Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrofuran metabolites'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nitrofuran metabolites"
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Bayer, O. V., O. S. Yaremchuk, T. V. Yevtushenko, L. V. Shevchenko, V. M. Mykhalska, Yu V. Dobrozhan, Ya V. Dovhopol, and R. L. Varpikhovskyi. "Розробка та оцінка придатності методу визначення нітрофуранів в меді за допомогою рідинної хроматографії високого тиску – тандемної мас-спектрометрії (UPLC-MS-MS)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_300.
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<p><span lang="UK">Over the past decade, Ukraine has been one of the leaders in exporting honey to EU countries. The main obstacle to increasing the export of Ukrainian honey to EU countries is the discrepancy of honey safety indicators with the requirements of importing countries. This is due to the use of a significant number of drugs with antimicrobial spectrum of action in the treatment and prevention of diseases of bees, the remains of which fall into honey. In domestic honey, according to recent data, the remains of such groups of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents as chloramphenicol, nitrofuran, nitroimidazole, sulfanilamides, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides are most commonly found.</span><span lang="EN-US">The nitrofurans, which are quite stable, can be stored in honey for a long time and are not destroyed even at high temperatures. Therefore, the urgent question remains the development and introduction into practice of laboratory analysis of a sensitive and reliable method for determining the residual amounts of nitrofurans in honey.The method developed by us allows us to determine the residual amounts of metabolites of nitrofurans in honey, namely: furazolidone derivative - 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), furaltadone-3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), nitrofurase-semicarbazide SEM) and nitrofurantoin-1-aminohydandomine (AHD).The use of drugs nitrofuran number in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases of bees involves the receipt of their metabolites in honey in the human body.The conducted studies revealed that nitrofurantoin (38% of honey samples) was used most often in beekeeping, followed by fureladone (24%), while nitrofurase and furazolidone were used equally in 19% of honey samples, respectively.The conducted studies revealed 4 metabolites of nitrofurans in natural honey, namely the metabolite furazolidone 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), nitrofurase-semicarbazide (SEM), furaltadone-3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), and nitrofurantoin - 1-aminohydandomine (AHD).The content of 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) and semicarbazide (SEM) in honey exceeds the MDR by the norms of Ukraine. According to EU norms, the content of 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and 1-aminohydinotin (AHD) in honey exceeds MDR and the semicarbazide content (SEM) permissible concentration.</span></p>
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An, Haejung, Lenin Parrales, Kai Wang, Teresa Cain, Ralph Hollins, Douglas Forrest, Benjamin Liao, Han Chol Paek, and Jacqueline Sram. "Quantitative Analysis of Nitrofuran Metabolites and Chloramphenicol in Shrimp Using Acetonitrile Extraction and Liquid Chromatograph-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection: A Single Laboratory Validation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.14-262.
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Abstract A method was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites in shrimp according to the guideline established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Office of Foods and Veterinary Medicine. The extraction steps following the overnight hydrolysis and derivatization are simpler than the conventional ethyl acetate extraction method. The main steps are neutralization of hydrolysates, addition of acetonitrile for extraction, and salting out of organic phase from the acetonitrile-aqueous mixture. Extracts are analyzed for chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites by LC-MS/MS in a single injection with polarity switching between the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode for the nitrofurans and the negative ESI mode for chloramphenicol. Recoveries calculated using an extracted matrix calibration curve and labeled internal standards for chloramphenicol and nitrofurans ranged from 98.6 to 109.2% with RSDs less than 18%. This method that combines the analysis of chloramphenicol with the nitrofurans was shown to generate analytical results similar to those obtained using the individual drug-class analytical methods currently used for the analysis of chloramphenicol or nitrofurans in shrimp.
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Smajlovic, Ahmed, Indira Mujezinovic, Vitomir Cupic, and Mehmed Muminovic. "Nitrofurans' residues in food of animal origin." Veterinarski glasnik 65, no. 3-4 (2011): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1104215s.
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Nitrofurans are synthetic broad-spectrum antimicobial agents that are often used in commercial animal production because of their excellent antibacterial and pharmacokinetic properties. However, nitrofurans and their metabolites have been shown to have potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic characteristics which has led to a ban on the use of nitrofurans in preventive and therapeutic treatment of animals used for food production. Metabolites of nitrofurans that can be determined after their application are: a metabolite of furazolidone, furaltadone metabolite, a metabolite of nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone metabolite. The presence of residues of nitrofuran antibiotics in meat, fish and shrimps, and milk and eggs originating from countries outside the European Union is monitored and recorded by the RASFF system of the European Union. Furthermore, since nitrofurans are used in some countries as prophylactic agents and growth promoters, it is necessary to carry out constant control of various types of food of animal origin, in order to reduce to the minimum potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of these supstances for the health of consumers. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there is no permanent control of nitrofurans in food of animal origin. The provisions of the ?Regulation on the maximum allowable amounts of veterinary drugs and pesticides in products of animal origin", published in the Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina state the prohibiting of the use of certain veterinary drugs in animals intended for human consumption, including nitrofurans. The European Union has established the minimum required limit (MRLP) for performance which is 1 ?g/kg of nitrofurans for edible tissues of animal origin. Taking all this into account, methods for nitrofurans detection should be accreditated and validated, both for screening and confirmatory methods, and further research into the presence of nitrofurans in food of animal origin in Bosnia and Herzegovina should be performed.
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Alkan, Fatih, Arzu Kotan, and Nurullah Ozdemir. "Development and Validation of Confirmatory Method for Analysis of Nitrofuran Metabolites in Milk, Honey, Poultry Meat and Fish by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." Macedonian Veterinary Review 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macvetrev-2015-0060.
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AbstractIn this study we have devoloped and validated a confirmatory analysis method for nitrofuran metabolites, which is in accordance with European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC requirements. Nitrofuran metabolites in honey, milk, poultry meat and fish samples were acidic hydrolised followed by derivatisation with nitrobenzaldehyde and liquid-liquid extracted with ethylacetate. The quantitative and confirmative determination of nitrofuran metbolites was performed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) in the positive ion mode. In-house method validation was performed and reported data of validation (specificity, linearity, recovery, CCα and CCβ). The advantage of this method is that it avoids the use of clean-up by Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE). Furthermore, low levels of nitrofuran metabolites are detectable and quantitatively confirmed at a rapid rate in all samples.
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El-Demerdash, Aref, Fenhong Song, Robin K. Reel, Judy Hillegas, and Robert E. Smith. "Simultaneous Determination of Nitrofuran Metabolites and Chloramphenicol in Shrimp with a Single Extraction and LC-MS/MS Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.14-261.
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Abstract A method has been developed to quantify the nitrofuran metabolites 3-amino-5-morphorinomethyl-1,3-oxazolidinone, 3-amino-oxazolidinone, 1-aminohydantoin, and semicarbazide, as well as chloramphenicol in shrimp with a single extraction procedure followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Dynamic selected reaction monitoring with positive and negative ionization mode switching was used. The method LODs were 0.5 ng/g for the nitrofuran metabolites and 0.3 ng/g for chloramphenicol.
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Veach, Brian T., Chris A. Baker, John H. Kibbey, Andrew Fong, Bryanna J. Broadaway, and Connie P. Drake. "Quantitation of Chloramphenicol and Nitrofuran Metabolites in Aquaculture Products Using Microwave-Assisted Derivatization, Automated SPE, and LC-MS/MS." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 3 (May 1, 2015): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.14-271.
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Abstract This paper describes a rapid and robust method utilizing microwave-assisted derivatization, automated SPE, and LC-MS/MS for the quantitation and confirmation of chloramphenicol (CAP) and nitrofuran metabolites in various aquaculture matrixes. The use of equipment presented in this work allowed extractions to be completed on average within 6 h, with quantitation accuracy ranging from 89 to 107% and RSD ≤8.3%. The demonstrated detection limits for all the nitrofuran metabolites of interest in three different matrixes were ≤0.06 ng/g, with a quantitation limit of ≤0.2 ng/g. Additionally, the method exhibited a CAP detection limit for all matrixes ≤0.01 ng/g and an LOQ of ≤0.03 ng/g.
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Luo, Xianzhu, Zhiwei Sun, Xu Wang, Yanxin Yu, Zhongyin Ji, Shijuan Zhang, Guoliang Li, and Jinmao You. "Determination of nitrofuran metabolites in marine products by high performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection with microwave-assisted derivatization." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 6 (2019): 2649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj05479g.
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A sensitive method for simultaneous detection of four nitrofuran metabolites (3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), semicarbazide (SEM), 3-amino-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and 1-aminohydantoin (AH)) in marine products.
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An, Haejung, Mark Henry, Teresa Cain, Bichsa Tran, Han Chol Paek, and Dennis Farley. "Determination of Total Nitrofuran Metabolites in Shrimp Muscle Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mode." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 1222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-305.
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Abstract The method of MacMahon and Lohne for analysis of nitrofuran metabolites in shrimp was optimized to streamline the extraction processes and the LC analysis. This revised method includes 16 h of mild acid hydrolysis/derivatization followed by ethyl acetate extraction and analysis by LC/MS/MS in the atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mode. This revised method was validated in shrimp for concentrations of 0.25 to 2.0 ng/g. The LOQ was 0.25 ng/g for all metabolites. The LOD was 0.052 ng/g for 1-aminohydantoin (AHD), 0.206 ng/g for 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 0.108 ng/g for semicarbazide (SC), and 0.062 ng/g for 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ). The spike recoveries with RSD into negative matrix at 1 ng/g were 100.2% (3.2%) for AHD, 102.5% (1.0%) for AOZ, 103.7% (2.3%) for SC, and 104.0% (3.3%) for AMOZ. The spike recoveries at 1 ng/g into unknown samples (n = 108) containing varied levels of nitrofuran metabolites were 112.6% (25.7%) for AHD, 108.1% (12.1%) for AOZ, 103.0% (12.0%) for SC, and 100.3% (6.9%) for AMOZ. Interday precision with samples containing incurred AOZ concentrations of 0.92 to 17.8 ppb performed over a year was 10.4% RSD. The method is accurate and precise for determining nitrofuran concentrations in the edible tissue of shrimp.
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Veach, Brian T., N. Bandara, B. Broadaway, C. Casey, A. Fong, A. Karmakar, M. Mayweather, et al. "Determination of Chloramphenicol and Nitrofuran Metabolites in Cobia, Croaker, and Shrimp Using Microwave-Assisted Derivatization, Automated SPE, and LC-MS/MS–Results from a U.S. Food and Drug Administration Level Three Inter-Laboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, no. 4 (June 4, 2020): 1043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa019.
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Abstract Background An interlaboratory study was conducted to test a published, peer-reviewed manuscript in the Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL Vol 98, No. 3, 2015, “Quantitation of Chloramphenicol and Nitrofuran Metabolites in Aquaculture Products Using Microwave-Assisted Derivatization, Automated Solid-Phase Extraction, and LC-MS/MS.” Objective The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the performance of the method in shrimp, cobia, and croaker matrices. Method Three U.S. Food and Drug Administration laboratories participated in the collaborative study. The laboratories tested matrix blanks and laboratory-fortified matrix blanks at various levels in three separate matrices. The method evaluation included determination of the LOQ, accuracy, and precision. Results The reproducibility and repeatability of the RSD, % levels for matrix spikes fortified below the action level were < 10% for all residues in shrimp, < 13% for all residues in cobia except for 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone which was ≤ 22%, and < 16% for croaker. The RSD, % levels for all other spikes in the study were < 14%. Average percent recoveries for all matrices ranged from 81.6% – 102%. Conclusions The study demonstrated that the method is acceptable for use for the combined determination of chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites in the study matrices. Highlights The study showed acceptable quantitation for the high-throughput chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites method.
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Śniegocki, Tomasz, Marta Giergiel, Bartosz Sell, and Andrzej Posyniak. "New method of analysis of nitrofurans and nitrofuran metabolites in different biological matrices using UHPLC-MS/MS." Journal of Veterinary Research 62, no. 2 (July 7, 2018): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2018-0025.
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AbstractIntroductionThe major difficulty in analysis of nitrofurans in feed, feed water, and food of animal origin is that nitrofurans have low molecular weights and fast metabolism. The principal goal of this study was to prepare a procedure for the determination of nitrofurans and their metabolites by a single method in different types of feed, feed water, and food of animal origin.Material and MethodsTwo-gram samples were subjected to hydrolysis and derivatisation processes by addition of hydrochloric acid and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde. After incubation the sample was purified by solid phase extraction technique. Nitrofurans were analysed using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS).ResultsThe results of validation fulfil the requirement of the confirmatory criteria according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC regarding apparent recoveries (88.9%–107.3%), repeatability (2.9%–9.4%) and within-laboratory reproducibility (4.4%–10.7%).ConclusionThe method can be successfully applied to monitor nitrofurans and their metabolites in different matrices.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitrofuran metabolites"
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Wickramanayake, Priyanga, and s3028858@student rmit edu au. "Applications of chiral selectors and replaceable supports for capillary electrophoretic separations." RMIT University. Applied Chemistry, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080617.115607.
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The popularity of capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a separation technique has been established over the years. CE offers the advantages of high resolution, high separation efficiency, fast approaches of method development, a range of operational modes and low consumption of reagents. The strategy employed here for the development of chromatographic separations involved the utilization of experimental designs, multi-linear regression and response surface methodology to build empirical models that related the chromatographic quality to the factors influencing the separation. Separation of Nitrofuran antibiotics (NFAs) and their metabolites (NFMs) by using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography was successfully completed. The best conditions found to give optimum resolution from the optimization study was pH 9.0, 80 mM SDC concentration, 16 kV with running buffer consisting of 20 mM borate and 20 mM phosphate concentration using a 73 cm x 75 Ým column, resulting in completely resolved NFAs and NFMs within 16 min. It is interesting that all the compounds can be reliably separated with the one mixture, and single CE condition. Whilst all antibiotics have shorter migration time than their respective derivatised metabolites, as a group apart from nitrofurantoin the antibiotics elute before the metabolites. The analytical figures of merit for CE analysis exhibited excellent reproducibility of absolute and relative migration times, and acceptable reproducibility of relative response areas. Successful separation of metabolite derivatives was achieved when the developed method was applied to a spiked prawn sample. The chiral separation of Triadimenol was successfully completed using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. The best conditions found to give optimum resolution from the optimisation study were pH 6.0, 20% methanol, 50 mM SDS concentration, 18 kV with running buffer consisting of 20 mM borate and 20 mM phosphate concentration using a 64.5 cm x 50 Ým column, resulted in baseline resolution of all Triadimenol isomers within 18 min. The optimised separation conditions were applied to a blank grape sample and to a spiked grape sample. No peaks were observed in the blank grape sample whereas the spiked grape sample had two diastereoismer peaks with poor detection sensitivity. Increase in detection sensitivity is necessary to determine the possibility of resolution of all the isomers of Triadimenol, in the spiked grape sample and the blank. Online preconcentration techniques were attempted to for Triadimenol isomer separation. When using online preconcentration technique of sweeping, a 30-fold increase in detection sensitivity of Triadimenol was observed compared to MEKC mode. However enantiomer separation was not possible with sulfated-£]-CD chiral selector. The best conditions were found to be pH 2.5, 50 mM SDS concentration, -20 kV with running buffer consisting of 20 mM phosphate concentration, using a 64.5 cm x 50 Ým column, resulting in diastereoisomer separation within 8 min. Final stage of the project was to create stationary phase beds in capillaries and micro-channels that could be removed and re-created, thus providing a fresh stationary phase. The replaceable stationary phase (RSP) can be used as an operating mode of CE/CEC. Preparation of reversible stationary phase (RSP) inside the capillary column was successfully performed using low methoxy pectin (LMP). LMP renders a capability of reversible thermogelation. Electroosmotic flow (EOF) and sufficient hydrophobicity of LMP gel allow separation of analyates. The porosity of LMP RSP was adequate to support EOF. Successful separation with good reproducibility of areas and migration times was obtained for Caffeine, Aspartame, Benzoic acid, Saccharine (CABS) mixture and NFAs. After performing continuous analyses, the aging of RSP was observed. Temperature was the ¡¥switch¡¦, which applied to remove aged RSP. RSP was recreated for further analysis of analytes. RSP was UV transparent, capable of handling various analytes and diff erent buffer electrolytes including aqueous-organic solvents.
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Kuo, Yi-Hsin, and 郭宜鑫. "The Effect of Chlorine Dioxide on Nitrofuran Metabolites Degradation in Water and Sediments." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2d5ak4.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
103
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on degradation of four nitrofuran metabolites (AOZ, AMOZ, SC and AH) in freshwater and seawater environments of water and sediments; also to understand the situation of nitrofuran metabolites residues in water and sediments. Experiment consisted of four parts, first was to establish the method for detecting the four nitrofuran metabolites in water and sediments, and the results showed that specificity, recovery, repeatability and limits of quantification were in line with the validation of Method of Test for chemistry in foods of Food and Drug Administration. Limits of quantification of four nitrofuran metabolites in freshwater, seawater and sediments were reached 0.5 ng/mL, and the recovery rate were between 90.10~109.97 %. Second was the different concentrations (1, 5 and 10 mg/L) of chlorine dioxide on 100 ng/mL nitrofuran metabolites degradation in freshwater and seawater. Results showed that 1 mg/L chlorine dioxide was effective immediately in 1 day after treatment for nitrofuran metabolites in freshwater and seawater, and treatment with 10 mg/L chlorine dioxide showed the most significant result both in freshwater and seawater which the concentrations of AOZ, AMOZ, SC and AH were below the limits of quantification after 10 mg/L chlorine dioxide treatment 2 day. Third was the different concentrations (10, 20 and 40 mg/L) of chlorine dioxide on 100 ng/mL nitrofuran metabolites degradation in sediments with freshwater and seawater. Results showed that 40 mg/L chlorine dioxide treatment effect was the most significant and effective immediately in 1 day after treatment for nitrofuran metabolites in sediments with freshwater and seawater. Fourth was to investigate the degradation of 100 ng/mL nitrofuran metabolites in water and sediments during 90 days. In freshwater and seawater, results indicated that AOZ was 42.07 ± 0.80 and 35.10 ± 0.35 ng/mL, AMOZ was 31.23 ± 0.08 and 21.08 ± 0.25 ng/mL, SC was 11.82 ± 0.53 ng/mL and below the quantification limit, and AH was 51.17 ± 0.29 and 7.03 ± 0.53 ng/ mL on ninetieth day; but SC was still 1.09 ± 0.19 ng/mL in seawater on thirtieth day. In sediments, outcome was that four nitrofuran metabolites were degraded immediately in 1 day. The degradation rate of nitrofuran metabolites became slow with time. In sediments with freshwater and seawater on ninetieth day, AOZ was 4.98 ± 0.12 and 5.49 ± 0.73 ng/mL, AMOZ was 31.23 ± 0.08 and 21.08 ± 0.25 ng/mL, SC was 1.52 ± 0.01 and 1.58 ± 0.09 ng/mL, and AH was 1.11 ± 0.03 and 1.31 ± 0.04 ng/mL. This experiment pointed that chlorine dioxide (ClO2) can degrade four nitrofuran metabolites (AOZ, AMOZ, SC and AH) in freshwater and seawater environments, and higher concentration was needed in sediments than in water. Four nitrofuran metabolites would remain in water and sediments for a long period, and the remaining time in seawater is longer than in freshwater.
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Barbosa, Jorge Manuel da Silva. "Residues of Furaltadone and Nifursol Nitrofuran Parent Compounds and Metabolites in Feed, Poultry Edible Tissues and Eggs." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/18276.
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Cheng, Hsing-Hsiang, and 鄭幸祥. "A study on the analytical methods of antibacterial drugs-nitrofuran and its metabolites residues in cultured fish A study on the analytical methods of antibacterial drugs-nitrofuran and its metabolites residues in cultured fish A study on the analytic." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74606675622788303476.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系
94
The objects of this study were to compare the analytical methods of HPLC and LC-MS for the antibacterial drugs- nitrofuran and its metabolites residues in aquacultural fish and to apply ELISA method to detect AOZ residues in fish tissue. Nitrofuran, which including FZD, FTD, NFZ, and NFT, had been widely used in animal feed additives or aquacultural fish due to their efficiency and cheap price. But, because of the carcinogenic and mutagenic toxicity, its application on animals for food producing in EU was prohibited since 1993. The nitrofurans are characterized by the rapid metabolism with short half-life, but, its metabolites, AOZ, AMOZ, SC, and AH, which are much stable in tissue bounded with protein. Hence, it will be more meaningful to detect the metabolites to monitor the illegal use of nitrofurans. About HPLC method, samples were extracted by adding 1 to 1 ratio of 0.2 % metaphosphate methanol and deionized water solution and ethyl acetate. Mobile phase was mixed with acetonitrile and 0.05 M NaH2PO4 by 20 to 80 ratio at pH 5.1, and could be completely conducted within 20 minutes. The limit of quantification was 0.02 ppm, the recovery was ranged from 63.8- 75.5 %, and the CV was 2.8-7.4 %. About LC-MS analysis, the derivatisation should be done previously by adding 0.125 M HCl and 2-NBA overnight for 16 hours. Then, SPE cartridge was used to clean up and eluted by ethyl acetate. The gradient mobile phase was used, and total analysis could be finished within 30 minutes. The limit of quantification for AMOZ and AOZ were 0.25 ppb, SC and AH were 0.50 ppb, respectively. The recovery was 63.2-77.3 %, and CV was 4.8-8.4 %. Trying to understand whether the different treatment had the effect on the residues or not, the fish samples were stored for 10 days under -18℃ and heated by microwave for 6 minutes, respectively, and the results revealed both the treatments had not the significant effects no destroying metabolite residues. About AOZ-ELISA analysis, the detection limit was 0.2 ppb, recovery was from 82.6- 98.2 %, CV was 0.8-2.9 %, and the total analysis was within 90 minutes. Therefore, AOZ-ELISA kit would be recommended for the screening work on large sample size.
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Hsu, Ming-Hui, and 徐名慧. "Analysis of Metabolites of Nitrofurans in Aquatic Animals." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25np8p.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
102
Nitrofurans are synthetic broad spectrum antibacterials that have been used widely in aquatic animals. The use of nitrofurans in aquatic animals has been banned in many countries because of its carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. The aim of this study was to establish a HPLC-UV method analyzing the metabolites of nitrofurans, AOZ (3-amino-2-oxazolidinone), AMOZ (3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone), SEM (semicarbazide), and AHD (1-aminohydantoin). It included the optimum HPLC condition, derivatization method, and the order of sample treatment. The derivatives of AOZ, AMOZ, SEM, and AHD could be separated effectively when it used acetonitrile and 0.02% acetic acid with gradient elution. The metabolites of nitrofurans were derivatized by water bath derivatization (37oC for 16 hours and 55oC for 4 hours), ultrasonic-assisted derivatization (for 30 and 60 minutes), and microwave-assisted derivatization (100 and 200 W for 5, 6, and 7 minutes), respectively. There was no significant difference between 37 oC water bath for 16 hours and 55 oC water bath for 4 hours, and so were ultrasonic-assisted derivatization for 60 minutes and microwave-assisted derivatization under different conditions. In addition, derivatization yields were not related to microwave time and irradiation power. It was speculated that derivatization by microwaving under 100 W for 10 seconds could achieve the effect by the treatment at 37 oC water bath for 16 hours. Derivatization time was reduced significantly from 16 hours to 10 seconds. Tilapia was treated with HDEC (hydrolysis, derivatization, extraction, and clean-up), HEDC (hydrolysis, extraction, derivatization, and clean-up), and HEDEC (hydrolysis, extraction, derivatization, extraction, and clean-up). AMOZ was not detected in HEDC procedure while the contents of AOZ and AHD were the highest in HDEC procedure. As a result, HDEC was regarded as the optimum order of sample treatment. The method of using HPLC-UV and Inertsil ODS-3 column, and combining with the optimum HPLC condition, derivatization method, and the order of sample treatment that were established by this study was validated. The limit of detection of AOZ, AMOZ, SEM, and AHD in tilapia was ranged from 0.63 to 0.84 ng/g and the recovery was between 64.2 and 131.5%. The contents of the metabolites of nitrofurans in commercial aquatic animals were also determined. No metabolites of nitrofurans were found in the 10 samples we purchased.
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Tsai, Chung-Wei, and 蔡仲偉. "Studies in Determination and Residues of Nitrofurans and Corresponding Metabolites by LC-MS/MS in Tilapia." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6b5zgu.
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博士國立中山大學
海洋生物科技暨資源學系研究所
97
Nitrofurans have been widely used either in waterbath or feed additives for the prevention and treatment of aquatic products. The European Union was able to assign a maximum residue limit and prohibited nitrofurans used to animals in 1995, because of the potential carcinogenic effects of their residues on human health. This study is focusing on the analytical method of four kinds of commonly used nitrofurans and corresponding residual metabolites by LC-MS/MS. The detection limits of furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurazone and nitrofurntoin were 6.11, 3.63, 4.52 and 6.20 μg kg-1,respectively. The detection limits of AOZ, AMOZ, SC and AH were 0.23, 0.30, 0.36, 0.53 μg kg-1, respectively. The lightness is the main factor to cause the decomposition of nitrofurans. It is not significant for temperature to depredate nitrofurans. The adsorbtion of metabolites by the plastic tube was in the extraction procedure. Equipments in glass are suggested to be used for the sample pretreatment and plastic meterials are averted to be exercised. About the comparation of determination of AOZ by ELISA and LC-MS/MS. The result demonstrated that the ELISA method might overestimate the residual AOZ content at low concentrations. The detection limit and recovery of the known addition were 0.05 μg kg-1 and 108% for the LC-MS/MS method and 0.31 μg kg-1 and 305% for the ELISA method, respectively. The amounts of residual nitrofurans and metabolites in muscle, liver, gill and skin tissue of tilapia which were treated in different conditions were compared. The depletion data of bathing treatment group obtained showed similar be haviors of furazolidone, furaltadone, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin in tilapia which the residual time was less than 24 hr. The amounts of residual nitrofurans appeared the highest concentration in gill and the lowest concentration in muscle. Bonded residues of metabolites can be detected for at least 4 weeks after administration in muscle, skin, liver and gill. The concentrations of residual bonded metabolites were higher than non-bonded metabolites in gill and muscle besides liver during depletion periods. After bathing medication, there were more residual nitrofurans and corresponding metabolites in sea water tilapia than fresh water group, because sea water fish survives in high osmotic condition to reduce their urination. Nitrofurans and metabolites were deconstructed by enzyme in gills, livers, intestines and muscles. Then tissues of fish accumulated nitrofurans and metabolites soon after medication. The maturity of fish is one of facters to effect different residual concentration during depletion periods. Liver is the main tissue to deconstruct nitrofurans and metabolites for the bathing medication and intestine is the major tissue to decompose antibiotics for the feeding medicaton. In this research, we built a completed way to determine nitrofurans and corresponding metatbolites. Comparation of fish in different conditions and different medicative ways were in this investigation. These results could be helpful for aquacultures and government institutions.
Books on the topic "Nitrofuran metabolites"
1
Nazrul, Islam Md. Analysis of pond water and soil/sediment of shrimp farms and hatcheries for nitrofuran metabolites and chloramphenicol. Mymensingh: Department of Fisheries Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, 2010.
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