Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nitroge fixation

Academic literature on the topic 'Nitroge fixation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nitroge fixation"

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Peng, Peng, Paul Chen, Min Addy, Yanling Cheng, Yaning Zhang, Erik Anderson, Nan Zhou, et al. "In situ plasma-assisted atmospheric nitrogen fixation using water and spray-type jet plasma." Chemical Communications 54, no. 23 (2018): 2886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc00697k.

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Nagiev, T. M., N. I. Ali-zadeh, L. M. Gasanova, I. T. Nagieva, Ch A. Mustafaeva, N. N. Malikova, A. A. Abdullaeva, and E. S. Bakhramov. "NITROGEN FIXATION AT CONJUGATED OXIDATION." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 2 (2018): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2018-2-6-10.

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Flores, E., and A. Herrero. "Nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen control in cyanobacteria." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0330164.

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Nitrogen sources commonly used by cyanobacteria include ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, urea and atmospheric N2, and some cyanobacteria can also assimilate arginine or glutamine. ABC (ATP-binding cassette)-type permeases are involved in the uptake of nitrate/nitrite, urea and most amino acids, whereas secondary transporters take up ammonium and, in some strains, nitrate/nitrite. In cyanobacteria, nitrate and nitrite reductases are ferredoxin-dependent enzymes, arginine is catabolized by a combination of the urea cycle and arginase pathway, and urea is degraded by a Ni2+-dependent urease. These pathways provide ammonium that is incorporated into carbon skeletons through the glutamine synthetase–glutamate synthase cycle, in which 2-oxoglutarate is the final nitrogen acceptor. The expression of many nitrogen assimilation genes is subjected to regulation being activated by the nitrogen-control transcription factor NtcA, which is autoregulatory and whose activity appears to be influenced by 2-oxoglutarate and the signal transduction protein PII. In some filamentous cyanobacteria, N2 fixation takes place in specialized cells called heterocysts that differentiate from vegetative cells in a process strictly controlled by NtcA.
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Madinger, Hilary L., and Robert O. Hall Jr. "Nitrogen fluxes in Western streams." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 40 (December 15, 2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2017.5575.

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Nitrogen pollution to streams is altering the nitrogen cycling in unknown ways, causing challenges for predicting nitrogen fixation fluxes within aquatic ecosystems. Increasing nitrate pollution decreases the amount of nitrogen fixation occurring in streams. However, the relationship between stream nitrate concentration and the rate of nitrogen fixation is unknown. We predict that lower nitrate streams will have the highest rates of nitrogen fixation. Additionally, there will be much more energy produced in streams with nitrogen fixation compared to the amount required to fix the nitrogen. We estimated whole-stream gross primary production and nitrogen fixation fluxes using the diel change in dissolved nitrogen and oxygen gases compared to the expected dissolved gas saturation. Our whole-stream method is preferable to chamber estimates to understand the relationship between energy requirements for nitrogen fixation and gross primary production, but additional data is needed to distinguish between relationship types and make our measurements generalizable. Featured photo by Intermountain Forest Service, USDA Region 4 Photography on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/jbTRUj
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Herridge, D. F., J. E. Turpin, and M. J. Robertson. "Improving nitrogen fixation of crop legumes through breeding and agronomic management: analysis with simulation modelling." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 3 (2001): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00041.

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The nitrogen fixed by legumes is a valuable resource in agriculture, with crop legumes alone contributing as much as 20% of the nitrogen requirements of the world’s grain and oilseed crops. Increasing legume nitrogen fixation through genetic improvement and more efficient management would have large economic benefits. Breeding for improved nitrogen fixation has, to a large extent, not been successful. Suggested reasons include the difficulty in combining single traits like nitrogen fixation with other traits, such as disease resistance, seed quality and yield, a lack of focus of programs and a lack of screening methodologies. Agronomic management of legume nitrogen fixation offers other opportunities. The challenge is to package those opportunities and provide legume growers with tools for understanding the factors determining nitrogen fixation, while at the same time providing them with site-specific management options. The potential of simulation modelling for assessing genetic and management options for enhancing nitrogen fixation of soybean grown at Warwick in south-eastern Queensland was investigated in a series of 30-year simulations using the APSIM modelling framework. The APSIM–soybean module was first adjusted to reflect observed responses of nitrogen fixation to soil nitrate. The subsequent simulations indicated that (genetically based) symbiotic nitrate tolerance would have only marginal benefits on residual soil nitrate (7 kg N/ha at sowing soil nitrate of 100 kg N/ha). Management of the crop for highest grain yield through optimising sowing dates, plant density and fallow length provided the best opportunities for increasing nitrogen fixation. The use of APSIM as a tool for managing legume nitrogen fixation appears to have merit.
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Cejudo, F. J., and A. Paneque. "Short-term nitrate (nitrite) inhibition of nitrogen fixation in Azotobacter chroococcum." Journal of Bacteriology 165, no. 1 (1986): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.165.1.240-243.1986.

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Sumaira Mazhar, Sumaira Mazhar, and Jerry D. Cohen and Shahida Hasnain Jerry D Cohen and Shahida Hasnain. "Novel Approach for the Determination of Nitrogen Fixation in Cyanobacteria." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 1 (2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000711/jcsp/41.01.2019.

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Non-heterocystous nitrogen fixing strains of cyanobacteria were screened by their ability to grow in nitrogen deficient media. The selected nitrogen fixing cyanobacterial cells were then cultured in BG11 media supplemented with [15N]-labeled sodium nitrate. Under these growth conditions any organic [14N] found in the cyanobacterial cells would simply come from nitrogen fixation because [15N] was the only available source of nitrogen in the medium. Amino acids extracted after different time periods (after 15, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days of inoculation) were used for the determination of the 14N/15N ratio using GC-MS. Results from the present study support the conclusion that at stationary phase of growth cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation was no longer supplying a significant amount of nitrogen. This approach not only provided a detailed method for the evaluation of the nitrogen fixing potential of the cyanobacteria in culture, but also suggests novel approaches for the assessment of the ability of the strains to provide nitrogen enrichment to plants under co-cultivation conditions.
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Moreira-Coello, Víctor, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Emilio Marañón, Ana Fernández-Carrera, María PÉrez-Lorenzo, and Antonio Bode. "Quantifying the overestimation of planktonic N2 fixation due to contamination of 15N2 gas stocks." Journal of Plankton Research 41, no. 4 (July 2019): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbz034.

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AbstractThe 15N2-tracer assay [Montoya et al. (1996) A simple, high-precision, high-sensitivity tracer assay for N2 fixation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 62, 986–993.] is the most used method for measuring biological N2 fixation in terrestrial and aquatic environments. The reliability of this technique depends on the purity of the commercial 15N2 gas stocks used. However, Dabundo et al. [(2014) PLoS One, 9, e110335.] reported the contamination of some of these stocks with labile 15N-labeled compounds (ammonium, nitrate and/or nitrite). The contamination of commercial 15N2 gas stocks with 15N-labeled nitrate and 142 ammonium and consequences for nitrogen fixation measurements. Considering that the tracer assay relies on the conversion of isotopically labeled 15N2 into organic nitrogen, this contamination may have led to overestimated N2 fixation rates. We conducted laboratory and field experiments in order to (i) test the susceptibility of 15N contaminants to assimilation by non-diazotroph organisms and (ii) determine the potential overestimation of the N2 fixation rates estimated in the field. Our findings indicate that the contaminant 15N-compounds are assimilated by non-diazotrophs organisms, leading to an overestimation of N2 fixation rates in the field up to 16-fold under hydrographic conditions of winter mixing.
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Shiozaki, T., T. Nagata, M. Ijichi, and K. Furuya. "Seasonal dynamics of nitrogen fixation and the diazotroph community in the temperate coastal region of the northwestern North Pacific." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 1 (January 15, 2015): 865–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-865-2015.

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Abstract. Nitrogen fixation in temperate oceans is a potentially important, but poorly understood process that may influence the marine nitrogen budget. This study determined seasonal variations in nitrogen fixation and nifH gene diversity within the euphotic zone in the temperate coastal region of the northwestern North Pacific. Nitrogen fixation as high as 13.6 nmolN L−1 d−1 was measured from early summer to fall when the surface temperature exceeded 14.2 °C and the surface nitrate concentration was low (≤ 0.30 μM), although we also detected nitrogen fixation in subsurface layers (42–62 m) where nitrate concentrations were high (> 1 μM). During periods with high nitrogen fixation, the nifH sequences of UCYN-A were recovered, suggesting that these groups played a key role in nitrogen fixation. The nifH genes were also recovered in spring and winter when nitrogen fixation was undetectable. These genes consisted of many sequences affiliated with Cluster III diazotrophs (putative anaerobic bacteria), which hitherto have rarely been reported to be abundant in surface diazotroph communities in marine environments.
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McFarland, Mel A., and Dale W. Toetz. "Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) in Lake Hefner, Oklahoma." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 114, no. 2 (December 14, 1988): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/114/1988/213.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitroge fixation"

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Li, Youzhong, and Youzhong Li@health gov au. "Respiration and nitrogen fixation by bacteroids from soybean root nodules : substrate transport and metabolism in relation to intracellular conditions." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040630.114138.

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Bacteroids of B. japonicum from nodules of soybean roots were isolated using differential centrifugation (the standard bench method) and density gradient centrifugation methods (either sucrose- or Percoll-) under anaerobic conditions in which N2 fixation was preserved. The relationships between N2 fixation and respiration, O2 supply, O2 demand, substrate (mainly malate) transport and metabolism in bacteroids were investigated using the flow chamber system. In related experiments, the primary products of N2 fixation which leave the bacteroids were investigated using a 15N-labelling technique in a closed shaken system and other biochemical methods.¶ In the flow chamber experiments, the rates at which O2 was supplied to bacteroids in the chamber were varied by (a) changing the flow rate of reaction medium through the chamber; (b) by changing the [O2 free] in the inflowing reaction medium by using either 3-5% (v/v) or 100% air in the gas mixture above the stirred reaction medium in two reservoir flasks; (c) by successively withdrawing bacteroids from the chamber, thus increasing the supply of O2 per bacteroid to those remaining in the chamber. The results showed that the rate of O2 supply regulates respiratory demand for O2 by bacteroids rather than the O2 concentration present in the reaction system. Respiration is always coupled to N2 fixation. ¶ Uptake of malate by bacteroids withdrawn from the flow chamber was measured under microaerobic conditions. Malate uptake by these N2-fixing bacteroids was lower than that by bacteroids isolated under aerobic conditions, which eliminate N2 fixation of bacteroids, but is closely correlated with bacteroid respiration rates. When respiration was increased by an increase in O2 supply, malate uptake by bacteroids was also increased. This suggested that transport of malate through the bacteroid membrane is also regulated by O2 supply, but indirectly. Higher uptake by bacteroids under aerobic conditions was observed because respiration was enhanced by the high availability of O2, but the fast uptake of malate by bacteroids driven by the abnormal respiration rates may not reflect the reality of malate demand in vivo by bacteroids when N2 fixation by bacteroids is fully coupled. ¶ The results of 15N labelling experiments and other biochemical assays once again demonstrated that ammonia is the principal significant 15N labelled product of N2 fixation accumulated during 30 min in shaken assays with 0.008-0.01 atm O2. Alanine although sometimes found in low concentrations in the flow chamber reactions, was not labelled with 15N in shaken closed system experiments. No evidence could be obtained from the other biochemical assays, either. Therefore, it is concluded that these and earlier results were not due to contamination with host cytosolic enzymes as suggested by Waters et al. (Proc. Natl. Aca. Sci. 95, 1998, pp 12038-12042). ¶ Malate transported into bacteroids is oxidized in a modified TCA cycle present in bacteroids. The results of flow chamber experiments with a sucA mutant (lacking a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) showed that respiratory demand for O2 by the mutant bacteroids is regulated by O2 supply in the same way as the wild-type. Despite differences in other symbiotic properties, rates of nitrogen fixation by the mutant bacteroids, based on the bacteroid dry weight, appeared to be the same as in the wild-type. Also N2 fixation was closely coupled with respiration in the same manner in both mutant bacteroids and wild type bacteroids. These results and other supporting data, strongly support the conclusion that there is an alternative pathway of the TCA cycle in bacteroids, which enables the missing step in the mutant to be by-passed with sufficient activity to support metabolism of transported malate.
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Supeno. "Sonochemical fixation of nitrogen." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/MQ57783.pdf.

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Supeno, Carleton University Dissertation Chemistry. "Sonochemical fixation of nitrogen." Ottawa, 2000.

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Wätjen, Florian. "Rhenium and Osmium PNP Pincer Complexes for Nitrogen Fixation and Nitride Transfer." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-12D8-3.

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Klawonn, Isabell. "Marine nitrogen fixation : Cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation and the fate of new nitrogen in the Baltic Sea." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-122080.

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Biogeochemical processes in the marine biosphere are important in global element cycling and greatly influence the gas composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. The nitrogen cycle is a key component of marine biogeochemical cycles. Nitrogen is an essential constituent of living organisms, but bioavailable nitrogen is often short in supply thus limiting primary production. The largest input of nitrogen to the marine environment is by N2-fixation, the transformation of inert N2 gas into bioavailable ammonium by a distinct group of microbes. Hence, N2-fixation bypasses nitrogen limitation and stimulates productivity in oligotrophic regions of the marine biosphere. Extensive blooms of N2-fixing cyanobacteria occur regularly during summer in the Baltic Sea. N2-fixation during these blooms adds several hundred kilotons of new nitrogen into the Baltic Proper, which is similar in magnitude to the annual nitrogen load by riverine discharge and more than twice the atmospheric nitrogen deposition in this area. N2-fixing cyanobacteria are therefore a critical constituent of nitrogen cycling in the Baltic Sea. In this thesis N2 fixation of common cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea and the direct fate of newly fixed nitrogen in otherwise nitrogen-impoverished waters were investigated. Initially, the commonly used 15N-stable isotope assay for N2-fixation measurements was evaluated and optimized in terms of reliability and practicality (Paper I), and later applied for N2-fixation assessments (Paper II–IV). N2 fixation in surface waters of the Baltic Sea was restricted to large filamentous heterocystous cyanobacteria (Aphanizomenon sp., Nodularia spumigena, Dolichospermum spp.) and absent in smaller filamentous cyanobacteria such as Pseudanabaena sp., and unicellular and colonial picocyanobacteria (Paper II-III). Most of the N2-fixation in the Northern Baltic Proper was contributed by Aphanizomenon sp. due to its high abundance throughout the summer and similar rates of specific N2-fixation as Dolichospermum spp. and N. spumigena. Specific N2 fixation was substantially higher near the coast than in an offshore region (Paper II). Half of the fixed nitrogen was released as ammonium at the site near the coast and taken up by non-N2-fixing organisms including phototrophic and heterotrophic, prokaryotic and eukaryotic planktonic organisms. Newly fixed nitrogen was thereby rapidly turned-over in the nitrogen-depleted waters (Paper III). In colonies of N. spumigena even the potential for a complete nitrogen cycle condensed to a microcosm of a few millimeters could be demonstrated (Paper IV). Cyanobacterial colonies can therefore be hot-spots of nitrogen transformation processes potentially including nitrogen gain, recycling and loss processes. In conclusion, blooms of cyanobacteria are instrumental for productivity and CO2 sequestration in the Baltic Sea. These findings advance our understanding of biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning in relation to cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea with relevance for both ecosystem-based management in the Baltic Sea, and N2-fixation and nitrogen cycling in the global ocean.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.

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Huang, Ying-Sheng. "Evidence for Multiple Functions of a Medicago Truncatula Transporter." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699903/.

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Legumes play an important role in agriculture as major food sources for humans and as feed for animals. Bioavailable nitrogen is a limiting nutrient for crop growth. Legumes are important because they can form a symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria called rhizobia that results in nitrogen-fixing root nodules. In this symbiosis, rhizobia provide nitrogen to the legumes and the legumes provide carbon sources to the rhizobia. The Medicago truncatula NPF1.7/NIP/LATD gene is essential for root nodule development and also for proper development of root architecture. Work in our lab on the MtNPF1.7/MtNIP/LATD gene has established that it encodes a nitrate transporter and strongly suggests it has another function. Mtnip-1/latd mutants have pleiotropic defects, which are only partially explained by defects in nitrate transport. MtNPF1.7/NIP/LATD is a member of the large and diverse NPF/NRT1(PTR) transporter family. NPF/NRT1(PTR) members have been shown to transport other compounds in addition to nitrate: nitrite, amino acids, di- and tri-peptides, dicarboxylates, auxin, abscisic acid and glucosinolates. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1( CHL1) transporter was shown to transport auxin as well as nitrate. Atchl1 mutants have defects in root architecture, which may be explained by defects in auxin transport and/or nitrate sensing. Considering the pleiotropic phenotypes observed in Mtnip-1/latd mutant plants, it is possible that MtNPF1.7/NIP/LATD could have similar activity as AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1(CHL1). Experimental evidence shows that the MtNPF1.7/NIP/LATD gene is able to restore nitrate-absent responsiveness defects of the Atchl1-5 mutant. The constitutive expression of MtNPF1.7/NIP/LATD gene was able to partially, but not fully restore the wild-type phenotype in the Atchl1-5 mutant line in response to auxin and cytokinin. The constitutive expression of MtNPF1.7/NIP/LATD gene affects the lateral root density of wild-type Col-0 plants differently in response to IAA in the presence of high (1mM) or low (0.1 mM) nitrate. MtNPF1.7/NIP/LATD gene expression is not regulated by nitrate at the concentrations tested and MtNPF1.7/NIP/LATD does not regulate the nitrate-responsive MtNRT2.1 gene. Mtnip-1 plants have an abnormal gravitropic root response implicating an auxin defect. Together with these results, MtNPF1.7/NIP/LATD is associated with nitrate and auxin; however, it does not act in a homologous fashion as AtNPF6.3/NRT1.1(CHL1) does in A. thaliana.
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H, Boström Kjärstin. "Nitrogen fixation among marine bacterioplankton." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-24.

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While bacterioplankton indisputably control vital biogeochemical paths in the cycling of carbon and nutrients in the world’s oceans, our knowledge about the functional and genetic diversity of bacterioplankton communities is negligible. In this thesis, molecular and more traditional microbiological methods were used to study the specific function of N2-fixation and in a general sense diversity of marine bacterioplankton species. Most oceans are nitrogen limited and, therefore, adaptive to bacterioplankton capable of N2-fixation. Recent studies have found nifH genes (coding for the nitrogenase enzyme) related to diverse heterotrophic bacteria in oceanic seawater samples indicating that, along with cyanobacteria, also heterotrophic bacteria benefit from N2-fixation. Here, molecular and cultivation methods were used to examine diazotrophic bacterioplankton in the Baltic Sea. We successfully isolated heterotrophic N2-fixing bacteria belonging to the γ-proteobacterial class by means of low-nitrogen plates and semi-solid diazotrophic medium tubes. The isolates required low-O2 conditions for N2-fixation. Using Real-time PCR it was found that heterotrophic bacterioplankton carrying the nifH gene was abundant (3 x 104 nifH gene copies L seawater-1) at locations in the Southwest Baltic proper. With the aim to identify the main N2-fixing organisms in Baltic Proper surface waters, a clone library of nifH gene transcripts (RNA) was generated. Clone inserts were exclusively related to Aphanizomenon sp. and Nodularia sp. Using quantitative real-time PCR it was found that the nifH gene expression from Nodularia sp. was highly variable between stations in the Baltic Proper but was 10-fold higher during mid summer relative to early summer and fall. A diel study showed a 4-fold increase in Nodularia transcript concentrations at early to mid day relative to rest of the day. Real-time PCR was found to be a powerful and highly sensitive method for measuring gene expression. Since nucleic acids are a prerequisite for molecular analyses of bacterioplankton dynamics a protocol to extract DNA from seawater samples was developed with the aim to maximize the yield of high-quality DNA. Each step in the protocol was important for the efficiency of extraction. The obtained extraction efficiencies were up to 92% for seawater samples and up to 96% for isolates. The protocol provides a guideline for DNA extraction from seawater samples for other studies. In a global sampling campaign (9 locations from polar, tropical and temperate regions) we sampled DNA from surface water and constructed 16S rRNA gene libraries to investigate diversity and biogeography of bacterioplankton. Approx. 80% of the sequences found were similar to sequences already deposited in GenBank, indicating that a large fraction of the marine bacterioplankton already has been sampled, which in turn suggests a limited global bacterioplankton diversity. This thesis have improved our knowledge about the composition and nifH gene expression of the diazotrophic bacterioplankton community in the Baltic Sea and contribute significantly to the discussion on global marine bacterioplankton diversity and biogeography.
Östersjön är ett av världens största brackvattensystem. Den ekologiska balansen i detta hav är hotad på grund av övergödning. Mycket arbete har därför fokuserats på att reducera utsläppen av näringsämnen, speciellt kväve. Dessa ansträngningar kan dock motverkas av bakterier som har förmåga att omvandla luftens kväve till metaboliskt användbart ammonium (kvävefixering). På sommaren är Östersjöns primärproduktion begränsad av kväve, med följden att det årligen uppstår massiva blomningar av kvävefixerande bakterier, framför allt cyanobakterier. Dessa är främst Aphanizomenon och Nodularia, men inte endast de fototrofa cyanobakterierna har förutsättningar att fixera N2. NifH gener (genen som kodar för nitrogenas) bärs också av heterotrofa bakterioplankton, vilket har visats i studier i främst Atlanten och Stilla havet. Med hjälp av två olika odlingsmetoder lyckades vi isolera heterotrofa kvävefixerande bakterier tillhörande klassen γ-proteobakteria från Östersjön. Svårigheten med att finna dessa bakterier ligger i att de kräver en miljö med mycket låg syrehalt för att kunna fixera kväve. Resultaten från denna studie ledde oss vidare till att undersöka vilka organismer som uttrycker nifH genen (och då troligen även fixerar kväve) i Östersjön. En av de bakterier som isolerats kunde påvisas med Realtids PCR i ett relativt stort antal (3 x 104 nifH genkopior per liter) vid en av de ursprungliga provtagningsstationerna. För att söka rätt på de olika organismtyper som uttrycker nifH skapades ett klonbibliotek baserat på mRNA extraherat från havsvatten. Det visade sig då att alla de närmare 100 kloner som sekvenserades tillhörde antingen Aphanizominon eller Nodularia. De heterotrofa bakteriernas nifH genuttryck var troligen i jämförelse med dessa cyanobakterier alltför lågt för att kunna detekteras. Realtids PCR mätningar av Nodularias nifH genuttryck visade på en stor variation mellan de olika provtagningsstationerna samt mellan de olika provtagningstillfällena. Vi fann dock en kraftig ökning under juli med en nedgång igen i augusti. En dygnscykelstudie visade att Nodularia nifH genuttrycket ökade under förmiddagen med en topp mitt på dagen för att sedan minska igen. Detta troligen med anledning av att den energikrävande kvävefixeringsprocessen sker under de ljusa timmarna då cellen får energi från fotosyntesen. I de molekylärbiologiska metoderna som används för att få information om identitet och aktivitet hos skilda organismer krävs att DNA och RNA kan extraheras från prover tagna i naturliga vattenmiljöer. Även om antalet bakterier tillsynes är högt, så är mängden DNA och RNA per liter havsvatten relativt låg, därför krävs ett väl fungerande protokoll för denna extraktion. I en inledande studie i denna avhandling optimerades en metod för att utvinna DNA. Ett antal sådana protokoll finns publicerade men dessa har ofta lågt utbyte. Det nya protokollet har hög effektivitet, vilket gör att små provvolymer kan användas (2 ml jämfört med tidigare flera liter) och därmed ökar hanterbarheten. Vi visar i denna studie att varje steg 7 i DNA-extraktionsprotokollet är viktigt för att ge en hög effektivitet. Detta protokoll kan med fördel användas som vägledning för många olika typer av studier. På grund av att många havsbakterier inte kan bilda kolonier och alltså inte växa på traditionella medier har det varit svårt att få en klar bild av artrikedomen. Molekylärbiologin har dock gjort det möjligt att identifiera bakterier med hjälp av 16S rRNA genen, en enorm mängd gensekvenser från världens alla hav har inkommit till den gemensamma databanken (GenBank). År 2002 gjordes en studie där man sammanställde informationen i denna databank, för att få en bild av artrikedomen i världshaven. Resultatet av denna studie var att det i världshaven fanns färre bakterietyper än vad många forskare har spekulerat i. I denna avhandlig har vi utfört en studie där vi gjorde en stor global provtagning för att se om denna undersökning överensstämde med den datainformativa. Provtagning från nio lokaliteter gjordes i de tempererade, tropiska och polarhaven. Ett genbibliotek från varje lokal gjordes och kloner sekvenserades. Resultatet visar i likhet med den datainformativa undersökningen på en begränsad artrikedom. 80% av gensekvenserna fanns redan i databanken, vilket tyder på att de flesta arter redan har blivit funna. Dessutom visade det sig att få av bakterierna återfanns på alla ställen och många återfanns endast på ett ställe. Utöver detta visade det sig att det fanns en ökad artrikedom ju närmare ekvatorn man kom, vilket tidigare har visats för större organismer. Studierna i denna avhandling har ökat förståelsen för hur sammansättningen av det kvävefixerande bakteriesamhället i Östersjön ser ut samt bidragit till diskussionen om den globala artrikedomen bland bakterioplakton och dess utbredning.
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Crosswhite, F. S., and C. D. Crosswhite. "Nitrogen Fixation in Desert Legumes." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609108.

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Monteiro, Fanny. "Mechanistic models of oceanic nitrogen fixation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53104.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-185).
Oceanic nitrogen fixation and biogeochemical interactions between the nitrogen, phosphorus and iron cycles have important implications for the control of primary production and carbon storage in the ocean. The biological process of nitrogen fixation is thought to be particularly important where the ocean is nitrogen limited and oligotrophic. This thesis examines some of the mechanisms responsible for the distribution, rates and temporal variability of nitrogen fixation and its geochemical signature in the modern ocean. I employ simple analytical theories and numerical models of ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles, and closely refer to direct observations of the phytoplanktonic community and geochemical tracers of the marine nitrogen cycle. Time-series observations of geochemical tracers and abundances of nitrogen fixers (or diazotrophs) in the northern subtropical gyres suggest variability in nitrogen fixation on interannual and longer timescales. I use a highly idealized, two-layer model of the nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemistry and ecology of a subtropical gyre to explore the previously proposed hypothesis that such variability is regulated by an internal biogeochemical oscillator. I find, in certain parameter regimes, self-sustained oscillations in nitrogen fixation, community structure and biogeochemical cycles even with perfectly steady physical forcing. The period of the oscillations is strongly regulated by the exchange rate between the thermocline and mixed-layer waters, suggesting a period of several years to several decades for the North Pacific subtropical gyre regime, but would likely be shorter (only a year or so) for the North Atlantic Ocean.
(cont.) Geochemical tracers such as DINxs (=NO3--16PO3-) measure the oceanic departure from the Redfield ratio. DINx, is often used to estimate the rate of nitrogen fixation in the ocean, by quantifying the tracer accumulation along isopycnals. However this tracer reflects an interwoven set of processes including nitrogen fixation, but also denitrification, atmospheric and riverine sources, differential remineralization and complex transport pathways. I examine analytical solutions of the prognostic equation of DINx, and an idealized three-dimensional model of the basin-scale circulation, biogeochemical cycles and ecology of the North Atlantic Ocean. The two approaches demonstrate that the observations of a subsurface maximum in the North Atlantic Ocean and the temporal variability at the station BATS of DINxs can be explained simply by preferential remineralization of organic phosphorus relative to nitrogen. A further analysis reveals that the current geochemical estimates based on inorganic forms of phosphorus and nitrogen underestimate integrated nitrogen fixation rates by a factor of two to six, by neglecting the preferential remineralization effect. Most current understanding of oceanic nitrogen fixation is based on the Trichodesmium, though unicellular cyanobacteria, diatom-diazotroph associations (DDA) and heterotrophic bacteria might be as important in adding nitrogen into the ocean. I employ a self-assembling global ocean ecosystem model to simulate diverse phytoplanktonic diazotrophs in the global ocean and examine how temperature, oligotrophy, iron and phosphate limitations influence the global marine diazotroph distribution.
(cont.) Analogs of Trichodesmium, unicellular diazotrophs and DDA are successful in the model, showing very similar distributions with observations. The total diazotrophic population is distributed over most of the oligotrophic warm (sub)tropical waters in the model. The model demonstrates that temperature is not the primary control, but suggests instead that diazotroph biogeography is restricted to the low fixed nitrogen oceanic regions which have sufficient dissolved iron and phosphate. The theory of resource competition is used to map out regions of iron and phosphate regulation of diazotroph distribution. The theory suggests that diazotrophs are largely regulated by iron availability, in particular in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The iron cycle is currently not well enough constrained to confidently predict the diazotroph distribution in global ocean models.
by Fanny Monteiro.
Ph.D.
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10

Abdel, Magid H. M., P. W. Singleton, and J. W. Tavares. "Sesbania-Rhizobium Specificity and Nitrogen Fixation." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609114.

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The compatibility of potentially nitrogen fixing associations between ten Rhizobium strains and six Sesbania accessions (species) was studied under glasshouse conditions. The rates of N₂ (C₂ H₂) fixation (u moles C₂ H₄ /plant/h) were determined. The various Sesbania accessions responded differently to inoculation with the strains tested. The ANOVA test revealed that there are real accessions (P = 0.01) and strains (P = 0.05) differences. In general the results obtained indicated that the highest mean rate of N₂ (C₂ H₂) fixation and the highest degree of compatibility with strains under test was shown by Sesbania bispinosa (accession BA12). Sesbania grandiflora (accession GL 2.02) ranked next. The performance of Sesbania pachycarpa (accession PCI), Sesbania macrantha (accession MNI), and Sesbania sesban (accession SBIO) in the N₂ (C₂ H₂) assay is lower than that of accessions BAI2 and GL2.02, thus indicating the possibility of lack of compatibility between these three accessions and almost all of the Rhizobium strains studied. Plants of Sesbania rostrata (accession RSI) produced either extremely low or no ethylene (C₂ H₄) quantities in the N₂ (C₂ H₂) assay thus indicative of high specificity or that this legume is not promiscuous at all. However, inoculated and fertilized Sesbania rostrata performed quite satisfactorily and formed profuse N₂-fixing nodules on roots and stems when grown in potted soil under Central Saudi Arabia climatic conditions. The results obtained indicated high variability among treatments in nodule number.
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Books on the topic "Nitroge fixation"

1

Ribbe, Markus W., ed. Nitrogen Fixation. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-194-9.

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Polsinelli, M., R. Materassi, and M. Vincenzini, eds. Nitrogen Fixation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3486-6.

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Gresshoff, Peter M., L. Evans Roth, Gary Stacey, and William E. Newton, eds. Nitrogen Fixation. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6432-0.

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Nishibayashi, Yoshiaki, ed. Nitrogen Fixation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57714-2.

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Nitrogen fixation. 3rd ed. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Nitrogen fixation. 2nd ed. London: E. Arnold, 1987.

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Zehr, Jonathan P., and Douglas G. Capone. Marine Nitrogen Fixation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67746-6.

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Graham, P. H., M. J. Sadowsky, and C. P. Vance, eds. Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1088-4.

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de Bruijn, Frans J., ed. Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119053095.

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S, Stacey G., Burris Robert H. 1914-, and Evans H. J, eds. Biological nitrogen fixation. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nitroge fixation"

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Lindblad, F., and M. G. Guerrero. "Nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 299–312. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9626-3_19.

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Lindblad, P., and M. G. Guerrero. "Nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 299–312. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1566-7_19.

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Olivares, José. "Nitrogen Fixation." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1121–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1064.

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Sprent, J. "Nitrogen fixation." In The Groundnut Crop, 255–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0733-4_8.

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Olivares, José. "Nitrogen Fixation." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1688–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1064.

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Nair, P. K. Ramachandran. "Nitrogen fixation." In An Introduction to Agroforestry, 307–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1608-4_17.

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Bonga, J. M., and P. von Aderkas. "Nitrogen fixation." In In Vitro Culture of Trees, 150. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8058-8_9.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Nitrogen Fixation." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 910. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14325.

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Reitner, Joachim, and Volker Thiel. "Nitrogen Fixation." In Encyclopedia of Geobiology, 690. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_247.

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Lack, Andrew, and David Evans. "Nitrogen fixation." In Plant Biology, 228–30. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203002902-68.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nitroge fixation"

1

Aljobeh, Zuhdi Y., Tiffany N. Kolba, Yacoub Aljobeh, and Dana Hinaman. "Impact of Autumn Olive Nitrogen-Fixation on Groundwater Nitrate Concentration." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479865.004.

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Dekas, Anne E. "NITROGEN FIXATION IN DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-306667.

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Tsuji, Masatoshi, Y. Kawakami, A. Ashida, and K. Nitta. "Design of Nitrogen Fixation System for CEEF." In International Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951583.

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Inoue, M., S. Iiyama, T. Numaguchi, K. Kikuchi, and K. Nitta. "Development of the Nitrogen Fixation System for CELSS." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/921238.

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KANG, LIHUA, and HAIBIN MA. "INTERACTION OF ASSOCIATIVE NITROGEN-FIXATION BACTERIA WITH EUCALYPTUS." In Proceedings of the International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704504_0025.

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Tsuji, Masatoshi, Takayuki Sakamoto, Akira Ashida, and Keiji Nitta. "Nitrogen Fixation System as a CELSS Subsystem for CEEF." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961418.

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Natwora, Kaela E., and Cody Sheik. "COMPARISON OF NITROGEN FIXATION RATES ACROSS THE LAURENTIAN GREAT LAKES (LGL)." In 54th Annual GSA North-Central Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020nc-348018.

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Wu, Sarah X., Bishal Thapa, Yuan Yuan, Robinson Ndeddy Aka, and Alia Nasir. "Optimization of a green plasma process for nitrogen fixation in water." In 2022 Houston, Texas July 17-20, 2022. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.202200908.

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Tsuji, Masatoshi, Toru Numaguchi, Shigeo Iiyama, Katsutoshi Kikuchi, Keiji Nitta, and Akira Ashida. "Experimental Study of Nitrogen Fixation System in a Closed Ecological System." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/941409.

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Spataru, Petru. "TWO TYPES OF THE NITROGEN FIXATION BY MICROBIAL ORGANISMS IN RIVER WATERS." In International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development institute for Industrial Ecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2021.ab55.

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Reports on the topic "Nitroge fixation"

1

Paul J. Chirik. Understanding Nitrogen Fixation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1041006.

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Jurkevitch, Edouard, Carol Lauzon, Boaz Yuval, and Susan MacCombs. role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in survival and reproductive success of Ceratitis capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695863.bard.

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Objectives: to demonstrate nitrogen fixation in the gut of Ceratitiscapitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly and that fixed nitrogen is important for the fly. Background: Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a highly successful, widespread group of insects causing enormous economic damage in agriculture. They are anautogenous, i.e. the acquisition of nitrogenous compounds by both male and female is essential for the realization of their reproductive potential. Nitrogen, although abundant in the atmosphere, is paradoxically a limiting resource for multicellular organisms. In the Animalia, biological nitrogen fixation has solely been demonstrated in termites. Major achievements and conclusions: We found that all individuals of field-collected medflies harbor large diazotrophicenterobacterial populations that express dinitrogenreductase in the gut. Moreover, nitrogen fixation was demonstrated in isolated guts and in live flies and may significantly contribute to the fly’s nitrogen intake. Specific components of these communities were shown to be transmitted vertically between flies. Moreover, we found that the gut bacterial community changes during the fly’s active season both in composition and complexity. Moreover, strong changes in community structure were also observed between the fly's various developmental stages. An initial analysis using SuPERPCR, a technology enabling the detection of minor populations by selective elimination of the dominant 16S rDNA sequences revealed that Pseudomonasspp. may also be part of the gut community. Implications: The presence of similar bacterial consortia in additional insect orders suggests that nitrogen fixation occurs in vast pools of terrestrial insects. On such a large scale, this phenomenon may have a considerable impact on the nitrogen cycle.
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Burris, R. H. Enzymology of biological nitrogen fixation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5403340.

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Burris, R. H. Enzymology of biological nitrogen fixation. Annual report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10138605.

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Okon, Yaacov, Robert Burris, and Yigal Henis. Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Grass-Azospirillom Association. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7593407.bard.

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James W Golden. Regulation of Development and Nitrogen Fixation in Anabaena. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838436.

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Golden, James W. Regulation of Development and Nitrogen Fixation in Anabaena. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/939624.

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Cramer, Stephen. Support for the 19th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1418239.

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Westgate, Mark E., Gerald Sebuwufu, and Mercy K. Kabahuma. Enhancing Yield and Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Common Beans. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-203.

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Kahn, Michael, Svetlana Yurgel, Aaron Ogden, Mahmoud Gargouri, Jeong-Jin Park, David Gang, Kelly Hagberg, et al. Unbalancing Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Can We Make Effectiveness More Effective? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764578.

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