Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrate use efficiency'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nitrate use efficiency"
Wang, Ya-Yun, Yu-Hsuan Cheng, Kuo-En Chen, and Yi-Fang Tsay. "Nitrate Transport, Signaling, and Use Efficiency." Annual Review of Plant Biology 69, no. 1 (April 29, 2018): 85–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040056.
Full textJoão, Jair Juarez, José Luiz Vieira, Marcos Henrique Luciano Silveira, Cristiane Silvano Wensing, Paulo Cesar de Jesus, and Endler Marcel Borges. "Valorization of Agro-Industrial By-products: Use of Rice Husk as a Source of Microorganisms to Denitrification of Water." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i4.17624.
Full textDorosh, L. S., T. B. Peretyatko, and S. P. Gudz. "The patterns of utilization of sulfate and nitrate ions by bacteria Desulfomicrobium sp. CrR3 and Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Ya-11." Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine 6, no. 2 (June 23, 2015): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021528.
Full textSoulaiman Bassam Mershed, Bassam Alaji, Soulaiman Bassam Mershed, Bassam Alaji. "Nitrate Removal from Water Using Electrocoagulation with Activated Carbon: إزالة النترات من المياه بالتخثير الكهربائي مع الكربون المنشط." Journal of engineering sciences and information technology 6, no. 2 (March 28, 2022): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.c130821.
Full textMARISCAL, V., J. REXACH, E. FERNANDEZ, and A. GALVAN. "The plastidic nitrite transporter NAR1;1 improves nitrate use efficiency for growth in Chlamydomonas." Plant, Cell and Environment 27, no. 10 (October 2004): 1321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01239.x.
Full textJiang, Zhongchun, W. Michael Sullivan, and Richard J. Hull. "Nitrate Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars." HortScience 35, no. 7 (December 2000): 1350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1350.
Full textLea-Cox, J. "Salinity Reduces Water Use and Nitrate-N-use Efficiency of Citrus." Annals of Botany 72, no. 1 (July 1993): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbo.1993.1079.
Full textXiao, Ji Bo, Hui Xia Jiang, and Shu Yi Chu. "Isolation and Characterization of Denitrifying Bacterium Pseudomonas mendocina aHD7 with Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.699.
Full textZebarth, B. J., G. Tai, R. Tarn, H. de Jong, and P. H. Milburn. "Nitrogen use efficiency characteristics of commercial potato cultivars." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-050.
Full textColla, Giuseppe, Carolina María Cardona Suárez, Mariateresa Cardarelli, and Youssef Rouphael. "Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Melon by Grafting." HortScience 45, no. 4 (April 2010): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.4.559.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitrate use efficiency"
Zhang, Chenxi. "Nitrate Uptake of Kentucky Bluegrass as a Determinant of Nitrogen Use Efficiency." Thesis, North Carolina State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3538535.
Full textNitrate (NO3-) leaching from fertilized land can be detrimental to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Although NO 3- leaching potential is generally found to be low in turfgrass, certain conditions can occur that result in increased leaching loss of nitrogen. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is the most widely used cool-season turfgrass species in the temperate and subarctic climate zones in the United States. Due to its popularity, many new cultivars are bred and released each year. Despite the ample amount of information characterizing the agronomic features of Kentucky bluegrass genotypes, little is available documenting their physiological characteristics related to nitrogen use efficiency and how these might affect the NO3 - leaching potential of the genotypes. Such information would be of great value for both scientists and customers.
In this comprehensive study, a screening procedure was developed using nutrient solution culture to evaluate differences in NO3 - uptake among sixty Kentucky bluegrass genotypes. Two cultivars were selected from the sixty to represent genotypes having high vs. low capacity for NO3- uptake. These two cultivars were then used to examine the relationship between NO3- uptake efficiency and competitiveness for soil nitrogen. Finally, these two cultivars were compared to determine if NO3- uptake efficiency affected NO3- leaching potential.
There were significant differences in NO3- uptake at both high (1 mM) and low (0.05 mM) N concentrations among sixty Kentucky bluegrass genotypes, with a strong correlation between uptake rates at high and low N concentrations. Julia and Midnight were selected as representing cultivars with efficient and inefficient nitrate uptake, respectively. In nutrient solution culture, Julia exhibited 56% higher NO3 - uptake rates than Midnight. In a root competition study, in which the root systems of the two cultivars occupied the same soil volume, Julia was more competitive for nitrogen acquisition (absorbed 20 to 71% more NO 3- ) than Midnight. However, the higher NO3 - uptake capacity and better competitiveness for soil N in Julia did not result in lower NO3- leaching potential. These results suggest that differences in root morphology and architecture may play a more important role than uptake capacity in determining nitrate leaching potential among Kentucky bluegrass genotypes.
Souza, Elialdo Alves de. "Aplicação de fertilizante amoniacal como estratégia para melhorar a eficiência de uso do fósforo em milho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151044.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A aplicação de amônio pode, em algumas condições, melhorar a eficiência de uso do fósforo (EUP) e o desenvolvimento do milho, especialmente em solos tropicais, normalmente ácidos e pobres em P disponível. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o efeito da adubação amoniacal sobre o aproveitamento do P, as condições bioquímicas da rizosfera, a morfologia radicular e o desenvolvimento da cultura do milho. Os dois experimentos iniciais foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, o primeiro em vasos de 12 L e o segundo em Plant Growth Containers (PGCs), com solo previamente corrigido e adubado segundo os tratamentos: 3 (três formas de adubação nitrogenada - amoniacal, nítrica e mista) x cinco doses de fosfato (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 mg P kg-1 de solo). Aos 35 dias após a emergência as raízes foram removidas dos containers e vasos e as amostras de planta e solo foram coletadas para análises. O solo rizosférico no experimento I foi obtido por “agitação-lavagem” e no experimento II por “fatiamento em camadas”, de forma que quatro das oito repetições foram congeladas frescas (análises: amônio, nitrato, C orgânico e P microbiano) e quatro foram transformadas em TFSE (análises: fracionamento químico do P e pH). As amostras de planta foram submetidas a pesagem e análise nutricional. O experimento III foi conduzido em um sistema de scanners em solução nutritiva de acordo com os tratamentos: 2 (amônio ou nitrato) x (alta dose ou baixa dose de P), com 10 repetições. Imagens foram obtidas diariamente para avaliação do desenvolvimento radicular. Ao final dos ensaios foram obtidos peso fresco e seco, análises de P em tecidos e, com dados de diferentes parâmetros radiculares, foi feito o desenho da planta média no RootBox. Os tratamentos com amônio e nitrato + amônio, na dose mais alta de P no experimento I ou em todas as doses no experimento II, resultaram em maior produção de matéria seca, menor relação raiz: parte aérea, desenvolvimento de raiz mais aequado à absorção de P, maior recuperação de P, maior acúmulo de amônio, nitrato e N-mineral nas camadas mais próximas ao rizoplano, menor pH, maior mobilização de formas menos lábeis de P, maior consumo de P geoquímico e P biológico. Houve diferença entre solo rizosférico e solo não rizosférico e entre as diferentes camadas da rizosfera, para todos os parâmetros, entre as formas de nitrogênio. O amônio e nitrato + amônio resultaram em maior produção de C orgânico solúvel em água e maior dose de superfosfato triplo resultou em maior quantidade de P na fração microbiana. O amônio resultou desenvolvimento radicular mais ramificado e com maior número de raízes laterais. O amônio melhora a eficiência de uso do P, devido às mudanças químicas e biológicas na rizosfera, e às mudanças na arquitetura radicular, que favorecem a solubilidade, a mineralização e a absorção de fosfato e, consequentemente, aumenta a produção de matéria seca nos estádios iniciais da cultura do milho.
Ammonium application can improve phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) and the development of maize plants, especially in tropical soils, usually acids and P-limiting. The aim of this study is evaluate how ammoniacal fertilization impacts the P use efficiency (PUE), the biochemical conditions of the rhizosphere, the root morphology and the development of maize plants. Two initial experiments were carried on greenhouse, the first one in pots of 20 L and the second one in Plant Growth Containers (PGCs), using soil after liming and fertilized according to the following treatments: 3 (nitrogen fertilization: ammonium only, nitrate only and both) x five doses of phosphate (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 mg P kg-1 of soil). At 35 days after emergence the roots were removed from the containers and pots and the plant and soil samples were collected for analysis. The rhizosphere soil in experiment I was obtained by "shaking-washing" and in the experiment II by "layer slicing". Four of the eight soil replicates were fresh frozen (analyzes: ammonium, nitrate, organic C and microbial P) and four of them were dried (analyzes: chemical fractionation of P and pH). Plant samples were weighed and analyzed for P content. The experiment III was carried on a system of nutrient solution scanners according to the treatments: 2 (ammonium or nitrate) x (high or low dose of P), with 10 replicates. Images were obtained in daily basis for the evaluation of root development. At the end of the tests, fresh and dry weights and P content were obtained. Data of different root traits were used to draw the average plant on the RootBox. The treatments with ammonium and nitrate + ammonium, plus the highest dose of P in the experiment I or at all doses in the experiment II, resulted in higher dry matter yield, lower root ratio: aerial part, root development adequate for P absorption, higher P recovering, higher ammonium, nitrate and N-mineral accumulation in the nearest layersto the rhizoplane, lower pH, greater mobilization of less labile P forms, higher mobilization of geochemical and biological P. There were differences between rhizospheric and bulk soils and between the different layers of the rhizosphere, for all parameters and treatments. Ammonium and nitrate + ammonium resulted in higher organic C water soluble organic C, and higher dose of triple superphosphate resulted in higher amount of P in the microbial fraction. Ammonium resulted in a branched root with a greater number of lateral roots. Ammonium improves the use efficiency, solubility, mineralization and uptake of P, due to chemical and biological changes in the rhizosphere and root architecture in the early stages of corn development.
FAPESP: 13/18870-1
FAPESP: 15/12399-0
Borges, Bernardo Melo Montes Nogueira [UNESP]. "Efficiency of nitrogen sources and rates on growth and dry matter yield of tifton 85." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138169.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Forrageiras do gênero Cynodon são conhecidas por sua capacidade de resposta a altas doses de nitrogênio (N). Em condições tropicais o N pode se tornar um problema ambiental e financeiro devido à sua baixa eficiência de uso pelas plantas, principalmente como resultado de perdas por volatilização e/ou lixiviação. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar fontes e doses de N no crescimento e produção de matéria seca do Tifton 85, bem como mudanças nas frações do carbono (C) no solo. Um experimento foi conduzido de 2012 a 2014, e constituiu de um fatorial em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, onde os tratamentos foram a associação de duas fontes de N (nitrato de amônio [NA] e ureia), e cinco doses do nutriente (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1 N por corte) aplicadas a cada 30 dias. Neste experimento foram utilizados NA e ureia enriquecidos com 15N como uma ferramenta para quantificar a recuperação do N advindo do fertilizante, nas plantas e no sistema solo-planta. As plantas foram cortadas para avaliar a produção de matéria seca, concentração de N na parte aérea e recuperação. O índice de área foliar (LAI), radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada (PARi) e índice de clorofila (CI) foram mensurados no dia anterior ao corte. As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas parcelas que receberam NA e foram fracionadas em carbono orgânico particulado (POC), fração leve livre (FLF) e fração mineral (C-min); O teor de C nas frações foi quantificado. Os resultados demonstraram que o NA pode ser uma fonte mais eficiente somente quando a quantidade de precipitação é insuficiente para incorporar o fertilizante ao solo, resultando em maior produção de forragem, na somatória dos dois anos ambas as fontes produziram a mesma quantidade de matéria seca onde a maior produtividade 37,2 Mg ha-1, foi atingida com a dose de 210 kg ha-1 N por corte. Por outro lado, a quantidade de N recuperado pelo sistema de planta+solo foi maior quando a ureia foi utilizada, com destaque para a quantidade de N no solo, onde a ureia foi capaz de manter 10% mais N que o NA, a recuperação do nutriente diminuiu à medida que as doses foram elevadas. Nenhuma alteração no conteúdo de C foi notada devido às diferentes doses de N utilizadas, no entanto o POC e o C-min foram mais sensíveis às mudanças na camada de 0-0,1 m do que na camada de 0,1-0,2 m.
Cynodon hybrids are known by their ability to respond to high rates of nitrogen (N). In tropical conditions, N may become an environmental and financial issue due to its low efficiency of use by plants, mainly as a result of losses by volatilization and/or leaching. Therefore, the aims with this work were to evaluate N sources and rates on growth and dry matter yield of Tifton 85 and to determine changes in soil carbon (C) fractions in response to N fertilization. The 2-yr field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014, and consisted of a factorial design. Treatments were a combination of two sources of N (ammonium nitrate [AN] and urea) and five rates of the nutrient (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 N per cut) applied broadcast every 30 days. This study used AN and urea enriched with 15N as a tool to quantify the recovery of N derived from fertilizer in plants and the soil-plant system. Forage was cut at 30-d intervals for dry matter yield, shoot N concentration determinations and N recovery. The leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic active radiation intercepted (PARi) and chlorophyll index (CI) were evaluated on the day before clipping. Soil samples were collected in plots receiving AN and they were fractionated in to particulate organic carbon (POC), free light fraction (FLF) and mineral fraction (C-min); The C concentration of the various fractions was determined. Results showed that AN was a more efficient source only when the amount of precipitation is insufficient to incorporate the fertilizer to the soil, resulting in increased production, in the sum of the two years both sources produced the same amount of dry matter in which the highest productivity, 37.2 t ha-1 , was achieved at the rate of 210 kg ha-1 N per cutting. On the other hand, the amount of N recovered by the plant+soil system was higher when urea was used, especially the amount of N in the soil, where urea was able to maintain 10% more N than AN, the nutrient recovery decreased as the rates were increased. No change in soil C concentration was detected in response to the different N rates used, however the POC and the C-min were more sensitive to changes in the layer of 0-0.1 m than the layer from 0.1-0.2 m.
Paulo, Ezio Nalin de. "Avaliação do inibidor de nitrificação fosfato de 3,4-dimetilpirazol (DMPP) em três solos com gradiente textural, absorção e uso de nitrogênio em plantas de algodão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-17012013-140846/.
Full textThe use of nitrification inhibitors may be an interesting alternative to increase nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in different crops, although it has been little studied in soil and climate conditions of Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in three soils with textural gradient (represented by clay percentage), as well as to evaluate the fate of soil nitrogen (N-NO3-, N-NH4+ and 15N), nitrogen uptake, and N-use efficiency (total-N and 15N) by cotton plants. Three experiments were set and carried out in a controlled environment. In the first one, a laboratory incubation was performed to evaluate the inhibition of nitrification by DMPP applied to urea and ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN) in three soils (Typic Quartzipsammnet - NQ, Typic Hapludox - LVA, Rhodic Hapludox - LV). In the second experiment, leaching columns with the same soils were planted with cotton receiving ammonium sulfate nitrate and urea with or without DMPP as nitrogen source. It were evaluated plant dry matter yield (shoot plus roots), nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency by cotton plants, as well as the nitrogen leaching, and mineral nitrogen amount in the soil after cotton growth, for 60 days. In the third experiment, leaching columns with a medium textured soil (LVA) were planted with cotton and received three nitrogen rates in topdressing (50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1) as 15N-urea with and without DMPP. The production of dry matter, nitrogen content and recovery of applied N in the plant and soil, as well as the nitrogen leaching, total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium in the soil were evaluated after cotton growth for 90 days. Best results were obtained with the application of DMPP to urea than in ASN. In the incubation experiment, the DMPP was able to maintain lower nitrate content in the three soils. The nitrification of nitrogen from urea was faster than the one from ASN, which allowed a better performance of the inhibitor in the urea in two out of three soils analyzed. The effect of DMPP increased in the following order: NQ> LVA> LV. The inhibitor was more effective in soils with lower clay and organic matter contents. The use of DMPP in urea applied on the sandy soil (NQ) significantly reduced N leaching and increased dry matter production, nitrogen use efficiency and phosphorus uptake by cotton plants. In a medium textured soil (LVA) under intense irrigation, DMPP significantly reduced N losses in the system and increased the recovery of applied 15N in plant and soil, which however did not translate into higher dry matter production because nitrogen was probably not limiting. The activity of the enzymes nitrate reductase and urease were not different between treatments with and without DMPP
Boschiero, Beatriz Nastaro. "Adubação nitrogenada em soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar: influência do uso em longo prazo de fontes e/ou doses de nitrogênio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-23012017-103942/.
Full textThe use of different fertilizers and rates of nitrogen (N) can increase the N use efficiency (NUE) in sugarcane ratoon (Saccharum spp.), sustaining high yield levels, profitability and environmental protection in long-term. Thus, field and greenhouse studies were performed with the following objectives: (i) evaluate the effect of fertilizer-N management and ratoon crop cycles on sugarcane yield, technological parameters, biomass accumulation, nutrient content, temporal variation in soil chemical properties and soil nutrient balance; (ii) evaluate the biomass production, metabolism and nutrient acquisition of sugarcane plants cropped in nutrient solution, with solely or combined supply of ammonium and nitrate as N sources; (iii) evaluate the NUE of 15N-ammonium (15NH4NO3), 15N-nitrate (NH415NO3), and 15N-amide [(15NH2)2CO] applied to sugarcane under field conditions and the NUE of 15N-ammonium and 15N-nitrate applied to seedlings sugarcane under nutrient solutions. In the field, N fertilizers were replicated in the same experimental plots (static plots) in subsequent years (four or five ratoons) and the management of N-fertilizer, which included fertilizers and N rates, resulted in lack of influence on cane and sucrose yield at Site 1 (Typic Hapludox). However, at Site 2 (also Typic Hapludox), the N treatments AN100 and CAN100 [ammonium nitrate (AN) and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), both at a rate of 100 kg N ha-1] provided the highest cane and sugar yield as compared to the remaining treatments. Overall, at both sites, CAN150 (150 kg N ha-1) resulted in the highest biomass accumulation and N and K content by sugarcane. In addition, while the control (no N added) had the lowest biomass accumulation and nutrient content (except for P), the soil nutrient balance in this treatment was relatively neutral, after years of sugarcane cultivation. Under controlled conditions, NH4+-fed plants presented lower biomass accumulation, nutrient content and leaf area than the other treatments (different NO3-/NH4+ ratios and NO3--fed plants), indicating that this N form, when applied solely, was not effective for the proper plant growth. The highest NUE was obtained with NO3--fed plants, which also had the highest production of dry biomass, leaf area, nutrient accumulation, photosynthetic activity, and growth of the root system. The use of 15N-nitrate and 15N-ammonium indicated that there was no difference in NUE by plants in the field. In contrast, the NUE of 15N-ammonium was greater than 15N-nitrate during the 1st, 4th and 7th day after fertilizer application (DAFA), under controlled conditions. However, the use of 15N-nitrate had greater NUE in roots and whole plant than 15N-ammonium in the 15th DAFA. It can be concluded that sugarcane can use both N forms although the recovery of NH4+ was faster than NO3-.
Fernandes, Flavia Carvalho Silva. "Dinâmica do nitrogênio na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.), em cultivo sucessivo com aveia preta (Avena strigosa), sob implantação do sistema plantio direto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-05042006-144028/.
Full textThe general objective of this work was to study the dynamics of nitrogen in the soil-plant system of two maize crops with a black oats one in between, introducing the no-tillage system. Besides, fertilizing the first maize crop with 15N enriched nitrogen fertilizer, it was also objective of this work to assess the total and the derived from fertilizer nitrate leached at the depth of 0.8 m, the nitrogen use efficiency by the crops and the residual effect of the labeled nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment was carried in the experimental areas of ESALQ-USP in the country of Piracicaba (SP), in a yellow red latossol, sandy-loamy texture. The first maize crop was in 2003/2004 and the second one in 2004/2005. The experimental design was randomized blocks (3 x 2), with four replications. Treatments consisted of nitrogen (as ammonium sulphate) levels (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of nitrogen) and the control, besides the splittings (30 and 60 kg ha-1 of nitrogen in the sowing and the rest in covering). The fertilization with 15N enriched ammonium sulphate in the first maize crop was made only for the level of 120 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, in subplots previously defined. The following measurements were carried out: soil-water and nitrate flux densities at the depth of 0.8 m (120 kg ha-1 of N); weight of 100 grains; weight of plant dry matter; nitrogen content; grain yield; total nitrogen; plant nitrogen use efficiency; fraction of the applied nitrogen in the soil solution at the depth of 0.8 m and in the soil profile; nitrogen balance in the crops succession; nitrogen residual effect in the black oat and the second maize crop. From the results, it could be concluded that: a) the leaching losses of total N, at the depth of 0,80 m, in the first maize crop, at the fertilization level of 120 kg ha-1 of N, were of 96 and 68 kg ha-1 for the splittings 60 and 30 kg ha-1 of N at sowing, respectively, from which only 3 and 1 kg ha-1 were derived from the nitrogen fertilizer; b) at the N fertilization level of 120 kg ha-1, the treatment with higher amount of applied N at sowing (60 kg ha-1) of the first maize crop (2003/2004) led to a higher plant N fertilizer recovery (65%) than the 30 kg ha-1of applied N at the sowing treatment (45%) and that, at the end of this crop cycle, the N fertilizer recovery by the 0-0,80 m soil layer, for 60-60 and 30-90 kg ha-1 treatments, were 40 and 49%, respectively; c) still for treatments 60-60 and 30-90 kg ha-1, from the total N applied in the first maize crop (120 kg ha-1), 3.72 and 1.79% were used by the black oats and 2.84 and 2.06% by the second maize crop, remaining in the soil (0-0.8 m layer), 30.19 and 33.47% after the black oats crop and 16.79 and 17.91% after the second maize crop, respectively for 60-60 and 30-90 kg ha-1 of N treatments.
Ferchaud, Fabien. "Etude des bilans d’eau, d’azote et de carbone dans des agrosystèmes dédiés à la production de biomasse en fonction des espèces et des pratiques culturales." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0037.
Full textSecond generation biofuels could provide renewable energy to the transportation sector while mitigating climate change. However, their greenhouse gas, energy and environmental balances will probably depend on the feedstock used for their production. Bioenergy crops that could be used for second generation biofuels will have to fulfil several requirements, including high productivity, low input requirements, and low environmental impacts. The objective of this work was to assess the water, N and C balances at the plot scale for various bioenergy crops with different management. The study is based on a long term field experiment, called “Biomass & Environment”, established at the INRA experimental station in Estrées-Mons, northern France. This experiment includes two perennial C4 crops (Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass), two semi-perennial forage C3 crops (fescue and alfalfa) and two annual C4/C3 crops (fibre sorghum and triticale). It compares two nitrogen treatments and two dates of harvest of perennial crops: early (October) or late harvest (February). Measurements have been carried out on: i) biomass production; ii) soil water stocks, monitored continuously during 7 years; iii) root depth and density; iv) drainage and nitrate concentration in drained water, assessed from soil water and mineral N content measurements (in mid-autumn and late winter) and using the STICS model; v) soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in 2006 and 2011-2012; vi) the fate of 15N-labelled fertiliser applied during 4 or 5 successive years.Thanks to their deep rooting system, perennial and semi-perennial crops consumed more water than annual crops. The amount of drained water was lower under semi-perennial than annual crops (64 vs. 133 mm yr-1 average over 7 years), despite an equivalent biomass production. It was intermediate under perennial crops (56-137 mm yr-1) and negatively correlated to biomass production, itself depending on crop species and N rate. Nitrate concentration in drained water varied between 2 and 23 mg l-1. It was generally lower under perennial than other crops, except for miscanthus on the first year of measurement. SOC stocks increased markedly over time under semi-perennial crops (+0.93 t C ha-1 yr-1), whereas no significant change occurred under perennial and annual crops. The 15N recovery in the harvested biomass was lower for perennial than other crops, particularly when harvested late, but compensated by a higher 15N recovery in belowground organs and soil. The overall 15N recovery in the soil-plant system was 69% in perennials, 61% in semi-perennials and 56% in annual crops, suggesting that important fertiliser losses occurred through volatilisation and denitrification. In our pedo-climatic conditions, the C4 perennial crops performed best in terms of production, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen losses towards the groundwater and the atmosphere. However, only semi-perennial crops yielded in SOC sequestration
Borges, Bernardo Melo Montes Nogueira. "Efficiency of nitrogen sources and rates on growth and dry matter yield of tifton 85 /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138169.
Full textCoorientador: Takashi Muraoka
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Banca: José Eduardo Corá
Banca: Carolina Fernandes
Resumo: Forrageiras do gênero Cynodon são conhecidas por sua capacidade de resposta a altas doses de nitrogênio (N). Em condições tropicais o N pode se tornar um problema ambiental e financeiro devido à sua baixa eficiência de uso pelas plantas, principalmente como resultado de perdas por volatilização e/ou lixiviação. Portanto, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar fontes e doses de N no crescimento e produção de matéria seca do Tifton 85, bem como mudanças nas frações do carbono (C) no solo. Um experimento foi conduzido de 2012 a 2014, e constituiu de um fatorial em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, onde os tratamentos foram a associação de duas fontes de N (nitrato de amônio [NA] e ureia), e cinco doses do nutriente (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1 N por corte) aplicadas a cada 30 dias. Neste experimento foram utilizados NA e ureia enriquecidos com 15N como uma ferramenta para quantificar a recuperação do N advindo do fertilizante, nas plantas e no sistema solo-planta. As plantas foram cortadas para avaliar a produção de matéria seca, concentração de N na parte aérea e recuperação. O índice de área foliar (LAI), radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada (PARi) e índice de clorofila (CI) foram mensurados no dia anterior ao corte. As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas parcelas que receberam NA e foram fracionadas em carbono orgânico particulado (POC), fração leve livre (FLF) e fração mineral (C-min); O teor de C nas frações foi quantificado. Os resultados demonstraram que o... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Cynodon hybrids are known by their ability to respond to high rates of nitrogen (N). In tropical conditions, N may become an environmental and financial issue due to its low efficiency of use by plants, mainly as a result of losses by volatilization and/or leaching. Therefore, the aims with this work were to evaluate N sources and rates on growth and dry matter yield of Tifton 85 and to determine changes in soil carbon (C) fractions in response to N fertilization. The 2-yr field experiment was conducted from 2012 to 2014, and consisted of a factorial design. Treatments were a combination of two sources of N (ammonium nitrate [AN] and urea) and five rates of the nutrient (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1 N per cut) applied broadcast every 30 days. This study used AN and urea enriched with 15N as a tool to quantify the recovery of N derived from fertilizer in plants and the soil-plant system. Forage was cut at 30-d intervals for dry matter yield, shoot N concentration determinations and N recovery. The leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic active radiation intercepted (PARi) and chlorophyll index (CI) were evaluated on the day before clipping. Soil samples were collected in plots receiving AN and they were fractionated in to particulate organic carbon (POC), free light fraction (FLF) and mineral fraction (C-min); The C concentration of the various fractions was determined. Results showed that AN was a more efficient source only when the amount of precipitation is insufficient to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Bucher, Carlos Alberto. "Express?o de genes relacionados ? absor??o e metabolismo de nitrog?nio em arroz sob alto e baixo suprimento de nitrato." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1163.
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Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ - FAPERJ
Nitrogen is one of the nutrient elements most limiting for plant growth. Thus, increasing plant nitrogen usage efficiency (NUE) is an essential factor for sustainable agriculture, leading to an increased food production with less fertilizer input and less environment impact. NUE in plant involves the uptake and accumulation efficiency, and N use efficiency for grain production. Understanding the mechanisms regulating these processes is crucial for the improvement of NUE in crops. Therefore, is essential to comprehend plants response to different N regimes, mainly N limitation. The usage of plants or varieties with differences in nutrient use efficiency is another important factor to determine the main mechanisms involved in these processes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate N metabolism and expression of genes involved in N uptake and assimilitation of two rice varieties (Piau? and IAC-47), under different N supply conditions. The N metabolism was evaluated by quantification of nitrogen fractions in plant tissue and enzymatic activity, expression of genes that code for high and low affinity N transporters, and N assimilation enzymes. Two experiments were conducted: the first, to investigate the plants behavior when grown under high and low N supply; and the second to verify plants response to NO3 - resupply. The IAC-47 variety showed greatest mass accumulation in all treatments. When plants were grown for a long period under low N supply it was observed a higher nitrate (NO3 -) content in the tissue of Piau? variety, which is adapted to low fertility conditions, as well as a high activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in the roots of these plants. When under high NO3 - supply for a long period, Piau? variety had higher NO3 - concentrations in roots and sheaths, but no differences were observed in enzymes activity. The nitrate transporters expression was higher in roots of Piau? plants under low supply of NO3 - when compared to Piau? plants under high N supply. Nitrate transporters expression in roots of IAC-47 plants showed a pattern opposite to the one observed for Piau? plants. When plants were resupplied with NO3 -, after a 72 hours period without N, there was a rapid increase, after 6 hours of resupply, in the expression of high affinity nitrate transporters genes (OsNRT2.1) and the plastidial glutamine synthetase (GS2) in the Piau? variety roots, and a higher expression of these in IAC-47 roots after a 24 hours of N resupply. The efficiency of Piau? variety is related to the differentiated control of N absorption and assimilation mechanisms, which allow bigger expression of high affinity nitrate transporters in tissue with high levels of soluble N, high N status, indicating that the control of nitrogen uptake system may be essential for the nitrogen usage efficient.
O nitrog?nio ? um dos elementos minerais que mais limita o desenvolvimento das plantas. Assim, aumentar a efici?ncia de uso de nitrog?nio (EUN) ? um fator ? essencial para uma agricultura sustent?vel, levando a um aumento da produ??o de alimentos com menor uso de insumos e menos impactos ao ambiente. A EUN envolve a efici?ncia de absor??o e ac?mulo e a efici?ncia de utiliza??o de N para produ??o. Compreender os mecanismos envolvidos nesses processos e como eles s?o controlados ? fundamental para a melhoria da EUN nas plantas cultivadas. Para isso, ? essencial entender a resposta e comportamento das plantas a diferentes regimes de N, principalmente ? limita??o de N. O uso de plantas ou variedades com diferen?as na EUN ? outro fator importante para verificar os principais mecanismos envolvidos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o metabolismo e a express?o de genes envolvidos na absor??o e assimila??o de nitrog?nio nas variedades de arroz Piau? e IAC-47 sob diferentes condi??es de disponibilidade desse nutriente. O metabolismo de N foi avaliado atrav?s da quantifica??o das fra??es nitrogenadas no tecido e atividade enzim?tica, a express?o de genes que codificam para transportadores de N de alta e baixa afinidade e enzimas de assimila??o de N. Foram realizados dois experimentos: o primeiro para verificar o comportamento das plantas quando cultivadas sob alto e baixo suprimento de N; e o segundo, para verificar as repostas ao ressuprimento de N. O ac?mulo de massa foi maior na variedade IAC-47 em todos os tratamentos. Quando as plantas foram cultivadas por um longo per?odo sob baixo suprimento de N foi observado maior teor de nitrato (NO3 -) no tecido da variedade Piau?, adaptada a condi??es de baixa fertilidade, assim como uma alta atividade da nitrato redutase e glutamina sintetase nas ra?zes dessas plantas. Sob alto suprimento de NO3 -, por um longo per?odo, a variedade Piau? apresentou maiores teores de NO3 - nas bainhas e ra?zes, mas n?o foram observas diferen?as na atividade de enzimas. A express?o dos transportadores de nitrato na variedade Piau? foi mais elevada nas ra?zes das plantas sob baixo suprimento de NO3 - quando comparado as plantas sob alto suprimento de N. Na variedade IAC-47 a express?o dos transportadores de NO3 - teve comportamento oposto ao observado para a Piau?. Quando as plantas receberam NO3 -, ap?s um per?odo de 72 horas sem N, houve um r?pido aumento, ap?s 6 horas do ressuprimento, na express?o do gene que codifica para o transportador de NO3 - de alta afinidade OsNRT2.1 e glutamina sintetase plastidial (GS2) nas ra?zes da variedade Piau?, e 24 horas ap?s o ressuprimento a express?o foi maior na variedade IAC-47. A efici?ncia da variedade Piau? esta relacionada ao controle diferenciado dos mecanismos de absor??o e assimila??o de N, que permite a maior express?o dos transportadores de nitrato de alta afinidade em tecido com altos teores de N sol?vel, alto status de N, indicando que o controle do sistema de absor??o de N pode ser essencial para a efici?ncia no uso de nitrog?nio.
Kariyawasam, Bowithanthri Kalani. "Nouvelles métalloenzymes artificielles obtenues par couplage covalent de complexes métalliques dans une protéine naturelle (Xylanase A) et dans des protéines artificielles (αReps) Functionalized Artificial Bidomain Proteins Based on an α‑Solenoid Protein Repeat Scaffold: A New Class of Artificial Diels−Alderases Recent advances in the field of artificial hemoproteins: New efficient eco-compatible biocatalysts for nitrene-, oxene- and carbene-transfer reactions Artificial iron hydrogenase made by covalent grafting of Knölker’s complex into xylanase: Application in asymmetric hydrogenation of an aryl ketone in water A new artificial hemoprotein with inducible peroxidase- and monooxygenase-like activities." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS518.
Full textIn a context of sustainable development, enzymes are powerful biological tools to catalyze reactions with very high efficiencies and specificities. Inspired by enzymes and organometallic catalysis, the development of artificial metalloenzymes has emerged for several years as a strategy of choice to provide the chemists with new biocatalysts, in accordance with the principles of green chemistry. They are constructed by the insertion by supramolecular interactions or covalent coupling of an ion or a metal complex within a protein, which provides them with a protective and chiral hydrophobic environment. In this thesis, several artificial metalloenzymes were constructed by covalent coupling of metal complexes into two host proteins, Xylanase A (Xln) and artificial proteins of the Reps family. Initially, an artificial hydrogenase was constructed in the XlnS212C mutant by covalent anchoring of an iron complex known as the Knölker complex. The artificial hydrogenase obtained, XlnS212CK, was found to be capable of catalyzing hydride hydrogenation of trifluoroacetophenone, TFAC, without enantiomeric excess. In a second time, four artificial Diel-Alderases were constructed from the bidomain protein (A3_A3') of the αReps family. The two best Diels-Alderases which led respectively to the best yield and the best enantioselectivity in the reaction of azachalcone on cyclopentadiene were developed respectively by covalent attachment of copper complex of phenanthroline and terpyridine ligands in a mutant F119C of A3_A3' (A3_A3')F119Phen-Cu (II) and (A3_A3')F119 Terpy-Cu (II). Finally, a new artificial hemoprotein was constructed by covalent coupling of the manganese meso-tetraphenylporphyrin Mn(III)TPP-NHMal in the (A3_A3')Y26C mutant. The artificial hemoprotein formed BH-MnTPP alone shows no catalytic activity for the oxidation of co-substrates by H2O2. However, unexpectedly, the addition of imidazole and another αRep protein, bA3-2, which binds specifically to A3_A3’ and causes it to be opened, not only triggers the BH-MnTPP peroxidase activity but also a monooxygenase activity which catalyzes the sulfoxidation of thioanisole by H2O2. This is the first example described to date of artificial metalloenzyme whose activity can be induced by the attachment of a partner protein
Books on the topic "Nitrate use efficiency"
Australian Soil Fertility Manual. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100725.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Nitrate use efficiency"
Singh, Ishwar, Krishan Kumar, Prabha Singh, Pranjal Yadava, and Sujay Rakshit. "Physiological and molecular interventions for improving nitrogen-use efficiency in maize." In Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield, 325–39. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0019.
Full textYadav, Divyansh, and Seema Nara. "Nanozymes for Neurodegenerative Diseases." In Proceedings of the Conference BioSangam 2022: Emerging Trends in Biotechnology (BIOSANGAM 2022), 77–95. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-020-6_9.
Full textBharali, Bhagawan, Zafar Ullah, Bhupendra Haloi, Jayashree Chutia, and Sonbeer Chack. "Phytotoxicity of Oxidised and Reduced Nitrogen Aerosols on Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Crop." In Sustainable Potato Production and the Impact of Climate Change, 169–88. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1715-3.ch008.
Full textSharma, R. P., M. K. Jatav, V. K. Dua, and Manoj Kumar. "Nutrient Management for Sustainable Potato Production in India." In Sustainable Potato Production and the Impact of Climate Change, 17–49. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1715-3.ch002.
Full textPriyadarshi, Soumya Saswat. "Wastewater Treatment Using Microalgae." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 338–53. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4921-6.ch016.
Full textGwebu, Lubelihle, and Canisius Mpala. "Application of Vermifiltration for Domestic Sewage Treatment." In Wastewater Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103920.
Full textGlendining, Margaret J., and Jo U. Smith. "Using a Rotational Modelling System to Explore the Effect of Straw Incorporation on the Efficiency of Nitrogen Use." In Managing Risks of Nitrates to Humans and the Environment, 58–64. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845693206.58.
Full textElmelouky, Abderrahmane, Abdelhadi Mortadi, Elghaouti Chahid, and Reddad Elmoznine. "Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Adsorption Behavior of Nitrate Ions by Layered Double Hydroxide Using Impedance Spectroscopy." In Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90883.
Full textRen, Y., A. Das, C. Hessin, and M. Desage-El Murr. "2.4 Redox-Active Ligands in Catalysis for Single-Electron-Transfer Processes." In Free Radicals: Fundamentals and Applications in Organic Synthesis 2. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-233-00066.
Full textTaber, Douglass F. "C–H Functionalization." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0019.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Nitrate use efficiency"
Baker, James L., Daniel E. Ressler, Robert Horton, and Thomas C. Kaspar. "New Nitrogen Application/Placement Techniques to Increase Use-Efficiency and Reduce Nitrate Leaching." In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-614.
Full textSigua, G. C., K. C. Stone, P. J. Bauer, and A. S. Szogi. "Nitrate leaching, water-use efficiency and yield of corn with different irrigation and nitrogen management systems in coastal plains, USA." In ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eid160151.
Full textKruizenga, Alan, David Gill, and Marianne LaFord. "Corrosion of Austenitic Alloys in Binary 60/40 Nitrate Salt at 600°C." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18057.
Full textGalkina, O. V., and A. L. Tarasov. "Efficiency application of mineral fertilizers with biologics in the cultivation of winter wheat in the conditions of the upper Volga region." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-75.
Full textPakzadeh, Behrang, Jay Wos, and Jay Renew. "Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment for Coal-Fired Power Industry." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32278.
Full textBradshaw, Robert W., and Nathan P. Siegel. "Molten Nitrate Salt Development for Thermal Energy Storage in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Systems." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54174.
Full textUsrey, Michael W., Yiping Liu, Mark Anderson, Jon Lubbers, Brady Knowles, Kevin Harsh, and Evan Pilant. "Development of High Temperature, Corrosion Resistant Sensors for Concentrating Solar Power Systems." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6569.
Full textGOLOVKO, Liudmyla. "IMPLEMENTATION OF EU WATER POLICY IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.103.
Full textGill, David D., Nathan P. Siegel, Robert W. Bradshaw, and Clifford K. Ho. "Design, Fabrication and Testing of an Apparatus for Material Compatibility Testing in Nitrate Salts at Temperatures Up to 700°C." In ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54250.
Full textKelly, Bruce, Henry Price, Doug Brosseau, and David Kearney. "Adopting Nitrate/Nitrite Salt Mixtures as the Heat Transport Fluid in Parabolic Trough Power Plants." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36172.
Full textReports on the topic "Nitrate use efficiency"
Van Rijn, Jaap, Harold Schreier, and Yossi Tal. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation as a novel approach for water treatment in marine and freshwater aquaculture recirculating systems. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696511.bard.
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