Relevant bibliographies by topics / Niobium superconductor

Academic literature on the topic 'Niobium superconductor'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Niobium superconductor"

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Senevirathne, I. H., A. Gurevich, and J. R. Delayen. "Direct current magnetic Hall probe technique for measurement of field penetration in thin film superconductors for superconducting radio frequency resonators." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 055104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083309.

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Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities used in particle accelerators are typically formed from or coated with superconducting materials. Currently, high purity niobium is the material of choice for SRF cavities that have been optimized to operate near their theoretical field limits. This brings about the need for significant R & D efforts to develop next generation superconducting materials that could outperform Nb and keep up with the demands of new accelerator facilities. To achieve high quality factors and accelerating gradients, the cavity material should be able to remain in the superconducting Meissner state under a high RF magnetic field without penetration of quantized magnetic vortices through the cavity wall. Therefore, the magnetic field at which vortices penetrate a superconductor is one of the key parameters of merit of SRF cavities. Techniques to measure the onset of magnetic field penetration on thin film samples need to be developed to mitigate the issues with the conventional magnetometry measurements that are strongly influenced by the film orientation and shape and edge effects. In this work, we report the development of an experimental setup to measure the field of full flux penetration through films and multi-layered superconductors. Our system combines a small superconducting solenoid that can generate a magnetic field of up to 500 mT at the sample surface and three Hall probes to detect the full flux penetration through the superconductor. This setup can be used to study alternative materials that could potentially outperform niobium, as well as superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) multilayer coatings on niobium.
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Malisa, Anayesu B. "Josephson Effect in MgB2/Pd/Nb Trilayer Josephson Junctions." Tanzania Journal of Science 47, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): 1062–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i3.17.

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This paper reports fabrication techniques and results of MgB2/Pd/Nb trilayer Josephson junctions. The MgB2 bottom electrode was co-evaporated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique from both magnesium and boron sources at a low substrate temperature ~ 300 °C, while the interlayer and the top niobium electrode (Pd/Nb bilayer) were deposited ex-situ using RF sputtering. The junctions exhibited and Josephson effect as well as a modulation of the critical current in a magnetic field applied in a direction normal to the junction plane. Fractional and integer Shapiro steps were observed at voltages corresponding to the frequency of the applied microwave radiation field. The products of the junctions compare well with the previously reported values. The results suggest that it should be possible to fabricate all-MgB2 and MgB2 as one of the electrodes Superconductor/Normal/Superconductor (SNS), Superconductor/Insulator/Superconductor (SIS) or even Superconductor/Ferromagnet/Superconductor (SFS) tunnel junctions with interesting characteristics and for various applications. Keywords: MgB2; all-MgB2; Josephson Tunnel junctions; trilayer devices; Niobium
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Burnell, G., E. J. Tarte, W. E. Booij, and M. G. Blamire. "Niobium-copper superconductor-normal metal-superconductor asymmetry modulated SQUIDs." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 1243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.919575.

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Yoshida, T., H. Kasai, J. E. Bonevich, T. Matsuda, and A. Tonomura. "Lorentz microscopy observation of vortex dynamics due to transport current." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 366–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138208.

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At present, Lorentz microscopy is the only one method to visualize individual vortices in superconductors and observe their motion in real time. Using this technique, we have investigated the fascinating vortex dynamics in superconductors, niobium and BSCCO. And recently we applied it to investigate current driven vortex motion.The vortices are driven by the Lorentz force due to the transport current, and begin to move. This couses the vortex to dissipate the energy i.e., causes the resistive state in the superconductor. Therefore to clarify the vortex motion is important especially in the relation with vortex pinning.The sample we examined was niobium thin film, which was single-crystallized by annealing and thinned by chemical etching. It was put in the low temperature specimen stage specially developed for the vortex observation, which was installed in 350 kV FE-TEM based Hitachi H-9000.We observed current driven vortex motion in the temperature (T) range from 4.5 K to Tc = 9.25 K and in a (externally applied) magnetic field (B) up to 100 Gauss.
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Devarakonda, A., H. Inoue, S. Fang, C. Ozsoy-Keskinbora, T. Suzuki, M. Kriener, L. Fu, E. Kaxiras, D. C. Bell, and J. G. Checkelsky. "Clean 2D superconductivity in a bulk van der Waals superlattice." Science 370, no. 6513 (October 8, 2020): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz6643.

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Advances in low-dimensional superconductivity are often realized through improvements in material quality. Apart from a small group of organic materials, there is a near absence of clean-limit two-dimensional (2D) superconductors, which presents an impediment to the pursuit of numerous long-standing predictions for exotic superconductivity with fragile pairing symmetries. We developed a bulk superlattice consisting of the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) superconductor 2H-niobium disulfide (2H-NbS2) and a commensurate block layer that yields enhanced two-dimensionality, high electronic quality, and clean-limit inorganic 2D superconductivity. The structure of this material may naturally be extended to generate a distinct family of 2D superconductors, topological insulators, and excitonic systems based on TMDs with improved material properties.
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Leone, B., B. D. Jackson, J. R. Gao, and T. M. Klapwijk. "Geometric heat trapping in niobium superconductor–insulator– superconductor mixers due to niobium titanium nitride leads." Applied Physics Letters 76, no. 6 (February 7, 2000): 780–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125893.

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Soreau-Leblanc, A., P. Molinie´, and J. C. Jumas. "A new tin niobium selenide superconductor." Physica C: Superconductivity 282-287 (August 1997): 741–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(97)00382-1.

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Brems, Xaver S., Sebastian Mühlbauer, Wilmer Y. Córdoba-Camacho, Arkady A. Shanenko, Alexei Vagov, José Albino Aguiar, and Robert Cubitt. "Current-induced self-organisation of mixed superconducting states." Superconductor Science and Technology 35, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac455e.

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Abstract Small-angle neutron scattering is used in combination with transport measurements to investigate the current-induced effects on the morphology of the intermediate mixed state (IMS) domains in the intertype superconductor niobium. We report the robust self-organisation of the vortex lattice domains to elongated parallel stripes perpendicular to the applied current in a steady-state. The experimental results for the formation of the superstructure are supported by theoretical calculations, which highlight important details of the vortex matter evolution. The investigation demonstrates a mechanism of a spontaneous pattern formation that is closely related to the universal physics governing the IMS in low-κ superconductors.
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Ogitsu, Toru, Masami Iio, Naritoshi Kawamura, and Makoto Yoshida. "Development of Radiation-Tolerant HTS Magnet for Muon Production Solenoid." Instruments 4, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/instruments4040030.

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Superconducting magnets are widely used in accelerator science applications. Muon production solenoids are applications that have recently attracted considerable public attention, after the approval of muon-related physics projects such as coherent muon to electron transition or muon-to-electron-conversion experiments. Based on its characteristics, muon production solenoids tend to be subjected to high radiation exposure, which results in a high heat load being applied to the solenoid magnet, thus limiting the superconducting magnet operation, especially for low-temperature superconductors such as niobium titanium alloy. However, the use of high-temperature superconductors may extend the operation capabilities owing to their functionality at higher temperatures. This study reviews the characteristics of high temperature superconductor magnets in high-radiation environments and their potential for application to muon production solenoids.
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de Matos, Clovis Jacinto, and Christian Beck. "Possible Measurable Effects of Dark Energy in Rotating Superconductors." Advances in Astronomy 2009 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/931920.

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We discuss recent laboratory experiments with rotating superconductors and show that three so far unexplained experimentally observed effects (anomalous acceleration signals, anomalous gyroscope signals, Cooper pair mass excess) can be physically explained in terms of a possible interaction of dark energy with Cooper pairs. Our approach is based on a Ginzburg-Landau-like model of electromagnetic dark energy, where gravitationally active photons obtain mass in the superconductor. We show that this model can account simultaneously for the anomalous acceleration and anomalous gravitomagnetic fields around rotating superconductors measured by Tajmar et al. and for the anomalous Cooper pair mass in superconductive Niobium, measured by Cabrera and Tate. It is argued that these three different physical effects are ultimately different experimental manifestations of the simultaneous spontaneous breaking of gauge invariance and of the principle of general covariance in superconductive materials.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Niobium superconductor"

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Parvaneh, Hamed. "Growth and characterisation of niobium/gadolinium superconductor-ferromagnet nanocomposites." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/183639.

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Superconductivity and ferromagnetism are two antagonistic physical phenomena which their coexistence in a uniform material can be resolved only under extraordinary conditions. The reason for that is the phonon-mediated attraction energy between electrons which results in the formation of the so-called Cooper pairs, is usually smaller that the exchange (Zeeman) interaction between electrons which tend to align the electron spins. However, non-zero total momentum Cooper pairs can be accomplished even in the presence of an exchange field as surprisingly! predicted first by Fulde and Ferrel [1] and independently by Larkin and Ovchinikov [2] nearly 50 years ago. This coexistence has already been observed experimentally in both bulk samples [3, 4] and in thin films [5-7] which result from a different type of electron-pairing mechanism which electrons with spin pointing in the same direction team up to form Cooper pairs with one unit of spin, resulting in the so-called triplet superconductivity. Apart from this so-called ferromagnetsuperconductors which both superconducting and ferromagnetism order parameters are present in a uniform material, hybrid systems [8] are made form materials with different or even mutually exclusive properties. Therefore the overall property can be strongly affected by the interaction between constituent materials. The present work, concerns such a hybrid system where Nb, a superconducting metal having transition temperature below 9.5K, is placed in contact with a ferromagnetic metal, Gd with bulk Curie temperature of around 290 K in a form of a nanocomposite. The mutual immiscibility of these two elements gives us the opportunity to take advantage of both the superconduction and ferromagnetism properties of the constituents and further study the transport and magnetic behavior of the system and their effects on each other specially on the critical current of the superconductor which is expected to be modified by the proximity of the ferromagnetic metal.
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Magnée, Petrus Hubertus Cornelis. "Mesoscopic transport in superconductor - semiconductor structures." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1996. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/14856769X.

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Ludlam, James Leslie. "Superconducting joints with rectangular cross section niobium-tin multifilamentary superconductor." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13269.

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Higgs, Thomas David Charles. "Magnetic structures and proximity effects in rare-earth/transition metal ferromagnetic and superconductor systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/280118.

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The antiferromagnetic coupling between a rare-earth (RE) and a tran- sition metal (TM) ferromagnet can be exploited to engineer normal state and superconducting functional devices. RE/TM ferromagnetic multi- layers were previously used as spin-mixers to generate spin-triplet su- percurrents. This was possible due to magnetic inhomogeneity present in the devices, however the precise nature of the inhomogeneity was not understood. Here we present a comprehensive study of the Ni/Gd/Ni system using a powerful element-specific measurement technique: x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. In order to analyse the experimental results we present a novel model based on the Stoner-Wohlfarth model, which shows that significant inhomogeneity exists at the Ni/Gd interfaces due to the competition between the exchange energies within the system and the Zeeman energy of the applied magnetic field. The experiment and model together provide a complete overview of the Ni/Gd/Ni system due to the breadth of temperatures and thicknesses studied. The knowledge gained from this work is then applied to designing and test- ing new spin valves based on the intrinsic inhomogeneity at the RE/TM interface, and both Ni/Gd- and Gd/Ho-based devices show reversible magnetic switching behaviour which alters the superconducting critical temperature.
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Backs, Alexander [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Böni, Peter [Gutachter] Böni, and Blackburn [Gutachter] Elizabeth. "Vortex Matter of the Intertype Superconductor Niobium Studied by Neutron Imaging, Neutron Diffraction and Molecular Dynamics Simulations / Alexander Backs ; Gutachter: Peter Böni, Blackburn Elizabeth ; Betreuer: Peter Böni." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235664724/34.

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Bhatiya, Shobhit. "A15 stoichiometry and grain morphology in rod-in-tube and tube type Nb3SN strands; Influence of strand design, heat treatments and ternary additions." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1268231937.

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Saxey, David W. "A high-resolution superconducting pressure gauge and irreversible magnetic effects in Nb and NbTi wires." University of Western Australia. School of Physics, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0007.

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A high resolution pressure gauge has been developed for use in thermodynamic measurements along the lambda line in liquid helium. The gauge was designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures and provide pressure measurements up to 30bar, with an accuracy of 3 × 10¯¹ºbar in a 1Hz bandwidth. Experiments reported here show the gauge to have met these specifications; at least for measurements close to zero pressure, at temperatures close to 4.5K. It is expected that operation at higher pressures, and at temperatures closer to the lambda transition, will result in similar or even improved performance. The gauge consists of a titanium-alloy diaphragm with a superconducting position transducer read-out. Compensation techniques internal to the superconducting circuit were used to eliminate any significant sensitivity to temperature fluctuations and in-line acceleration. For high values of common-mode rejection, thermal compensation revealed a non-linear temperature characteristic which was exploited to provide a further reduction in the temperature sensitivity. Acceleration compensation was achieved up to a common-mode rejection of more than 78dB. Present performance appears to be limited by thermal gradient fluctuations at low frequencies and at higher frequencies by a noise source which appears to originate beyond the superconducting transducer. It is expected that some further improvement may be gained in this higher frequency band simply by trapping a larger persistent current in the superconducting circuit. In the course of development and characterization of the gauge several anomalous effects were discovered and investigated. In response to changes in temperature, the gauge was found to exhibit irreversible behaviour in a variety of ways. These phenomena were fully investigated and found to be complex in nature. A critical state model was employed which was successful in explaining many of the observed effects. Other authors have observed apparently related behaviour in samples of niobium and some have developed similar critical state models which give results generally consistent with those reported here. However, these latter works have not investigated the presence of such effects within superconducting wires; neither have they considered the implications for devices based upon superconducting wire circuits. It appears this anomalous behaviour may be relevant to a broad range of instruments employing superconducting wire circuits similar to that used here. If this is the case, the results presented here have significant consequences for the performance of such devices
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Oliveira, Tarciso Mesquita de. "Picos da magnetização em supercondutores do tipo II." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278497.

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Orientador: Oscar Ferreira de Lima
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataglin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T18:20:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_TarcisoMesquitade_M.pdf: 3236428 bytes, checksum: f8799c6f4d4ac1a196ca499b0ad67efb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Nesta tese estudamos possíveis origens do Segundo Pico da Magnetização (SPM) em supercondutores de alta e baixa temperatura crítica, usando amostras monocristalinas de Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d e de Nb. Para estudar o SPM fizemos medidas de curvas de magnetização M x H e suscetibilidade AC (vs. h e T). Através da aplicação de uma lei de escala, para suscetibilidade AC, obtivemos o expoente de creep na região do SMP. Em amostras de Nb verificamos os efeitos sobre as curvas M x H de não homogeneidades na amostra: deslocamentos de planos e oxigênio intersticial. Em amostras de alta pureza (bulk e monocristalina) observamos que as curvas M x H não apresentam o SPM nem o Efeito Pico, próximo a Hc2.Ao adicionar não homogeneidades nas amostras, através de dopagem com oxigênio e deformação por elongação, observamos o aparecimento do Efeito Pico, de instabilidades termomagnéticas e de anisotropia do campo Hc2. Em amostras de Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d observamos que o SPM está associado com a componente do campo aplicado paralela à direção c da rede cristalina, ou seja, que o SPM está relacionado com vórtices de Abrikosov e que vórtices Josephson parecem não influenciar no SPM. Ao clivarmos a amostra observamos que a intensidade do SPM se reduz e diminui a janela de temperatura onde ele é visto. Obtivemos o expoente de creep e observamos que na região do SPM o arrasto dos vórtices diminui em campos que antecedem o HSPM , mas na região de HSPM o arrasto aumenta rapidamente e depois volta a cessar. Interpretamos a variação brusca no expoente de creep como uma mudança de fase no sistema de vórtices, que passa de um estado de quase-rede para um estado emaranhado de vórtices
Abstract: In this thesis we have studied possible origins for the Second Magnetization Peak (SMP) in high and low critical temperature superconductors, using samples of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d and Nb single crystals. To study the SMP we did measurements of magnetization curves (M x H) and AC susceptibility (vs. h and T). We obtained the creep exponent in the SMP region, using a scaling law for the AC susceptibility data. In the Nb samples we have verified the effects on M x H curves due to inhomogeneities like dislocations and interstitial oxygen. In high pure samples (bulk and single crystals) we have observed that the M x H curves do not present either SMP or Peak Effect, near H2c . By adding inhomogeneities in the samples, like doping them with oxygen or deforming by elongation, we have observed the appearance of Peak Effect, thermomagnetic instabilities, and H2c anisotropy. In Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d samples we have observed that the SMP is associated with the magnetic field component parallel to the crystal c direction of crystal net. This means that the SMP is related to Abrikosov¿s vortices and that Josephson¿s vortices seem not to influence the SMP. After cleaving the sample we observed that the SMP intensity was reduced and the temperature window were it occurs was decreased. We have obtained the creep exponent and have observed that in the SMP region the vortices creep diminish for fields below HSPM , but around HSPM the creep increases abruptly and after the SPM it decreases again. We have interpreted the abrupt creep exponent variation as a phase transition in the vortex system, that pass from a quasi-lattice state to an entangled vortex state
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Dai, Zhenting. "Coherent and Dissipative Transport in Metallic Atomic-Size Contacts." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19880.

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Thin-film niobium mechanically controlled break junctions and resistively shunted niobium mechanically-controlled break junctions were developed and successfully microfabricated. Using these devices, high-stability atomic size contacts were routinely produced and investigated both in the normal and superconducting states. Investigations of the two-level conductance fluctuations in the smallest contacts allowed the calculation of their specific atomic structure. Embedding resistive shunts close to the superconducting atomic-sized junctions affected the coherence of the electronic transport. Finally, point contact spectroscopy measurements provide evidence of the interaction of conduction electrons with the mechanical degrees of freedom of the atomic-size niobium contacts.
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Keys, Simon Alastair. "Temperature and strain scaling laws for the critical current density in Nb(_3)Sn and Nb(_3)Al conductors in high magnetic fields." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3951/.

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Detailed, accurate measurements of critical current density and resistivity to determine the upper critical field have been made on a technological NbsAl conductor in magnetic fields up to 15 T, temperatures from 4.2 K up to the critical temperature and in the strain range from -1.8% to 0.7%. The uncertainty in temperature above 4.2 K was equivalent to ± 100 mK with a stability during the measurements of < 5 mK up to a limiting current of 80 A and a typical noise level of 1 µ Vm(^-1).When B(_c2){T,ε) is defined at 5%pn, 50%pn or 95%/%pn, an empirical relation is found where and an approximate relation, holds. The Jε data were parameterised using F(_p) = J(_E)B = A(ε)[Bc(_2)](^n)b(^p)(1-b)(^9) where b = B/B(_c2)(T,ε). When B(_c2)(T,ε) is constrained to be the value at 50%pn or 95%pn, the scaling law for F(_p) breaks down such that p and q are strong functions of temperature and q is also a strong function of strain. However, when B(_c2)(T,ε) is defined at 5%pn, there is good scaling where p and q are constants independent of temperature and strain. F(_p) can also be approximated by a Kramer form where the Ginzburg-Landau constant is γ is the electronic density of states and is interpreted as the average B(_c2) for the bulk where percolative current flow occurs. The critical current density of Hot Isostatic Pressed (HIP'ed) and unHIP'ed Nb(_3)Sn Modified Jelly Roll wires has also been measured at 4.2 K. The critical current and upper critical field were decreased for the HIP'ed sample. The reduced upper critical field of the HIP'ed wire was found to be less sensitive to strain than the unHIP'ed wire. The exponent of B(_c2) in the flux pinning scaling law increased from 0.86 to 2.14 as a result of the HIP processing.
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Books on the topic "Niobium superconductor"

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Liebemann, Edwin. Physikalische Eigenschaften von Al/Nb-Multischichten. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre, 1991.

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Pyon, Taeyoung. Evaluation of copper to superconductor area ratio measurement techniques for niobium-titanium composite superconducting wire. 1992.

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Bacon, Paul Eric. Searching for new niobium oxide based superconductors. 1995.

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Neuberger, M. Niobium Alloys and Compounds. Springer, 2013.

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Neuberger, M. Niobium Alloys and Compounds. Springer, 2014.

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Norris, Jeffrey A. Properties of a niobium-titanium multilayer thin film. 1996.

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Norris, Jeffrey A. Properties of a niobium-titanium multilayer thin film. 1996.

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Liu, Ho. Mechanical properties of Nb-Ti composite superconducting wires. 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Niobium superconductor"

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Frost, D., J. Fernandez, W. Larson, R. Randall, G. Swenson, J. Wong, and D. Yu. "Recent Results in Manufacturing Niobium Titanium Superconductor for the SSC Project." In Supercollider 4, 57–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3454-9_9.

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Nikulin, A., A. Shikov, A. Vorobjova, N. Khlebova, O. Malafeeva, V. Pantsyrnyi, A. Silaev, N. Beliakov, and M. Semin. "The Investigation of the Effect of Niobium Artificial Doping with Titanium on Nb3Sn Superconductors Properties." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1337–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_173.

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Speller, Susannah. "NbTi: The Wonderful Workhorse." In A Materials Science Guide to Superconductors, 72–90. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858344.003.0005.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on niobium-titanium, which is often referred to as the workhorse superconductor because it is much simpler and cheaper to make into wires than any other superconducting material. That being said, there is still a great deal of materials engineering that goes into making high performance wires of niobium titanium that can carry high currents and are stable enough to be used in applications like the Large Hadron Collider magnets. Binary phase diagrams, which are key tools used in the design of materials, are introduced along with wire processing techniques. In the “Under the Lens” section, the Lever rule method for estimating the fractions of different constituents in a complex alloy like NbTi is shown. The “Wider View” section discusses how similar tricks for engineering the NbTi on the nanoscale are used in precipitation hardening of structural materials.
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Speller, Susannah. "Battles with Brittleness." In A Materials Science Guide to Superconductors, 124–40. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858344.003.0008.

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Abstract For some applications, we need to use a superconductor that either works at higher temperature or can withstand higher magnetic fields than the workhorse niobium-titanium alloy. The problem with all of the other materials are that they are brittle. This means that it is much more difficult to make them into long lengths of wire. This chapter explores how we go about doing this in practice for two of the technological materials, niobium-tin and magnesium diboride, which belong to a class of materials called intermetallics. As we go along, powder processing of objects by pressing and sintering is introduced. “Under the Lens” sections estimate the volume fraction of porosity and explore the mechanism for solid state diffusion. The Arrhenius equation that crops up in diffusion is one of the most important in materials science which are touched upon in a “Wider View” section.
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Narlikar, A. V. "Niobium–zirconium and niobium–titanium alloys." In Superconductors, 115–26. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199584116.003.0008.

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"Niobium-Titanium Superconductors." In Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, 1043–59. ASM International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001110.

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Conference papers on the topic "Niobium superconductor"

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Saito, A., Y. Misaki, A. Kawai, and K. Hamasaki. "Fabrication of Superconductor-Constrictions-Superconductor Mesoscopic Devices by Selective Niobium Anodization Process." In 1997 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1997.d-6-2.

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OSHIMA, C., K. MASTUDA, and H. FUJII. "MONOCHROMATIC FIELD ELECTRON EMISSION FROM A NIOBIUM SUPERCONDUCTOR." In Proceedings of the 8th Asia-Pacific Physics Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811523_0038.

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Lyons, W. Gregory. "High-Frequency Analog Signal Processing With High-Temperature Superconductors*." In Picosecond Electronics and Optoelectronics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/peo.1991.fa2.

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Abstract:
The low conductor loss of superconducting materials makes it possible to build passive microwave devices that cannot be built with normal metal conductors. For example, compact transversal filters in the form of tapped delay lines can be fabricated from superconducting niobium to operate with multi-gigahetz signal processing bandwidths [1,2]. Recent advances in the growth of thin films of the high-temperature superconductor (HTS) Y-Ba-Cu-O [3,4] have made possible the demonstration of a variety of passive microwave devices. This includes long delay lines [5], tapped delay line filters [6], and narrow-band microstrip bandpass filters using edge-coupled resonators [5]. The most notable of these demonstations has been the operation of a 2.6-GHz bandwidth stripline chirp filter with 12 ns of total delay and a Y-Ba-Cu-O patterned line length of 0.7 m. The HTS microwave components crucial to this development were long delay lines with more than 10 ns of delay, impedance transformers, and backward-wave couplers. Microstrip, coplanar, and stripline geometries were all examined during the course of this development. The stripline configuration selected for the chirp filter was developed using microwave CAD routines and superconducting niobium prototypes.
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Attar, Sara S., Paul Laforge, and Raafat R. Mansour. "A novel micro-fabrication process for integration of Superconductor niobium-based RF circuits with gold-based RF MEMS devices." In 2014 44th European Microwave Conference (EuMC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2014.6986405.

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Buta, F. "Processing-superconducting property correlation studies in RHQT-processed Niobium-Aluminum superconductors." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Proceedings of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1472648.

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Buta, F. "Critical Current Density and Bulk Pinning Force in RHQT-Processed Niobium-Aluminum Superconductors." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Transactions of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1774608.

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Renaud, C. V., W. T. Nachtrab, T. Wong, and U. (Balu) Balachandran. "INVESTIGATION OF METHODS TO CONTROL NIOBIUM WALL DISSOLUTION IN INTERNAL TIN TUBE Nb[sub 3]Sn SUPERCONDUCTORS." In TRANSACTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRYOGENIC MATERIALS CONFERENCE—ICMC: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3402305.

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Motowidlo, L. R. "Comparison of the Properties and Microstructure of Niobium-47Titanium Superconductors with Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Island Pinning Centers." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Transactions of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1774585.

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Reports on the topic "Niobium superconductor"

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Lee, P. J., P. D. Jablonski, L. D. Cooley, G. Stejic, L. A. Bonney, T. C. Willis, and D. C. Larbalestier. High field superconductor development and understanding: A. Establishing the limits of performance of niobium titanium; B. Establishing whether Chevrel Phase materials can become useful high field superconductors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6543222.

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Lee, P. J., P. D. Jablonski, L. D. Cooley, G. Stejic, L. A. Bonney, T. C. Willis, and D. C. Larbalestier. High field superconductor development and understanding: A. Establishing the limits of performance of niobium titanium; B. Establishing whether Chevrel Phase materials can become useful high field superconductors. Progress report, June 1, 1992--May 31, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10150400.

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