Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nitriles. Catalysis

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Nitriles. Catalysis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nitriles. Catalysis"

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Robertson, Dan E., Jennifer A. Chaplin, Grace DeSantis, Mircea Podar, Mark Madden, Ellen Chi, Toby Richardson, et al. "Exploring Nitrilase Sequence Space for Enantioselective Catalysis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 2004): 2429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.4.2429-2436.2004.

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ABSTRACT Nitrilases are important in the biosphere as participants in synthesis and degradation pathways for naturally occurring, as well as xenobiotically derived, nitriles. Because of their inherent enantioselectivity, nitrilases are also attractive as mild, selective catalysts for setting chiral centers in fine chemical synthesis. Unfortunately, <20 nitrilases have been reported in the scientific and patent literature, and because of stability or specificity shortcomings, their utility has been largely unrealized. In this study, 137 unique nitrilases, discovered from screening of >600 biotope-specific environmental DNA (eDNA) libraries, were characterized. Using culture-independent means, phylogenetically diverse genomes were captured from entire biotopes, and their genes were expressed heterologously in a common cloning host. Nitrilase genes were targeted in a selection-based expression assay of clonal populations numbering 106 to 1010 members per eDNA library. A phylogenetic analysis of the novel sequences discovered revealed the presence of at least five major sequence clades within the nitrilase subfamily. Using three nitrile substrates targeted for their potential in chiral pharmaceutical synthesis, the enzymes were characterized for substrate specificity and stereospecificity. A number of important correlations were found between sequence clades and the selective properties of these nitrilases. These enzymes, discovered using a high-throughput, culture-independent method, provide a catalytic toolbox for enantiospecific synthesis of a variety of carboxylic acid derivatives, as well as an intriguing library for evolutionary and structural analyses.
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Lévay, Krisztina, and László Hegedűs. "Recent Achievements in the Hydrogenation of Nitriles Catalyzed by Transitional Metals." Current Organic Chemistry 23, no. 18 (November 26, 2019): 1881–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666191007160341.

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Amines are important and valuable intermediates in the pharmaceutical, plastic and agrochemical industry. Hence, there is an increasing interest in developing improved process for the synthesis of amines. The heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles is one of the most frequently applied methods for the synthesis of diverse amines, but the homogeneous catalysis has also received a growing attention from the catalysis community. This mini-review provides an overview of the recent achievements in the selective reduction of nitriles using both homogeneous and heterogeneous transition metal catalysts.
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Lee, S. G., J. Kim, and J. Bouffard. "Tandem Divergent Catalysis using Nitriles." Synfacts 10, no. 12 (November 18, 2014): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1379609.

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Ren, Yun-Lai, Jianji Wang, Xinzhe Tian, Fangping Ren, Xinqiang Cheng, and Shuang Zhao. "Direct Conversion of Benzyl Ethers into Aryl Nitriles." Synlett 29, no. 18 (October 16, 2018): 2444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1611062.

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A direct method was developed for the conversion of benzyl ethers into aryl nitriles by using NH4OAc as the nitrogen source and ­oxygen as the terminal oxidant with catalysis by TEMPO/HNO3; the method is valuable for both the synthesis of aromatic nitriles and for the deprotection of ether-protected hydroxy groups to form nitrile groups in multistep organic syntheses.
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Naeimi, Hossein, and Mohsen Moradian. "Metal(II) Schiff base complexes as catalysts for the high-regioselective conversion of epoxides to β-hydroxy nitriles in glycol solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-158.

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A facile preparation of 3-hydroxy propanenitrile derivatives is described involving ring opening of epoxides with potassium cyanide in glycol solvents in the presence of Schiff base complexes as catalysts. This method occurs under neutral and mild conditions with high yields and high regioselectivity. Thus, several β-Hydroxy nitriles, useful intermediates toward biologically-active molecules, are easily obtained at room temperature.Key words: β-hydroxy nitrile, Schiff base, epoxide, glycol, catalyst.
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Zhao, Zhao Hui, Han Bo Zou, and Wei Ming Lin. "Influence of Final Nitriding Temperature on the Preparation and the Catalytic Performance of CoMoNx/CNTs for Ammonia Decomposition." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1514.

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A series of cobalt-molybdenum nitride catalysts were prepared using Co-Mo oxide precursors via temperature-programmed reaction in N2-H2 mixed gases. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physical adsorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption of H2. Their catalytic performance was evaluated in the model reaction of ammonia decomposition. The influence of the final nitriding temperatures on the surface properties and the catalytic perfomance of CoMoNx/CNTs were described. The catalyst nitrided at 650°C shows the best catalytic performance. The results indicated that a suitable final nitriding temperature contributes directly to the formation of nitrides and favor the catalyst activity.
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Watson, Geert, Parviz Gohari Derakhshandeh, Sara Abednatanzi, Johannes Schmidt, Karen Leus, and Pascal Van Der Voort. "A Ru-Complex Tethered to a N-Rich Covalent Triazine Framework for Tandem Aerobic Oxidation-Knoevenagel Condensation Reactions." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040838.

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Herein, a highly N-rich covalent triazine framework (CTF) is applied as support for a RuIII complex. The bipyridine sites within the CTF provide excellent anchoring points for the [Ru(acac)2(CH3CN)2]PF6 complex. The obtained robust RuIII@bipy-CTF material was applied for the selective tandem aerobic oxidation-Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The presented system shows a high catalytic performance (>80% conversion of alcohols to α, β-unsaturated nitriles) without the use of expensive noble metals. The bipy-CTF not only acts as the catalyst support but also provides the active sites for both aerobic oxidation and Knoevenagel condensation reactions. This work highlights a new perspective for the development of highly efficient and robust heterogeneous catalysts applying CTFs for cascade catalysis.
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Marquez, Carlos, Matthieu Corbet, Simon Smolders, Philippe Marion, and Dirk De Vos. "Double metal cyanides as heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts for nitrile synthesis via acid-nitrile exchange reactions." Chemical Communications 55, no. 86 (2019): 12984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc05382d.

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Leadbeater, Nicholas, Jyoti Nandi, and Mason Witko. "Combining Oxoammonium Cation Mediated Oxidation and Photoredox Catalysis for the Conversion of Aldehydes into Nitriles." Synlett 29, no. 16 (September 12, 2018): 2185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610272.

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A method to oxidize aromatic aldehydes to nitriles has been developed. It involves a dual catalytic system of 4-acetamido-TEMPO and visible-light photoredox catalysis. The reaction is performed using ammonium persulfate as both the terminal oxidant and nitrogen source.
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Jiang, Shuai-Shuai, Yan-Chen Wu, Shu-Zheng Luo, Fan Teng, Ren-Jie Song, Ye-Xiang Xie, and Jin-Heng Li. "Silver-mediated oxidative 1,2-alkylesterification of styrenes with nitriles and acids via C(sp3)–H functionalization." Chemical Communications 55, no. 85 (2019): 12805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc06437k.

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A new silver-mediated 1,2-alkylesterification of alkenes with nitriles and acids promoted by a catalytic amount of nickel catalyst for producing acyloxylated nitriles has been developed via a C(sp3)–H functionalization process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitriles. Catalysis"

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Hussain, Bashir. "Catalysis via Induced Intramolecularity: Carbonyl-catalyzed Hydration of α-Amino Nitriles." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31177.

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In the last decade, there has been a surge of interest from the chemistry community in developing synthetic catalysts that emulate the remarkable rate accelerations observed for enzymatic reactions. One approach utilized by enzymes involves preorganization of substrate(s) using a favourable binding event to orient the substrate(s) in a reactive arrangement. Although the “induced intramolecularity” is entropically unfavourable, it is facilitated by the enzymes and utilized to accelerate the subsequent chemical transformation. Chemists have often used a conceptually related stepwise approach in which temporary tethers are assembled to induce a temporary intramolecularity. This preorganization often enables difficult intermolecular reactions, and typically leads to increased regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity in chemical reactions. Seeking to develop a catalytic approach, we focused our efforts in developing a mild, carbonyl-catalyzed hydration protocol for - and -amino nitriles to give the corresponding - and -amino amide and acid. This work highlights the value of employing induced intramolecularity in accessing structurally important chemical motifs that otherwise require harsh reaction conditions. Additionally, this thesis presents the background material, design process, optimization and scope of this reactivity.
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Mekki-Berrada, Adrien. "Production of fatty nitriles by direct reaction of fatty acids and esters with ammonia : design of catalysts for operating at lower temperature." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10060.

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La synthèse de nitriles gras à partir de ressources renouvelables est un domaine qui attire depuis quelques temps les industries de la parfumerie, des polymères et des biocarburants pour avion. Ce travail de thèse s’est plus particulièrement intéressé à réduire de 100°C la température de travail pour les procédés en phase liquide et gaz, au moyen de catalyseurs plus efficaces. Le procédé en phase liquide a été étudié en terme de catalyse homogène et les formes actives à base de zinc ou indium ont été plus particulièrement détaillées ; des conditions ont été établies pour obtenir une réduction de 50°C de la température de travail. Le procédé en phase gaz a été étudié en terme de catalyse hétérogène, les catalyseurs obtenus ou synthétisés étant caractérisés par microcalorimétrie d’adsorption ; des corrélations entre la conversion de l’ester et l’acidité du lit catalytique ont été trouvées à 300°C, et des conditions expérimentales ont été développées pour obtenir une conversion totale à une température réduite de 100°C sur des catalyseurs choisis
The production of fatty nitriles from renewable sources has lately become attractive for the perfume, polymer and aviation biofuel industry. The present work investigated both liquidand gas-phase processes in the aim of developing catalysts working at 200°C, this is 100°C lower than the state-of-the-art. Homogeneous catalysis was described with zinc and indium based species for the liquid-phase process, succeeding in reducing by 50°C the operating temperature. Heterogeneous catalysts with acid-base features were characterized by adsorption calorimetry and tested in the gas-phase process, leading to correlations between acidity and ester conversion at 300°C, while conditions were found on selected catalysts in order for the process to perform the complete conversion of esters into nitriles at 200°C
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Oike, Keiko [Verfasser]. "Synthesis of α-keto acids and nitriles by enzyme catalysis / Keiko Oike." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237048605/34.

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Bidange, Johan. "Valorisation de bio-ressources par catalyse au ruthénium." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S181/document.

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Dans un monde où la fin du pétrole est prévisible, l’utilisation de ressources renouvelables, issues de la biomasse, pour la production de bio-carburants et de matières premières pour l’industrie chimique est un domaine de recherche intense. La transformation de dérivés d’acides gras a pu être réalisée par des réactions de métathèse croisée, catalysées au ruthénium. La synthèse de nitriles dits «courts» comme additifs pour le kérosène ainsi que de monomères pour l’industrie des polymères a été développée. La purification des ressources renouvelables a été étudiée. Un traitement thermique, simple à mettre en œuvre, a montré son efficacité pour la réalisation de réactions de métathèse toujours plus efficientes. Enfin, pour des réactions de catalyse toujours plus efficaces, la synthèse de nouveaux complexes de ruthénium à ligand indénylidène chélatant de seconde génération a été entreprise
In the context of depletion of crude oil, the production of bio-fuels and raw materials from renewable resources for the chemical industry is a topic of tremendous research. The transformation of fatty acid derivatives was developed by using olefin metathesis, using ruthenium catalysts. Short nitriles as kerosene additives and monomers for the polymer industry were synthesized. Purification of the renewable feedstock was studied. A simple thermal treatment was found to promote an increased efficiency for cross-metathesis reactions with fatty acid derivatives. Finally, the synthesis of new second generation ruthenium complexes with a chelating indenylidene ligand was investigated for the development of active and robust catalysts for olefin metathesis reactions
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Downs, Emma. "An Investigation of Transition Metal Catalysts for Cyanohydrin Hydration: The Interface of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18348.

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Acrylic monomers are important materials that represent a large portion of the economy. The current industrial synthesis hydrates cyanohydrins with sulfuric acid, a process which results in large amounts of waste and significant energy costs. A transition metal catalyzed, acid free hydration of cyanohydrins would be beneficial from both economic and environmental standpoints. However, this reaction is challenging, as many catalysts are poisoned by the cyanide released when cyanohydrins degrade. Therefore the development of a catalyst that is resistant to cyanide poisoning is the ideal method to circumvent these difficulties. This dissertation describes several cyanohydrin hydration catalysts, with an emphasis on nanoparticle catalysts. These are at the interface between the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts that have been explored previously for this reaction. Chapter I surveys previous studies on nanoparticle catalysts for nitrile hydration and their implications for the hydration of cyanohydrins. Chapter II reports on the homogeneous platinum catalysts [PtHCl(P(NMe2)3)2] and [PtH2(P(NMe2)3)2], exploring secondary coordination sphere effects to enhance nitrile hydration. Chapter III describes another example of this type of complex, [PtH2(P(OMe)3)2], that forms catalytically active nanoparticles under reaction conditions. Explorations of the reactivity of this catalyst with nitriles and cyanohydrins are also described in this chapter. Chapter IV investigates a silver nanoparticle catalyst with a water soluble phosphine (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) ligand for its activity towards the hydration of nitriles and cyanohydrins. The results of the degradation of the nanoparticles in the presence of cyanide are also described. Chapter V reports on the preparation and examination of a solid supported nickel catalyst for cyanohydrin hydration. Finally, Chapter VI describes how these investigations have made progress towards the development of a cyanide resistant nitrile hydration catalyst. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
2015-09-29
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Glennie, Sarah. "Catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles to amines." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54626/.

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The adiponitrile hydrogenation reaction, relevant for the production of aminocapronittile and hexamemyldiamine precursors for Nylon 6 and Nylon 6, 6 respectively, has been investigated. Three different reactor systems were used trickle-bed reactor, fixed-bed gas-phase reactor and the stirred-tank autoclave reactor. This meant comparisons between flow system and batch process could be made. Supported metal catalysts were investigated as alternatives for the currendy industrially used Raney catalyst. Precious metals, specifically rhodium, were compared with the base metals nickel and cobalt on the basis of activity and selectivity. Mixed metal alloy catalysts were also prepared and comparisons drawn. Finally a range of supports were also tested. Both flow systems were found to be of limited use with problems attributed to the practical applications of the reactor systems. Using Autoclave activity data as a standard it was possible to define differences in activity between each of the catalysts prepared.
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Parratt, Julian Simon. "Enzyme catalysed nitrile hydrolysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357898.

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Bond, G. "Fe/MgO catalysts for the hydrogenation of nitriles." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317377.

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Beard, Timothy Mark. "Enzyme catalysed hydrolysis of nitriles and amides." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363237.

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Described in this thesis is the isolation of two microorganisms containing a nitrile hydratase and amidase to effect the enantioselective hydrolysis of a-substituted nitriles to their corresponding amides and acids. Isolate NP3854 was identified as an atypical Rhodococcus sp. The nitrile hydratase proved to be non-selective for all the substrates tested. However, carboxylic acids with excellent enantiomeric excess were obtained from a large number of amides. X R~CN H nitr-il-e--h-y-d-r.a~tase ~X amidas.e RH CONH2 X R~"""CO H H 2 Optically active acids with an enantiomeric excess of, generally, >98 %, were obtained when X = NH2, Me and Cl, but proved to be racemic for OH and Br. R could be a variety of aromatic, cyclic and acyclic alkyl residues without adversely affecting the enantioselectivity. The pH-activity profile was determined for the amidase of NP3854 using propionamide as the substrate. From this data, coupled with inhibition studies, it may ,.tentatively be suggested that the amidase has a histidine residue in the active site, which may act as a general base for a serine amino acid. The pH-activity profile was determined for 2-amino-2-phenylacetamide 2b, and this suggested that the unprotonated form of the amine acted as the substrate. Within a pH range of 3 - 9 the enantiomeric excess remains high (>98 %) and experimentally invariant. The amidase was found to have a temperature optimum of 60°C and could tolerate 20 % THF with a loss of only 15 % activity. Attempts made to hydrolyse 4,5,6-amino nitriles and amides to the corresponding amino acids and isolate any reaction intermediates failed. This was presumed to be due to the large fraction of the unprotonated amine due to the higher pKa (- 9 - 10).
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Lester, Roy P. "Catalytic activation of nitriles towards nucleophilic addition." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28449/.

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The work presented in this thesis is focused on the development of a multifaceted approach to the catalytic activation of nitriles. To develop a versatile method for catalytic nitrile activation two probes were utilised; i) the development of a direct synthesis of allylic amides from the corresponding allylic alcohol and nitrile using a commercial platinum salt, together with a detailed mechanistic investigation into the process, ii) the direct synthesis of 2-bezoxazole from the corresponding 2-aminophenol and nitrile with the aid of a commercial platinum salt as well as the use of alcoholic solvents. In addition to nitrile activation a preliminary study on the application and further functionisation of 2-trichlorobenzoxazoles was undertaken. i) A novel multifaceted approach to the direct synthesis of allylic amides via the catalytic activation of di- and trichloroacetonitrile will be discussed. This one-pot methodology relies on the same platinum catalyst to activate a nitrile towards nucleophilic attack of allylic alcohol as well as activate the newly formed allylic imidate towards a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, which produced a number of allylic amides. In addition to the development of the one-pot allylic amide methodology a number of mechanistic studies including 1H, 13C{1H} and gas chromatography were under taken to better understand the process. ii) The second probe used to identify the versatility of this multifaceted catalyst approach to nitrile activation was the direct synthesis of 2-benzoxazoles. Within this study it was discovered that protic solvents were able to activate di- and trichloroacetonitrile efficiently towards nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen nucleophile. From this discovery a mild and effective synthesis of a variety of di- and trichlorobenzoxazoles was developed in which the solvent was acting as the activating agent towards nucleophilic attack. iii) Preliminary results will also be reported on the novel manipulation of the trichloromethyl moiety of benzoxazoles. Within this study two efficient methodologies for the selective synthesis of 2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)benzo[d]oxazole and benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methanone were developed from a single starting material. These results show a positive direction for the study into diversity oriented synthesis to form a number of different small molecules from a single starting material by altering the conditions of the reaction.
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Books on the topic "Nitriles. Catalysis"

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C, Wood Colin E., ed. Porous silicon carbide and gallium nitride: Epitaxy, catalysis, and biotechnology applications. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

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Alternative Catalytic Materials: Carbides, Nitrides, Phosphides and Amorphous Boron Alloys. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2018.

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Heiser, Jeffrey L. Thiophene hydrodesulfurization studies of monometallic, bimetallic and promoted carbide and nitride catalysts. 2000.

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Feenstra, Randall M., and Colin E. C. Wood. Porous Silicon Carbide and Gallium Nitride: Epitaxy, Catalysis, and Biotechnology Applications. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2008.

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Aegerter, Paul A. Thiophene hydrodesulfurization over alumina-supported molybdenum carbide nitride catalysts: Adsorption sites, catalytic activities and nature of the active surface. 1996.

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Christ, Charles S. Gas-phase reactions of bis(Cyclopentadienyl) methyl zirconium (1+) with unsaturated hydrocarbons and nitriles. 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nitriles. Catalysis"

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Wang, Mei-Xiang. "Enantioselective Biotransformations of Nitriles." In Asymmetric Catalysis from a Chinese Perspective, 105–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19472-6_4.

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Yanenko, Alexander, and Steffen Osswald. "Hydrolysis of Nitriles to Amides." In Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, 531–44. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527639861.ch13.

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Oßwald, Steffen, and Alexander Yanenko. "Hydrolysis of Nitriles to Carboxylic Acids." In Enzyme Catalysis in Organic Synthesis, 545–59. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527639861.ch14.

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Johnson, Luke R., and Aleksandra Vojvodic. "Chemistry and Catalysis of MXenes." In 2D Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes), 445–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19026-2_23.

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Kumar, Davinder, and Craig A. Grapperhaus. "Sulfur-Oxygenation and FunctionalModels of Nitrile Hydratase." In Bioinspired Catalysis, 325–48. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527664160.ch12.

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Hargreaves, J. S. J. "Chapter 5. Metal Nitride Catalysts." In Alternative Catalytic Materials, 84–103. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788013222-00084.

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Garden, A. L., Y. Abghoui, and E. Skúlason. "Chapter 8. Applications of Transition Metal Nitrides as Electrocatalysts." In Alternative Catalytic Materials, 133–63. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788013222-00133.

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Ilchenko, N. I., and Yu I. Pyatnitsky. "Carbides of transition metals as catalysts for oxidation reactions." In The Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides, 311–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1565-7_16.

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Shroff, M. D., D. S. Kalakkad, M. S. Harrington, N. B. Jackson, K. E. Coulter, A. G. Sault, and A. K. Datye. "Carbide formation during activation of iron Fisher-Tropsch catalysts." In The Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides, 511–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1565-7_28.

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Nagai, M., A. Miyata, T. Kusagaya, and S. Omi. "Surface molybdenum species and acid sites on nitrided molybdena-alumina catalysts." In The Chemistry of Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides, 327–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1565-7_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nitriles. Catalysis"

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Olson, James M. "Characterization of the Crystallization and Grain Growth of Amorphous, Silicon Rich, Low Stress Silicon Nitride." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33300.

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Stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si3N4) serves a variety of functions in semiconductor manufacturing. The intrinsic component of the residual stress of a sub-set of this material, so-called low stress nitride (LSN), is a function of the excess Si present in the lattice. In microscopic electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), this material is used as an etch-stop, insulating material and foundation layer for a variety of complicated structures. Under a variety of processing conditions, localized regions of LSN are susceptible to crystallization. In some cases, the crystallization event may form a region of low electrical resistance leading to electrical shorts in MEMs devices and other problems. The crystallization event is explained by a reduction in thermodynamic free energy brought about by the presence of a potential energy barrier lowering catalyst. Catalysts are shown to include but are not limited to inhomogeneities in the distribution of dopant species and seed particles located at the free-surface or interface between the LSN and a capping layer. Following crystallization, the growth front propagates by precipitation of excess Si ahead of the growing crystalline region. As in all grain growth/crystallization events, the event is driven by time and temperature.
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Gabrielsson, Rolf, Robert Lundberg, and Patrick Avran. "Status of the European Gas Turbine Program — AGATA." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-392.

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The European Gas Turbine Program “AGATA” which started in 1993 now has reached its verification phase. The objective of the program is to develop three critical ceramic components aimed at a 60 kW turbogenerator in a hybrid electric vehicle — a catalytic combustor, a radial turbine wheel and a static heat exchanger. The AGATA partners represent car manufacturers as well as companies and research institutes in the turbine, catalyst and ceramic material fields in both France and Sweden. Each of the three ceramic components is validated separately during steady state and transient conditions in separate test rigs at ONERA, France, where the high pressure/temperature conditions can be achieved. A separate test rig for laser measurements downstream of the catalytic combustor is set up at Volvo Aero Turbines, Sweden. The catalytic combustor design which includes preheater, premix duct and catalytic section operates at temperatures up to 1623 K. Due to this high temperature, the catalyst initially has undergone pilot tests including ageing, activity and strength tests. The premix duct flow field also has been evaluated by LDV measurements. The full scale combustion tests are ongoing. The turbine wheel design is completed and the first wheels have been manufactured. FEM calculations have indicated that stress levels are below 300 MPa. The material used is a silicon nitride manufactured by AC Cerama (Grade CSN 101). Cold spin tests with complete wheels have started. Hot spin tests at TTT 1623 K will be performed in a modified turbo charger rig and are expected to start in February 1998. The heat exchanger is of a high efficiency plate recuperator design using Cordierite material. Hot side inlet temperature is 1286 K. Therefore initial tests with test samples have been run to evaluate the thermomechanical properties at high temperatures. Tests are now proceeding with a 1/4 scale recuperator prototype to evaluate performance at steady state conditions. Manufacturing of the full scale heat exchanger is now in progress.
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Rubayat-E Tanjil, Md, Stanley Agbakansi, Keegan Phayden Suero, Ossie Douglas, Yunjo Jeong, Zhewen Yin, Wyatt Panaccione, and Michael Cai Wang. "Top-Down Processing Towards Ångström-Thin Two-Dimensional (2D) Elemental Metals." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8495.

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Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently garnered significant interest due to their novel and emergent properties. A plethora of 2D materials have been discovered and intensively studied, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, transitionmetal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and other metallic compound MXenes (nitrides, phosphides, and hydroxides), as well as elemental 2D materials (borophene, germanene, phosphorene, silicene, etc.). Considering the widespread interest in conventional van der Waals 2D materials, two-dimensional metallic nanosheets (2DMNS), a recent addition to the 2D materials family, have exhibited diverse potential spanning optics, electronics, magnetics, catalysis, etc. However, the close-packed, non-layered structure and non-directional, isotropic bonding of metallic materials make it difficult to access metals in their 2D forms, unlike 2D van der Waals materials, which have intrinsically layered structure (strong in-plane bonding in addition to the weak interlayer interaction). Until now, conventional top-down and bottom-up synthesis schemes of these 2DMNS have encountered various limitations such as precursor availability, substrate incompatibility, difficulty of control over thickness and stoichiometry, limited thermal budget, etc. To overcome these manufacturing limitations of 2DMNS, here we report a facile, rapid, large-scale, and cost-effective fabrication technique of nanometer-scale copper (Cu) 2DMNS via iterative rolling, folding, and calendering (RFC) that is readily generalizable to other conventional elemental metallic materials. Overall, we successfully show a scalable fabrication technique of 2DMNS.
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Wang, Haixu, Rong Sun, Guang Yang, Ching-Ping Wong, and Ning Wang. "Effect of Catalysts on Hydrothermal Preparation of boron nitride nanostructures." In 2018 19th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology (ICEPT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2018.8480723.

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Xie, Z. L., Rong Zhang, Z. X. Bi, B. Liu, X. Q. Xiu, S. L. Gu, B. Shen, Y. Shi, and Y. D. Zheng. "Catalyst synthesis and growth of indium nitride nanodots." In 2004 13th International Conference on Semiconducting and Insulating Materials. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sim.2005.1511406.

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Teker, Kasif, Jesse Otto, and Andrew Siemann. "Photoconductivity of catalyst-free grown aluminum nitride nanowires." In SPIE Microtechnologies, edited by Rainer Adelung. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2016767.

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Wu, Hue-Min, and Jaw-Yeu Liang. "Catalytic growth and characterization of single-crystalline aluminum nitride nanowires." In 2010 IEEE 3rd International Nanoelectronics Conference (INEC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inec.2010.5424859.

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Liu, Qi, Xiaohui Wang, Yan Li, Fangong Kong, and Shoujuan Wang. "Visible Light Catalytic Degradation Of Dye Wastewater Using Carbon Nitride." In 2016 International Conference on Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aeecs-16.2016.44.

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Kente, Thobeka, Neil Coville, and Sabelo Mhlanga. "Synthesis and characterization of gallium nitride nanorods (GaN-NRs) for sensor and catalysis applications." In International Conference on Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology (ICONSET 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconset.2011.6167972.

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Chen, Chin-Hsiang. "Nitride-based p-i-n photodetectors with Ni catalyst processing." In SPIE OPTO: Integrated Optoelectronic Devices, edited by Hadis Morkoç, Cole W. Litton, Jen-Inn Chyi, Yasushi Nanishi, Joachim Piprek, and Euijoon Yoon. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.808536.

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Reports on the topic "Nitriles. Catalysis"

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S. Ted Oyama and David F. Cox. New catalysts for coal processing: Metal carbides and nitrides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/754428.

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Oyama, S. T., and D. F. Cox. New catalysts for coal processing: Metal carbides and nitrides. First quarterly report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/245609.

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Oyama, S. T. New catalysts for coal processing: Metal carbides and nitrides. Final report, September 11, 1991--September 10, 1994. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/35378.

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Oyama, S. T., and D. F. Cox. New catalysts for coal processing: metal carbides and nitrides. Semiannual report, November 1, 1995 - July 17, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/479068.

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Oyama, S. T., and D. F. Cox. New catalysts for coal processing: Metal carbides and nitrides. Third semiannual report, July 17, 1996--January 17, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/479183.

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Gardin, Denis Emmanuel. Hydrogenation of nitriles on a well-characterized nickel surface: From surface science studies to liquid phase catalytic activity measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179358.

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Shukla, Manoj K., Luidmyla K. Sviatenko, Sergly I. Okovytyy, Danuta Leszczynska, and Jerzy Leszczynski. Catalytic Role of Solvated Electron in the Spontaneous Degradation of Insensitive Munition Compounds : Computational Chemistry Investigation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41122.

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The DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole), NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), and NQ (nitroguanidine) are important insensitive energetic materials used in military applications. They may find their way to the environment during manufacturing, transportation, storage, training, and disposal. A detailed investigation of possible mechanisms for self-degradation of radical-anions formed by addition of solvated electron to DNAN, NTO, and NQ species was performed by computational study using the PCM(Pauling)/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) approach. Obtained results suggest that only NQ radical-anion is able for self-degradation by elimination of nitrite anion. Formation of urea radical on the earlier stage of the NQ radical-anion degradation was also predicted.
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