Journal articles: 'Ningaloo'

1

Morton, Brian. "Ningaloo." Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, no. 10 (October 2003): 1213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.011.

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Zhang, Lei, Weiqing Han, Yuanlong Li, and Toshiaki Shinoda. "Mechanisms for Generation and Development of the Ningaloo Niño." Journal of Climate 31, no. 22 (November 2018): 9239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0175.1.

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Generation and development mechanisms of the Ningaloo Niño are investigated using ocean and atmospheric general circulation model experiments. Consistent with previous studies, northerly wind anomalies off the West Australian coast are critical in generating warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of the Ningaloo Niño, which induce SST warming through reduced turbulent heat loss toward the atmosphere (by decreasing surface wind speed), enhanced Leeuwin Current heat transport, and weakened coastal upwelling. Our results further reveal that northerly wind anomalies suppress the cold dry air transport from the Southern Ocean to the Ningaloo Niño region, which also contributes to the reduced turbulent heat loss. A positive cloud–radiation feedback is also found to play a role. Low stratiform cloud is reduced by the underlying warm SSTAs and the weakened air subsidence, which further enhances the SST warming by increasing downward solar radiation. The enhanced Indonesian Throughflow also contributes to the Ningaloo Niño, but only when La Niña co-occurs. Further analysis show that northerly wind anomalies along the West Australian coast can be generated by both remote forcing from the Pacific Ocean (i.e., La Niña) and internal processes of the Indian Ocean, such as the positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). Approximately 40% of the Ningaloo Niño events during 1950–2010 co-occurred with La Niña, and 30% co-occurred with positive IOD. There are also ~30% of the events independent of La Niña and positive IOD, suggesting the importance of other processes in triggering the Ningaloo Niño.

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Beckley, Lynnath E., and Amanda T. Lombard. "A systematic evaluation of the incremental protection of broad-scale habitats at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 1 (2012): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11074.

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Incremental increases to marine conservation areas in response to changing goals, policy, threats or new information are common practice worldwide. Ningaloo Reef, in north-western Australia, is protected by the Ningaloo Marine Park (state waters), which was expanded incrementally in 2004 so that 34% of the park now comprises ‘no-take’ sanctuary zones. To test the hypothesis that all habitats (benthic cover types) at Ningaloo are actually protected at this 34% level, a systematic conservation planning exercise was conducted using existing broad-scale habitat data (as a surrogate for marine biodiversity) and C-Plan decision-support software. Although subtidal and intertidal coral communities were found to be adequately protected, other habitats, particularly those in deeper waters seaward of the reef, did not attain the 34% target. Efficient incremental additions to the sanctuary zones to allow increased representation of these under-represented habitats were explored with C-Plan. It is recommended that systematic conservation planning incorporating new biodiversity and social information (now becoming available) be undertaken for the next iteration of the Ningaloo Marine Park management plan. This analysis at Ningaloo Reef serves as a useful example of a post hoc systematic approach to guide incremental expansion of existing marine protected areas in other parts of the world.

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Norman, Bradley M., Samantha Reynolds, and David L. Morgan. "Does the whale shark aggregate along the Western Australian coastline beyond Ningaloo Reef?" Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 1 (2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15045.

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Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) seasonally aggregate at Western Australia’s Ningaloo Reef in the austral autumn and winter, but their occurrence beyond this region during spring and summer remains elusive. The aggregation at Ningaloo Reef coincides with a pulse of productivity following mass coral spawning in early autumn, with the population during this period dominated by juveniles that amass for feeding purposes. To investigate their movement patterns beyond Ningaloo Reef, whale sharks were fitted with SPOT (n = 13) or SPLASH (n = 1) tags between April and September (2010–14). Tagged whale sharks ranged in total length from 3 to 9 m. Each whale shark was also photographed for its subsequent identification using Wildbook for Whale Sharks, and their years of residency at Ningaloo Reef determined. Temporal and spatial observations of whale shark sightings were also determined through the conducting of interviews with people throughout 14 coastal towns along the Western Australian coastline, as well as through historical sightings and the Wildbook database. Satellite tracking revealed that all sharks remained relatively close to the Western Australian coast, travelling a mean minimum distance of 1667 (±316, s.e.) km. Public reports, coupled with satellite tracking, demonstrated that whale sharks inhabit most of the Western Australian coast (from 35°S to 12°S), and that seasonal migrations beyond Ningaloo Reef may be to the north or south and may similarly be associated with areas of increased productivity.

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5

Jackson, George D., Mark G. Meekan, Simon Wotherspoon, and Christine H. Jackson. "Distributions of young cephalopods in the tropical waters of Western Australia over two consecutive summers." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 2 (January 15, 2008): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm186.

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Abstract Jackson, G. D., Meekan, M. G., Wotherspoon, S., and Jackson, C. H. 2008. Distributions of young cephalopods in the tropical waters of Western Australia over two consecutive summers. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 140–147. Cephalopod paralarvae and juveniles were sampled with light traps deployed at the surface and deeper in the southern NW Shelf and on Ningaloo Reef off Western Australia during two consecutive summers. One cross shelf transect (Exmouth) was sampled in the late spring and summers of 1997/1998 (summer 1) and 1998/1999 (summer 2), and a second cross shelf transect (Thevenard) and a longshore transect (Ningaloo) along the Ningaloo Reef were sampled in summer 2. Species captured in the order of abundance were octopods, Photololigo sp., Sepioteuthis lessoniana, and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis. Most were captured in shallow traps except for Photololigo sp., which was common in both shallow and deep traps with larger animals found in deeper water. The presence of Idiosepius pygmaeus in deep water off Ningaloo Reef revealed the species to be eurytopic, inhabiting a wider range of habitats than previously known. Photololigo sp. and S. lessoniana were more abundant inshore, and octopods were especially abundant on mid-depth stations of the Exmouth transect, probably because of the turbulent mixing and increased productivity there. Fewer S. oualaniensis were caught during the first summer on the Ningaloo transect (n = 5) than during the second summer (n = 79).

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Kataoka, Takahito, Tomoki Tozuka, Swadhin Behera, and Toshio Yamagata. "On the Ningaloo Niño/Niña." Climate Dynamics 43, no. 5-6 (October 15, 2013): 1463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1961-z.

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7

Preen, A. R., H. Marsh, I. R. Lawler, R. I. T. Prince, and R. Shepherd. "Distribution and Abundance of Dugongs, Turtles, Dolphins and other Megafauna in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia." Wildlife Research 24, no. 2 (1997): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr95078.

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Strip-transect aerial surveys of Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf were conducted during the winters of 1989 and 1994. These surveys were designed primarily to estimate the abundance and distribution of dugongs, although they also allowed sea turtles and dolphins, and, to a lesser extent, whales, manta rays and whale sharks to be surveyed. Shark Bay contains a large population of dugongs that is of international significance. Estimates of approximately 10000 dugongs resulted from both surveys. The density of dugongs is the highest recorded in Australia and the Middle East, where these surveys have been conducted. Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef are also important dugong habitats, each supporting in the order of 1000 dugongs. The estimated number of turtles in Shark Bay is comparable to the number in Exmouth Gulf plus Ningaloo Reef (7000–9000). The density of turtles in Ningaloo Reef and, to a lesser extent, Exmouth Gulf is exceptionally high compared with most other areas that have been surveyed by the same technique. Shark Bay supports a substantial population of bottlenose dolphins (2000–3000 minimum estimate). Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef were not significant habitats for dolphins during the winter surveys. Substantial numbers of whales (primarily humpbacks) and manta rays occur in northern and western Shark Bay in winter. Ningaloo Reef is an important area for whale sharks and manta rays in autumn and winter. The Shark Bay Marine Park excludes much of the winter habitats of the large vertebrate fauna of Shark Bay. In 1989 and 1994, more than half of all the dugongs were seen outside the Marine Park (57·4 and 50·7%, respectively). Approximately one-third to one-half of turtles and dolphins were seen outside the Marine Park (in 1989 and 1994 respectively: turtles, 43 and 27%; dolphins, 47 and 32%). Almost all the whales and most of the manta rays were seen outside the Marine Park. Expansion of the Shark Bay Marine Park, to bring it into alignment with the marine section of the Shark Bay World Heritage Area, would facilitate the appropriate management of these populations. This would also simplify the State– Commonwealth collaboration necessary to meet the obligations of World Heritage listing. The coastal waters of Western Australia north of the surveyed area (over 6000 km of coastline) are relatively poorly known and surveys of their marine megafauna are required for wise planning and management.

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8

Guo, Yaru, Yuanlong Li, Fan Wang, Yuntao Wei, and Zengrui Rong. "Processes Controlling Sea Surface Temperature Variability of Ningaloo Niño." Journal of Climate 33, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0698.1.

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AbstractA high-resolution (3–8 km) regional oceanic general circulation model is utilized to understand the sea surface temperature (SST) variability of Ningaloo Niño in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO). The model reproduces eight Ningaloo Niño events with good fidelity and reveals complicated spatial structures. Mesoscale noises are seen in the warming signature and confirmed by satellite microwave SST data. Model experiments are carried out to quantitatively evaluate the effects of key processes. The results reveal that the surface turbulent heat flux (primarily latent heat flux) is the most important process (contribution > 68%) in driving and damping the SST warming for most events, while the roles of the Indonesian Throughflow (~15%) and local wind forcing are secondary. A suitable air temperature warming is essential to reproducing the reduced surface latent heat loss during the growth of SST warming (~66%), whereas the effect of the increased air humidity is negligibly small (1%). The established SST warming in the mature phase causes increased latent heat loss that initiates the decay of warming. A 20-member ensemble simulation is performed for the 2010/11 super Ningaloo Niño, which confirms the strong influence of ocean internal processes in the redistribution of SST warming signatures. Oceanic eddies can dramatically modulate the magnitudes of local SST warming, particularly in offshore areas where the “signal-to-noise” ratio is low, raising a caution for evaluating the predictability of Ningaloo Niño and its environmental consequences.

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9

Gales, Nick, Robert D. McCauley, Janet Lanyon, and Dave Holley. "Change in abundance of dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: evidence for large-scale migration." Wildlife Research 31, no. 3 (2004): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02073.

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The third in a series of five-yearly aerial surveys for dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf was conducted in July 1999. The first two surveys provided evidence of an apparently stable population of dugongs, with ~1000 animals in each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef, and 10 000 in Shark Bay. We report estimates of less than 200 for each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef and ~14 000 for Shark Bay. This is an apparent overall increase in the dugong population over this whole region, but with a distributional shift of animals to the south. The most plausible hypothesis to account for a large component of this apparent population shift is that animals in Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef moved to Shark Bay, most likely after Tropical Cyclone Vance impacted available dugong forage in the northern habitat. Bias associated with survey estimate methodology, and normal changes in population demographics may also have contributed to the change. The movement of large numbers of dugongs over the scale we suggest has important management implications. First, such habitat-driven shifts in regional abundance will need to be incorporated in assessing the effectiveness of marine protected areas that aim to protect dugongs and their habitat. Second, in circumstances where aerial surveys are used to estimate relative trends in abundance of dugongs, animal movements of the type we propose could lead to errors in interpretation.

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10

Marshall, Andrew G., Harry H. Hendon, Ming Feng, and Andreas Schiller. "Initiation and amplification of the Ningaloo Niño." Climate Dynamics 45, no. 9-10 (January 22, 2015): 2367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2477-5.

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11

Kido, Shoichiro, Takahito Kataoka, and Tomoki Tozuka. "Ningaloo Niño simulated in the CMIP5 models." Climate Dynamics 47, no. 5-6 (November 21, 2015): 1469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2913-6.

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12

Lydia Schönberg, Christine Hanna. "The Sponge Gardens of Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Open Marine Biology Journal 4, no. 1 (October 12, 2010): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874450801004010003.

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13

Davis, Derrin. "Whale Shark Tourism in Ningaloo Marine Park, Australia." Anthrozoös 11, no. 1 (March 1998): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279398787000850.

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14

O'Shea, Owen R., Michele Thums, Mike van Keulen, and Mark Meekan. "Bioturbation by stingrays at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 3 (2012): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11180.

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Stingrays are an important part of the biomass of the fishes in shallow coastal ecosystems, particularly in inter-reefal areas. In these habitats, they are considered keystone species – modifying physical and biological habitats through their foraging and predation. Here, we quantify the effects of bioturbation by rays on sand flats of Ningaloo Reef lagoon in Western Australia. We measured the daily length, breadth and depth of 108 feeding pits over three 7‐day periods, created by stingrays (Pastinachus atrus, Himantura spp. Taeniura lymma and Urogymnus asperrimus) in Mangrove Bay. Additionally, an area of ~1 km2 of the lagoon at Coral Bay was mapped three times over 18 months, to record patterns of ray and pit presence. Over 21 days at Mangrove Bay, a total of 1.08 m3 of sediment was excavated by rays, equating to a sediment wet weight of 760.8 kg, and 2.42% of the total area sampled, or 0.03% of the whole intertidal zone. We estimate that up to 42% of the soft sediments in our study area would be reworked by stingrays each year. Based on a model predicting the probability of pit presence over time, there was a 40% probability of ray pits persisting for 4 days before being filled in but only a 15% probability of a pit being present after 7 days. Changes in pit volume over time were static, providing evidence for secondary use. Our results imply that rays play an important ecological role creating sheltered habitats for other taxa in addition to the turnover of sediments.

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Kataoka, Takahito, Tomoki Tozuka, and Toshio Yamagata. "Generation and Decay Mechanisms of Ningaloo Niño/Niña." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 122, no. 11 (November 2017): 8913–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jc012966.

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Ceh, Janja, Mike Van Keulen, and David G. Bourne. "Coral-associated bacterial communities on Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 75, no. 1 (November 2, 2010): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00986.x.

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van Keulen, Mike. "Multiple climate impacts on seagrass dynamics: Amphibolis antarctica patches at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 25, no. 2 (2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18050.

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The impacts of tropical cyclones combined with a marine heatwave are reported for a seagrass community at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. A community of 9.5ha of Amphibolis antarctica was lost following a combination of cyclone-induced burial and a marine heatwave. No new seedlings have been observed since the loss; recruitment of seedlings may be impeded by local ocean circulation.

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Sleeman, Jai C., Mark G. Meekan, Steven G. Wilson, Curt K. S. Jenner, Micheline N. Jenner, Guy S. Boggs, Craig C. Steinberg, and Corey J. A. Bradshaw. "Biophysical correlates of relative abundances of marine megafauna at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 7 (2007): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06213.

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Changes in the relative abundance of marine megafauna (whales, dolphins, sharks, turtles, manta rays, dugongs) from aerial survey sightings in the waters adjacent to Ningaloo Reef between June 2000 and April 2002 are described. Generalised linear models were used to explore relationships between different trophic guilds of animals (based on animal sighting biomass estimates) and biophysical features of the oceanscape that were likely to indicate foraging habitats (regions of primary/secondary production) including sea surface temperature (SST), SST gradient, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), bathymetry (BTH) and bathymetry gradient (BTHg). Relative biomass of krill feeders (i.e. minke whales, whale sharks, manta rays) were related to SST, Chl-a and bathymetry (model [AICc] weight = 0.45) and the model combining these variables explained a relatively large amount (32.3%) of the variation in relative biomass. Relative biomass of fish/cephalopod feeders (dolphins, sharks) were weakly correlated with changes in SST, whereas that of other invertebrate/macroalgal feeders (turtles, dugong) was weakly correlated with changes in steepness of the shelf (bathymetry gradient). Our results indicate that biophysical variables describe only a small proportion of the variance in the relative abundance and biomass of marine megafauna at Ningaloo reef.

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Przeslawski, Rachel, Matthew A. McArthur, and Tara J. Anderson. "Infaunal biodiversity patterns from Carnarvon Shelf (Ningaloo Reef), Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 6 (2013): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12240.

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Infauna are important in many ecological processes but have been rarely considered in biodiversity assessments of coral reefs and surrounding areas. We surveyed infaunal assemblages and associated environmental factors (depth, seabed reflectance, sediment characteristics) in three areas (Mandu, Point Cloates, Gnaraloo) along the Carnarvon Shelf, Western Australia. This region supports Ningaloo Reef, a relatively pristine coral reef protected by the Ningaloo Marine Park and a Commonwealth marine reserve. Macrofauna were sampled with a Smith-McIntyre grab and sieved through 500 µm. A total of 423 species and 4036 individuals was recorded from 145 grabs, with infauna accounting for 67% of species and 78% of individuals. Rare species (≤2 individuals per species) represented 42% of the total assemblage. Assemblages were significantly different among all three areas, with the most distinct recorded from the southern-most area (Gnaraloo). Although assemblages varied significantly with depth and sediment composition (mud and gravel), these relationships were weak. Results from the current study broadly quantify macrofaunal diversity in the region and identify potential spatial and environmental patterns which will help inform future marine management plans, including the provision of baseline information to assess the efficacy of protected areas in soft-sediment habitats adjacent to coral reefs.

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20

Mau, Roland. "Managing for Conservation and Recreation: The Ningaloo Whale Shark Experience." Journal of Ecotourism 7, no. 2&3 (December 1, 2008): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/joe0232.0.

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21

Woo, Mun, Charitha Pattiaratchi, and William Schroeder. "Dynamics of the Ningaloo Current off Point Cloates, Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 57, no. 3 (2006): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05106.

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The Ningaloo Current (NC) is a wind-driven, northward-flowing current present during the summer months along the continental shelf between the latitudes of 22° and 24°S off the coastline of Western Australia. The southward flowing Leeuwin Current is located further offshore and flows along the continental shelf break and slope, transporting warm, relatively fresh, tropical water poleward. A recurrent feature, frequently observed in satellite images (both thermal and ocean colour), is an anti-clockwise circulation located offshore Point Cloates. Here, the seaward extension of the coastal promontory blocks off the broad, gradual southern shelf, leaving only a narrow, extremely steep shelf to the north. The reduction in the cross-sectional area, from the coast to the 50 m contour, between southward and northward of the promontory is ~80%. Here, a numerical model study is undertaken to simulate processes leading to the development of the recirculation feature offshore Point Cloates. The numerical model output reproduced the recirculation feature and indicated that a combination of southerly winds, and coastal and bottom topography, off Point Cloates is responsible for the recirculation. The results also demonstrated that stronger southerly winds generated a higher volume transport in the NC and that the recirculation feature was dependent on the wind speed, with stronger winds decreasing the relative strength of the recirculation.

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22

Kataoka, Takahito, Sébastien Masson, Takeshi Izumo, Tomoki Tozuka, and Toshio Yamagata. "Can Ningaloo Niño/Niña Develop Without El Niño–Southern Oscillation?" Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 14 (July 16, 2018): 7040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gl078188.

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23

Mau, Roland. "Managing for Conservation and Recreation: The Ningaloo Whale Shark Experience." Journal of Ecotourism 7, no. 2-3 (October 2008): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14724040802140550.

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24

Kobryn, Halina T., Kristin Wouters, Lynnath E. Beckley, and Thomas Heege. "Ningaloo Reef: Shallow Marine Habitats Mapped Using a Hyperspectral Sensor." PLoS ONE 8, no. 7 (July 26, 2013): e70105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070105.

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25

Johnson, Michael S., Jane Prince, Anne Brearley, Natalie L. Rosser, and Robert Black. "Is Tridacna maxima (Bivalvia: Tridacnidae) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia?" Molluscan Research 36, no. 4 (May 30, 2016): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13235818.2016.1181141.

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26

Thébaud, Olivier, L. Richard Little, and Elizabeth Fulton. "Evaluation of management strategies in Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia." International Journal of Sustainable Society 6, no. 1/2 (2014): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijssoc.2014.057892.

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27

Taylor, JG. "Seasonal occurrence, distribution and movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 4 (1996): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960637.

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Aerial surveys between 1989 and 1992 demonstrated that large numbers of whale sharks appear on Ningaloo Reef in north-western Australia during autumn, shortly after the coral has undergone mass spawning. This movement into the reef waters would allow whale sharks to capitalize on the increased production of zooplankton brought about as a result of this mass spawning of corals and other marine organisms. Sharks occupied mainly the relatively turbid waters on the reef front, where a northerly current prevailed, rather than the offshore, warmer waters of the southerly flowing Leeuwin Current. The sharks moved in to the reef front from offshore but, once inshore, the majority swam parallel to the reef. The maximum density in any sector of the reef at any one time was four sharks per km, recorded in May 1992. The longer the time since sharks first appeared on the reef, the greater was their tendency to aggregate in a particular region of the reef. Evidence is presented that indicates that whale shark numbers at the northern end of Ningaloo Reef declined during the latter half of the 1980s; this decline may be related to the massive destruction of coral by the gastropod mollusc Drupella cornus during this period.

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Sutton, Alicia L., and Lynnath E. Beckley. "Euphausiid assemblages of the oceanographically complex north-west marine bioregion of Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 11 (2017): 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16334.

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The north-west marine bioregion of Australia, which includes the waters adjacent to the Kimberley and Ningaloo coasts, is influenced by both the Indian and Pacific oceans and has high tropical biodiversity, some of which is conserved in a suite of Marine Protected Areas. In the present study, the epipelagic euphausiid assemblages of this bioregion were investigated and related to the physical and biogeochemical properties of the water column, as well as food availability. Twenty-five euphausiid species were identified, including three new records for Australian waters. Pseudeuphausia latifrons was the most abundant species, dominating the shelf waters across both study areas. Stylocheiron carinatum replaced P. latifrons in the deeper waters where species richness was greater. Off Ningaloo, there were higher concentrations of euphausiids, and this may be linked to the bathymetry, the narrowness of the shelf and the resultant effects of these features on oceanography and biogeochemistry. Assemblages were primarily structured by depth, but mean seawater density, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence and mesozooplankton abundance also significantly explained some of the variation in euphausiid assemblages. The present study has confirmed that the physical and biogeochemical properties of the water column and food availability are recurrent factors affecting euphausiid assemblage variation in the eastern Indian Ocean.

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Onton, K., CA Page, SK Wilson, S. Neale, and S. Armstrong. "Distribution and drivers of coral disease at Ningaloo reef, Indian Ocean." Marine Ecology Progress Series 433 (July 18, 2011): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps09156.

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30

Collins, Lindsay B., Zhong Rong Zhu, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll, and Anton Eisenhauer. "Late Quaternary structure and development of the northern Ningaloo Reef, Australia." Sedimentary Geology 159, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(03)00096-4.

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31

Tozuka, Tomoki, Takahito Kataoka, and Toshio Yamagata. "Locally and remotely forced atmospheric circulation anomalies of Ningaloo Niño/Niña." Climate Dynamics 43, no. 7-8 (January 9, 2014): 2197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-2044-x.

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32

Waite, A. M., V. Rossi, M. Roughan, B. Tilbrook, P. A. Thompson, M. Feng, A. S. J. Wyatt, and E. J. Raes. "Formation and maintenance of high-nitrate, low pH layers in the eastern Indian Ocean and the role of nitrogen fixation." Biogeosciences 10, no. 8 (August 28, 2013): 5691–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5691-2013.

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Abstract. We investigated the biogeochemistry of low dissolved oxygen high-nitrate (LDOHN) layers forming against the backdrop of several interleaving regional water masses in the eastern Indian Ocean, off northwest Australia adjacent to Ningaloo Reef. These water masses, including the forming Leeuwin Current, have been shown directly to impact the ecological function of Ningaloo Reef and other iconic coastal habitats downstream. Our results indicate that LDOHN layers are formed from multiple subduction events of the Eastern Gyral Current beneath the Leeuwin Current (LC); the LC originates from both the Indonesian Throughflow and tropical Indian Ocean. Density differences of up to 0.025 kg m−3 between the Eastern Gyral Current and the Leeuwin Current produce sharp gradients that can trap high concentrations of particles (measured as low transmission) along the density interfaces. The oxidation of the trapped particulate matter results in local depletion of dissolved oxygen and regeneration of dissolved nitrate (nitrification). We document an associated increase in total dissolved carbon dioxide, which lowers the seawater pH by 0.04 units. Based on isotopic measurements (δ15N and δ18O) of dissolved nitrate, we determine that ~ 40–100% of the nitrate found in LDOHN layers is likely to originate from nitrogen fixation, and that, regionally, the importance of N-fixation in contributing to LDOHN layers is likely to be highest at the surface and offshore.

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Waite, A. M., V. Rossi, M. Roughan, B. Tilbrook, J. Akl, P. A. Thompson, M. Feng, A. S. J. Wyatt, and E. J. Raes. "Formation and maintenance of high-nitrate, low pH layers in the Eastern Indian Ocean and the role of nitrogen fixation." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 3951–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-3951-2013.

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Abstract. We investigate the biogeochemistry of Low Dissolved Oxygen High Nitrate layers forming against the backdrop of several interleaving regional water masses in the Eastern Indian Ocean, off northwest Australia adjacent to Ningaloo Reef. These water masses, including the forming Leeuwin Current, have been shown directly to impact the ecological function of Ningaloo Reef and other iconic coastal habitats downstream. Our results indicate that LODHN layers are formed from multiple subduction events of the Eastern Gyral Current beneath the Leeuwin Current (LC); the LC originates from both the Indonesian Throughflow and tropical Indian Ocean. Density differences of up to 0.025 kg m−3 between the Eastern Gyral Current and the Leeuwin Current produce sharp gradients that can trap high concentrations of particles (measured as low transmission) along the density interfaces. The oxidation of the trapped particulate matter results in local depletion of dissolved oxygen and regeneration of dissolved nitrate (nitrification). We document an associated increase in total dissolved carbon dioxide, which lowers the seawater pH by 0.04 units. Based on isotopic measurements (δ15N and δ18O) of dissolved nitrate, we determine that ∼40–100% of the nitrate found in LODHN layers is likely to originate from nitrogen fixation, and that regionally, the importance of N fixation in contributing to LODHN layers is likely be highest at the surface and offshore.

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BRAY, RODNEY A., and THOMAS H. CRIBB. "Stephanostomum tantabiddii n. sp. (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskal, 1775) (Perciformes: Carangidae) from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Zootaxa 457, no. 1 (March 9, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.457.1.1.

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A new species, Stephanostomum tantabiddii n. sp., is described from the yellowspotted trevally Carangoides fulvoguttatus from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. It has 38 45 circum-oral spines and the vitellarium reaches to no less than 17% of the hindbody length from the ventral sucker. It differs from other species of Stephanostomum with these characteristics by various combinations of the ventral hiatus of the circum-oral spine rows, the relatively long pars prostatica and short ejaculatory duct, the elongate body and the wide gaps between the gonads.

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Haslam, Veera M., and Mike van Keulen. "Preliminary observations of corallivorous Drupella cornus feeding aggregations at Rottnest Island, Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 1 (2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18086.

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Predation by the corallivorous gastropod Drupella cornus is well studied in the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific, including Ningaloo Reef and the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. In 1983, Drupella was not found in the Pocillopora colonies of Rottnest Island (Black and Prince 1983), and there has only been one record of D. cornus on Rottnest Island until today. We show the first feeding aggregations of D. cornus on these higher-latitude reefs of Rottnest Island, and highlight the importance of these findings.

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HUNTER, J. A., E. INGRAM, R. D. ADLARD, R. A. BRAY, and T. H. CRIBB. "A cryptic complex of Transversotrema species (Digenea: Transversotrematidae) on labroid, haemulid and lethrinid fishes in the Indo–West Pacific Region, including the description of three new species." Zootaxa 2652, no. 1 (October 21, 2010): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2652.1.2.

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Sequences of ITS2 rDNA of 36 individuals of 16 host/parasite/location combinations of transversotrematids from labrid, scarid, haemulid and lethrinid fishes from Heron and Lizard Islands on the Great Barrier Reef and Ningaloo Reef Western off Australia comprised four distinct genotypes. One genotype was associated with three species of Labridae at Heron Island, the second with eight species of Scaridae at Heron Island, the third with two species of Scaridae from Ningaloo, and the fourth with two species of Lethrinidae and one of Haemulidae from Lizard Island. All four forms are broadly morphologically similar to Transversotrema haasi Witenberg, 1944. The two genotypes from scarids differed at only a single base position and were morphologically indistinguishable; all other combinations of genotypes differed by at least 3 bases. Comparisons between specimens from labrids, scarids, and haemulids and lethrinids revealed consistent differences in the number of vitelline follicles enclosed by the cyclocoel and in the relative sizes of the testes. We conclude that these three forms should be considered distinct species. The species associated with labrids is broadly consistent with and has previously been identified as T. haasi which was originally reported from an unknown fish from the Red Sea. As no molecular comparison can be made between the original T. haasi and the three similar forms from Australia, we propose three new species: Transversotrema elegans n. sp. from labrids, T. gigantica n. sp. from scarids, and T. lacerta n. sp. from haemulids and lethrinids.

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Venables, Stephanie, Frazer McGregor, Lesley Brain, and Mike van Keulen. "Manta ray tourism management, precautionary strategies for a growing industry: a case study from the Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 4 (2016): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc16003.

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Localised population declines and increased pressure from fisheries have prompted the promotion of manta ray interaction tourism as a non-consumptive, yet economically attractive, alternative to the unsustainable harvesting of these animals. Unfortunately, however, wildlife tourism activities have the potential to adversely impact focal species. In order to be sustainable, operations must be managed to mitigate negative impacts. A preliminary assessment of reef manta ray, Manta alfredi, behaviour identified short-term behavioural responses during a third of tourism interactions in the Ningaloo Marine Park, Western Australia. Although it remains unknown whether these responses translate to biologically significant impacts on the population as a whole, it is proposed that the precautionary principle be used to guide management intervention in the absence of conclusive evidence of the magnitude of tourism impacts. The principle supports the implementation of precautionary strategies to protect species and their environment from harm, even when the extent of the harm is yet to be confirmed. An increase in the level of industry management is recommended, including the implementation of a licensing system and adherence of all operators to a mandatory code of conduct during manta ray interactions. Considering the well designed and precautionary-driven management program of the Ningaloo whale shark tourism industry operating within the same marine park, a management program with the same underlying principles and objectives is deemed to be an ideal framework to build a comprehensive management plan for the manta ray interaction industry.

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Thums, Michele, Luciana C. Ferreira, Curt Jenner, Micheline Jenner, Danielle Harris, Andrew Davenport, Virginia Andrews-Goff, et al. "Understanding pygmy blue whale movement and distribution off north Western Australia." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20202.

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The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a listed endangered species under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. A distinct population of blue whales, the eastern Indian Ocean pygmy blue (EIOPB) whale, migrates along the Western Australian coast to the Banda Sea in Indonesia. Their distribution and the delineation of biologically important areas (BIAs) in the north west marine region of the Australian coast are based on limited data with two possible foraging areas identified in the Blue Whale Conservation Management Plan – off Ningaloo and Scott Reef. This uncertainty is a problem because effective management of the many anthropogenic activities associated with industrial development in this area (e.g. oil and gas, commercial shipping and fishing) relies on robust data. To this end, we combined new satellite tag deployments on EIOPB whales off Ningaloo Reef with existing satellite tracking data to provide sufficient data to understand the spatial and temporal extent of the population’s distribution and the movement behaviour in the north west. We also deployed passive acoustic instruments at North West Cape and combined these with existing passive acoustic data from the north west, including 18 deployed instruments and 14 ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). To fill data gaps in our understanding of EIOPB whale broad scale distribution on their northern and southern migration, we undertook three passive acoustic surveys using ocean gliders, thereby providing extensive spatial coverage across the north west.

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Curtis, Michael, Simon Holford, Mark Bunch, and Nick Schofield. "Controls on the preservation of Jurassic volcanism in the Northern Carnarvon Basin." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20137.

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The Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) forms part of the North West Australian margin. This ‘volcanic’ rifted margin formed as Greater India rifted from the Australian continent through the Jurassic, culminating in breakup in the Early Cretaceous. Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous syn-rift intrusive magmatism spans 45000km2 of the western Exmouth Plateau and the Exmouth Sub-basin; however, there is little evidence of associated contemporaneous volcanic activity, with isolated late Jurassic volcanic centres present in the central Exmouth Sub-basin. The scarcity of observed volcanic centres is not typical of the extrusive components expected in such igneous provinces, where intrusive:extrusive ratios are typically 2–3:1. To address this, we have investigated the processes that led to the preservation of a volcanic centre near the Pyrenees field and the Toro Volcanic Centre (TVC). The volcanic centre near the Pyrenees field appears to have been preserved from erosion associated with the basin-wide KV unconformity by fault-related downthrow. However, the TVC, which was also affected by faulting, is located closer to the focus of regional early Cretaceous uplift along the Ningaloo Arch to the south and was partly eroded. With erosion of up to 2.6km estimated across the Ningaloo Arch, which, in places, removed all Jurassic strata, we propose that the ‘Exmouth Volcanic Province’ was originally much larger, extending south from the TVC into the southern Exmouth Sub-basin prior to regional uplift and erosion, accounting for the ‘missing’ volume of extrusive igneous material in the NCB.

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PINDER, ADRIAN M., S. M. EBERHARD, and WILLIAM F. HUMPHREYS. "New phallodrilines (Annelida: Clitellata: Tubificidae) from Western Australian groundwater." Zootaxa 1304, no. 1 (August 28, 2006): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1304.1.3.

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Four species of phallodriline tubificids (Clitellata: Tubificidae) from karst aquifers and caves along the west coast of the state of Western Australia are the first records of this subfamily from nonmarine waters in the southern hemisphere. Aktedrilus parvithecatus (Erséus 1978) and Pectinodrilus ningaloo n. sp. occur in anchialine groundwater of Cape Range, along with other taxa of marine affinity. Aktedrilus leeuwinensis n. sp. and Aktedrilus podeilema n. sp. occur in caves of the Leeuwin-Naturaliste Ridge and Perth Basin respectively and are the first taxa of marine lineage to have been collected from these systems.

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Metaxas, Anna, and Robert E. Scheibling. "Rapid egg transport following coral mass spawning at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Bulletin of Marine Science 92, no. 4 (October 1, 2016): 529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2016.1019.

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Lozano-Montes, Hector M., John K. Keesing, Monique G. Grol, Michael D. E. Haywood, Mathew A. Vanderklift, Russ C. Babcock, and Kevin Bancroft. "Limited effects of an extreme flood event on corals at Ningaloo Reef." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 191 (May 2017): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.04.007.

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43

Wood, David, and Michael Hughes. "Tourism accommodation and economic contribution on the Ningaloo Coast of Western Australia." Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development 3, no. 2 (August 2006): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14790530600938212.

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Tozuka, Tomoki, and Pascal Oettli. "Asymmetric Cloud-Shortwave Radiation-Sea Surface Temperature Feedback of Ningaloo Niño/Niña." Geophysical Research Letters 45, no. 18 (September 27, 2018): 9870–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018gl079869.

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Bessey, C., and A. K. Cresswell. "Masses of the marine insect Pontomyia oceana at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Coral Reefs 35, no. 4 (August 10, 2016): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-016-1488-y.

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Schönberg, Christine Hanna Lydia, and Jane Fromont. "Sponge gardens of Ningaloo Reef (Carnarvon Shelf, Western Australia) are biodiversity hotspots." Hydrobiologia 687, no. 1 (September 8, 2011): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0863-5.

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Wilson, S. G., J. J. Polovina, B. S. Stewart, and M. G. Meekan. "Movements of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) tagged at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Marine Biology 148, no. 5 (November 9, 2005): 1157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0153-8.

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Bray, Rodney A., and Thomas H. Cribb. "Ningalooia psammopercae n. g., n. sp. (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) from the Waigieu seaperch Psammoperca waigiensis (Cuvier) (Perciformes: Latidae) on the Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Systematic Parasitology 66, no. 2 (September 13, 2006): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11230-006-9056-4.

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Sequeira, Ana M. M., Michele Thums, Kim Brooks, and Mark G. Meekan. "Error and bias in size estimates of whale sharks: implications for understanding demography." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 3 (March 2016): 150668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150668.

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Body size and age at maturity are indicative of the vulnerability of a species to extinction. However, they are both difficult to estimate for large animals that cannot be restrained for measurement. For very large species such as whale sharks, body size is commonly estimated visually, potentially resulting in the addition of errors and bias. Here, we investigate the errors and bias associated with total lengths of whale sharks estimated visually by comparing them with measurements collected using a stereo-video camera system at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Using linear mixed-effects models, we found that visual lengths were biased towards underestimation with increasing size of the shark. When using the stereo-video camera, the number of larger individuals that were possibly mature (or close to maturity) that were detected increased by approximately 10%. Mean lengths calculated by each method were, however, comparable (5.002 ± 1.194 and 6.128 ± 1.609 m, s.d.), confirming that the population at Ningaloo is mostly composed of immature sharks based on published lengths at maturity. We then collated data sets of total lengths sampled from aggregations of whale sharks worldwide between 1995 and 2013. Except for locations in the East Pacific where large females have been reported, these aggregations also largely consisted of juveniles (mean lengths less than 7 m). Sightings of the largest individuals were limited and occurred mostly prior to 2006. This result highlights the urgent need to locate and quantify the numbers of mature male and female whale sharks in order to ascertain the conservation status and ensure persistence of the species.

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Lester, Emily, Conrad Speed, Dani Rob, Peter Barnes, Kelly Waples, and Holly Raudino. "Using an Electronic Monitoring System and Photo Identification to Understand Effects of Tourism Encounters on Whale Sharks in Ningaloo Marine Park." Tourism in Marine Environments 14, no. 3 (October 23, 2019): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427319x15634581669992.

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In-water shark-based tourism is growing worldwide and whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) are one of the most popular targets of this industry. It is important to monitor tourism industries to minimize any potential impacts on target species. At Ningaloo, Western Australia, Electronic Monitoring Systems (EMS) have been installed on licensed tour vessels to collect information on encounters between snorkelers and whale sharks. This study combined data from the EMS with whale shark identification photographs, to assess the impact of in-water tourism on the encounter duration for individual sharks. During 2011 and 2012, 948 encounters with 229 individual sharks were recorded using EMS. Encounter durations between whale sharks and tourism vessels ranged between 1 and 59 min (mean = 11 min 42 s, SD = ±11 min 19 s). We found no evidence for a decline in encounter duration after repeated tourist encounters with individual sharks. Encounter duration varied among tourism operator vessels and were shorter when the sex of the whale shark could not be identified. Given that individual sharks were swum with on average 2.4 times per day (±SD 2.08), and up to 16 times over the course of the study, our results suggest that there is no evidence of long-term impacts of tourism on the whale sharks at Ningaloo. However, the inclusion of well-defined categories of whale shark behaviors and information regarding how interactions between tourists and whale sharks end will complement the data already collected by the EMS. This preliminary investigation demonstrates the potential for the EMS as a data resource to better understand and monitor the impacts of tourism interactions on whale sharks.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ningaloo'

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