nitrogen fixing microorganisms were isolated from the flooded paddy ecosystem. Their growth on carbon sources, CO, production, denitrification, volatile fatty acid production, nitrogenase activity and protein profile of the cultures were estimated and characterized as Clostridium and Klebsiella.

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Ashfaq, Kareem, Behzad Zafar, Shamsur Rehman, Iftikhar Shah, Subbuktageen Khan, Ubaid Ullah, Umar Farooq, Talha Hashim, Shahzeb Khan, and Rizwan. "Vigor and Viability of Harvested Barley Seeds as Affectd by Phosphorus Levels and Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria." International Journal of Sustainability in Research 1, no. 4 (November 14, 2023): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijsr.v1i4.416.

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Out of three macro nutrients, phosphorus (P) is one of the main nutrients and necessary for plant growth. N2 fixing bacteria are microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen. The presented research was conducted to estimate the effect of phosphorus levels and nitrogen fixing bacteria on the vigor and viability of harvested barley seeds at Agronomy Research LabOut of three macro nutrients, phosphorus (P) is one of the main nutrients and necessary for plant growth. N2 fixing bacteria are microorganisms capable of transforming atmospheric nitrogen into fixed nitrogen. The presented research was conducted to estimate the effect of phosphorus levels and nitrogen fixing bacteria on the vigor and viability of harvested barley seeds at Agronomy Research Laboratory, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during Rabi season 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having four replications. The experiment is consisted of two-factors in which one factor was nitrogen fixing bacteria (with and without) and the other was phosphorus levels (40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1) with control. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all parameters and interaction. Based on experimental results phosphorus applied at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 significantly increased germination (86.25 %), germination rate (6.16), seedling length (21.82 cm) and root fresh weight (0.04 g). The application of nitrogen fixing bacteria shows positive response in all the parameters. N2 fixing bacteria significantly increased germination (86.50 %), germination rate (6.17), seedling length (20.60 cm) and root fresh weight (0.04 g). Interaction between phosphorus level and nitrogen fixing bacteria was found significant for seedling length and shoot fresh weight. It was concluded that phosphorus applied at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 with nitrogen fixing bacteria is recommended for increasing vigor and viability of harvested barley seeds. oratory, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during Rabi season 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having four replications. The experiment is consisted of two-factors in which one factor was nitrogen fixing bacteria (with and without) and the other was phosphorus levels (40, 60 and 80 kg ha-1) with control. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all parameters and interaction. Based on experimental results phosphorus applied at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 significantly increased germination (86.25 %), germination rate (6.16), seedling length (21.82 cm) and root fresh weight (0.04 g). The application of nitrogen fixing bacteria shows positive response in all the parameters. N2 fixing bacteria significantly increased germination (86.50 %), germination rate (6.17), seedling length (20.60 cm) and root fresh weight (0.04 g). Interaction between phosphorus level and nitrogen fixing bacteria was found significant for seedling length and shoot fresh weight. It was concluded that phosphorus applied at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 with nitrogen fixing bacteria is recommended for increasing vigor and viability of harvested barley seeds.

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Autko, A. A., L. A. Sukhovitskaya, H. V. Safronava, An A. Autko, O. V. Poznyak, and N. V. Korolenok. "MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS AS THE REGULATION FACTORS OF AGRONOMICALLY VALUABLE MICROORGANISMS NUMBER IN SOIL AND RHIZOSPHERE OF VEGETABLE CULTURES." Agriciltural microbiology 8 (May 5, 2009): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.8.7-16.

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孙, 向平. "Research Progress on Nitrogen Fixing Microorganisms of Southern Economic Crops." Hans Journal of Agricultural Sciences 12, no. 07 (2022): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjas.2022.127076.

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Yu, Feng-Ming, Ruvishika Shehali Jayawardena, Naritsada Thongklang, Meng-Lan Lv, Xue-Tai Zhu, and Qi Zhao. "Morel Production Associated with Soil Nitrogen-Fixing and Nitrifying Microorganisms." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8030299.

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True morels (Morchella, Pezizales) cultivated in soil are subject to complex influences from soil microbial communities. To explore the characteristics of soil microbial communities on morel cultivation, and evaluate whether these microbes are related to morel production, we collected 23 soil samples from four counties in Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces, China. Based on ITS and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, the alpha diversity analysis indicated that the biodiversity of morel cultivation soil showed a downward trend compared with the bare soil. The results also showed that there were no significant differences in soil microbial communities between OC (bare soil) and OO (after one-year suspension of sowing). This means that, after about one year of stopping sowing, the component and structure of soil that once cultivated morel would be restored. In co-occurrence networks, some noteworthy bacterial microbes involved in nitrogen fixation and nitrification have been identified in soils with high morel yields, such as Arthrobacter, Bradyhizobium, Devosia, Pseudarthrobacter, Pseudolabrys, and Nitrospira. In contrast, in soils with low or no morel yield, some pathogenic fungi accounted for a high proportion, including Gibberella, Microidium, Penicillium, Sarocladium, Streptomyces, and Trichoderma. This study provided valuable information for the isolation and culturing of some beneficial microbes for morel cultivation in further study and, potentially, to harness the power of the microbiome to improve morel production and health.

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Normand, Philippe, and Jean Bouquet. "Phylogeny of nitrogenase sequences inFrankia and other nitrogen-fixing microorganisms." Journal of Molecular Evolution 29, no. 5 (November 1989): 436–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02602914.

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Aung, Ayme, San San Yu, and Tin May Sev. "Development of cellulolytic nitrogen-fixing activity of Azotobacter spp. by transposon mutagenesis." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 5, no. 4 (August 25, 2016): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2016.5406.

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The chemical mutagenized microorganisms used in this study were nitrogen-fixing bacteria; Azotobacter chrococcum and Azotobacter benjerinkii which were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kyaukse. Transposon mutagenesis was studied on these strains to get dual activities such as nitrogen-fixing and cellulolytic activities by using recombinant Escherichia coli S17 carrying cellulase gene from Rhizobium leguminosarum. The targeted strains that carry the transposon were selected on the Glucose Nitrogen Free Mineral Medium which contains chloramphenicol (0.6 mg/20ml) and kanamycin (0.4mg/20ml). Nitrogen-fixing activity of Azotobacter spp. was detected by the colour changes in Glucose Nitrogen Free Mineral Medium (G-NFM) containing trace amount of Bromothymol Blue (BTB) as indicator and ammonium test kit. Cellulolytic activity of Azotobacter spp. before and after transposon mutagenesis was detected by both plate screening method and by Dinitrosalicylic colorimetric method. The nitrogen-fixing activities of the strains were almost the same before and after transposon mutagenesis. Cellulolytic activity measured in Glucose Nitrogen Free Mineral Medium was the highest in 5 days incubation.

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Bhodiwal, Shweta. "Enhancing Nitrogen Fixating Species as Potential for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability in Agriculture." Progress in Medical Sciences 6, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/pms/2022(6)179.

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Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) alludes to a microbial intervened process based on an enzymatic "Nitrogenase" change of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium promptly absorbable by roots. N2-fixing microorganisms altogether named as "diazotrophs" can fix organically N2 in associate with plant roots.

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Bravo, Guillermo, Paulina Vega-Celedón, Juan Carlos Gentina, and Michael Seeger. "Bioremediation by Cupriavidus metallidurans Strain MSR33 of Mercury-Polluted Agricultural Soil in a Rotary Drum Bioreactor and Its Effects on Nitrogen Cycle Microorganisms." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121952.

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Nitrogen cycle microorganisms are essential in agricultural soils and may be affected by mercury pollution. The aims of this study are to evaluate the bioremediation of mercury-polluted agricultural soil using Cupriavidus metallidurans MSR33 in a rotary drum bioreactor (RDB) and to characterize the effects of mercury pollution and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms. An agricultural soil was contaminated with mercury (II) (20–30 ppm) and subjected to bioremediation using strain MSR33 in a custom-made RDB. The effects of mercury and bioremediation on nitrogen cycle microorganisms were studied by qPCR. Bioremediation in the RDB removed 82% mercury. MSR33 cell concentrations, thioglycolate, and mercury concentrations influence mercury removal. Mercury pollution strongly decreased nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacterial communities in agricultural soils. Notably, after soil bioremediation process nitrogen-fixing and nitrifying bacteria significantly increased. Diverse mercury-tolerant strains were isolated from the bioremediated soil. The isolates Glutamicibacter sp. SB1a, Brevundimonas sp. SB3b, and Ochrobactrum sp. SB4b possessed the merG gene associated with the plasmid pTP6, suggesting the horizontal transfer of this plasmid to native gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bioremediation by strain MSR33 in an RDB is an attractive and innovative technology for the clean-up of mercury-polluted agricultural soils and the recovery of nitrogen cycle microbial communities.

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Sholiak, K. V., S. О. Hnatush, T. B. Peretyatko, and S. P. Gudz. "Мікробоценози стічних вод Львова на різних етапах очищення." Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 4, no. 2 (December 2, 2013): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021313.

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The aim of this work was to investigate some physiological groups of microorganisms which are components of wastewater microbiocenoses. Microorganisms were grown in Petri dishes containing 20–30 ml agar selective medium and in 25 ml tubes at a temperature +30 ºC. The selective media were: wort agar for microscopic fungi and yeasts, Hutchinson medium for the cellulose-destroying microorganisms, starch-ammonium medium for microorganisms that can utilize mineral nitrogen forms, Postgate B medium for sulfate-reducing bacteria, Vinogradsky medium for nitrifying bacteria, Ashby medium for the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Chapek medium for the actinomycetes. 1 mM Cr (VI) (104 mg/l) in the form of К2Cr2О7 was added to the medium. The number of colonies was determined by the Koch method. We studied wastewater microbocenoses of Lviv city at various stages of purification. We showed that the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms differed significantly in primary and secondary clarifiers, the aerotank and sludge at different stages of sewage treatment. In the initial stages of purification, in the primary sump, bacteria that reached the treatment plant with sewage were found. Nitrifying bacteria (7.1 × 106colony forming units (CFU)/ml), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (9.0 × 106CFU/ml), and fungi (3.4 × 106 CFU/ml) dominated. The qualitative composition of microorganisms in primary clarifiers and the aerotank was similar, but their number in the aerotank was significantly higher than in the primary sump: 1.5 × 107 CFU/ml of nitrifying bacteria, 1.4 × 107CFU/ml of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 6.7 × 106CFU/ml of fungi. The ratio of different physiological groups of microorganisms in the active sludge changed significantly. The predominant microorganisms were those that assimilate mineral forms of nitrogen (65%), their number was 1.6 × 108CFU/ml. In the secondary clarifier, the largest group was cellulose-destroying microorganisms (6.0 × 105CFU/ml). However, their numbers in the secondary sump were lower compared to their numbers in the aerotank and sludge (1.5–3.9 × 106CFU/ml). Among the representatives of various physiological groups of bacteria a significant number of chromium-resistant strains was detected. The largest number of chromium-resistant strains was detected in the active sludge and aerotank, which is probably due to the recirculation of microorganisms in the wastewater treatment. The highest percentage of Cr (VI) resistant microorganisms was among sulphate-reducing bacteria. An increase in the percentage of chromium-resistant microorganisms occurred together with the lowering of the total number of microorganisms of a certain physiological group. These microorganisms could prove useful for the development of biotechnological methods wastewater treatment to eliminate chromium compounds, which are highly toxic to living organisms.

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Bai, Lu, Yingming Yang, Ziyue Shi, Yiping Zou, Huixin Zhou, and Jianli Jia. "Improvement of Low-Fertility Soils from a Coal Mining Subsidence Area by Immobilized Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria." Processes 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061185.

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Coal mining subsidence leads to reductions in soil fertility. In order to improve soil physical and chemical properties and to promote vegetation restoration, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium named S1 was isolated from the coal mining subsidence area in the Shendong mining area, and a zeolite-immobilized nitrogen-fixing bacterium was studied to improve the soil in the subsidence area. The results show that the immobilized nitrogen-fixing bacteria can significantly improve the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of soil by 50 times and 0.6 times, respectively, at 20 days, and it can also improve organic matter. In pot experiments, it was found that immobilized microorganisms can improve germination rate, plant height and the dry and fresh weight of maize. The results of the above soil culture tests and pot experiments were then compared and analyzed. It was found that plants made obvious use of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and planting the plants was conducive to increases in soil organic matter.

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Jokanovic, Svetlana, and Mirjana Jarak. "The effect of use of nitrogen-fixators in forage pea production." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 105 (2003): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0305075j.

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Microorganisms are the most numerous group of living organisms in the pedosphere. They encompass bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, protozoa and lichens. Their numbers amount to several million per one gram of absolutely dry soil while their biomass amounts to 5-20 tons per hectare. The aims of this investigation were to examine the effect of application of root nodule bacteria (single strain, mixture of strains, microbiological fertilizer "Nitragin") on the total number of microorganisms, the numbers of fungi actinomycetes, azotobacters, free nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammonifiers and the activity of dehydrogenase, as well as how the application of bacteria affects some parameters of nitrogen fixation (dry mater mass, percentage and content of nitrogen). In the variant with "Nitragin", the total number of microorganisms and the numbers of fungi, azotobacters and free N-fixing bacteria increased. The largest number of actino-myceles was found in the variant with the mixture of strains. The largest number of ammonifiers was found in the variant with the single strain. The dehydrogenase activity, dry mater mass, percentage and content of nitrogen were increased in the variants with the single strain and the mixture of strains.

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Pérez-Vargas, J., H. M. Poggi-Varaldo, G. Calva-Calva, E. Ríos-Leal, R. Rodríguez-Vázquez, R. Ferrera-Cerrato, and F. Esparza-García. "Nitrogen-fixing bacteria capable of utilising kerosene hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (September 1, 2000): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0542.

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Several nitrogen fixing consortia (NFC) were isolated from kerosene contaminated soil, where Phaseolus vulgaris plants were being cultivated. The capability of these consortia for kerosene hydrocarbons removal was investigated and demonstrated. The NFC cultivated under aerobic conditions, and kerosene as sole carbon source, effected a maximum of 75% of reduction of the total kerosene hydrocarbons. Also, from experiments conducted to evaluate their atmospheric nitrogen fixing capability, all consortia showed nitrogenase activity: from 4 to 183 nmol N2/3E09 bacteria.day. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows a group of bacteria with the dual characteristic of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and capability to use kerosene hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source. Application of these microorganisms to soil bioremediation processes is discussed.

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Zhao, Guangxu. "Beneficial microorganisms in agriculture." International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 3, 2023): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijbls.v2i1.5620.

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Beneficial microorganisms are used more and more frequently in the field of agriculture. Beneficial microorganisms can be divided into growth promoting bacteria and biocontrol bacteria. Growth promoting bacteria include improving the nutritional state of plants (such as nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, etc.) and improving the state of plants themselves (producing plant hormones, ACC deaminase, ferricarrier, etc.). Beneficial microorganisms are often used as biofertilizers in agricultural production and multifunctional biofertilizers are preferred. In this paper, the classification of beneficial microorganisms and their application in agriculture were reviewed in order to provide reference for the study of beneficial microorganisms.

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Zehr, Jonathan P., Mark T. Mellon, and Sabino Zani. "New Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganisms Detected in Oligotrophic Oceans by Amplification of Nitrogenase (nifH) Genes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 3444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.9.3444-3450.1998.

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ABSTRACT Oligotrophic oceanic waters of the central ocean gyres typically have extremely low dissolved fixed inorganic nitrogen concentrations, but few nitrogen-fixing microorganisms from the oceanic environment have been cultivated. Nitrogenase gene (nifH) sequences amplified directly from oceanic waters showed that the open ocean contains more diverse diazotrophic microbial populations and more diverse habitats for nitrogen fixers than previously observed by classical microbiological techniques. Nitrogenase genes derived from unicellular and filamentous cyanobacteria, as well as from the α and γ subdivisions of the class Proteobacteria, were found in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. nifH sequences that cluster phylogenetically with sequences from sulfate reducers or clostridia were found associated with planktonic crustaceans. Nitrogenase sequence types obtained from invertebrates represented phylotypes distinct from the phylotypes detected in the picoplankton size fraction. The results indicate that there are in the oceanic environment several distinct potentially nitrogen-fixing microbial assemblages that include representatives of diverse phylotypes.

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Ivanenko, I. I., and E. Ya Lapatina. "Research of selection of microorganisms for decomposition of petroleum products with increased nitrogenase activity in laboratory bioreactor." Вестник гражданских инженеров 17, no. 4 (2020): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-4-144-149.

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The article presents the results of studies on decomposition of petroleum products, on the example of diesel fuel, the investigation having been carried out in a bioreactor with loading of immobilized microorganisms specially selected and adapted to the destruction of hydrocarbons. In the course of the investigation, 25 micro-organism culture strains were isolated from crude oil by selection, the strains had different destructive activity relative to hydrocarbons of the paraffin fraction of diesel fuel and nitrogen-fixing ability. Further, selection was carried out along with oxidation of hydrocarbons and according to the ability of microorganisms to nitrogen fixation. Such microorganisms during oxidation of hydrocarbons will allow reducing the content of biogens in purified water. Part of the microorganisms was identified and the nitrogenase activity of pseudomonades was investigated. When growing on diesel hydrocarbons in a bioreactor, nitrogen assimilation is most active in Rhodococcus erythopoltis R-2 culture and equals 10.52 nmol C2H4/mg protein per hour. The maximum nitrogenase activity has the association of bioreactor destructive cultures obtained by the authors, which, when growing on diesel oil products is 23.7 nmol C2H4/mg protein per hour, which is 2.3 times higher than the nitrogen-fixing capacity of Rhodococcus erythropoltis R-2. There was studied the rate of hydrocarbon degradation, оn the seventh day of cultivation, the degradation of paraffinic hydrocarbons in nitrogen-free media is 68%, whereas in the presence of ammonium nitrogen it reached - 87 %. These investigations have determined the ability of isolated cultures of oil-oxidizing bacteria to use hydrocarbons under atmospheric nitrogen assimilation conditions.

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Asrul, Asrul, and I. Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha. "ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI PENAMBAT NITROGEN UNTUK PEMBUATAN BIOFERTILIZER." VIABEL: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 15, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/viabel.v15i1.1386.

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Nitrogen is a macro nutrient needed by plants. Generally, people use inorganic fertilizers to fulfill nitrogen nutrients in plants. The problem then is, the continuous use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers has a direct negative impact on the soil and a derivative impact on human health. The use of microorganisms, in this case bacteria, to provide nitrogen to plants can be done by isolating it and making it a biological fertilizer agent. Nitrogen fixing bacteria was isolated on the land of the oil palm plantation of PT Astra Agro Lestari. The isolated nitrogen-fixing bacteria were then tested quantitatively for their ability to fix nitrogen. The bacteria with the highest nitrogen fixing ability were then identified by sequencing their DNA nucleotide bases so that the bacterial strains were identified. The result is that there are 13 bacteria that are able to fix nitrogen with the codes J1, J3, Q5, L1, L11, J31, D1, M6, M5, R1, P2, J4 and C7. The quantitative test shows that bacteria with code D1 are the best at fixing nitrogen in the form of NH4, namely 0.27 ppm. The results of D1 bacterial DNA nucleotide base sequencing showed that the putitive Bacillus aerius strain 24K with identical values and query cover reach

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Iniesta-Pallarés, Macarena, Consolación Álvarez, Francisco M. Gordillo-Cantón, Carmen Ramírez-Moncayo, Pilar Alves-Martínez, Fernando P. Molina-Heredia, and Vicente Mariscal. "Sustaining Rice Production through Biofertilization with N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 4628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104628.

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Current agricultural productivity depends on an exogenous nutrient supply to crops. This is of special relevance in cereal production, a fundamental part of the trophic chain that plays a vital role in the human diet. However, our agricultural practices entail highly detrimental side-effects from an environmental point of view. Long-term nitrogen fertilization in croplands results in degradation of soil, water, and air quality, producing eutrophication and subsequently contributing to global warming. In accordance with this, there is a biotechnological interest in using nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to enhance crop growth without adding chemically synthesized nitrogen fertilizers. This is particularly beneficial in paddy fields, where about 60% of the synthetic fertilizer that has been applied is dissolved in the water and washed away. In these agricultural systems, N2-fixing cyanobacteria show a promising biotechnological potential as biofertilizers, improving soil fertility while reducing the environmental impact of the agricultural practice. In the current study, Andalusian paddy fields have been explored to isolate N2-fixing cyanobacteria. These endogenous microorganisms have been subsequently re-introduced in a field trial in order to enhance rice production. Our results provide valuable insights regarding the use of an alternative natural source of nitrogen for rice production.

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Zehr, Jonathan P., Edward J. Carpenter, and Tracy A. Villareal. "New perspectives on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in tropical and subtropical oceans." Trends in Microbiology 8, no. 2 (February 2000): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(99)01670-4.

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Enagbonma, B. J., and P. O. Momoh. "PROFILING THE PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING AND NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA FROM THE RHIZOSPHERE OF Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss." Open Journal of Environmental Research (ISSN: 2734-2085) 5, no. 1 (May 24, 2024): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ojer.v5i1.632.

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Rhizospheric microorganisms play crucial roles in enhancing crop production and soil fertility maintenance and with little or no information on Talinum fruticosum rhizosphere microbiome. This research aimed to profile the phosphate-solubilizing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (PSB and NFB) inhabiting the Talinum fruticosum rhizosphere, a common vegetable crop in many tropical and subtropical regions. Soils were extracted from the Talinum fruticosum plants grown in Ekosodin Secondary School Farm at Ekosodin, Benin City, Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of PSB and NFB were carried out using cultural, morphological and biochemical, media tests. Bacillus sp., Serratia sp., Enterobacter sp., and Alcaligenes sp. isolated from the Talinum fruticosum rhizosphere were screened for their phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing abilities. Out of many isolates implicated in Talinum fruticosum rhizosphere, only Bacillus sp.was found to be positive for both nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilization test while Enterobacter sp.was positive for only nitrogen fixing test. This study supports other studies that the rhizosphere of Talinum fruticosum hosts some plant growth-promoting bacteria which when harnessed may lead to sustainable agricultural strategies for improving crop yield.

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Thilak, T. S., P. V. Madhusoodanan, N. S. Pradeep, and R. Prakashkumar. "Isolation and taxonomy of the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), Nostoc and Anabaena in Kerala State, India." Acta Botanica Hungarica 62, no. 1-2 (March 2020): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.10.

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Blue-green algae (also called cyanobacteria) are ubiquitous, pristine and pioneer photosynthetic microorganisms. Many species of cyanobacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen and such species in wet soils are simultaneously augmenting the fertility of the soil, acting as natural bio-fertilizers. Nostoc and Anabaena are the two important genera of heterocystous cyanobacteria capable of contributing nitrogen to soil, especially in paddy fields. The major objectives of the investigation included survey, collection, isolation and pure culture of nitrogen-fixing species of Cyanobacteria in the soils of Kerala state, India. Altogether, pure cultures of 12 species of Nostoc and 5 species of Anabaena are prepared.

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Volkogon, V. V., O. I. Bakun, E. I. Volkogon, N. P. Shtanko, and P. G. Dulnev. "THE INFLUENCE OF TRIMAN-1 ON ASSOCIATIVE NITROGEN FIXATION AND NITROGEN FIXING MICROORGANISMS IN BARLEY ROOT ZONE." Agriciltural microbiology 6 (February 20, 2008): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.6.29-38.

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The influence of plant growth regulator triman-1 on nitrogen fixing bacteria and nitrogen fixation process in barley root zone was studied in the laboratory and field conditions. It was shown that triman- 1 enhances associative nitrogen fixation activity when mineral nitrogen fertilizers (N30) was used. The use of triman-1 increases efficiency of associative symbiosis more effectively with the use of carboammonium salts rather than with ammonium nitrate.

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Santric, Ljiljana, Vaskrsija Janjic, and Ljiljana Radivojevic. "Effect of Fomesafen on the abundance of soil microorganisms in soybean crop." Pesticidi 18, no. 2 (2003): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif0302109s.

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Effect of the herbicide Fomesafen on the abundance of soil microorganisms was investigated. The abundance of total microflora, fungi, actinomycetes aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter) and cellulolytic bacteria was studied. Trials were set up on smonitza and alluvium soil types in laboratory environment. Fomesafen was applied at 0.2 and 0.4 kg/ha rate. Microbiological analysis was done 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after treatment. The acquired results showed that fomesafen had caused a decrease in the abundance of total microorganisms, aerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria, the highest effect being recorded in the interval between the 7th and 14th post-treatment days. The most susceptible genus was Azotobacter. Fomesafen was found to cause an increase in the abundance of actinomycetes, while no shangein fungi abundance was recorded. No difference in the intensity of effect on the investigated parameters was found between the applied rate and soil type, except a 36% reduction of total microorganisms on smonitza and 51% on alluvium, and 48% reduction of cellulolytic bacteria on smonitza and 41% on alluvium.

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Sun, Maoxiang, Xiaolong Liu, Kaiwu Shi, Futian Peng, and Yuansong Xiao. "Effects of Root Zone Aeration on Soil Microbes Species in a Peach Tree Rhizosphere and Root Growth." Microorganisms 10, no. 10 (September 20, 2022): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101879.

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The oxygen content in the root zone considerably affects the growth and development of peach trees. However, few studies have been conducted on the effects of the oxygen content in the root zones of peach trees on soil microbes and root growth. Four-year-old Ruiguang 33/Prunus persica (L.) Batsch trees were used to study the effects of root-zone aeration on soil microbes in a peach orchard, as well as on the soil nutrient contents, peach tree root systems, and plant potassium-to-nitrogen ratios. The results showed that the root-zone aeration substantially increased the soil oxygen content in the root zone and changed the soil microbial community structure. Compared with the control, the relative abundances of soil nitrogen-fixing microorganisms (Beta proteobacteria and Bradyrhizobium elkanii) and potassium-solubilizing microorganisms (Bacillus circulans) under the root-zone aeration conditions were greatly enhanced. Root-zone aeration increased the soil’s alkaline nitrogen content, available potassium content, and organic matter content, as well as the number and thickness of new white roots of peach trees, and root activity was increased significantly. At the same time, root-zone aeration changed the relative contents of total potassium and total nitrogen in the plants and considerably increased the potassium–nitrogen ratio in the shoots. The results indicate that aeration in the root zone can change the soil microbial community structure, increase the abundances of nitrogen-fixing and potassium-solubilizing microorganisms, and increase the plant potassium-to-nitrogen ratio, which are conducive to peach fruit quality.

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Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Claudia, Carolina Ospina-Betancourth, and Janeth Sanabria. "High Resistance of a Sludge Enriched with Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria to Ammonium Salts and Its Potential as a Biofertilizer." Bioengineering 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering8050055.

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The increasing use of chemical fertilizers causes the loss of natural biological nitrogen fixation in soils, water eutrophication and emits more than 300 Mton CO2 per year. It also limits the success of external bacterial inoculation in the soil. Nitrogen fixing bacteria can be inhibited by the presence of ammonia as its presence can inhibit biological nitrogen fixation. Two aerobic sludges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were exposed to high ammonium salts concentrations (>450 mg L−1 and >2 dS m−1). Microbial analysis after treatment through 16S pyrosequencing showed the presence of Fluviicola sp. (17.70%), a genus of the Clostridiaceae family (11.17%), and Azospirillum sp. (10.42%), which were present at the beginning with lower abundance. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis based on nifH genes did not show changes in the nitrogen-fixing population. Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria (NFB) were identified and associated with other microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle, presumably for survival at extreme conditions. The potential use of aerobic sludges enriched with NFB is proposed as an alternative to chemical fertilizer as this bacteria could supplement nitrogen to the plant showing competitive results with chemical fertilization.

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Tskhovrebov, Valeriy, Alexander Umarov, Vera Faizova, and Vera Lysenko. "Influence of the adoption of phosphogips and seros-containing fertilizers on the microbial population of south chernozem." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700229.

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The following field experiences were performed on the Chernozem southern carbonate: 1.Control, 2. Sulphoammophos – 150 kg/ha, 3. Sulphoammophos – 250 kg/ha, 4.Phosphogypsum – 3 t/ha, 5.Phosphogypsum – 6 t/ha, 6.Phosphogypsum – 12 t/ha, 7. Phosphogypsum – 3 t/ha ammophos –70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate, 100 kg/ha 8. Phosphogypsum – 6 t/ha ammophos -70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate, 100 kg/ha 9. Phosphogypsum – 12 t/ha ammophos–70 kg/ha ammonium nitrate, 100 kg/ha. 10. ammophos-70 kg/ha + ammonium nitrate 100 kg/ha. The determination of the number of microorganisms produced in the phase of milky-wax ripeness of winter wheat on the selective nutrient medium: meat-peptone agar – number of ammonifiers; on starch and ammonia agar – microorganisms that assimilate mineral forms of nitrogen on the Hutchinson medium – calculatorsreal the number of microorganisms on the Czapek-Dox medium – the number of micromycetes on the Ashby medium – the number of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter. Introduction phosphogypsum, sulphoammophos, ammophos and ammonium nitrate contributes to the increase in the numbers of various physiological groups of microorganisms. The highest values of the studied indicators in comparison with the control was achieved through the joint application of phosphogypsum – 12 t/ha ammophos-70kg/ha and ammonium nitrate-100kg/ha: ammonifiers on 123.4 million CFU/g (or 2.5 times); nitrifiers at 138 million CFU/g (3.3 times), microscopic fungi on 90,0 thousand CFU/g (1.7 times); cellulose-fermenting microorganisms on 250.6 thousand CFU/g (more than 2 times); aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter by 30.7 thousand CFU/g (1.5 times). Thus, the most responsive to the introduction of phosphogypsum and fertilizers microorganisms that convert mineral and organic nitrogen compounds.

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Ozhimkova, E. V., I. V. Uschapovsky, and E. M. Sulman. "EFFECTIVENESS OF NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AND NITROGEN-FIXING MICROORGANISMS ON EARLY STAGES GROWTH OF FLAX." Scientific and Technical Volga region Bulletin 6, no. 4 (August 2016): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24153/2079-5920-2016-6-4-26-28.

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Shen, Jianying, Antonio DiTommaso, Mingquan Shen, Wei Lu, and Zhengming Li. "Molecular Basis for Differential Metabolic Responses to Monosulfuron in Three Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria." Weed Science 57, no. 2 (April 2009): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-08-024.1.

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Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are vital photosynthetic microorganisms that contribute to soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen and are also important for maintaining ecosystem stability. These microorganisms can be very sensitive to herbicides because they possess many characteristics of higher plants. Six days after the application of monosulfuron at 0.03 to 0.3 nmol L−1under laboratory conditions, growth of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteriaAnabaena flos-aquae,Anabaena azollae, andAnabaena azoticawas stimulated, but at higher concentrations (30 to 300 nmol L−1) protein synthesis was inhibited. The production of 16 amino acids inA. flos-aquaewas reduced from 7 to 69% with increasing monosulfuron concentration. Application of monosulfuron at 3 to 300 nmol L−1substantially inhibited in vitro acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity as indicated by 50% inhibition index values of 3.3, 65.2, and 101.3 nmol L−1forA. flos-aquae,A. azollae, andA. azotica, respectively. In contrast, extractable ALS activity was not affected in these algal species with monosulfuron treatments ranging from 0.03 to 300 nmol L1except inA. flos-aquaeat higher concentrations (30 to 300 nmol L−1). The most sensitive species to monosulfuron wasA. flos-aquae, followed byA. azollaeandA. azotica. Molecular analyses showed that the genomic DNA ofA. azollaeandA. azoticadiffered in only one amino acid. Results from photogenetic analyses revealed a high degree of homology between these algae. In contrast, the genomic DNA ofA. flos-aquaediffered from that ofA. azollaeandA. azoticain 44 and 45 amino acids, respectively. Our findings support the view that monosulfuron toxicity in these three nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria is due to interference with protein metabolism via inhibition of branch-chain amino acid biosynthesis, and particularly ALS activity.

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Costas, Amaya Garcia, Devon L. Ragen, and John W. Peters. "Searching for Nitrogen-Fixing Microorganisms: An Original, Relevant, and Successful Early Research Experience." American Biology Teacher 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2017.79.3.191.

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A five-week research project was designed as part of a summer internship for high school students, and could also be used with educators or in introductory undergraduate research courses. This is a guided-inquiry-based project, framed within the significant issue of supplementing fertilizer use in agriculture with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. This experience exposes students to how scientists are studying real-world problems; it teaches them basic research techniques, and promotes inquiry-based learning in a real research environment. It also fills a current gap in K-12 education that lacks enough microbiology emphasis. Research interns collect soil samples from various fields and use culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques to test whether there are nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that can be isolated and identified in each soil sample. Students work in a research laboratory making nitrogen-free media; culturing, isolating, and identifying microorganisms; extracting soil DNA; and amplifying the 16S rRNA and nifH genes. We administer a pre-test and a post-test, and students present their research both in a short talk and with a poster. By hosting high school students in a research laboratory and immersing them in laboratory science, we hope to inspire them to pursue a STEM-related career.

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Álvarez, Consolación, José A. Navarro, Fernando P. Molina-Heredia, and Vicente Mariscal. "Endophytic Colonization of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by the Symbiotic Strain Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 33, no. 8 (August 2020): 1040–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-01-20-0015-sc.

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Cyanobacteria are phototrophic microorganisms able to establish nitrogen-fixing symbiotic associations with representatives of all four of the major phylogenetic divisions of terrestrial plants. Despite increasing knowledge on the beneficial effects of cyanobacteria in rice fields, the information about the interaction between these microorganisms and rice at the molecular and structural levels is still limited. We have used the model nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme to promote a long-term stable endophytic association with rice. Inoculation with this strain of hydroponic cultures of rice produces a fast adherence of the cyanobacterium to rice roots. At longer times, cyanobacterial growth in the proximity of the roots increased until reaching a plateau. This latter phase coincides with the intracellular colonization of the root epidermis and exodermis. Structural analysis of the roots revealed that the cyanobacterium use an apoplastic route to colonize the plant cells. Moreover, plant roots inoculated with N. punctiforme show both the presence of heterocysts and nitrogenase activity, resulting in the promotion of plant growth under nitrogen deficiency, thus providing benefits for the plant.

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Sotnikova, E. B., and N. V. Morgacheva. "Comparative characteristics of the microbiological composition of soils of the K.A. Timiryazev Garden of the Lipetsk region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1212, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1212/1/012035.

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Abstract The work is devoted to a comparative analysis of the quantitative and qualitative microbiological composition of soils on the territory of the former Timiryazev gardens in the Dolgorukovsky district of the Lipetsk region. The samples were taken from sites where old apple trees and recultivated soils grow, differing in their properties and composition of microorganisms. The article presents the results of identification of such groups of microorganisms as ammonifying bacteria (total microbial number), microscopic fungi, actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, cellulolytics.

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Affourtit, J., J. P. Zehr, and H. W. Paerl. "Distribution of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms along the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina." Microbial Ecology 41, no. 2 (February 2001): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002480000090.

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Zhang, Lei, Thomas Hurek, and Barbara Reinhold-Hurek. "A nifH-based Oligonucleotide Microarray for Functional Diagnostics of Nitrogen-fixing Microorganisms." Microbial Ecology 53, no. 3 (December 22, 2006): 456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9126-9.

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Kozar, S. F., I. M. Pyschur, and V. M. Nesterenko. "THE INFLUENCE OF BRADYRHIZOBIUM JAPONICUM AND AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE ON THE VERTICAL MIGRATION OF NUTRIENTS AT SOYBEAN CULTIVATION." Agriciltural microbiology 21 (August 6, 2015): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.21.39-43.

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The paper presents the research results of pre-sowing seeds bacterization with nitrogen fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense influence on the loss of moisture, water soluble humus and nutrients. It was shown that seeds bacterization reduces the leaching intensity of nitrates, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Moreover, the least losses of nutrients were observed in a variants with joint application of both studied nitrogen fixing microorganisms. It was noted that seeds bacterization with B. japonicum and A. brasilense had promoted increase of chlorophyll content in the leaves of soybean plants. The highest yield was observed in the variant with the joint use of rhizobia and azospirillum.

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Roy, A. A., I. Y. Tsarenko, I. K. Kurdish, and V. A. Zakharchenko. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE GRANULATED BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS OF COMPLEX ACTION ON DEVELOPMENT OF SOME CONIFEROUS PLANTS." Agriciltural microbiology 5 (April 16, 2007): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.5.96-102.

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The granulated bacterial preparations of complex action based on phosphatmobilising and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and clay minerals has stimulatory effect on coniferous plants development. The treatment of seeds and seedlings of the coniferous plants with bacterial preparations positively influences on their growth and development.

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Huang, Qiuyan, Yilu Feng, Hong-Wei Shan, Jian-Ping Chen, and Wei Wu. "A Novel Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Raoultella electrica Isolated from the Midgut of the Leafhopper Recilia dorsalis." Insects 14, no. 5 (April 30, 2023): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14050431.

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Nitrogen is a crucial element for the growth and development of insects, but herbivorous insects often suffer from nitrogen nutrition deficiencies in their diets. Some symbiotic microorganisms can provide insect hosts with nitrogen nutrition through nitrogen fixation. Extensive research has clearly demonstrated the process of nitrogen fixation by symbiotic microorganisms in termites, while evidence supporting the occurrence and significance of nitrogen fixation in the diets of the Hemiptera is less conclusive. In this study, we isolated a strain of R. electrica from the digestive tract of a leafhopper, R. dorsalis, and found that it had nitrogen-fixing capabilities. Fluorescence in situ hybridization results showed that it was located in the gut of the leafhopper. Genome sequencing revealed that R. electrica possessed all the genes required for nitrogen fixation. We further evaluated the growth rate of R. electrica in nitrogen-containing and nitrogen-free media and measured its nitrogenase activity through an acetylene reduction assay. The findings of these studies could shed light on how gut microbes contribute to our understanding of nitrogen fixation.

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Fatimah, Fatimah, Annida Izzatul Millah, Risky Lailatul Ayu Fadilah, Syarifah Salsabila, Zakia Asrifah Ramly, Tipuk Sugiarti, Tri Nurhariyati, Ni’matuzahroh Ni’matuzahroh, and Moch Affandi. "Isolation and Potency Test of Endophytic Bacteria as Nitrogen Fixer from Mangrove Plant in Lamongan." Jurnal Riset Biologi dan Aplikasinya 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jrba.v4n1.p26-33.

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Abstract:

Endophytic bacteria are microorganisms that live in plant tissues and some of them contribute to nitrogen fixation for plants. This study aimed to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from mangroves of Kutang Beach, Lamongan, which potentially as nitrogen fixing bacteria. Bacterial Isolates were used as candidates for biofertilizers. Leaves samples were taken from 10 sampling points. Bacterial isolation was initiated by sterilizing the surface of the leaves sample and grinding it aseptically. Isolation was carried out with a pour plate method on Nutrient Agar medium. Screening for endophytic bacteria's potential as N-fixing agent was carried out by growing the bacterial isolates on a semi-solid Nitrogen Free Bromothymol Blue (NFB) medium. The isolates that produced a positive reaction with a change in the color of the medium to blue were then subjected to macroscopic (shape, color, elevation, and the edge of the colony) and microscopic observations (Gram stain and bacterial cell measurements). The isolates showed the fastest change in the color of the medium were identified by the molecular marker of the 16S rRNA gene. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. As many as 20 isolates were obtained from the mangroves of Kutang Lamongan Beach, and ten isolates of twenty potentially as nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The ten nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolates had varying macroscopic characteristics. The microscopic characteristics showed that eight isolates had Gram-positive bacilli, and two isolates were Gram-negative with varying bacterial sizes. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the most potential of nitrogen-fixing bacteria was LMG II-14 isolate and identified as Paenibacillus alvei LMG II-14 with 99.36% similarity to Paenibacillus alvei strain DSM 29 based on the NCBI database. The ten nitrogen fixing isolates that have been obtained can later be used as candidates for biofertilizer composition, especially Paenibacillus alvei LMG II-14.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms'

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