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Journal articles on the topic 'NIR emission'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Vequizo, Junie Jhon M., Sunao Kamimura, Teruhisa Ohno, and Akira Yamakata. "Oxygen induced enhancement of NIR emission in brookite TiO2 powders: comparison with rutile and anatase TiO2 powders." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 5 (2018): 3241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp06975h.

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2

Vetrone, Fiorenzo. "(Invited) Luminescent Lanthanide Doped Nanoparticles." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 20 (July 7, 2022): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01201100mtgabs.

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In the last decade, the field of lanthanide doped upconverting nanoparticles has vastly matured, progressing from the basic understanding of the photophysical properties governing their nanoscale luminescence, to their use in the study of a number of fundamental properties and ultimately to a plethora of applications, with considerable focus in biology and medicine. This interest stems primarily from the ability to stimulate these luminescent nanoparticles with near-infrared (NIR) light as well as their diverse emission wavelengths spanning the UV to the NIR. Therefore, with a single NIR excitation wavelength, it is possible to observe anti-Stokes emission, known as upconversion, or single photon (Stokes) NIR emission. Here, we present our work on the synthesis and surface functionalization of various NIR excited (and emitting) core/shell lanthanide doped nanostructures/nanoplatforms and demonstrate how their various emissions could be harnessed for applications in biology and nanomedicine. Moreover, we investigate how these functional nanoparticles could be rendered even more versatile through rational combination with other NIR excited optical nanostructures.

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Zhang, Xiang Ling, Ming Liu, Xin Zhao, and Hai Lin. "Near-Infrared Emissions of Sm³⁺ in Li₂O-K₂O-BaO-PbO-Bi₂O₃-Ga₂O₃ Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1121.

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μNear-infrared (NIR) emissions have been observed in Sm3+doped low phonon energy heavy-metal-gallate glasses. The full-widths at half-maximum (FWHMs) of three fluorescence bands peaking at 960, 1038, and 1185 nm were derived to be 31, 36, and 42 nm, respectively, and the spontaneous transition probabilities were calculated to be 66, 16, and 6 s-1. Maximum stimulated emission cross-sections ( σem) for NIR transition emissions were obtained to be 4.22´10-22, 1.37´10-22, and 0.71´10-22cm2, respectively. Investigations on multi-channel NIR transition emissions of Sm3+, especially on the ~1.19 μm emission, which lies in the low-loss wavelength region of transmission window, are beneficial for potential applications in infrared optoelectronic devices.

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4

Nelson-Avery, Bonnie A., and David C. Tilotta. "Near-Infrared Molecular Emission from a Gas Fountain." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 12 (December 1994): 1461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944027895.

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An electrothermal fountain is used to heat gas-phase samples in the range of 300 to 400°C in order to observe their near-infrared (NIR) emissions. In conjunction with the fountain, a 1/8-m Ebert monochromator and an uncooled PbS detector are shown to be sufficiently sensitive for recording the NIR fingerprints of CH4, CO2, N2O, and C2H6. At fountain temperatures of approximately 400°C, the molecular emission is confined to the long wavelength NIR region (1600–2500 nm) and yields limits of detection in the range of 4 to 10% v/v (3–10 mg/s). Reproducibilities have relative standard deviations of 3.0%. The calibration curves for the gases examined in this study have small linear dynamic ranges (factors of 2 to 10) and exhibit some degree of upward curvature. Ramifications of the application of NIR molecular emission spectroscopy to the qualitative and quantitative analyses of mixtures are discussed.

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Xiang, Song, Min Zhang, Tixian Zeng, Jiang Chen, and Feiquan Zhang. "Optimizing Broadband Near-Infrared Emission in Bi/Sn-Doped Aluminosilicate Glass by Modulating Glass Composition." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060921.

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The Bi/Sn-doped aluminosilicate glass samples were prepared using a melting–quenching method and their near-infrared (NIR) emission properties were studied. An ultra-broadband NIR emission ranging from 950 nm to 1600 nm was observed in all samples under 480 nm excitation, which covered the whole fiber low-loss window. The NIR emission spectrum showed that the maximum emission peak was about 1206 nm and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) was about 220 nm. Furthermore, the NIR emission intensity strongly depends on the composition of the glass, which can be optimized by modulating the glass composition. The Bi0 and Bi+ ions were the NIR luminescence source of the glass samples in this paper. The Bi/Sn-doped aluminosilicate glass has the potential to become a new type of core fiber material and to be applied to optical fiber amplifiers (OFAs), based on its excellent performance in ultra-broadband NIR emission.

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Juvela, Mika, Sharma Neha, Emma Mannfors, Mika Saajasto, Nathalie Ysard, and Veli-Matti Pelkonen. "Dust emission, extinction, and scattering in LDN 1642." Astronomy & Astrophysics 643 (November 2020): A132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038611.

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Context. LDN 1642 is a rare example of a star-forming, high-latitude molecular cloud. The dust emission of LDN 1642 has already been studied extensively in the past, but its location also makes it a good target for studies of light scattering. Aims. We wish to study the near-infrared (NIR) light scattering in LDN 1642, its correlation with the cloud structure, and the ability of dust models to simultaneously explain observations of sub-millimetre dust emission, NIR extinction, and NIR scattering. Methods. We used observations made with the HAWK-I instrument to measure the NIR surface brightness and extinction in LDN 1642. These data were compared with Herschel observations of dust emission and, with the help of radiative transfer modelling, with the predictions calculated for different dust models. Results. We find, for LDN 1642, an optical depth ratio τ(250 μm)∕τ(J) ≈ 10−3, confirming earlier findings of enhanced sub-millimetre emissivity. The relationships between the column density derived from dust emission and the NIR colour excesses are linear and consistent with the shape of the standard NIR extinction curve. The extinction peaks at AJ = 2.6 mag, and the NIR surface brightness remains correlated with N(H2) without saturation. Radiative transfer models are able to fit the sub-millimetre data with any of the tested dust models. However, these predict an NIR extinction that is higher and an NIR surface brightness that is lower than based on NIR observations. If the dust sub-millimetre emissivity is rescaled to the observed value of τ(250 μm)∕τ(J), dust models with high NIR albedo can reach the observed level of NIR surface brightness. The NIR extinction of the models tends to be higher than in the direct extinction measurements, which is also reflected in the shape of the NIR surface brightness spectra. Conclusions. The combination of emission, extinction, and scattering measurements provides strong constraints on dust models. The observations of LDN 1642 indicate clear dust evolution, including a strong increase in the sub-millimetre emissivity, which has not been fully explained by the current dust models yet.

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Wang, Qi, Xinmin Zhang, Youguang Tang, Yanwei Xiong, Xu Wang, Chunlai Li, Tangxin Xiao, Feng Lu, and Mengze Xu. "High-Performance Hybrid Phototheranostics for NIR-IIb Fluorescence Imaging and NIR-II-Excitable Photothermal Therapy." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 8 (July 27, 2023): 2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082027.

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Photothermal therapy operated in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) window and fluorescence imaging in the NIR-IIb (1500–1700 nm) region have become the most promising techniques in phototheranostics. Their combination enables simultaneous high-resolution optical imaging and deep-penetrating phototherapy, which is essential for high-performance phototheranostics. Herein, carboxyl-functionalized small organic photothermal molecules (Se-TC) and multi-layered NIR-IIb emissive rare-earth-doped nanoparticles (NaYF4:Yb,Er,Ce@NaYF4:Yb,Nd@NaYF4, RENP) were rationally designed and successfully synthesized. Then, high-performance hybrid phototheranostic nanoagents (Se-TC@RENP@F) were easily constructed through the coordination between Se-TC and RENP and followed by subsequent F127 encapsulation. The carboxyl groups of Se-TC can offer strong binding affinity towards rare-earth-doped nanoparticles, which help improving the stability of Se-TC@RENP@F. The multilayered structure of RENP largely enhance the NIR-IIb emission under 808 nm excitation. The obtained Se-TC@RENP@F exhibited high 1064 nm absorption (extinction coefficient: 24.7 L g−1 cm−1), large photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE, 36.9%), good NIR-IIb emission (peak: 1545 nm), as well as great photostability. Upon 1064 nm laser irradiation, high hyperthermia can be achieved to kill tumor cells efficiently. In addition, based on the excellent NIR-IIb emission of Se-TC@RENP@F, in vivo angiography and tumor detection can be realized. This work provides a distinguished paradigm for NIR-IIb-imaging-guided NIR-II photothermal therapy and establishes an artful strategy for high-performance phototheranostics.

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Zako, Tamotsu, Hiroshi Hyodo, Kosuke Tsuji, Kimikazu Tokuzen, Hidehiro Kishimoto, Masaaki Ito, Kazuhiro Kaneko, Mizuo Maeda, and Kohei Soga. "Development of Near Infrared-Fluorescent Nanophosphors and Applications for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy." Journal of Nanomaterials 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/491471.

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The use of near infrared (NIR) light for biomedical photonics in the wavelength region between 800 and 2000 nm, which is called “biological window”, has received particular attention since water and biological tissues have minimal optical loss due to scattering and absorption as well as autofluorescence in this region. Recent development of InGaAs CCD enables observations in this wavelength region. In the present paper, we report development of Yb and Er-doped yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3:YbEr-NP) which show strong NIR emission under NIR excitation (NIR-NIR emission). We also demonstrate that NIR emission can be observed through swine colon wall. Based on these results, we propose a possible application ofY2O3:YbEr-NP for cancer diagnosis and therapy using NIR-NIR imaging system. Our results also suggest potential applications ofY2O3:YbEr-NP for noninvasive detection of various diseases.

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Cai, Guanyu, Teresa Delgado, Cyrille Richard, and Bruno Viana. "ZGSO Spinel Nanoparticles with Dual Emission of NIR Persistent Luminescence for Anti-Counterfeiting Applications." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 28, 2023): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031132.

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The property of persistent luminescence shows great potential for anti-counterfeiting technology and imaging by taking advantage of a background-free signal. Current anti-counterfeiting technologies face the challenge of low security and the inconvenience of being limited to visible light emission, as emitters in the NIR optical windows are required for such applications. Here, we report the preparation of a series of Zn1+xGa2−2xSnxO4 nanoparticles (ZGSO NPs) with persistent luminescence in the first and second near-infrared window to overcome these challenges. ZGSO NPs, doped with transition-metal (Cr3+ and/or Ni2+) and in some cases co-doped with rare-earth (Er3+) ions, were successfully prepared using an improved solid-state method with a subsequent milling process to reach sub-200 nm size particles. X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy were used for the analysis of the structure and local crystal field around the dopant ions at different Sn4+/Ga3+ ratios. The size of the NPs was ~150 nm, measured by DLS. Doped ZGSO NPs exhibited intense photoluminescence in the range from red, NIR-I to NIR-II, and even NIR-III, under UV radiation, and showed persistent luminescence at 700 nm (NIR-I) and 1300 nm (NIR-II) after excitation removal. Hence, these NPs were evaluated for multi-level anti-counterfeiting technology.

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MacRae, C. M., N. C. Wilson, A. Torpy, and C. J. Davidson. "Hyperspectral Cathodoluminescence Imaging and Analysis Extending from Ultraviolet to Near Infrared." Microscopy and Microanalysis 18, no. 6 (November 20, 2012): 1239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927612013505.

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AbstractThe measurement of near-infrared (NIR) cathodoluminescence (CL) with sufficient sensitivity to allow full spectral mapping has been investigated through the application of optimized grating spectrometers that allow the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and NIR CL spectra to be measured simultaneously. Two optical spectrometers have been integrated into an electron microprobe, allowing simultaneous collection of hyperspectral CL (UV-NIR), characteristic X-rays, and electron signals. Combined hyperspectral CL spectra collected from two natural apatite (Ca5[PO4]3[OH,F]) samples from Wilberforce (Ontario, Canada) and Durango (Mexico) were qualitatively analyzed to identify the emission centers and then deconvoluted pixel-by-pixel using least-squares fitting to produce a series of ion-resolved CL intensity maps. Preliminary investigation of apatite has shown strong NIR emissions associated primarily with the rare-earth element Nd. Details of growth and alteration were revealed in the NIR that were not discernable with electron-induced X-ray mapping. Intense emission centers from Nd3+ and Sm3+ were observed in the spectra from both apatites, along with minor emissions from other 3+ rare-earth elements. Quantitative electron probe microanalysis was performed on points within the mapped area of the Durango apatite to produce a calibration line relating cathodoluminescent intensity of the fitted peak centered at 1,073 nm (1.156 eV) to the Nd concentration.

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11

Bulach, Véronique, Fabien Sguerra, and Mir Wais Hosseini. "Porphyrin lanthanide complexes for NIR emission." Coordination Chemistry Reviews 256, no. 15-16 (August 2012): 1468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2012.02.027.

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12

Marciniak, L., and A. Bednarkiewicz. "Nanocrystalline NIR-to-NIR luminescent thermometer based on Cr3+,Yb3+ emission." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 243 (May 2017): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.12.006.

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13

Jiang, Jia-Yang, Zi-Han Xu, Tang Li, Da-Hua Cai, Hui Zhou, and Ze-Jing Chen. "Deep NIR-I Emissive Iridium(III) Complex Bearing D-A Ligand: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and DFT/TDDFT Calculation." Crystals 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091038.

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Near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes have been demonstrated to possess photophysical properties superior to those of traditional NIR dyes. However, the NIR emission wavelength is restricted in the range of 700–800 nm. For realizing deeper NIR emission, a novel type of iridium(III) complex was designed and synthesized in this work. The main ligand of the iridium(III) complex was constructed using a donor-acceptor structure containing benzothiophene as the donor and quinoxaline as the acceptor. The β-diketone derivative was chosen as the auxiliary ligand owing to its symmetrical structure and p-donating character. The complex exhibits deep NIR-I phosphorescence (764 nm in CH2Cl2, 811 nm in aqueous solution) and broad full width at half maximum (108 nm in CH2Cl2, 154 nm in aqueous solution). Theoretical calculations based on the density function and time-dependent density function were carried out to support the experimental data. Moreover, in vitro biological performance of the complex was determined as well. This work supports the possibility that via a systematic transformation between the D and A units, the photophysical performance of NIR emissive iridium(III) complexes can be greatly improved.

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Song, Zhen, and Quan Lin Liu. "(Digital Presentation) Cr-Doped High-Efficiency Broadband Near-Infrared Luminescent Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 51 (October 9, 2022): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02511971mtgabs.

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Cr-doped high efficiency broadband near-infrared (NIR) luminescent materials have attracted huge research interests in food analysis, plant growth, night vision and biomedical imaging owing to their invisibility and characteristic absorptions by certain molecules. Transition metal element Cr3+ with [Ar]3d3 configuration serves as an ideal activator for broadband NIR emission due to the broad absorption bands in the blue and orange-red spectral regions, among which the blue band matches well with the commercial blue LED chips. Besides, the NIR emissions of Cr3+-doped phosphors are greatly affected by the crystal field strength of the matrix lattice. In the weak crystal field, the spin-allowed 4T2 → 4A2 transitions give out the preferable wide-band emissions. However, the NIR luminescence of Cr3+ encounters several problems aiming at further developments. The materials with main emission peak beyond 800 nm are lacking. Meanwhile, the quantum efficiency and thermal luminescence stability need improvement to fulfil the application requirements. Also, it remains a challenge to predict the Cr3+ luminescence by crystal-field theory theoretically. To address those problems, we introduce several high-efficiency Cr3+ doped materials with distinct crystal structures, such as SrGa12O19:Cr3+, LaMgGa11O19:Cr3+, LiInGe2O6:Cr3+, and Sr2ScSbO6:Cr3+, together with the structural confinement strategy to improve the NIR performance. The further research topic including the local structure is also discussed.

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Marciniak, Lukasz, Artur Bednarkiewicz, and Karolina Elzbieciak. "NIR–NIR photon avalanche based luminescent thermometry with Nd3+ doped nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 28 (2018): 7568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01553h.

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Here, we show an unprecedented approach to luminescent T sensing, which relies on highly temperature dependent nonresonant 1064 nm NIR photoexcitation and a 890 nm anti-Stokes avalanche-like NIR emission from Nd³⁺ doped nanoparticles.

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Vittadello, Laura, Jan Klenen, Karsten Koempe, Laura Kocsor, Zsuzsanna Szaller, and Mirco Imlau. "NIR-to-NIR Imaging: Extended Excitation Up to 2.2 μm Using Harmonic Nanoparticles with a Tunable hIGh EneRgy (TIGER) Widefield Microscope." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123193.

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Near-infrared (NIR) marker-based imaging is of growing importance for deep tissue imaging and is based on a considerable reduction of optical losses at large wavelengths. We aim to extend the range of NIR excitation wavelengths particularly to values beyond 1.6 μm in order to profit from the low loss biological windows NIR-III and NIR-IV. We address this task by studying NIR-excitation to NIR-emission conversion and imaging in the range of 1200 up to 2400 nm at the example of harmonic Mg-doped lithium niobate nanoparticles (i) using a nonlinear diffuse femtosecond-pulse reflectometer and (ii) a Tunable hIGh EneRgy (TIGER) widefield microscope. We successfully demonstrate the existence of appropriate excitation/emission configurations in this spectral region taking harmonic generation into account. Moreover, NIR-imaging using the most striking configurations NIR-III to NIR-I, based on second harmonic generation (SHG), and NIR-IV to NIR-I, based on third harmonic generation (THG), is demonstrated with excitation wavelengths from 1.6–1.8 μm and from 2.1–2.2 μm, respectively. The advantages of the approach and the potential to additionally extend the emission range up to 2400 nm, making use of sum frequency generation (SFG) and difference frequency generation (DFG), are discussed.

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Li, Xiaoman, Mingying Peng, Jiangkun Cao, Zhongmin Yang, and Shanhui Xu. "Distribution and stabilization of bismuth NIR centers in Bi-doped aluminosilicate laser glasses by managing glass network structure." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 29 (2018): 7814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01042k.

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Bismuth NIR emission centers can be stabilized or destabilized by a local excess charge model, and their emissions can be enhanced within lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses by managing the glass structure.

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18

Hu, Chao, Tengyu Guo, Huizhou Li, Pengfei Xu, and Yudong Xiao. "A novel NIR-II probe for improved tumor-targeting NIR-II imaging." RSC Advances 11, no. 62 (2021): 39287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra07135a.

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19

Sudhakar Reddy, B., and S. Buddhudu. "Optical Analysis of RE³⁺: Boro-Fluoro-Phosphate Glasses." Solid State Phenomena 161 (June 2010): 13–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.161.13.

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We report here on the preparation and optical characterization of certain rare earth (Nd3+,Tb3+,Pr3+ &Tm3+ each in 0.2 mol %) ions doped in two new series glasses in the following composition: Series A: 69.8 B2O3 – 10 P2O5 – 10(ZnO/CdO/TeO2) – 10 AlF3 Series B: 69.8 B2O3 – 10 P2O5 – 10(ZnO/CdO/TeO2) – 10 LiF By applying the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters of Nd3+: BFP glasses, radiative properties of the emission transitions ( 4F3/2 ®4IJ=9/2, 11/2 &13/2 ) at 906, 1079 and 1349nm have been evaluated. By applying the Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, radiative properties for Er3+ ions doped glasses, the NIR emission (4I13/2 4I15/2 ) at 1547nm , and also visible green emission (4S3/2 4I15/2 ) at 547nm have been evaluated. Measured absorption spectra of Pr3+: BFP glasses have shown eight absorption bands at 443, 469, 481, 589 , 1008, 1419, 1523 and 1930 nm which correspond to the transitions 3H4 ®3P2, 3P1, 3P0, 1D2, 1G4,3F4, 3F3 and 3F2 respectively. Absorption spectra of Tm3+: glasses have revealed five absorption bands at 466, 685, 790, 1206 and 1644 nm which corresponding to the transitions 3H6®1G4, 3F3, 3H4, 3H5 and 3F4 respectively. Pr3+: glasses, with an excitation at 442nm (3H4 ®3P2), a orange-red emission at 600 nm (1D2® 3H4) has been observed. In the case of Tm3+: glasses, upon excitation with 355nm (3H6®1D2), blue emissions at 452 nm (1D2®3F4) and at 476 nm (1G4®3H6) are observed. From the measured NIR emission spectra of Pr3+: BFP glasses, an NIR emission at 1354nm (1G4®3H5) and form Tm3+: glasses, an NIR emission (3F4®3H6) at 1809 nm are observed with an Ar+ laser (514.5 nm) as the excitation source.

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Luo, Xiaobing, Jun Shen, He Huang, Lu Xu, Zhixiang Wang, Yang Chen, and Li Li. "Near-Infrared Quantum Cutting in Yb3+ Doped SrMoO4 Phosphors." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.11801.

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Efficient near-infrared (NIR) quantum cutting (QC) has been demonstrated in Yb3+ doped SrMoO4 phosphors synthesized by the high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The obtained SrMoO4:Yb3+ phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and decay lifetime to understand the observed near-infrared quantum cutting phenomena. The XRD results show that all the prepared phosphors can be readily indexed to the pure tetragonal phase of SrMoO4 and exhibit good crystallinity. The experimental results showed that the strong visible molybdate (MoO2−24 emission around 493 nm and near-infrared (NIR) emission around 1000 nm from Yb3+(2F5/2 → 2F7/2) of SrMoO4:Yb3+ phosphors were observed under ultraviolet (290 nm) excitation. The Yb3+ concentration dependence of luminescent properties and lifetimes of both the visible and NIR emissions have also been investigated. The quenching concentration of Yb3+ ions approaches as high as 10 mol%. The cooperative energy transfer (CET) mechanism was also discussed in detail. The broadband NIR QC phosphors may possibly have potential application in enhancing the conversion efficiency of solar cells.

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Mi, Chao, Jiajia Zhou, Fan Wang, and Dayong Jin. "Thermally enhanced NIR–NIR anti-Stokes emission in rare earth doped nanocrystals." Nanoscale 11, no. 26 (2019): 12547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr03041g.

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Onaka, T., I. Sakon, R. Ohsawa, T. I. Mori, H. Kaneda, M. Tanaka, Y. Okada, F. Boulanger, C. Joblin, and P. Pilleri. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Diffuse Galactic Emission." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, H16 (August 2012): 703–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314012976.

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AbstractThe near-infrared (NIR) spectral range (2–5 μm) contains a number of interesting features for the study of the interstellar medium. In particular, the aromatic and aliphatic components in carbonaceous dust can be investigated most efficiently with the NIR spectroscopy. We analyze NIR spectra of the diffuse Galactic emission taken with the Infrared Camera onboard AKARI and find that the aliphatic to aromatic emission band ratio decreases toward the ionized gas, which suggests processing of the band carriers in the ionized region.

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Jaroszewski, K., M. Chrunik, P. Głuchowski, A. Majchrowski, and D. Kasprowicz. "Nd3+-doped Bi2ZnOB2O6 phosphors for NIR emission." Journal of Luminescence 203 (November 2018): 663–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.07.014.

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Sugai, H., M. A. Malkan, M. J. Ward, R. I. Davies, and I. S. McLean. "NIR Line Observations of Starburst Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 186 (1999): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900112835.

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We have obtained images of the H2and Brγ emission lines in the galaxy interacting system NGC 3690 + IC 694. We have also obtained simultaneous H- and K-band spectra for three of its 2μm continuum peaks. The most detectable line emission is concentrated at the continuum peaks. Therefore, the emission lines as well as stellar absorption lines can be used as tracers of the activity in the nuclei themselves. From the strong Brγ and marginal detection of Br10 at the nucleus of IC 694, we derive a large extinction for the fully ionized gas in this nucleus. If we adopt this extinction also for the [Fe II]1.64μm emission, the extinction-corrected [Fe II]1.64μm/Brγ ratio will lie at the higher end of starburst galaxies, and is typical for AGNs or AGN/starburst composites. This might imply that many SNRs are involved in the starburst at this nucleus, unless it includes an AGN. All of our results for Component C, including very little CO absorption in the K band, a largeEW(Brγ), a small H2/Brγ ratio, the effective temperature (Teff≃ 40,000K) derived from HeI 1.70μm/Br10 and HeI 2.06μm/Brγ, are consistent with a very young starburst.

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Getz, Michael N., Per-Anders Hansen, Øystein S. Fjellvåg, Mohammed A. K. Ahmed, Helmer Fjellvåg, and Ola Nilsen. "Intense NIR emission in YVO4:Yb3+ thin films by atomic layer deposition." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 33 (2017): 8572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc02135f.

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Thin films of YVO₄:Yb³⁺ exhibiting intense NIR emission have been deposited by atomic layer deposition. The NIR emission is attributed to a quantum splitting process that could be used to enhance the efficiency of solar cells.

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Mao, Qiannan, Jiejie Chen, Bijiao Lan, Shichao Lv, Zhechen Fan, Jinhao Wu, and Shifeng Zhou. "Broadband NIR emission from transparent fluorosilicate glass-ceramics containing Rb2SiF6:Ni2+ nanocrystals." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 518 (August 2019): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.05.019.

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27

Zhu, Shoujun, Bryant C. Yung, Swati Chandra, Gang Niu, Alexander L. Antaris, and Xiaoyuan Chen. "Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) Bioimaging via Off-Peak NIR-I Fluorescence Emission." Theranostics 8, no. 15 (2018): 4141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.27995.

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28

Liu, Jian-Xun, Shi-Lin Mei, Xian-He Chen, and Chang-Jiang Yao. "Recent Advances of Near-Infrared (NIR) Emissive Metal Complexes Bridged by Ligands with N- and/or O-Donor Sites." Crystals 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020155.

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Near-infrared (NIR) emissive metal complexes have shown potential applications in optical communication, chemosensors, bioimaging, and laser and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their structural tunability and luminescence stability. Among them, complexes with bridging ligands that exhibit unique emission behavior have attracted extensive interests in recent years. The target performance can be easily achieved by NIR light-emitting metal complexes with bridging ligands through molecular structure design. In this review, the luminescence mechanism and design strategies of NIR luminescent metal complexes with bridging ligands are described firstly, and then summarize the recent advance of NIR luminescent metal complexes with bridging ligands in the fields of electroluminescence and biosensing/bioimaging. Finally, the development trend of NIR luminescent metal complexes with bridging ligands are proposed, which shows an attractive prospect in the field of photophysical and photochemical materials.

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Lin, Jiacheng, Xiaodong Zeng, Yuling Xiao, Lin Tang, Jinxia Nong, Yufang Liu, Hui Zhou, et al. "Novel near-infrared II aggregation-induced emission dots for in vivo bioimaging." Chemical Science 10, no. 4 (2019): 1219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc04363a.

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Gao, Jinzhu, Rongchen Wang, Tianli Zhu, Jiahui Tan, Xianfeng Gu, and Chunchang Zhao. "An electron-deficiency-based framework for NIR-II fluorescence probes." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 43 (2020): 9877–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tb02120b.

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Increasing the electron withdrawing ability of substituents in monochlorinated BODIPY could vary the emission from the NIR-I to NIR-II region together with enhanced response rate, indicative of a promising approach for activatable NIR-II probes.

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31

Saucier, Matthew A., Cameron Smith, Nicholas A. Kruse, Nathan I. Hammer, and Jared H. Delcamp. "Acid-Triggered Switchable Near-Infrared/Shortwave Infrared Absorption and Emission of Indolizine-BODIPY Dyes." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 29, 2023): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031287.

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Fluorescent organic dyes that absorb and emit in the near-infrared (NIR, 700–1000 nm) and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000–1700 nm) regions have the potential to produce noninvasive high-contrast biological images and videos. BODIPY dyes are well known for their high quantum yields in the visible energy region. To tune these chromophores to the NIR region, fused nitrogen-based heterocyclic indolizine donors were added to a BODIPY scaffold. The indolizine BODIPY dyes were synthesized via microwave-assisted Knoevenagel condensation with indolizine aldehydes. The non-protonated dyes showed NIR absorption and emission at longer wavelengths than an aniline benchmark. Protonation of the dyes produced a dramatic 0.35 eV bathochromic shift (230 nm shift from 797 nm to 1027 nm) to give a SWIR absorption and emission (λmaxemis = 1061 nm). Deprotonation demonstrates that material emission is reversibly switchable between the NIR and SWIR.

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32

Deng, Guanjun, Felix Man Ho Cheung, Zhihong Sun, Xinghua Peng, Sanpeng Li, Ping Gong, and Lintao Cai. "Near-infrared fluorescence imaging for vascular visualization and fungal detection in plants." Chemical Communications 54, no. 94 (2018): 13240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc07782g.

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Liu, Zhiyong, Mengsi Wu, Minbo Lan, and Weian Zhang. "Boosting cancer therapy efficiency via photoinduced radical production." Chemical Science 12, no. 27 (2021): 9500–9505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc01220g.

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34

Liu, Wen, Yuhuang Zhang, Ji Qi, Jun Qian, and Ben Zhong Tang. "NIR-II Excitation and NIR-I Emission Based Two-photon Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopic Imaging Using Aggregation-induced Emission Dots." Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 37, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40242-021-0405-2.

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35

Meza, O., L. A. Diaz-Torres, P. Salas, E. De la Rosa, C. Ángeles-Chávez, and D. Solis. "Cooperative Pair Driven Quenching of Yb³⁺ Emission in Nanocrystalline ZrO₂:Yb³⁺." Journal of Nano Research 5 (February 2009): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.5.121.

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The concentration luminescence quenching of the NIR emission of Yb3+ in nanocrystalline ZrO2 is studied. It is found that the quenching is dominated by cooperative energy transfer processes from isolated Yb3+ ions to Yb-Yb pairs (Yb dimers). The Yb dimer concentration depends on the crystallite phase and size, which on time depends on Yb concentration. An extended energy transfer model was developed to predict the IR and cooperative visible fluorescence emissions by taking in to account the crystalline phase, the nanocrystals size, and the geometrical construction of Yb dimers. Our model succeeds to fit simultaneously both experimental VIS and NIR emissions, and the corresponding interaction parameters are reported.

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36

Zhong, Kaipeng, Siyu Lu, Wenting Guo, Junxia Su, Shihao Sun, Jun Hai, and Baodui Wang. "NIR emissive light-harvesting systems through perovskite passivation and sequential energy transfer for third-level fingerprint imaging." Chemical Communications 57, no. 74 (2021): 9434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc03006j.

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37

Lee, Will W. H., Zheng Zhao, Yuanjing Cai, Zeng Xu, Ying Yu, Yu Xiong, Ryan T. K. Kwok, et al. "Facile access to deep red/near-infrared emissive AIEgens for efficient non-doped OLEDs." Chemical Science 9, no. 28 (2018): 6118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc01377b.

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38

Xiaohai Liu, Xiaohai Liu, Siguo Xiao Siguo Xiao, Zhifeng Xiang Zhifeng Xiang, Biyao Zhou Biyao Zhou, Qing Wen Qing Wen, Xiaoliang Yang Xiaoliang Yang, and Xiangliang Jin Xiangliang Jin. "Enhanced NIR emission in Ce3+/Er3+-doped YAG induced by Bi3+ doping." Chinese Optics Letters 11, no. 12 (2013): 122602–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.122602.

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39

Chuang, Shu-Fen, Chu-Chun Liao, Jui-Che Lin, Yu-Cheng Chou, Tsung-Lin Lee, and Ting-Wen Lai. "Novel Polymerization of Dental Composites Using Near-Infrared-Induced Internal Upconversion Blue Luminescence." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 9, 2021): 4304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244304.

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Blue light (BL) curing on dental resin composites results in gradient polymerization. By incorporating upconversion phosphors (UP) in resin composites, near-infrared (NIR) irradiation may activate internal blue emission and a polymerization reaction. This study was aimed to evaluate the competency of the NIR-to-BL upconversion luminance in polymerizing dental composites and to assess the appropriate UP content and curing protocol. NaYF4 (Yb3+/Tm3+ co-doped) powder exhibiting 476-nm blue emission under 980-nm NIR was adapted and ball-milled for 4–8 h to obtain different particles. The bare particles were assessed for their emission intensities, and also added into a base composite Z100 (3M EPSE) to evaluate their ability in enhancing polymerization under NIR irradiation. Experimental composites were prepared by dispensing the selected powder and Z100 at different ratios (0, 5, 10 wt% UP). These composites were irradiated under different protocols (BL, NIR, or their combinations), and the microhardness at the irradiated surface and different depths were determined. The results showed that unground UP (d50 = 1.9 μm) exhibited the highest luminescence, while the incorporation of 0.4-μm particles obtained the highest microhardness. The combined 20-s BL and 20–120-s NIR significantly increased the microhardness on the surface and internal depths compared to BL correspondents. The 5% UP effectively enhanced the microhardness under 80-s NIR irradiation but was surpassed by 10% UP with longer NIR irradiation. The combined BL-NIR curing could be an effective approach to polymerize dental composites, while the intensity of upconversion luminescence was related to specific UP particle size and content. Incorporation of 5–10% UP facilitates NIR upconversion polymerization on dental composites.

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Li, Yangyang, Xian Wang, Lei Zhang, Luqi Liu, Qiusheng Wang, Hongguang Lu, and Xiaowei Zhao. "Remarkable solid-state fluorescence change from the visible to the near-infrared region based on the protonation/deprotonation of an AIEgen." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 11 (2020): 3378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00527d.

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41

Inkrataite, Greta, Gerardas Laurinavicius, David Enseling, Aleksej Zarkov, Thomas Jüstel, and Ramunas Skaudzius. "Characterization of GAGG Doped with Extremely Low Levels of Chromium and Exhibiting Exceptional Intensity of Emission in NIR Region." Crystals 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060673.

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Cerium and chromium co-doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnets were prepared using sol-gel technique. These compounds potentially can be applied for NIR-LED construction, horticulture and theranostics. Additionally, magnesium and calcium ions were also incorporated into the structure. X-ray diffraction data analysis confirmed the all-cubic symmetry with an Ia-3d space group, which is appropriate for garnet-type materials. From the characterization of the luminescence properties, it was confirmed that both chromium and cerium emissions could be incorporated. Cerium luminescence was detected under 450 nm excitation, while for chromium emission, 270 nm excitation was used. The emission of chromium ions was exceptionally intense, although it was determined that these compounds are doped only by parts per million of Cr3+ ions. Typically, the emission maxima of chromium ions are located around 650–750 nm in garnet systems. However, in this case, the emission maximum for chromium is measured to be around 790 nm, caused by re-absorption of Cr3+ ions. The main observation of this study is that the switchable emission wavelength in a compound of single phase was obtained, despite the fact that doping with Cr ions was performed in ppm level, causing an intense emission in NIR region.

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42

Fu, Guorui, Hao Zheng, Yani He, Wentao Li, Xingqiang Lü, and Hongshan He. "Efficient near-infrared (NIR) polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on heteroleptic iridium(iii) complexes with post-modification effects of intramolecular hydrogen bonding or BF2-chelation." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 39 (2018): 10589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc03432j.

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43

Hazra, Chanchal, Sajjad Ullah, York E. Serge Correales, Laís G. Caetano, and Sidney J. L. Ribeiro. "Enhanced NIR-I emission from water-dispersible NIR-II dye-sensitized core/active shell upconverting nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 17 (2018): 4777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc00335a.

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44

Sun, Yao, Mingmin Ding, Xiaodong Zeng, Yuling Xiao, Huaping Wu, Hui Zhou, Bingbing Ding, et al. "Novel bright-emission small-molecule NIR-II fluorophores for in vivo tumor imaging and image-guided surgery." Chemical Science 8, no. 5 (2017): 3489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sc00251c.

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45

Wang, Taoze, Gaochao Liu, and Zhiguo Xia. "Chemical unit co-substitution enabling broadband and tunable near-infrared emission in garnet-type Lu3Sc2Ga3O12:Cr3+ phosphors." Microstructures 2, no. 4 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2022.19.

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Although near-infrared phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (NIR pc-LEDs) are desired for non-visible light source applications, the design of broadband NIR phosphors remains a challenge. Inspired by the chemical unit co-substitution strategy for the modification of composition and local structure, we realize a tunable redshift emission from 706 to 765 nm in garnet-type Lu3Sc2Ga3O12:Cr3+ with a broadened full width at half maximum and enhanced photoluminescence intensity by introducing a [Mg2+-Si4+] unit into the [Sc3+-Ga3+] couple. Structural and spectral analyzes demonstrate that the co-substitution reduces the local symmetry and crystal field strength of the [CrO6] octahedra, thus leading to inhomogeneous widening of the 4T2→4A2 emission and enhanced blue absorption. Furthermore, the 4T2→4A2 emission exhibits a phonon-assisted character at low temperatures due to the thermal coupling effect with the 2E level. The fabricated NIR pc-LED based on the optimized NIR phosphor exhibits excellent potential in night vision and imaging applications.

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46

Jiang, Kai, Xiangyu Feng, Xiaolu Gao, Yuhui Wang, Congzhong Cai, Zhongjun Li, and Hengwei Lin. "Preparation of Multicolor Photoluminescent Carbon Dots by Tuning Surface States." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040529.

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The achievements of multicolor photoluminescent (PL)-emissive carbon dots (CDs), particularly red to near infrared (NIR), are critical for their applications in optoelectronic devices and bioimaging, but it still faces great challenges to date. In this study, PL emission red-shifts were observed when tartaric acid (TA) was added into m-phenylenediamine (mPD) or o-phenylenediamine (oPD) solutions as carbon sources to prepare CDs, i.e., from blue to green for mPD and from yellow-green to red for oPD. Morphology and structure analyses revealed that the increased surface oxidation and carboxylation were responsible for the red-shifts of emission, indicating that TA played a key role in tuning the surface state of CDs. These factors could be employed as effective strategies to adjust PL emissions of CDs. Consequently, multicolor PL CDs (i.e., blue-, green-, yellow-green- and red-emissive CDs) can be facilely prepared using mPD and oPD in the absence and presence of TA. Particularly, the obtained red-emissive CDs showed a high PL quantum yield up to 22.0% and an emission covering red to NIR regions, demonstrating great potentials in optoelectronic devices and bioimaging. Moreover, multicolor phosphors were further prepared by mixing corresponding CDs with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), among which the blue, green, and red ones could serve as three primary color phosphors for fabricating multicolor and white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The white LED was measured to show a Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage (CIE) 1931 chromaticity coordinate of (0.34, 0.32), a high color rendering index (CRI) of 89, and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5850 K, representing one of the best performances of white LEDs based on CDs.

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Chon, Bonghwan, William Ghann, Jamal Uddin, Bahman Anvari, and Vikas Kundra. "Indocyanine Green (ICG) Fluorescence Is Dependent on Monomer with Planar and Twisted Structures and Inhibited by H-Aggregation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 17 (August 22, 2023): 13030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713030.

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The optical properties of indocyanine green (ICG) as a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence dye depend on the nature of the solvent medium and the dye concentration. In the ICG absorption spectra of water, at high concentrations, there were absorption maxima at 700 nm, implying H-aggregates. With ICG dilution, the main absorption peak was at 780 nm, implying monomers. However, in ethanol, the absorption maximum was 780 nm, and the shapes of the absorption spectra were identical regardless of the ICG concentration, indicating that ICG in ethanol exists only as a monomer without H-aggregates. We found that emission was due to the monomer form and decreased with H-aggregate formation. In the fluorescence spectra, the 820 nm emission band was dominant at low concentrations, whereas at high concentrations, we found that the emission peaks were converted to 880 nm, suggesting a new form via the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process of ICG. The NIR fluorescence intensity of ICG in ethanol was approximately 12- and 9-times brighter than in water in the NIR-I and -II regions, respectively. We propose an energy diagram of ICG to describe absorptive and emissive transitions through the ICG structures such as the monomer, H-aggregated, and TICT monomer forms.

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Yang, Tingyu, Jinglei Qin, Jinling Zhang, Lanying Guo, Mu Yang, Xi Wu, Mei You, and Hongshang Peng. "Recent Progresses in NIR-II Luminescent Bio/Chemo Sensors Based on Lanthanide Nanocrystals." Chemosensors 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10060206.

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Fluorescent bio/chemosensors are widely used in the field of biological research and medical diagnosis, with the advantages of non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. In particular, luminescent bio/chemosensors, based on lanthanide nanocrystals (LnNCs) with a second near-infrared (NIR-II) emission, have attracted much attention, owing to greater penetration depth, aside from the merits of narrow emission band, abundant emission lines, and long lifetimes. In this review, NIR-II LnNCs-based bio/chemo sensors are summarized from the perspectives of the mechanisms of NIR-II luminescence, synthesis method of LnNCs, strategy of luminescence enhancement, sensing mechanism, and targeted bio/chemo category. Finally, the problems that exist in present LnNCs-based bio/chemosensors are discussed, and the future development trend is prospected.

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Zhang, Jie, Jie Wang, Tong Yan, Yanan Peng, Dajun Xu, and Dawei Deng. "InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots with strong dual emissions: visible excitonic emission and near-infrared surface defect emission and their application in in vitro and in vivo bioimaging." J. Mater. Chem. B 5, no. 41 (2017): 8152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb02324c.

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Han, Xinxin, Enhai Song, Shuai Zhang, Shi Ye, Xiao-Bao Yang, and Qinyuan Zhang. "Heavy Mn2+-doped near-infrared photon upconversion luminescence in fluoride RbZnF3:Yb3+,Mn2+ guided by dopant distribution simulation." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 35 (2020): 12164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc03225e.

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NIR UC emission was observed in heavy Mn²⁺-doped RbZnF₃:Yb³⁺,Mn²⁺ designed by the dopant-distribution prediction simulation. The GSA/ESA and GSA/ETU models of the super-exchange-coupled Yb³⁺–Mn²⁺–Mn²⁺ trimer are proposed for the NIR UC emission.

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