Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nitrate radicals

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrate radicals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Nitrate radicals"

1

Clarke, Jennifer L., Irida Kastrati, Linda J. Johnston, and Gregory RJ Thatcher. "Photochemical reactions of thiols with organic nitrates — Oxygen atom transfer via a thionitrate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 84, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v06-056.

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Nitroglycerin is an organic nitrate that has been used in the clinical treatment of angina for 130 years, yet important details of its mechanism of action remain unanswered. The biological activity of nitrates suggests that they are bioactivated to NO via a three-electron reduction. The involvement of free or bound protein thiols in this reduction has often been proposed. To examine the involvement of thiyl radicals in such a process, the photochemical generation of benzenethiyl radical from thiol and disulfide precursors was studied in the presence of isopropyl nitrate. Analysis of reaction products and kinetics led to the conclusion that photolysis of the nitrate to NO2 dominated the observed photochemistry. Formation of sulfonothioate and NO as products, and trapping of NO2 by 4-chlorophenol, indicated a mechanism involving oxygen atom transfer from N to S via a thionitrate intermediate. The results of the study did not indicate a rapid reaction between thiyl radical and organic nitrate. Despite weak nitrate absorption of light >300 nm and a relatively high BDE for homolysis to give NO2, the photochemistry under thiyl-generating conditions was driven by nitrate photolysis to NO2. A novel nitrate, containing a phenyl disulfanyl group linked to nitrate groups, did not undergo photolysis to NO2 or generate sulfonothioate, but did yield NO. These observations suggest that reaction between thiyl radicals and nitrates leading to NO release is a viable pathway, but it is subservient to other competing reactions, such as photolysis, in the case of IPN, and reaction with thiolate, in the case of the novel nitrate.Key words: nitrate, photolysis, thiyl radical, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide.
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Zheng, W., F. M. Flocke, G. S. Tyndall, A. Swanson, J. J. Orlando, J. M. Roberts, L. G. Huey, and D. J. Tanner. "Characterization of a thermal decomposition chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the measurement of peroxy acyl nitrates (PANs) in the atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 13 (July 8, 2011): 6529–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6529-2011.

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Abstract. This paper presents a detailed laboratory characterization of a thermal dissociation chemical ionization mass spectrometer (TD-CIMS) for the atmospheric measurement of Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its homologues (PANs). PANs are efficiently dissociated in a heated inlet and the resulting peroxy acyl radicals are reacted with I− ions in a flow tube. The mass spectrometer detects the corresponding carboxylate ions. PAN, peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), peroxyisobutyryl nitrate (PiBN), peroxy-n-butyryl nitrate (PnBN), peroxyacryloyl nitrate (APAN), peroxycrotonyl nitrates (CPAN) and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN) were cross-calibrated with both a dual channel GC/ECD and a total odd-nitrogen (NOy) instrument for the NCAR TD-CIMS' typical aircraft operation conditions. In addition, the instrument sensitivity to a number of more exotic PANs (peroxyhydroxyacetyl nitrate, methoxyformyl peroxynitrate, and peroxybenzoyl nitrate) was evaluated qualitatively by comparisons with a long-path FTIR instrument. The sensitivity for PPN is slightly higher than that of PAN. Larger aliphatic and olefinic PAN compounds generally showed lower sensitivities. We postulate that these differences are owing to secondary reactions in the thermal decomposition region, which either reduce the yield of peroxy acyl radicals or cause losses of these radicals through intramolecular decomposition. The relative importance of these secondary reactions varies considerably between different PAN species. Results also indicate that the reaction of the larger peroxy acyl radicals with the ion-water cluster, I−(H2O)n proceeds about an order of magnitude faster than with I− alone, as has been observed for peroxy acetyl radicals. Sensitivity variations among the individual PAN species at very low water vapor were observed. The results call for careful evaluation of each PAN species to be measured and for each desired operating condition of a TD-CIMS instrument.
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Vrekoussis, M., M. Kanakidou, N. Mihalopoulos, P. J. Crutzen, J. Lelieveld, D. Perner, H. Berresheim, and E. Baboukas. "Role of the NO<sub>3</sub> radicals in oxidation processes in the eastern Mediterranean troposphere during the MINOS campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 1 (February 3, 2004): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-169-2004.

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Abstract. During the MINOS campaign (28 July-18 August 2001) the nitrate (NO3) radical was measured at Finokalia station, on the north coast of Crete in South-East Europe using a long path (10.4 km) Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy instrument (DOAS). Hydroxyl (OH) radical was also measured by a Chemical Ionization Mass-Spectrometer (Berresheim et al., 2003). These datasets represent the first simultaneous measurements of OH and NO3 radicals in the area. NO3 radical concentrations ranged from less than 3x107 up to 9x108 radicals· cm-3 with an average nighttime value of 1.1x108 radicals· cm-3. The observed NO3 mixing ratios are analyzed on the basis of the corresponding meteorological data and the volatile organic compound (VOC) observations which were measured simultaneously at Finokalia station. The importance of the NO3 radical chemistry relatively to that of OH in the dimethylsulfide (DMS) and nitrate cycles is also investigated. The observed NO3 levels regulate the nighttime variation of DMS. The loss of DMS by NO3 during night is about 75% of that by OH radical during day. NO3 and nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) reactions account for about 21% of the total nitrate (HNO3(g)+NO-3(g)) production.
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Moshage, H., B. Kok, J. R. Huizenga, and P. L. Jansen. "Nitrite and nitrate determinations in plasma: a critical evaluation." Clinical Chemistry 41, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.6.892.

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Abstract Plasma nitrite and nitrate determinations are increasingly being used in clinical chemistry as markers for the activity of nitric oxide synthase and the production of nitric oxide radicals. However, a systematic evaluation of the determination of nitrite and nitrate in plasma has not been performed. In this study the recovery and stability of nitrite and nitrate in whole blood and in plasma, the relation between nitrite and nitrate concentrations in plasma, and possible sources of artifacts were investigated. The main conclusions are: (a) Recovery of nitrite and nitrate from plasma is near-quantitative (87%) and reproducible; (b) nitrite and nitrate are stable in (frozen) plasma for at least 1 year; (c) nitrite in whole blood is very rapidly (&gt; 95% in 1 h) oxidized to nitrate, and therefore plasma nitrite determination alone is meaningless; (d) the ranges of nitrite and nitrate concentrations in plasma samples of 26 healthy persons are 1.3-13 mumol/L (mean 4.2 mumol/L) and 4.0-45.3 mumol/L (mean 19.7 mumol/L), respectively; (e) plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations were not correlated (nitrite as % of total nitrite + nitrate varied from 3.9% to 88% in plasma samples); and (f) plasma samples should be deproteinized, and background controls for each sample should be included in the assay, to avoid measuring artifactually high nitrite and nitrate concentrations in plasma.
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Platt, Ulrich, and Frank Heintz. "Nitrate Radicals in Tropospheric Chemistry." Israel Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 3-4 (1994): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.199400033.

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Rudziński, Krzysztof J., and Rafał Szmigielski. "Aqueous Reactions of Sulfate Radical-Anions with Nitrophenols in Atmospheric Context." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120795.

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Nitrophenols, hazardous environmental pollutants, react promptly with atmospheric oxidants such as hydroxyl or nitrate radicals. This work aimed to estimate how fast nitrophenols are removed from the atmosphere by the aqueous-phase reactions with sulfate radical-anions. The reversed-rates method was applied to determine the relative rate constants for reactions of 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol with sulfate radical-anions generated by the autoxidation of sodium sulfite catalyzed by iron(III) cations at ~298 K. The constants determined were: 9.08 × 108, 1.72 × 109, 6.60 × 108, 2.86 × 108, and 7.10 × 107 M−1 s−1, respectively. These values correlated linearly with the sums of Brown substituent coefficients and with the relative strength of the O–H bond of the respective nitrophenols. Rough estimation showed that the gas-phase reactions of 2-nitrophenol with hydroxyl or nitrate radicals dominated over the aqueous-phase reaction with sulfate radical-anions in deliquescent aerosol and haze water. In clouds, rains, and haze water, the aqueous-phase reaction of 2-nitrophenol with sulfate radical-anions dominated, provided the concentration of the radical-anions was not smaller than that of the hydroxyl or nitrate radicals. The results presented may be also interesting for designers of advanced oxidation processes for the removal of nitrophenol.
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Rumagit, Benedicta Irene, Adeanne Caroline Wullur, and Donald Emilio Kalonio. "ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SESEWANUA (Clerodendrum fragrans [Vent.] Willd) LEAF EXTRACT AND FRACTION WITH 1,1-DiPHENYLl-2-PICRYLHYDRAZYL (DPPH) AND NITRATE-OXIDE FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING METHOD." International Research Journal of Pharmacy 11, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.111199.

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Free radicals are molecules containing unpaired electrons so that they are not stable and very reactive to other molecules. ROS/RNS radicals have physiological function, but the overproduction of free radicals can initiate oxidative/nitrosative stress that contributes to a high number of diseases. Body has an ability to neutralize the free radicals by forming the endogenous antioxidant. Environmental changes, living style, certain pathological conditions can cause the shift of prooxidant-antioxidant equilibrium. Thus, endogenous antioxidant intake is needed, particularly that originating from natural materials. One of the plants believed to have antioxidant activity is sesewanua (Clerodendrum fragrans [Vent.] Willd.) leaf. This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the sesewanua leaf using DPPH and nitrate-oxide free radical scavenging method. The study is a laboratory experiment. The sample was sesewanua (Clerodendrum fragrans) obtained from East Malalayang I village, Malalayang district, Manado city, North Sulawesi. The antioxidant activity testing utilized 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitrate-oxide free radical scavenging method. Data included percent inhibition of free radicals and were analyzed using linear regression to determine 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of DPPH and nitrate-oxide free radicals. As conclusion, the ethanol extract, hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of the sesewanua leaf had antioxidant activity through DPPH free antiradical activity, but not active as antiradical NO.
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Zheng, W., F. M. Flocke, G. S. Tyndall, A. Swanson, J. J. Orlando, J. M. Roberts, L. G. Huey, and D. J. Tanner. "Characterization of a thermal decomposition chemical ionization mass spectrometer for the measurement of peroxy acyl nitrates (PANs) in the atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2011): 8461–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-8461-2011.

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Abstract. This paper presents a detailed laboratory characterization of a thermal dissociation ionization mass spectrometer (TD-CIMS) for the atmospheric measurement of Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its homologues. PANs are efficiently dissociated in a heated inlet tube and the resulting peroxy acyl radicals are reacted with I– ions in a flow tube. The CIMS detects the corresponding carboxylate ions to give a specific and quantitative measurement of each PAN species. PAN, peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), peroxyisobutyryl nitrate (PiBN), peroxy-n-butyryl nitrate (PnBN), peroxyacryloyl nitrate (APAN), peroxycrotonyl nitrates (CPAN) and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN) were cross-calibrated with both a dual channel GC/ECD and a total odd-nitrogen (NOy) instrument for the NCAR TD-CIMS' typical aircraft operation conditions. In addition, the instrument sensitivity to a number of more exotic PAN homologues (peroxyhydroxyacetyl nitrate, methoxyformyl peroxynitrate, and peroxybenzoyl nitrate) was evaluated qualitatively by comparisons with a long-path FTIR instrument. The sensitivity for PPN is slightly higher than that of PAN. Larger aliphatic and olefinic PAN compounds generally showed lower sensitivities. These differences are owing to secondary reactions in the thermal decomposition region, which either reduce the yield of peroxy acyl radicals or cause losses of these radicals through intramolecular decomposition. The relative importance of these secondary reactions varies considerably between different PAN species. Results also indicate that the reaction of the peroxy acyl radicals with the ion-water cluster, I–(H2O)n proceeds about an order of magnitude faster than with I– alone. Variations among the individual PAN species at very low water vapor were observed. The results call for careful evaluation of each PAN species to be measured and for each desired operating condition of a TD-CIMS instrument.
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Kalalian, C., E. Roth, and A. Chakir. "Atmospheric reactivity of nitrate radicals: Reaction with peroxy radicals." Atmospheric Environment 190 (October 2018): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.07.036.

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Croitoru, Mircea Dumitru, Hermina Iulia Petkes, Ibolya Fülöp, Remus Cotârlan, Oana Elena Şerban, Titica Maria Dogaru, Şerban Andrei Gâz Florea, Béla Tőkés, and Cornelia Majdik. "Nitrones: not only extraordinary spin traps, but also good nitric oxide sources in vivo." Acta Pharmaceutica 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acph-2015-0032.

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Abstract Free radicals are involved in the development of reperfusion injuries. Using a spin trap, the intensity of such lesions can be reduced. Nitrones (effective in vivo spin traps) were tried in this work as in vivo nitric oxide donors. Nitrite and nitrate concentration values (rabbit blood) were used as biomarkers of nitric oxide production. Most nitrones did not increase plasma concentrations of nitrite and nitrate; on the contrary, reduced plasma concentrations of these indicators were noted. However, glyoxal isopropyldinitrone, in a dose of 50 mg kg-1, was highly effective in increasing nitric oxide production. At the same time, nitrones do not react with hepatic homogenates, proving that the release of nitric oxide takes place in the tissues and is not related to hepatic metabolism. Before using nitrones in vivo, they were tested in vitro for the ability to release nitric oxide following a reaction with the hydroxyl radical.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nitrate radicals"

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King, Martin D. "Kinetics and mechanisms of reactions of NO←3 with some biogenic species." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299017.

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Pfrang, Christian. "Nitrate radicals in the atmosphere : reactions with man-made and stress-induced plant emissions, and with peroxy radicals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427757.

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Flugge, Mark. "Laboratory studies of reactions of nitrate radicals with species of atmospheric importance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413082.

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Mattei, Coraline. "Réactivité hétérogène de pesticides adsorbés sur des particules atmosphériques : influence des paramètres environnementaux sur les cinétiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0181.

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La contamination de l’environnement par les pesticides est ubiquiste et les preuves d’impacts sanitaires et environnementaux s’accumulent. Après application, une fraction des pesticides passe dans l’atmosphère où ils sont répartis entre les phases gazeuse, aqueuse et particulaire. La plupart des pesticides utilisés aujourd’hui sont semi-volatils et sont donc en partie adsorbés en surface de particules atmosphériques où ont lieu des réactions hétérogènes. La réactivité en phase gazeuse des pesticides est documentée contrairement à celle en phase particulaire qui est mal décrite. Ce travail expérimental a permis d’étudier l’influence de paramètres environnementaux (humidité relative, nature des particules, taux de recouvrement) sur la réactivité hétérogène de 8 pesticides (cyprodinil deltaméthrine difénoconazole fipronil oxadiazon pendiméthaline perméthrine tétraconazole). Ces composés étaient adsorbés sur des particules minérales (silices hydrophobe et hydrophile, sable d’Arizona) et ont été exposés aux principaux oxydants atmosphériques (ozone, radicaux hydroxyles (OH) et nitrates (NO3)). Les résultats ont montré que l’humidité relative, la nature des particules et le taux de recouvrement peuvent influencer les cinétiques de dégradation hétérogène par l’ozone et les radicaux OH. Ils ont aussi permis de mettre en évidence l’efficacité des radicaux NO3 pour la dégradation hétérogène des pesticides (temps de demi-vie hétérogène avec NO3 : 2 à 16 j contre 0,4 à >800 j avec l’ozone et 3 à >100 j avec OH). Ces résultats permettent une meilleure compréhension du devenir atmosphérique des pesticides et contribueront à la prédiction de la pollution de l’air par les pesticides
Environmental contamination by pesticides is ubiquitous and induces health and environmental impacts. Once applied, some of the pesticides reach the atmosphere, where they distribute between the aqueous, gaseous and particle phases. Most of the currently used pesticides are semi-volatiles and are therefore partially adsorbed on the atmospheric particle surfaces and undergo heterogeneous degradation reactions. If their reactivity in the gaseous phase is often known, their reactivity in the particle phase remains poorly described. This experimental work allowed studying the influence of environmental parameters (relative humidity, type of particles, pesticides surface concentration) on the reactivity of eight pesticides (cyprodinil, deltamethrin, difenoconazole, fipronil, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, permethrin, tetraconazole). They were adsorbed on mineral surfaces mimicking mineral aerosol particles (hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica, Arizona sand) to simulate atmospheric degradation by the mains atmospheric oxidants (ozone, hydroxyl radicals (OH) and nitrate radicals (NO3)). Results showed that relative humidity, particle type, and pesticide concentration can influence the heterogeneous degradation of pesticides with ozone and OH radicals. They also showed the efficiency of NO3 radicals for the atmospheric heterogeneous degradation of pesticides (half-lives in the particle phase from 2 to 16 d with NO3 compared to 0.4 to > 800 d with ozone and to 3 to > 100 d with OH). Results obtained allow a better understanding of the atmospheric fate of pesticides and will contribute to predict of atmospheric contamination
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Zhang, Yafen. "Ultrahigh Vacuum Studies of the Reaction Kinetics and Mechanisms of Nitrate Radical with Model Organic Surfaces." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78003.

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Detailed understanding of the kinetics and mechanisms of heterogeneous reactions between gas-phase nitrate radicals, a key nighttime atmospheric oxidant, and organic particles will enable scientists to predict the fate and lifetime of the particles in the atmosphere. In an effort to acquire knowledge of interfacial reactions of nitrate radical with organics, model surfaces are created by the spontaneous adsorption of methyl-/vinyl-/hydroxyl-terminated alkanethiols on to a polycrystalline gold substrate. The self-assembled monolayers provide a well-defined surface with the desired functional group (-CH3, H2C=CH-, or HO-) positioned precisely at the gas-surface interface. The experimental approach employs in situ reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) to monitor bond rupture and formation while a well-characterized flux of NO3 impinges on the organic surface. Overall, the reaction kinetics and mechanisms were found to depend on the terminal functional group of the SAM and incident energy of the nitrate radical (NO3). For reactions of the H2C=CH-SAM with NO3, the surface reaction kinetics obtained from RAIRS reveals that the consumption rate of the terminal vinyl groups is nearly identical to the formation rate of a surface-bound nitrate species and implies that the mechanism is one of direct addition to the vinyl group rather than hydrogen abstraction. Upon nitrate radical collisions with the surface, the initial reaction probability for consumption of carbon-carbon double bonds was determined to be (2.3 ± 0.5) -- 10-3. Studies of reactions of HO-SAM with the effusive source of NO3 suggest that the reaction between NO3 and the HO-SAM is initiated by hydrogen abstraction at the terminal - 'CH2OH groups with the initial reaction probability of (6 ± 1)-- 10-3. An Arrhenius plot was obtained to measure the activation energy of the H abstraction from the HO-SAM. Further, for reactions of the HO-SAM with the high incident energy of NO3 molecules created by molecular beam, the reaction probability for H abstraction at the hydroxyl terminus was determined to be ~0.4. The significant increase in the reaction probability was attributed to the promotion in the ability of NO3 abstracting hydrogen atom at the methylene groups along hydrocarbon chains. The reaction rates of NO3 with the model organic surfaces that have been investigated are orders of magnitude greater than the rate of ozone reactions on the same surfaces which suggests that oxidation of surface-bound organics by nighttime nitrate radicals may play an important role in atmospheric chemistry despite their relative low concentration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data suggests that oxidation of the model organic surfaces by NO3 leads to the production of organic nitrates, which are stable for a period time. In addition, the effect of background gases on reactions of NO3 with model organic surfaces needs further investigations at atmospheric pressures. The results presented in this thesis should help researchers to predict the fate and environmental impacts of organic particulates with which nitrate radicals interact.
Ph. D.
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Zhang, Yafen. "Fundamental Studies of Reactions between NO3 Radicals and Organic Surfaces." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42372.

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Ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) surface science experiments were designed to study reaction kinetics and mechanisms of gas-phase NO3 radicals with well-organized, highly characterized, organic thin films. The surface reactions were monitored in situ with reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS). The oxidation states of surface-bound molecules were identified with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Consumption of vinyl groups was observed concurrently with formation of organic nitrates in RAIRS. XPS spectra showed little oxidation of sulfur head groups. The observed rate constant was determined based on the consumption of carbon-carbon double bonds and the formation of organic nitrates. Using this rate constant, the initial reaction probability was determined to be (3 ± 1) X 10-3. This reaction probability is approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that for the reactions between the same surface and pure O3, which is due to the higher electron affinity of NO3 relative to O3. These results led to the development of a proposed mechanism that involves electrophilic addition of NO3 to the double bonds. Reactions between NO3 and a methyl-terminated SAM were also monitored in situ with RAIRS. In the CH3-SAM studies, hydrogen abstraction was observed during NO3 exposure. The results presented in this thesis should help develop an understanding of the fundamental interfacial reaction dynamics of NO3 radicals with organic surfaces.
Master of Science
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Kalalian, Carmen. "Réactivité atmosphérique des composés organiques volatils oxygénés biogéniques (aldéhydes et alcools insaturés). Etudes cinétiques de la réaction entre les radicaux peroxyles et le radical nitrate." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS023/document.

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Les composés organiques volatils d’origine biogénique (COVB) contribuent à plus de 90% des émissions des COV dans l'atmosphère. Ces composés sont éliminés de l’atmosphère par réaction avec les photo-oxydants (OH, NO3, Cl et O3) et par photolyse. Ces processus sont gouvernés par un mécanisme en chaîne dont les porteurs sont des radicaux libres tels que les radicaux peroxyles RO2 qui jouent un rôle clé dans la dégradation atmosphérique des COV. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse se concentre d’une part sur l’étude cinétique en température et mécanistique de la réaction d’ozonolyse, la détermination des spectres UV et la photolyse de six COV oxygénés insaturés (trans-2-pentènal, trans-2-hexènal, 2-méthyl-2-pentènal, 1-pentèn-3-ol, cis- 2-pentèn-1-ol et trans-3-hexèn-1-ol), et d’autre part l’étude de la réactivité de trois radicaux peroxyles (CH3OCH2O2, CH3C(O)CH2O2 et (CH3)2C(OH)CH2O2) vis-à-vis des radicaux nitrates à différentes températures. Trois dispositifs expérimentaux sont utilisés : une chambre de simulation atmosphérique couplée à une spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR) et à une chromatographie en phase gazeuse associée à une spectrométrie de masse (GC/MS), un dispositif de mesure des spectres UV-Visible et la photolyse laser couplée à une spectrométrie UV-visible et diode laser. Ces dispositifs associés à des méthodes de traitement permettent d'extraire des données cinétiques en température, mécanistiques et spectroscopiques. Les paramètres cinétiques obtenus sont utilisés pour estimer les durées de vie atmosphériques des espèces étudiées. Les résultats mécanistiques sont utilisés pour élaborer les mécanismes d’ozonolyse de ces composés. Toutes ces données permettent d’enrichir les bases de données cinétiques, mécanistiques et spectroscopiques qui alimentent les modèles atmosphériques
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) account for 90% of VOC emissions in the atmosphere. These VOCs can be removed from the atmosphere by reaction with photo-oxidants (OH, NO3, Cl and O3) as well as by photolysis. All these processes are governed by a chain mechanism whose carriers are mainly free radicals such as peroxy radicals RO2. Hence the importance of characterizing the reactivity of these species that play a key role in the atmospheric degradation of VOCs. In this context, this thesis focuses on the determination of the temperature dependent kinetic data as well as the mechanism of the ozonolysis reaction and the UV absorption spectra along the photolysis of six unsaturated oxygenated VOCs (trans- 2-pentenal, trans-2-hexenal, 2-methyl-2-pentenal, 1-penten-3-ol, cis-2-penten-1-ol and trans-3-hexen-1-ol). Likewise, the temperature dependent kinetic parameters of the reaction of three peroxy radicals (CH3OCH2O2, CH3C(O)CH2O2 et (CH3)2C(OH)CH2O2) with nitrate radicals were also determined. Three experimental setups coupled to treatment methods were used to extract these data: an atmospheric simulation chamber coupled to both a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and a gas chromatography connected to a mass spectrometry (GC/MS), a device for measuring UV-Visible spectra and a laser photolysis coupled with UV-visible spectrometry and laser diode spectroscopy. The kinetic parameters were used to estimate the atmospheric lifetimes of the studied species. While the mechanistic data were used to establish their ozonolysis mechanisms. All the collected data enrich kinetic, mechanistic and spectroscopic databases, improving atmospheric models specially those involving VOCs
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Allan, Beverley. "A spectroscopic study of radical chemistry in the troposphere." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266729.

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Seligman, Kelly. "Importancia do radical oxido nitrico no processo de floração utilizando-se Arabidopsis thaliana L. como modelo." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314346.

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Orientadores: Ione Salgado, Cecilia Alzira Pinto-Maglio
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O radical óxido nítrico (NO), que pode ser produzido nos organismos pela oxidação de arginina ou redução de nitrito, é uma importante molécula sinalizadora em plantas atuando como modulador de diversos processos metabólicos e de desenvolvimento. Recentemente foi identificado como um dos sinais envolvidos no processo de floração. A transição da fase de crescimento vegetativo para a fase reprodutiva é atrasada em plantas mutantes que superproduzem NO, enquanto que a floração é precoce em plantas mutantes deficientes na síntese deste radical. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os sítios de produção de NO durante o desenvolvimento floral de Arabidopsis thaliana L. Foram utilizados os indicadores fluorescentes 4,5-diacetato de diaminofluoresceína (DAF-2 DA) e 1,2-diaminoantraquinona (1,2-DAA) para localizar in situ, por microscopia de fluorescência, a produção de NO em botões florais de A. thaliana em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. Ainda, a produção de NO pelas estruturas florais foi comparada entre plantas do tipo selvagem e mutante duplo defectivo para os genes estruturais da enzima nitrato redutase - NR - (nia1 nia2) que apresentam conteúdo reduzido de aminoácidos e nitrito e, consequentemente, de NO em suas folhas. Foi analisado também o efeito do seqüestrador de NO, CPTIO, na prevenção da emissão de fluorescência. Os resultados mostraram que o NO é sintetizado em células e tecidos específicos da estrutura floral e que sua produção aumenta com o desenvolvimento floral até a antese: a fluorescência dos indicadores, prevenida pelo seqüestrador de NO, ficou restrita às papilas estigmáticas em gineceus imaturos e a grãos de pólen produzidos pela antera no estame. Plantas mutantes de A. thaliana nia1 nia2 apresentaram o mesmo padrão de emissão de NO nos órgãos florais que o tipo selvagem. Sépalas e pétalas não apresentaram produção significativa de NO em ambos os genótipos analisados. A validação dos resultados obtidos por microscopia foi feita através da incubação de tecidos florais intactos com DAF-2, quantificando-se, por espectrofluorimetria, o composto DAF-2T resultante da reação do indicador com o NO emitido pelos tecidos. Os dados obtidos por espectrofluorimetria mostraram que a intensidade de fluorescência emitida por botões florais foi maior durante o estágio 11 de desenvolvimento, corroborando os dados obtidos de localização por microscopia de fluorescência. Ainda, foi possível quantificar que as plantas do tipo selvagem apresentam, em média, maior intensidade de fluorescência emitida, que plantas nia1 nia2: 1,39 e 1,89 vezes maior nas fases 11 e 13 de desenvolvimento, respectivamente. Um segundo objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o papel da enzima NR na indução floral. Os dados obtidos revelam que plantas nia1 nia2 possuem floração precoce, 6 dias em média, quando comparadas com plantas do tipo selvagem. Para verificar se a floração precoce no mutante nia1 nia2 era conseqüência apenas da deficiência do radical NO, ou também da deficiência de aminoácidos, foram analisados os parâmetros de indução floral em plantas nia1 nia2 tratadas com os aminoácidos arginina ou glutamina, para a recuperação dos níveis basais de aminoácidos. A floração neste mutante permaneceu precoce, sugerindo que o fenótipo de floração precoce é conseqüência da deficiência de NO nestas plantas durante a fase vegetativa. Estes resultados sugerem que o NO pode ter um importante papel no processo de floração e no sucesso da reprodução vegetal
Abstract: The radical nitric oxide (NO), that can be produced in the organism by arginine oxidation or nitrite reduction, is an important signaling molecule in plants acting as modulator of several metabolic and developmental processes. Recently NO was identified as one of several signals involved in flowering. The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is delayed in mutant plants that overproduce NO, while this process is precocious in mutant plants deficient in NO synthesis. The main objective of this study was to identify the sites of NO production during floral development of Arabidopsis thaliana. The fluorescent probes, 4,5-daminofluorescein diacetate and 1,2-diaminoanthraquinone, were utilized to localize in situ, by fluorescence microsopy, the NO production in floral buds of A. thaliana at different stages of development. Still, NO production by the floral structures was compared between wild-type and double defective mutant plants for structural genes of nitrate reductase enzyme - NR - (nia1 nia2) which have reduced content of amino acids and nitrite and, consequently, of NO in their leaves. It was also analyzed the effect of the NO scavenger, CPTIO, in preventing the fluorescence emission. The results showed that NO is synthesized in specific cells and tissues in the floral structure and its production increases with the floral development until anthesis: the fluorescence of the indicators, prevented by NO scavenger, was restricted to the stigmatic papillae, in the gynoecium, and to pollen grains produced by anther in stamen. Mutant plants of A. thaliana nia1 nia2 showed the same pattern of NO emission by the floral organs to that observed in the wild type genotype. Sepals and petals showed no significant NO production in both genotypes analyzed. Validation of the results obtained by fluorescence microscopy was realized by incubating floral tissues with DAF-2 and quantifying, by spectrofluorimetry, the DAF-2T resulted from reaction between the probe and the NO emitted by the tissues. Data obtained by spectrofluorimetry showed that the fluorescence intensity emitted by floral buds was higher during stage 11 of development, corroborating localization data obtained by fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, wild type plants showed greater intensity of fluorescence emission, on average, than nia1 nia2 plants: 1,39 and 1,89 times higher in phases 11 and 13 of development, respectively. A second objective of this work was to evaluate the role of the NR enzyme in floral induction. Data obtained revealed that nia1 nia2 plants flowers earlier, 6 days on average, than the wild-type plants. To verify whether the early flowering phenotype in nia1 nia2 was only consequence of the NO deficiency, or was also due to the amino acids deficiency, it were analyzed the parameters of floral induction in nia1 nia2 plants treated with the amino acids arginine or glutamine for the recovery of the amino acids levels. Flowering in this mutant remained precocious, suggesting that the early flowering phenotype is a consequence of NO deficiency in these plants during the vegetative growth. These results suggest that NO may have an important role in the flowering process and to the reproductive success of the plant
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Fouqueau, Axel. "Réactivité des terpènes avec le radical nitrate : études cinétique et mécanistique en chambres de simulation atmosphérique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0015.

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Les composés organiques volatils biogéniques (COVB) sont fortement émis dans l’atmosphère par les forêts et les cultures. Très réactifs vis-à-vis du radical nitrate NO3, principal oxydant nocturne dans la troposphère, ils ont une importance majeure dans la chimie atmosphérique. En effet, cette réaction mène à la formation d’un large panel de produits de réaction en phase gazeuse fonctionnalisés (nitrates organiques, composés carbonylés, ...) et une large fraction d’aérosols organiques secondaires. Les nitrates organiques constituent des espèces réservoirs d’oxydes d’azote dans l’atmosphère et influencent directement le bilan d’azote réactif et ainsi les niveaux d’ozone. L’aérosol organique secondaire, de par sa formation, ses propriétés optiques et hygroscopiques ainsi et sa composition chimique a un impact direct et indirect sur le climat. Ce travail a pour but la compréhension de ces processus à l’échelle moléculaire à travers une étude cinétique et mécanistique des réactions d’oxydation de plusieurs COVB par le radical NO3.Ainsi, les réactions d’oxydation par le radical NO3 de trois monoterpènes ((C10H16), γ- et α-terpinène et le terpinolène) et un sesquiterpène ((C15H24), le β-caryophyllène) ont été invesitguées en chambre de simulation atmosphérique. Les composés ont été choisis d’une part pour mettre en évidence l’influence de leur structure chimique sur leur réactivité et d’autre part, pour combler les manques de données expérimentales dans la littérature sur la chimie de ces composés.Pour la partie cinétique, les constantes de vitesse ont été mesurées à la fois par la méthode de cinétique absolue et par celle de cinétique relative. Les réactions chimiques étudiées étant très rapides, cette étude a nécessité au préalable le développement sur la chambre de simulation atmosphérique d’une voie d’analyse spectroscopique IBB-CEAS (Incoherent Broad Band Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy) pour la mesure des radicaux nitrates dans la gamme du ppt. Des études mécanistiques ont également été menées afin d’identifier et de quantifier les principaux produits de réaction. Les rendements de nitrates organiques, d’AOS ont été calculés. Les produits détectés ont permis d’établir des mécanismes réactionnels
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are strongly emitted by forests and crops in the atmosphere. They are very reactive towards nitrate radical, the main tropospheric oxidant during the night, and play a key role in atmospheric chemistry. These reactions lead to the formation of a variety of functionalized products (organic nitrates, carbonyl compounds ...) and to large amounts of secondary organic aerosols. Organic nitrates are the main nitrogen oxides reservoir. They directly influence reactive nitrogen and ozone budgets. Secondary organic aerosol has direct and indirect impacts on climate, due to its formation, its optical and hygroscopic properties and its chemical composition. The aim of this work is to understand these processes at the molecular scale, through kinetic and mechanistic studies of NO3 radical oxidation of several BVOCs.Kinetic and mechanistic studies have been performed for three monoterpenes ((C10H16), γ- and α-terpinene and terpinolene) and one sesquiterpene ((C15H24), β-caryophyllene) in atmospheric simulation chambers. These compounds have been chosen to highlight the influence of their chemical structures on their reactivities and to fill the lack of experimental data about their chemistry in the literature.For the kinetic part, rate constants have been measured with both relative and absolute methods. Due to their high reactivities, this study has requiered the development on the simulation chamber of an IBB-CEAS ((Incoherent Broad Band Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy) analysis pathway to measure nitrate radical at the ppt level. Mechanistic studies have been also conducted to identify and quantify the main reaction products. Organic nitrates and SOA yields have been calculated. Detected products allowed proposing reaction mechanisms
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Books on the topic "Nitrate radicals"

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Hjorth, J. The nitrate radical No3: A night time atmospheric species. Luxembourg: Commission of theEuropean Communities, 1985.

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Wang, Haichao. The Chemistry of Nitrate Radical (NO3) and Dinitrogen Pentoxide (N2O5) in Beijing. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8795-5.

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Gori, Tommaso. New evidence concerning the role of oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide synthase dysfunction in the development of nitrate tolerance. 2003.

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(Editor), Ernst van Faassen, and Anatoly Vanin (Editor), eds. Radicals for Life: The various forms of nitric oxide. Elsevier Science, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nitrate radicals"

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Baciocchi, E., T. Del Giacco, S. M. Murgia, and G. V. Sebastiani. "Role of Nitrate Radical in the Nitrooxylation of Alkenes by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate." In Organic Free Radicals, 193–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7_96.

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Baciocchi, E., D. Intini, and C. Rol. "Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation Reaction of Thioethers by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate." In Organic Free Radicals, 169–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73963-7_84.

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Baciocchi, Enrico, and Renzo Ruzziconi. "Synthetic Applications of Substitution and Addition Reactions Promoted by Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate." In Free Radicals in Synthesis and Biology, 155–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0897-0_14.

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Burrows, J. P., T. Behmann, J. N. Crowley, D. Maric, A. Lastätter-Weißenmayer, G. K. Moortgat, D. Perner, and M. Weißenmayer. "Laboratory and Field Measurement Studies of the Tropospheric Chemistry of Nitrate and Peroxy Radicals." In Chemical Processes in Atmospheric Oxidation, 91–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59216-4_5.

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Wayne, Richard P., Pete Biggs, and Carlos E. Canosa-Mas. "Studies of the Kinetics and Mechanisms of Interactions of Nitrate and Peroxy Radicals of Tropospheric Interest." In Chemical Processes in Atmospheric Oxidation, 232–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59216-4_25.

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Vanin, A. F. "Nitrites and Nitrates as Exogenous Sources of Nitric Oxide in the Animal Organism." In Free Radicals in Biology and Environment, 351–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1607-9_26.

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Wayne, R. P., S. J. Smith, R. A. Cox, and I. W. Hall. "Laboratory Studies of the Nitrate Radical." In Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, 282–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3841-0_30.

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Nielsen, O. J., M. Donlon, H. W. Sidebottom, and J. J. Treacy. "Reactions of OH Radicals with Alkyl Nitrates." In Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, 309–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0567-2_47.

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Bagley, Jane A., Peter Biggs, Carlos Canosa-Mas, Mark R. Little, A. Douglas Parr, Stuart J. Smith, Steven J. Waygood, and Richard P. Wayne. "Temperature Dependence of Reactions of the Nitrate Radical with Alkanes." In Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, 328–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0567-2_50.

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Floyd, Robert A., Yashige Kotake, Kenneth Hensley, Dai Nakae, and Yoichi Konishi. "Reactive oxygen species in choline deficiency induced carcinogenesis and nitrone inhibition." In Oxygen/Nitrogen Radicals: Cell Injury and Disease, 195–203. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1087-1_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nitrate radicals"

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Pedersen, Thorvald. "Ozone destruction on sulphuric-acid aerosols involving hydrogen peroxide generated by nitrate radicals via sulphate radicals." In High Latitude Optics, edited by Knut H. Stamnes. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.163534.

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Cohen, Ronald C. "Nitrogen oxide radicals and organic nitrate photochemistry in Earth’s atmosphere." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2015.atu4j.1.

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Winer, Arthur M., and Heinz W. Biermann. "Measurements of nitrous acid, nitrate radicals, formaldehyde, and nitrogen dioxide for the Southern California Air Quality Study by differential optical absorption spectroscopy." In Optics, Electro-Optics, and Laser Applications in Science and Engineering, edited by Harold I. Schiff. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.46152.

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Changala, Bryan, John Stanton, and Joshua Baraban. "ROVIBRONIC VARIATIONAL CALCULATIONS OF THE NITRATE RADICAL." In 70th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2015.th11.

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Stanton, John. "MULTISTATE VIBRONIC HAMILTONIAN FOR THE NITRATE RADICAL." In 69th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2014.mi15.

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Stanton, John. "THE ELECTRONIC GROUND STATE OF THE NITRATE RADICAL: A DECADE OF CONTROVERSY." In 72nd International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2017.mg01.

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Stanton, John, and Lan Cheng. "AB INITIO CALCULATION FOR THE SPIN-ORBIT SPLITTINGS OF THE NITRATE RADICAL (NO3)." In 69th International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2014.mi16.

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Ikeda, Hiroya, Daisuke Matsushita, Shinya Naito, Kenji Ohmori Akira Sakai, Shigeaki Zaima, and Yukio Yasuda. "Growth Processes and Electrical Characteristics of Silicon Nitride Films Formed on Si(100) by Radical Nitrogen." In 2001 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2001.b-6-6.

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Yamaguchi, Tomohiro, Tsutomu Araki, and Yasushi Nanishi. "Growth and fabrication of InN-based III-nitride device structure using droplet elimination process by radical beam irradiation." In SPIE OPTO, edited by Jen-Inn Chyi, Yasushi Nanishi, Hadis Morkoç, Joachim Piprek, and Euijoon Yoon. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.874840.

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Cangussu, Arthur Henrique Magela, and Leonardo Baptista. "Estudo teórico da nitração de anéis aromáticos em fase gasosa." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol202013.

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Nitro-aromatics compounds are more toxic and cancerous than their aromatics parents. Unfortunately, these compounds were identified in Diesel engines emissions and in particulate matter collected in urban areas. By these reasons, the present project aims to investigate the gas phase mechanism of the aromatic nitration following two proposals found in the literature. The proposed mechanisms have been studied by methods based on density functional theory: M06-2X, B3LYP and B2PLYP. Further, the electronic energy of all molecules that take part in the mechanism has been corrected by CCSD(T) method. All study was performed with cc-pVTZ basis set. The results showed that reactions between phenil radical and NO2 proceeds without a barrier forming a vibrational and rotational excited nitrobenzene. The evaluated Arrhenius parameters indicates that the formation of benzene nitrite is faster than the formation of nitrobenzene, while the reaction path initialized by OH addition to the aromatic ring, it is only important at high temperatures. The partial results indicate the formation of nitrophenol during the combustion, in agreement with experimental evidences.
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Reports on the topic "Nitrate radicals"

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Shukla, Manoj K., Luidmyla K. Sviatenko, Sergly I. Okovytyy, Danuta Leszczynska, and Jerzy Leszczynski. Catalytic Role of Solvated Electron in the Spontaneous Degradation of Insensitive Munition Compounds : Computational Chemistry Investigation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41122.

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The DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole), NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), and NQ (nitroguanidine) are important insensitive energetic materials used in military applications. They may find their way to the environment during manufacturing, transportation, storage, training, and disposal. A detailed investigation of possible mechanisms for self-degradation of radical-anions formed by addition of solvated electron to DNAN, NTO, and NQ species was performed by computational study using the PCM(Pauling)/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) approach. Obtained results suggest that only NQ radical-anion is able for self-degradation by elimination of nitrite anion. Formation of urea radical on the earlier stage of the NQ radical-anion degradation was also predicted.
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Jochen Stutz. Nitrogen Oxides in the Nocturnal Boundary Layer: Chemistry of Nitrous Acid (HONO) and the Nitrate Radical (N03). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878475.

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