Journal articles: 'Nitrogen – Chemistry'

1

Szuromi, P. D. "CHEMISTRY: Reducing Nitrogen." Science 307, no. 5714 (March 4, 2005): 1377a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.307.5714.1377a.

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2

Rees, Charles W. "Polysulfur-nitrogen heterocyclic chemistry." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 29, no. 3 (May 1992): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.5570290306.

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3

Yeston, J. S. "CHEMISTRY: Gently Excising Nitrogen." Science 318, no. 5848 (October 12, 2007): 171b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.318.5848.171b.

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4

Kelly, Paul F., Ivan P. Parkin, and J. Derek Woollins. "Metalla-Sulphur-Nitrogen Chemistry." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 41, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426508908039709.

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5

Rabinovich, Daniel. "Nitrogen Fixation before Haber." Chemistry International 40, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ci-2018-0302.

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Abstract Much has been written about the German chemist Fritz Haber (1868-1934), who embodies at once the best and the worst that chemistry has offered to humankind. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry a century ago (1918) “for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements,” an industrial process that led to the pervasive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in agriculture and enabled the unprecedented population growth experienced in the world ever since. On the other hand, Haber is often considered the “father of chemical warfare” for his role in the development and deployment of chlorine and other poisonous gases during World War I. This note, however, is not about Haber’s legacy but pays tribute instead to two resourceful Norwegians who preceded him in the quest for converting atmospheric nitrogen into more reactive, bioavailable forms of the element.

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6

Glarborg, Peter, James A. Miller, Branko Ruscic, and Stephen J. Klippenstein. "Modeling nitrogen chemistry in combustion." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 67 (July 2018): 31–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2018.01.002.

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7

Fahrenkamp-Uppenbrink, J. "CHEMISTRY: Nitrogen in a Fix." Science 300, no. 5617 (April 11, 2003): 215a—215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.300.5617.215a.

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8

Marozkina, Nadzeya V., and Benjamin Gaston. "Nitrogen Chemistry and Lung Physiology." Annual Review of Physiology 77, no. 1 (February 10, 2015): 431–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-021113-170352.

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9

Armstrong, Fraser. "Chemistry: Cyclic fixation of nitrogen." Nature 317, no. 6038 (October 1985): 576–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317576a0.

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10

Davis, Franklin A. "Adventures in Sulfur−Nitrogen Chemistry." Journal of Organic Chemistry 71, no. 24 (November 2006): 8993–9003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo061027p.

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11

Orlov, V. D. "Chemistry of nitrogen-containing heterocycles." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 49, no. 6 (September 2013): 808–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-013-1316-z.

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12

Kumar, Dheeraj, and Anil J. Elias. "The Explosive Chemistry of Nitrogen." Resonance 24, no. 11 (November 2019): 1253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-019-0893-2.

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13

Thompson, D. P. "The Crystal Chemistry of Nitrogen Ceramics." Materials Science Forum 47 (January 1991): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.47.21.

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14

Langer, William D., and T. E. Graedel. "The Nitrogen Chemistry in Interstellar Clouds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 120 (1987): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090015421x.

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Our time dependent model of chemistry of dense interstellar clouds has been extended to study the formation of nitrogen bearing molecules. Here we present results for the calculations, under a variety of density, temperature, and elemental conditions, of the abundances of the following observationally important species: CN, HCN, HNC, NH3, NO, and N2H.

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15

Porter, M. J. "Nitrogen, Oxygen and Sulfur Ylide Chemistry." Synthesis 2003, no. 07 (2003): 1134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-39154.

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16

Richards, R. L. "The chemistry of biological nitrogen fixation." Soil Use and Management 6, no. 2 (June 1990): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1990.tb00808.x.

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17

Leigh, G. J. "CHEMISTRY: Fixing Nitrogen Any Which Way." Science 279, no. 5350 (January 23, 1998): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5350.506.

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18

Abdou, Hanan E., Ahmed A. Mohamed, and Jr Facler John P. "ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I) Nitrogen Chemistry." ChemInform 41, no. 22 (June 1, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201022195.

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19

Chivers, Tristram, Xiaoliang Gao, Nicole Sandblom, and Gabriele Schatte. "Recent Developments in Tellurium-Nitrogen Chemistry." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 136, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509808545932.

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20

Yeston, J. "CHEMISTRY: A Chain to Break Nitrogen." Science 316, no. 5832 (June 22, 2007): 1671a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.316.5832.1671a.

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21

Torvisco, Ana, Anna Y. O’Brien, and Karin Ruhlandt-Senge. "Advances in alkaline earth-nitrogen chemistry." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 255, no. 11-12 (June 2011): 1268–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2011.02.015.

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22

REES, C. W. "ChemInform Abstract: Polysulfur-Nitrogen Heterocyclic Chemistry." ChemInform 23, no. 41 (August 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199241285.

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23

Lock, Nina, Julia Matussek, and Dietmar Stalke. "Se-N chemistry: Revisiting an old molecule in the design of novel compounds." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090858.

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Chalcogenide chemistry is rich and diverse: The large variety of molecular sulfur and selenium compounds can be ascribed to their multiple stable oxidation states and large radius enabling high coordination. Sulfur-nitrogen chemistry is thoroughly explored and well-understood; polyimido sulfur species S(NR)n with charge m- (n = 2, 3, 4; m = 0, 2) are analogues of SOn molecules (with charge: m-) in which oxygen has been replaced by isovalent NR imido groups [1]. These compounds have been studied in depth and have been demonstrated to be versatile ligand systems which form multifaceted potentially catalytic metal complexes and compounds with lithium organics [2]. Selenium-nitrogen chemistry is comparatively less developed than sulfur-nitrogen chemistry despite of significant contributions to the field [3]. This may be ascribed to the rich redox chemistry of selenium in addition to its ability to polymerize, unfortunately none of these properties are easily controlled. A crucial parameter in the development of sulfur-nitrogen chemistry is attributed to the access to sulfur diimides S(NR)2 and sulfur triimides S(NR)3. Therefore, our starting point in exploring new directions of selenium-nitrogen chemistry was to revisit Se(NtBu)2 (tBu = tertbutyl), which has been used as ligand for metal complexes, but also discussed in large detail with respect to structural geometry and stability. Herein, we are presenting a study of selenium-nitrogen chemistry based on Se(NtBu)2.

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24

Kinidi, Lennevey, and Shanti Salleh. "Phytoremediation of Nitrogen as Green Chemistry for Wastewater Treatment System." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1961205.

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It is noteworthy that ammoniacal nitrogen contamination in wastewater has reportedly posed a great threat to the environment. Although there are several conventional technologies being employed to remediate ammoniacal nitrogen contamination in wastewater, they are not sustainable and cost-effective. Along this line, the present study aims to highlight the significance of green chemistry characteristics of phytoremediation in nitrogen for wastewater treatment. Notably, ammoniacal nitrogen can be found in many types of sources and it brings harmful effects to the environment. Hence, the present study also reviews the phytoremediation of nitrogen and describes its green chemistry characteristics. Additionally, the different types of wastewater contaminants and their effects on phytoremediation and the phytoremediation consideration in wastewater treatment application and sustainable waste management of harvested aquatic macrophytes were reviewed. Finally, the present study explicates the future perspectives of phytoremediation. Based on the reviews, it can be concluded that green chemistry characteristics of phytoremediation in nitrogen have proved that it is sustainable and cost-effective in relation to other existing ammoniacal nitrogen remediation technologies. Therefore, it can be deduced that a cheaper and more environmental friendly ammoniacal nitrogen technology can be achieved with the utilization of phytoremediation in wastewater treatment.

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25

Yang, JJ, DH Jeong, SM Um, AN Lee, DJ Song, SB Kim, J. Yang, Y. Yun, and YK Lim. "Blood chemistry reference intervals of captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 10 (October 27, 2017): 533–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/166/2016-vetmed.

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Data on blood chemistry values can make fundamental contributions to our understanding of physiological changes. However, there is a lack of information regarding blood chemistry in Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus). Thus, the objects of this study were to determine reference ranges for 29 blood chemistry variables, and to evaluate differences between age groups and between seasons. Blood samples (n = 138) were collected from 44 (20 males, 24 females; age range, 1–15 years) clinically healthy, captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in the Republic of Korea. Young and adult bears showed significantly higher levels of creatinine and total cholesterol, and lower levels of blood urea nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB during hibernation compared to during non-hibernation. Adults also showed significantly higher levels of triglyceride, but lower levels of inorganic phosphorus, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and creatine phosphokinase during hibernation than during non-hibernation. During hibernation, the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio and levels of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase in young bears were significantly higher than in adults, whereas creatinine levels were lower than in adults. During non-hibernation, the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio and levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and creatine kinase MB in young bears were significantly higher, whereas creatinine, total protein, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase and haemoglobin levels were lower than in adults. The results of this study provide reference values that will aid in understanding the physiology of Asiatic black bears and in assessing the health of these animals in captive environments.

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26

Jacobi, K., H. Dietrich, and G. Ertl. "Nitrogen chemistry on ruthenium single-crystal surfaces." Applied Surface Science 121-122 (November 1997): 558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(97)00366-8.

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27

Bradley, R. H., G. Beamson, X. Ling, and I. Sutherland. "Surface nitrogen chemistry of PAN carbon fibres." Applied Surface Science 72, no. 3 (November 1993): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(93)90197-j.

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28

Leigh, G. J. "Update: Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Model Chemistry." Science 275, no. 5305 (March 7, 1997): 1442–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.275.5305.1442.

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29

Morris, Janet L., and Charles W. Rees. "Pedler Lecture. Organic poly(sulphur–nitrogen) chemistry." Chem. Soc. Rev. 15, no. 1 (1986): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/cs9861500001.

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30

Jensen, Anker, Jan Erik Johnsson, and Kim Dam-Johansen. "Nitrogen chemistry in FBC with limestone addition." Symposium (International) on Combustion 26, no. 2 (1996): 3335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80181-0.

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31

Balakrishna, Maravanji S., Dana J. Eisler, and Tristram Chivers. "Chemistry of pnictogen(iii)–nitrogen ring systems." Chem. Soc. Rev. 36, no. 4 (2007): 650–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b514861h.

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32

Paetzold, P. "New perspectives in boron-nitrogen chemistry - I." Pure and Applied Chemistry 63, no. 3 (January 1, 1991): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199163030345.

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33

Noth, H., Gilbert Geisberger, Gerald Linti, Dirk Loderer, W. Rattay, and E. Salzbrenner. "Recent advances in boron-nitrogen chemistry - II." Pure and Applied Chemistry 63, no. 3 (January 1, 1991): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199163030351.

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34

Hily-Blant, P., M. Walmsley, G. Pineau des Forêts, and D. Flower. "Nitrogen chemistry and depletion in starless cores." Astronomy and Astrophysics 513 (April 2010): A41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200913200.

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35

Hunt, J. F. "Informative complexity of exhaled nitrogen oxide chemistry." Thorax 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2004.024364.

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36

Boudou, Jean-Paul, Arndt Schimmelmann, Magali Ader, Maria Mastalerz, Mathieu Sebilo, and Léon Gengembre. "Organic nitrogen chemistry during low-grade metamorphism." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72, no. 4 (February 2008): 1199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.12.004.

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37

Lehnert, Nicolai, Bradley W. Musselman, and Lance C. Seefeldt. "Grand challenges in the nitrogen cycle." Chemical Society Reviews 50, no. 6 (2021): 3640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs00923g.

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In this Viewpoint, we address limitations within our current understanding of the complex chemistry of the enzymes in the Nitrogen Cycle. Understanding of these chemical processes plays a key role in limiting anthropogenic effects on our environment.

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38

Tanasa, Eugenia, Florentina Maxim, Tugce Erniyazov, Matei-Tom Iacob, Tomáš Skála, Liviu Tanase, Cătălin Ianăși, et al. "Beyond Nitrogen in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: A NEXAFS Investigation." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051198.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells require cheap and active electrocatalysts to drive the oxygen reduction reaction. Nitrogen-doped carbons have been extensively studied regarding their oxygen reduction reaction. The work at hand looks beyond the nitrogen chemistry and brings to light the role of oxygen. Nitrogen-doped nanocarbons were obtained by a radio-frequency plasma route at 0, 100, 250, and 350 W. The lateral size of the graphitic domain, determined from Raman spectroscopy, showed that the nitrogen plasma treatment decreased the crystallite size. Synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy showed a similar nitrogen chemistry, albeit the nitrogen concentration increased with the plasma power. Lateral crystallite size and several nitrogen moieties were plotted against the onset potential determined from oxygen reduction reaction curves. There was no correlation between the electrochemical activity and the sample structure, as determine from Raman and synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) was performed to unravel the carbon and nitrogen local structure. A difference analysis of the NEXAFS spectra showed that the oxygen surrounding the pyridinic nitrogen was critical in achieving high onset potentials. The work shows that there were more factors at play, other than carbon organization and nitrogen chemistry.

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39

Van Doren, Jane M., Robert A. Morris, A. A. Viggiano, Amy E. Stevens Miller, Thomas M. Miller, and John F. Paulson. "Chemistry of C−2 and HC−2 with nitrogen, oxygen and nitrogen oxides." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 117 (September 1992): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(92)80105-a.

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40

McLellan, Toni M., Mary E. Martin, John D. Aber, Jerry M. Melillo, Knute J. Nadelhoffer, and Bradley Dewey. "Comparison of wet chemistry and near infrared reflectance measurements of carbon-fraction chemistry and nitrogen concentration of forest foliage." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 11 (November 1, 1991): 1689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-233.

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An interlaboratory comparison was designed to test the precision and relative accuracy of a method using near infrared spectroscopy for the determination of nitrogen, lignin, and cellulose concentrations in green and senescent foliage. A total of five laboratories were involved. Two methods of nitrogen analysis (Kjeldahl and CHN analysis) and two methods of carbon-fraction (lignin and cellulose) analysis were used. Equations for converting near infrared reflectance spectra into estimates of nitrogen and carbon-fraction concentrations are presented, along with estimates of relative bias between laboratories and methods. Analytical errors (variation among repeated measurements of the same sample) associated with each of the different methods are also presented. Results show that the near infrared reflectance method gives values that lie within the range of values generated by wet chemistry methods and so introduces no additional bias. Analytical errors are one-third to one-fifth those of wet chemistry methods for nitrogen concentration and one-fifth to one-eighth those of wet chemistry methods for lignin and cellulose concentration.

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41

Kerru, Nagaraju, Lalitha Gummidi, Suresh Maddila, Kranthi Kumar Gangu, and Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda. "A Review on Recent Advances in Nitrogen-Containing Molecules and Their Biological Applications." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 20, 2020): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081909.

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The analogs of nitrogen-based heterocycles occupy an exclusive position as a valuable source of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry. More than 75% of drugs approved by the FDA and currently available in the market are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties. In the forthcoming decade, a much greater share of new nitrogen-based pharmaceuticals is anticipated. Many new nitrogen-based heterocycles have been designed. The number of novel N-heterocyclic moieties with significant physiological properties and promising applications in medicinal chemistry is ever-growing. In this review, we consolidate the recent advances on novel nitrogen-containing heterocycles and their distinct biological activities, reported over the past one year (2019 to early 2020). This review highlights the trends in the use of nitrogen-based moieties in drug design and the development of different potent and competent candidates against various diseases.

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42

Zhu, Cheng, André K. Eckhardt, Alexandre Bergantini, Santosh K. Singh, Peter R. Schreiner, and Ralf I. Kaiser. "The elusive cyclotriphosphazene molecule and its Dewar benzene–type valence isomer (P3N3)." Science Advances 6, no. 30 (July 2020): eaba6934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba6934.

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Although the chemistry of phosphorus and nitrogen has fascinated chemists for more than 350 years, the Hückel aromatic cyclotriphosphazene (P3N3, 2) molecule—a key molecular building block in phosphorus chemistry—has remained elusive. Here, we report a facile, versatile pathway producing cyclotriphosphazene and its Dewar benzene–type isomer (P3N3, 5) in ammonia-phosphine ices at 5 K exposed to ionizing radiation. Both isomers were detected in the gas phase upon sublimation via photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry and discriminated via isomer-selective photochemistry. Our findings provide a fundamental framework to explore the preparation of inorganic, isovalent species of benzene (C6H6) by formally replacing the C─H moieties alternatingly through phosphorus and nitrogen atoms, thus advancing our perception of the chemical bonding of phosphorus systems.

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43

ALLEN, ROBERT C. "The Nitrogen Hypothesis and the English Agricultural Revolution: A Biological Analysis." Journal of Economic History 68, no. 1 (March 2008): 182–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050708000065.

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A biological model of nitrogen in agriculture is specified for early modern England and used to analyze the growth in grain yields from the middle ages to the industrial revolution. Nitrogen-fixing plants accounted for about half of the rise in yields; the rest came from better cultivation, seeds, and drainage. The model highlights the slow chemical reactions that governed the release of the nitrogen introduced by convertible husbandry and the cultivation of legumes. However efficient were England's institutions, nitrogen's chemistry implied that the English agricultural revolution would be much more gradual than the Green Revolution of the twentieth century.

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44

Ha, Hyun-Joon. "Preface to “Aziridine Chemistry”." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061525.

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45

Lary, D. J. "Atmospheric pseudohalogen chemistry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 5 (September 16, 2004): 5381–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-5381-2004.

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Abstract. There are at least three reasons why hydrogen cyanide is likely to be significant for atmospheric chemistry. The first is well known, HCN is a product and marker of biomass burning. However, if a detailed ion chemistry of lightning is considered then it is almost certain than in addition to lightning producing NOx, it also produces HOx and HCN. Unlike NOx and HOx, HCN is long-lived and could therefore be a useful marker of lightning activity. Observational evidence is considered to support this view. Thirdly, the chemical decomposition of HCN leads to the production of small amounts of CN and NCO. NCO can be photolyzed in the visible portion of the spectrum yielding N atoms. The production of N atoms is significant as it leads to the titration of nitrogen from the atmosphere via N+N→N2. Normally the only modelled source of N atoms is NO photolysis which happens largely in the UV Schumann-Runge bands. However, NCO photolysis occurs in the visible and so could be involved in titration of atmospheric nitrogen in the lower stratosphere and troposphere. HCN emission inventories are worthy of attention. The CN and NCO radicals have been termed pseudohalogens since the 1920s. They are strongly bound, univalent, radicals with an extensive and varied chemistry. The products of the atmospheric oxidation of HCN are NO, CO and O3. N+CH4 and N+CH3OH are found to be important sources of HCN. Including the pseudohalogen chemistry gives a small increase in ozone and total reactive nitrogen (NOy).

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46

Koppenol, W. H. "The basic chemistry of nitrogen monoxide and peroxynitrite." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 25, no. 4-5 (September 1998): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00093-8.

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47

Kristensen, Per G., Peter Glarborg, and Kim Dam-Johansen. "Nitrogen chemistry during burnout in fuel-staged combustion." Combustion and Flame 107, no. 3 (November 1996): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(96)00081-8.

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48

Chulanova, Elena A., Nikolay A. Semenov, Nikolay A. Pushkarevsky, Nina P. Gritsan, and Andrey V. Zibarev. "Charge-transfer chemistry of chalcogen–nitrogen π-heterocycles." Mendeleev Communications 28, no. 5 (September 2018): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2018.09.001.

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49

Lopes, Irene, Rui Dias, Ângela Domingos, and Noémia Marques. "Organo-f-element chemistry with multidentate nitrogen ligands." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 344, no. 1-2 (October 2002): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(02)00306-7.

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50

Clive, Derrick L. J., and Wen Yang. "A Nitrogen-Containing Stannane for Free Radical Chemistry." Journal of Organic Chemistry 60, no. 8 (April 1995): 2607–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00113a045.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nitrogen – Chemistry'

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