Academic literature on the topic 'Nitrate de calcium'

This research was designed to investigate the hydration reaction of fly ash when exposed to water. The effects that calcium nitrate and calcium formate have on the hydration reactions were also examined.

Orientador: Kleber Tomás de Resende<br>Coorientador: Marcia Helena Machado da Rocha Fernandes<br>Banca: Rafael Canonenco de Araújo<br>Banca: Carla Joice Härter<br>Resumo: O nitrato de cálcio encapsulado (NCE) tem sido estudado nos últimos anos como uma fonte de nitrogênio não proteico (NNP) e representa uma alternativa ao uso do hidrogênio livre no ambiente ruminal, reduzindo assim a emissão de metano e possibilitando uma maior eficiência no uso da energia. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o uso do nitrato de cálcio encapsulado como substituto do farelo de soja na partição de energia, oxidação do substrato e síntese de N microbiano. Para isso, doze caprinos machos castrados em crescimento, com peso inicial de 21,95 kg ± 3,19 kg foram usados em um quadrado latino 3 x 3 quadruplicado com três períodos de 48 dias, agrupados pelo peso corporal e distribuídos aleatoriamente em um dos três tratamentos ECN0(SBM) - controle baseado em farelo de soja; ECN1.25 - 1,25% de NCE na matéria seca; ECN2.5 - 2,5% de NCE na matéria seca. Cada período consistia de 21 dias de adaptação, 5 dias de ensaio de metabolismo e 15 dias de mensuração de gases. Entre os períodos foi feito um washout de 7 dias onde todos os animais recebiam a dieta controle. Os dados foram analizados usando o procedimento MIXED do SAS (versão 9.4; SAS Inst., Cary, NC, USA). O modelo usado foi Yjkm: μ + LSi + Periodj + Ani(LS)ki + Treatm + єijkm. Quando significante, o efeito de níveis de NCE foi decomposto em dois contrastes polinomiais ortogonais (linear e quadrático). A significância declarada foi de P < 0,05. As variáveis de produção de calor (PC) e produção de calor em je... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Encapsulated calcium nitrate (ECN) has been studied in last years as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and represents an alternative to use of free hydrogen in the ruminal environment, thus reducing the emission of methane and a higher efficiency in use of energy. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the impact of the use of encapsulated calcium nitrate as a substitute for soybean meal in the energy partition, substrate oxidation, and microbial N synthesis. For this, twelve castrated male growing goats, with initial average weight of 21.95 kg ± 3.19 kg were used in a quadruplicated 3 x 3 Latin square design with three 48-d periods, grouped by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to three diets: ECN0(SBM) - control based on soybean meal; ECN1.25 - 1.25% of encapsulated calcium nitrate (ECN) on dry matter (DM) basis; ECN2.5 - 2.5% of ECN on DM basis. Each period comprised 21 days for adaptation, five days for metabolism trial (d22 to d26) and 15 days for gas measurements (d27 to d38). Between periods, a washout period was provided for 7 d during which the control diet was fed. The data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS (version 9.4; SAS Inst., Cary, NC, USA). The model used for each treatment was the following: Yjkm: μ + LSi + Periodj + Ani(LS)ki + Treatm + єijkm. When significant, the effect of levels of ECN was decomposed into two orthogonal polynomial contrasts (linear and quadratic). Significance was declared at P < 0.05. The heat production (HP) and fas... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre

The effect of various concentrations of calcium nitrate and calcium chloride on the primary root (radicle) growth of cotton seed at a suboptimal temperature was evaluated 14 days after imbibition onset under laboratory conditions. Both forms of calcium at concentrations up to 10 mM enhanced cotton seed radicle growth at 15 C.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-08-29T13:39:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Ederson_Bugatti2016.pdf: 1227431 bytes, checksum: ecc408ae972a5ec71f17bd55f9cbb474 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T13:39:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ederson_Bugatti2016.pdf: 1227431 bytes, checksum: ecc408ae972a5ec71f17bd55f9cbb474 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-03<br>The generation of hatchery waste has been following the significant increase in poultry activity in Brazil. Due to this waste being aggressive to handle and of difficult recovery of nutrients, especially calcium, chemical treatments may be the solution. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of calcium recovery contained in hatchery waste through reaction with phosphoric and nitric acids in different concentrations. Besides the yield in calcium solubilization, pH and electric conductivity of the liquid fraction from the reaction were determined, as well as the yield of final product derived from lyophilization, probably dicalcium phosphate and calcium nitrate, both products of agronomic, nutritional, and commercial values. The most interesting results considering the yield of calcium solubilization were obtained using phosphoric acid in higher concentrations, i.e. 100 and 90%, namely 84.8 and 78.8%. For the nitric acid, the highest yields were obtained at concentrations of 100, 90, and 80%, with average scores of 72.2, 71.6, and 68.5% respectively. The yield of salt from the reaction with the acid was 2.5 and 2.4 tons of dicalcium phosphate per ton of waste hatchery (dry weight) and 2.0, 1.8 and 1.7 tons of calcium nitrate by tons of hatchery waste (dry mass). It was concluded that phosphoric acid at 100% was more efficient in the recovery of calcium contained in the hatchery waste, although nitric acid promotes further degradation of other components of hatchery waste, which generates a liquid fraction with higher electrical conductivity.<br>A geração de resíduos de incubatório acompanha o expressivo aumento da atividade avícola do Brasil. Em função de ser um resíduo agressivo ao manejo e de difícil recuperação dos nutrientes nele contido, principalmente o cálcio, tratamentos químicos podem ser a solução. Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade da recuperação do cálcio contido nos resíduos de incubatório por meio da reação com os ácidos fosfórico e nítrico em diferentes concentrações. Além do rendimento na solubilização do cálcio, determinou-se o pH e a condutividade elétrica da fração líquida provenientes das reações e o rendimento do produto final derivado da liofilização desta fração, provavelmente o fosfato bicálcico e o nitrato de cálcio, ambos produtos comerciais com valores agronômico e nutricional. Os resultados mais interessantes, considerando o rendimento da solubilização do cálcio, foram obtidos com o uso do ácido fosfórico nas maiores concentrações, ou seja, 100 e 90%, a saber, 84,8 e 78,8%. Para o ácido nítrico, os maiores rendimentos foram obtidos nas concentrações de 100, 90 e 80%, com resultados médios de 72,2, 71,6 e 68,5%, respectivamente. O rendimento do sal proveniente da reação com os ácidos foi de 2,5 e 2,4 toneladas de fosfato bicálcico por tonelada de resíduo de incubatório (massa seca) e 2,0, 1,8 e 1,7 toneladas de nitrato de cálcio por tonelada de resíduo de incubatório (massa seca). Concluiu-se que o ácido fosfórico na concentração de 100% foi mais eficiente na recuperação do cálcio contido nos resíduos de incubatório, embora o ácido nítrico promova uma maior degradação de outros componentes do resíduo de incubatório, o que gera uma fração líquida com maior condutividade elétrica.

U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji proučavano je građenje kompleksa&nbsp;kobalta(II) sa hloridnim i &nbsp;bromidnim jonima u vodenim&nbsp;rastopima tipa&nbsp;xCa(NO3)2&middot;zH₂O&nbsp;&ndash; (1-x)NH₄NO_3&nbsp;pri različitom sastavu soli (x= 0,3 &ndash; 0,9), različitom sadržaju vode (z= 2,67 &ndash; 6,67) i na različitim temperaturama (45, 55 i 65^oC).Istraživanja su imala za cilj proučavanje reakcije građenja&nbsp;kompleksa kobalta(II) sa hloridnim i bromidnim jonima u&nbsp;vodenim rastopima xCa(NO₃)₂&middot;zH₂O &ndash; (1&ndash;x)NH₄NO₃, &nbsp;uticaja&nbsp;temperature, sastava elektrolita i sadržaja vode na proces&nbsp;kompleksiranja, kao i određivanje termodinamičkih parametara&nbsp;koji karakteri&scaron;u reakcije asocijacije u ovim sistemima. Ovakvi&nbsp;rastopi soli su posebno interesantni zbog svoje niske tačke&nbsp;topljenja i visoke latentne toplote topljenja pa se mogu koristiti&nbsp;kao fazno-promenljivi materijali za skladi&scaron;tenje toplotne&nbsp;energije.<br>In this thesis absorption spectra of cobalt(II) chloride and&nbsp;bromide in calcium nitrate &ndash; ammonium nitrate &ndash; water&nbsp;system of the composition&nbsp; xCa(NO₃)₂&middot;zH₂O &ndash; (1&ndash;x)NH₄NO_3&nbsp;(x= 0.30 - 0.90 and z= 2.67 &ndash; 6.67) have been&nbsp;investigated in the wavelength range 400-800 nm at three&nbsp;different temperatures: 45, 55 and 65^oC.Temparature, composition of the melt and water&nbsp;content influence on complex formation reactions between&nbsp;cobalt(II) and halide ions in aqueous xCa(NO₃)₂&middot;zH₂O &ndash;(1&ndash;x)NH₄NO₃ melts have been studied. Thermodynamic&nbsp;parameters for cobalt(II) &ndash; halide association process in&nbsp;different solvents also were determined.Investigated systems are interesting because of&nbsp;their high values of latent heat of fusion and low melting&nbsp;points. Due to these reasons, some melts are proposed for&nbsp;heat energy storage materials, usually known as phase&nbsp;change materials (PCM).

To combat excessive vine vigor, many vintners have employed intensive cover cropping techniques. While cover crops provide a multitude of benefits to the farming system, they can compete for nutrients and water. The seemingly ubiquitous adoption of cover crops in the Eastern United States has led to vines and grape musts which are deficient in nitrogen (N). A must that is deficient in yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) can lead to the production of off aromas and stuck or sluggish fermentations. It has also been suggested that musts with limited amino nitrogen sources can result in wines with less fruity aromas than those with a higher starting amino acid content. Varying rates of calcium nitrate were applied to the soil at bloom and foliar urea was sprayed at a Sauvignon blanc and Petit Manseng (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard. Perennial White and Crimson clover as well as foliar urea applications at véraison were utilized at a Vidal blanc (Vitis spp.) site. Foliar urea was effective at significantly increasing YANs in all experiments with some year to year variation in efficacy. Foliar urea applications slightly favored the production of ammonia over primary amino nitrogen. While most of the measured amino acids in fruit increased in concentration with the application of either soil or foliar N, foliar applications were more effective at increasing fruit amino acids. Of the amino acids measured, arginine and glutamine were the most increased by foliar urea applications, whereas proline was relatively unaffected. The use of clover as a perennial under-vine cover crop did not increase berry YAN. The application of foliar urea sprays may present an effective means by which vintners can easily increase must YANs and amino acid contents.<br>Master of Science in Life Sciences

Objetivou-se avaliar o uso de nitrato de cálcio (NC) na alimentação de ruminantes com vistas à mitigação da emissão de metano. Foram utilizadas quatro fêmeas de cada subespécie, Bos taurus taurus (Holandês) e vBos taurus indicus (Nelore), com peso médio inicial de 909,0 kg &#177; 72,0 e 387,0 kg &#177; 25,5, respectivamente, alimentadas com diferentes níveis de nitrato de cálcio na dieta (0%, 1%, 2% e 3%), sendo utilizado delineamento quadrado latino 4X4 replicado. O experimento teve duração de 4 períodos de 28 dias cada. Foram avaliados, a ingestão, excreção e digestibilidade de nutrientes, por meio de marcador externo dióxido de titânio, o comportamento ingestivo, com monitoramento visual por 24 horas, parâmetros sanguíneos, dinâmica ruminal, com esvaziamento total do rumen, contagem de protozoários, fermentação ruminal, pela técnica ex-situ, parâmetros urinários e balanço de nitrogênio, com coleta manual de urina tipo spot, e a biodigestão dos dejetos, por biodigestores do tipo batelada. Os taurinos apresentaram valores superiores para CMS, ingestão e digestibilidade de nutrientes e excreção de MS, PB, FDN, FDA, N, MO e EB, e inferiores para CMS em relação ao PV e PM. Os zebuínos apresentaram maiores taxas de ingestão, ruminação e mastigação de MS e FDN em min/kg, tendo valores inferiores para as mesmas taxas em kg/min. A genética e a dose de nitrato influenciaram as variáveis séricas, porém sem valores fora da normalidade. Quanto à dinâmica ruminal, os taurinos apresentaram valores absolutos superiores, e valores em relação ao PV e PM inferiores. Os zebuínos apresentaram maiores pH médio e mínimo e menos tempo de pH abaixo de 6,2, e maior contagem de protozoários. As concentrações de N-NH3, volume e produção de CH4 foram maiores para os zebuínos. Os taurinos apresentaram valores mais elevados para N microbiano (g/dia) e balanço de N retido (g/kg N ingerido), e menores valores para balanço de N nas fezes (g/kgN ingerido) e N microbiano (mg/kgPM.d-1). O aumento no nível de NC na dieta aumentou a digestibilidade de EE e ENN, tempo médio ruminando e taxa de mastigação de MS e FDN (min/kg), e diminuiu o CMS em relação ao PV e PM e excreção de MS, EE, ENN, MO e EB. A taxa de ingestão de MS e FDN (kg/min), a concentração de creatinina na urina (mg/kgPV), o tempo total comendo e balanço de nitrogênio amoniacal o rúmen sofreram efeito quadrático com a adição de NC na dieta. A porcentagem de FDN, PB e EE nos afluentes dos bidigestores sofreram influência da dose de nitrato na alimentação das vacas. Os biodigestores contendo os dejetos de taurinos tiveram os afluentes com maiores valores de FDN e FDA e menor teor de sólidos totais (ST), com menor volume de biogás e CH4 e menor relação de CH4/quantidade de fezes. Os taurinos apresentaram melhor aproveitamento do alimento, produzindo menos CH4, com menor rendimento verdadeiro de produção de metano nos biodigestores. A adição de NC afetou o consumo, digestibilidade e utilização do nitrogênio porém, sem afetar a produção de CH4 nem a eficiencia dos biodigestores.<br>The aim of the present study was evaluate the use of calcium nitrate in the feeding of ruminants to mitigate of methane. Four females cattle from each subspecies of cattle, Bos taurus taurus (Holstein) and Bos taurus indicus (Nellore), with initial average weight of 909,0 kg &#177; 72,0 e 387,0 kg &#177; 25,5, respectively, were used, and they were fed with distinct levels of calcium nitrate in the diet (0%, 1%, 2% e 3%) at four periods of 28 days each. Experimental design was composed by a replicated Latin square 4X4. Were avaluated: ingestion, excretion and digestibility of nutrients, by means of external marker titanium dioxide; the observation of behavior parameters during 24 hours; serum analysis; rumen content collection, aiming assessment of fermentation; protozoa count; ruminal fermentation by the ex-situ technique; manual urine collection for measurement of urinary compounds and nitrogen balance; and the anaerobic digestion of feces using batch digesters. Holsteins presented higher values for the DMI, ingestion and digestibility of the nutrients and excretion of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, N, OM e GE, and lower values for DMI at body weight (BW) and metabolic weight (MW) basis. Nellore cattle showed higher rates of ingestion, rumination and chewing of DM e NDF min/kg, having lower values for the same rates in kg/min. Serum variables were influenced by genetics and nitrate levels, but without values beyond normality. As rumen dynamics, Holsteins presented superior absolute values and inferior values when these parameters were calculated in BW and MW basis. The zebu cattle presented medium and minimum pH larger and less time pH below 6.2, having larger count for protozoa count. Nellore had higher concentrations for NH3, CH4 and production of CH4. Holstein presented higher values for microbial N (g/day) and N retained balance (g/kg N ingested) and lower values for N balance in feces (g/kgN ingested) and microbial N (mg/kgMW.d-1). The increase in the level of CN in the diet increased linearly the digestibility of EE and NNE, average time ruminating, chewing rate for DM and NDF (min/kg), and decreased the DMI in BW and MW basis and the excretion of DM, EE, NNE, OM and GE. The intake rate of DM and NDF kg/min, creatinine in urine (mg/kgBW), the total time eating and NH3 balance showed quadratic effect by increasing the addition of CN in the diet. The levels of nitrate on animal feed influenced the percentage of NDF, CP and EE in the batch digesters afluents. The biodigestors containing the taurine feces presented the highest values of NDF/ ADF affluent and lowest values for total solids (TS), lower volume of biogas and CH4 and lower ratio of CH4/amount of feces. Taurines presented better use of the feed, producing lesser CH4, and lower ultimate methane yield at batch digesters. The CN levels affected the intake, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism, however without affecting the production of CH4 or the batch digester efficiency.