Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ningaloo World Heritage Site

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Ningaloo World Heritage Site'

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Published: 19 December 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Ningaloo World Heritage Site"

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Kobryn, Halina T., Lynnath E. Beckley, and Kristin Wouters. "Bathymetry Derivatives and Habitat Data from Hyperspectral Imagery Establish a High-Resolution Baseline for Managing the Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Remote Sensing 14, no. 8 (April 10, 2022): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14081827.

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The Ningaloo Reef, Australia’s longest fringing reef, is uniquely positioned in the NW region of the continent, with clear, oligotrophic waters, relatively low human impacts, and a high level of protection through the World Heritage Site and its marine park status. Non-invasive optical sensors, which seamlessly derive bathymetry and bottom reflectance, are ideally suited for mapping and monitoring shallow reefs such as Ningaloo. Using an existing airborne hyperspectral survey, we developed a new, geomorphic layer for the reef for depths down to 20 m, through an object-oriented classification that combines topography and benthic cover. We demonstrate the classification approach using three focus areas in the northern region of the Muiron Islands, the central part around Point Maud, and Gnaraloo Bay in the south. Topographic mapping combined aspect, slope, and depth into 18 classes and, unsurprisingly, allocated much of the area into shallow, flat lagoons, and highlighted narrow, deeper channels that facilitate water circulation. There were five distinct geomorphic classes of coral-algal mosaics in different topographic settings. Our classifications provide a useful baseline for stratifying ecological field surveys, designing monitoring programmes, and assessing reef resilience from current and future threats.
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Thomson, Damian P., Anna K. Cresswell, Christopher Doropoulos, Michael D. E. Haywood, Melanie Orr, and Andrew S. Hoey. "Hidden Giants: The Story of Bolbometopon muricatum at Ningaloo Reef." Fishes 6, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes6040073.

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Bolbometopon muricatum (bumphead parrotfish, Valenciennes, 1839) is a conspicuous, iconic and ecologically important coral reef fish species. B. muricatum plays an important role in the bioerosion of the reef framework and as a result has been described as both an ecosystem engineer and keystone species. Despite the complete absence of B. muricatum from 32 years of scientific surveys across the Ningaloo Reef World Heritage Area, we recorded a total of 155 individuals of B. muricatum across 63.2 ha of reef crest surveys, equating to mean density of 2.38 ind/ha. Our observations represent the first record of this iconic species in scientific surveys at Ningaloo and in combination with qualitative observations of B. muricatum by expert witnesses, indicate B. muricatum is likely to have been present in ecologically relevant densities since 2006. The densities of B. muricatum observed at northern Ningaloo in 2021 suggest this species is removing an estimated 13.42 tonnes/ha or 1.34 kg/m2 of calcium carbonate per year, which is broadly comparable with estimates of total parrotfish bioerosion across many reefs in the central Indian and Pacific Oceans. Although not currently afforded elevated conservation status within management plans, B. muricatum possess many life-history characteristics that make them vulnerable to overfishing and may justify consideration for increased protection within the world heritage listed Ningaloo Reef Marine Park.
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Jones, Tod, Roy Jones, and Michael Hughes. "Heritage designation and scale: a World Heritage case study of the Ningaloo Coast." International Journal of Heritage Studies 22, no. 3 (December 22, 2015): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2015.1120226.

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Preen, A. R., H. Marsh, I. R. Lawler, R. I. T. Prince, and R. Shepherd. "Distribution and Abundance of Dugongs, Turtles, Dolphins and other Megafauna in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia." Wildlife Research 24, no. 2 (1997): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr95078.

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Strip-transect aerial surveys of Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf were conducted during the winters of 1989 and 1994. These surveys were designed primarily to estimate the abundance and distribution of dugongs, although they also allowed sea turtles and dolphins, and, to a lesser extent, whales, manta rays and whale sharks to be surveyed. Shark Bay contains a large population of dugongs that is of international significance. Estimates of approximately 10000 dugongs resulted from both surveys. The density of dugongs is the highest recorded in Australia and the Middle East, where these surveys have been conducted. Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef are also important dugong habitats, each supporting in the order of 1000 dugongs. The estimated number of turtles in Shark Bay is comparable to the number in Exmouth Gulf plus Ningaloo Reef (7000–9000). The density of turtles in Ningaloo Reef and, to a lesser extent, Exmouth Gulf is exceptionally high compared with most other areas that have been surveyed by the same technique. Shark Bay supports a substantial population of bottlenose dolphins (2000–3000 minimum estimate). Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef were not significant habitats for dolphins during the winter surveys. Substantial numbers of whales (primarily humpbacks) and manta rays occur in northern and western Shark Bay in winter. Ningaloo Reef is an important area for whale sharks and manta rays in autumn and winter. The Shark Bay Marine Park excludes much of the winter habitats of the large vertebrate fauna of Shark Bay. In 1989 and 1994, more than half of all the dugongs were seen outside the Marine Park (57·4 and 50·7%, respectively). Approximately one-third to one-half of turtles and dolphins were seen outside the Marine Park (in 1989 and 1994 respectively: turtles, 43 and 27%; dolphins, 47 and 32%). Almost all the whales and most of the manta rays were seen outside the Marine Park. Expansion of the Shark Bay Marine Park, to bring it into alignment with the marine section of the Shark Bay World Heritage Area, would facilitate the appropriate management of these populations. This would also simplify the State– Commonwealth collaboration necessary to meet the obligations of World Heritage listing. The coastal waters of Western Australia north of the surveyed area (over 6000 km of coastline) are relatively poorly known and surveys of their marine megafauna are required for wise planning and management.
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Xu, Jiangtao, Ryan J. Lowe, Gregory N. Ivey, Nicole L. Jones, and Zhenlin Zhang. "Ocean Transport Pathways to a World Heritage Fringing Coral Reef: Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." PLOS ONE 11, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): e0145822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145822.

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Kimura, Makoto, Peou Hang, and Shinji Tsukawaki. "Accessibility of World Heritage Site." Journal of Global Tourism Research 6, no. 2 (2021): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37020/jgtr.6.2_121.

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Hughes, Michael, Tod Jones, and Ian Phau. "Community Perceptions of a World Heritage Nomination Process: The Ningaloo Coast Region of Western Australia." Coastal Management 44, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2016.1135275.

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Mohd Rodzi, Nur Izzati, Saniah Ahmad Zaki, and Syed Mohd Hassan Syed Subli. "Sustainability of Cultural Heritage in World Heritage Site, Melaka." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 1, no. 4 (November 1, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v1i4.43.

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Cultural heritage is constructed from the intrinsic relationship between three fundamentals: society; tangible cultural heritage (TCH); and intangible cultural heritage (ICH). To sustain, cultural heritage relies on the social behaviour of society. Thus, reflecting fragility of heritage. Hence, this paper attempts to discourse the society’s behaviour towards ICH. Exploratory case study was employed by adapting five social behaviour related-criterions required by UNESCO. The data was analysed using two techniques: (1) simple statistical; and (2) thematic. The results indicate that the status of ICH is threatened due to the weak viability level and minimal safeguarding effort by the ‘society’.2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: social behaviour; intangible cultural heritage; world heritage site; threatened
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Conway, Frederick J. "Local and public heritage at a World Heritage site." Annals of Tourism Research 44 (January 2014): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.09.007.

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De Jong, Menno D. T., and Yuguang Wu. "Functional Complexity and Web Site Design." Journal of Business and Technical Communication 32, no. 3 (March 18, 2018): 347–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1050651918762029.

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Functional complexity is a widespread and underresearched phenomenon in Web sites. This article explores a specific case of functional complexity by analyzing the content of UNESCO World Heritage Web sites, which have to meet demands from both World Heritage and tourism perspectives. Based on a functional analysis, a content checklist was developed and used to evaluate a sample of 30 World Heritage Web sites. The results show that World Heritage Web sites generally fall short in all content categories. A cluster analysis reveals three types of World Heritage Web sites based on their emphasis on World Heritage content versus tourism content: (a) less well-developed Web sites (no emphasis), (b) Web sites of World Heritage Sites with touristic possibilities (emphasis on World Heritage), and (c) Web sites of touristic attractions with outstanding cultural or natural value (emphasis on tourism). In all, the findings show that functional complexity poses serious threats to the exhaustiveness of a Web site’s information and that evaluation approaches based on functional analysis can be useful in detecting blindspots in the content provided.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ningaloo World Heritage Site"

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Lee, Mei-wah Mabel, and 李美樺. "Wun Yiu Pottery Kiln Site: a potential world heritage site?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42188684.

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Lee, Mei-wah Mabel. "Wun Yiu Pottery Kiln Site a potential world heritage site? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42188684.

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Rangoni, Gargano Elena <1994&gt. "Governance and management of the World Heritage Site." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16062.

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La tesi, Governance and management of the World Heritage Site, è il risultato di molte riflessioni a posteriori di uno stage di sei mesi presso l'Ufficio del sito di "Venezia e la sua laguna". Ufficio del sito Unesco deve garantire una buona gestione e governance del sito stesso, termini spesso fraintesi e confusi; durante l’esperienza di stage ho potuto osservare i diversi problemi di governance legati ai diversi attori coinbvolti nella gestione del sito. Ho deciso di iniziare la mia ricerca sulla governance dei siti del patrimonio mondiale con il tutor dell'Università Ca 'Foscari, prof. Fabrizio Panozzo, e co-tutorato dall'arch. Katia Basili, coordinatrice di "Venezia e la sua laguna". L'obiettivo è analizzare le principali difficoltà per comprendere la differenza tra gestione e governance e il suo utilizzo nel contesto dei siti del patrimonio mondiale, con il fine di migliorare il suo significato e la sua presenza nel piano di gestione. Quindi, per raggiungere questo obiettivo, la ricerca parte dalla necessità di una migliore comprensione della terminologia della governance; è stato ricercato il termine all’interno della letteratura accademica e dei documenti UNESCO (Politiche, Linee guida, Manuali, in particolare nel Piano di gestione); ed è stato distribuito un sondaggio a diversi siti europei per comprendere meglio la tutela del Patrimonio Mondiale. Questa nuova consapevolezza ha portato a una migliore comprensione della governance. Le nuove scoperte sono state utili per comprendere un possibile e futuro sviluppo del Piano di gestione per il Sito di "Venezia e la sua Laguna
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Tang, Jie. "The Chinese Grand Canal World Heritage Site : living heritage in the 21st century?" Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20989/.

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The Chinese Grand Canal, contrived in the late thirteenth century to provide a safe route to the capital Beijing from the south of China for the imperial grain tribute, during the sixteenth century became the main trade artery. This canal consisted of a linear network of linked rivers and lakes, often improved to enable barges to pass and interconnected with sections of canals. In order to pass the undulating topography the watercourses were adapted with sluices of various kinds, and over its existence the main challenge was to negotiate droughts and flooding that often required new courses to be adopted and/or innovative methods in order to preserve water or circumnavigate flood damaged areas. During the twentieth century it had gradually fallen in disuse and became neglected. Yet during the Mao era sections were revived for shipping coal and were re-made sometimes on the course of the old canal, sometimes elsewhere. Other sections were removed and materials quarried for other uses. Remarkably at the same time the concept of the Grand Canal was also celebrated. By the time the Canal was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Register in June 2014 there was little left of the historic fabric. In the years running up to this nomination there had been efforts to re-create some of the heritage, with the government focussing on the canal as a tourist destination. When it was finally inscribed the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) expressed concerns about the state of the original fabric and the ‘modern’ heritage created. However, the state government still holds a rose-tinted view of the various issues relating to the condition of the canal, and the propaganda and economic initiatives by the government have made it very difficult to voice criticisms. As a result canal heritage continues to be treated inappropriately with little respect for the final fragments of original fabric that still survive. This thesis aims to identify the values of the Grand Canal through a critical assessment of its historical development, and surveys the various issues relating to the heritage using the Shandong section as a case study and then explores the appropriateness and effectiveness of the current methodologies and approaches, as to whether the canal meets the criteria as a World Heritage Site; whether perhaps other designations would be more suitable; and that perhaps the canal heritage should form the basis for an alternative development methodology, addressing a new agenda regarding sustainability, climate change and mounting health problems.
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NISHIMURA, Yoshihiko, Yoshiaki NISHIKAWA, and Devi Roza KAUSAR. "How could Management of Borobudur World Heritage Site be Enhanced for Improving Tourism Impact for the Community ? : A Preliminary Comparison with Angkor World Heritage Site." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14541.

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Renwick, Esther Kate. "The experience of space and place in World Heritage Site management." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2017. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-experience-of-space-and-place-in-world-heritage-site-management(1f0e0b79-41ef-4618-b698-41452390bb7a).html.

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This thesis explores the relationship between academic discourse and visitor experience at World Heritage Sites, investigating whether it is possible to put ‘’authenticity based on sound research’’ at the heart of the visitor experience (ICOMOS 2011), whilst still “preserving and promoting the spirit of place” (ICOMOS 2008). Using an original methodology inspired by phenomenography and ethnography, three case studies were used to look at the collective experiences of the other, as opposed to the self (as seen in phenomenology). Using participant observation, interviews and analysis of online reviews a comprehensive picture was built up of the embodied experience of the visitor. Three very different World Heritage Site case studies were used to represent typical U.K/European site types – the rural prehistoric site represented by the Heart of Neolithic Orkney, the Roman military site by Housesteads Roman Fort on Hadrian’s Wall and the urban medieval secular and religious sites by Durham Castle and Cathedral. Exploring the visitor experience of these sites allowed comparative analysis, revealing a complex and embodied visitor engagement. Visitors proved more critical and actively mindful than they are often portrayed but struggled to connect with the monuments as the materiality of past communities, sites that were once vibrant living places. Proposing the use of concepts of dwelling and embodied encounter this thesis provides a detailed case for rethinking the relationship between World Heritage Site Management Plans and Research Frameworks to prioritise the experiential. Interpreting not merely what remains, but what was there in the past, to bring the context back the these monuments in a more holistic manner; aspiring to a presentation that empowers the visitor by giving them access to more information in a way that is not data heavy but relies on their own experiences as a being-in-the-world.
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Istasse, Manon. "Living in a World Heritage site: ethnography of the Fez medina (Morocco)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209406.

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I aim to make explicit the actualisation of heritage, following this orienting question: how do human beings come to qualify a thing, be it tangible or intangible, as heritage? I argue that heritage is at the same time a quality allocated by human beings in their relation with things and a fiction that circulates between and anchors in situation(s). To support this assertion, I focus on one element of official heritage, namely houses in the medina of Fez in Morocco, a World Heritage site listed in 1981.

Firstly, I follow medina houses in terms of networks, that is to say the various ways to engage with their materiality in the everyday life. In this ethnographic report, I wonder how to inhabit houses located in a World Heritage site. This ethnography allows to question notions such as legality, taste, privacy, hospitality tradition or agency, and it brings to the fore a debate concerning the skills of Moroccan inhabitants to take care of their house and their blindness to heritage. I argue that houses have another story the official heritage one because they offer holds, affordances, to which human actors qualify. Heritage is one of these qualities.

I then focus on heritage as a trajectory to shed light on how houses cross the heritage border – are qualified as heritage. I firstly add the category of autodidact experts and I propose a wider definition of expertise as an ability "to speak in the name of". I then underline the importance of senses and affects in the relation with houses and I suggest that they are one possible component in the heritage qualification together with actions and justification. Finally, I argue that better than the notion of heritage border, the notion of attachment allows grasping the qualification of houses as heritage for it stresses both the similarities and the differences between houses and elements of heritage. Heritage as a quality results from a "plus of attention" and relates to nostalgia or a feeling of threat, loss and disappearing; values related to purity, materiality and time; and actions of preservation and transmission.

Finally, houses may be heritage through their qualification but heritage is also something else than houses in Fez, such as a label or a justification for members of institution in charge of tourism development or heritage preservation, a tool for sustainable development in the context of international projects, a definition assorted with criteria, an object to preserve for experts, an object of research in the field of social sciences, or a legal object. These are forms of heritage circulating between situations in which they anchor and are actualised. Each form has its own characteristics, its own criteria of (e)valuation, while all the forms share similarities that I define as the heritage fiction, namely a specific relation to the past, the idea of culture as a specific entity, the importance of experts, and moral principles. In a last time, I take as a basis the circulation and the anchorage of the heritage fiction and its forms to think of the local and the global as qualities and not as scales or levels.

Mon objectif est d'expliciter l'actualisation du patrimoine en décrivant la manière dont les individus qualifient une chose, dans ce cas les maisons de la médina de Fès au Maroc (site du patrimoine mondial depuis 1981), de patrimoine. Dans ce cadre, je définis le patrimoine à la fois comme une qualité que les individus attribuent à cette chose dans leur relation avec elle, et comme une fiction qui circule entre et s'ancre en situation(s).

Tout d'abord, je m'intéresse aux réseaux qui passent par et se croisent dans les maisons et je pose la question de l'engagement des individus avec la matérialité des maisons. Cette ethnographie de l'habitat quotidien dans un site du patrimoine mondial permet d'aborder des notions telles la légalité, le goût, l'intimité, l'hospitalité, la tradition ou l'agency. Elle met également en avant un débat sur les compétences des habitants à prendre soin de leur maison et sur leur aveuglement au patrimoine. Je défends l'idée que les maisons ont une autre histoire que celle, officielle, du patrimoine national et mondial et qu'elles proposent aux individus des prises et affordances que ces derniers peuvent qualifier. Le patrimoine est une de ces qualités.

Une étude de la trajectoire du patrimoine permet alors d'expliciter comment les maisons traversent la frontière patrimoniale (sont qualifiées de patrimoine). Tout en proposant une définition plus large de l'expertise comme la capacité de "parler au nom de", je relative l'opposition entre experts et non-experts avec la catégorie intermédiaire d'amateur. Je souligne également l'importance des sens et des affects dans la relation aux maisons qui, tout comme les actions et les justifications, constituent des composantes possibles de la qualification patrimoniale. Enfin, la notion d'attachement, mieux que celle de frontière patrimoniale, met en lumière à la fois ce qui est similaire et ce qui distingue les maisons et les éléments de patrimoine. Le patrimoine est une qualité qui résulte d'un "plus d'attention" relatifs à de la nostalgie ou un sentiment de perte, de menace ou de disparition; des valeurs de pureté, matérielles et temporelles; et des actions de préservation et de transmission.

Finalement, le patrimoine est aussi autre chose que des maisons à Fès, comme un objet à préserver, un objet légal, un objet de recherche pour les universitaires, un label servant de justification ou d'accroche promotionnelle de la ville, un outil dans le cadre du développement durable, une définition assortie de critères. Ces multiples patrimoines sont autant de formes de la "fiction patrimoniale" qui circulent entre et s'ancrent en situation(s). Si chacune possède ses caractéristiques et critères d'évaluation, toutes partagent les caractéristiques de la fiction patrimoniale, à savoir un rapport spécifique au temps, l'importance des experts, des principes moraux et une idée de la culture comme entité particulière. Je me base sur la circulation et l'ancrage de la fiction et de ses formes pour penser le local et le global comme des qualités d'une chose et non comme des niveaux ou des échelles.


Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Joy, Charlotte Louise. "Enchanting town of mud : the politics of heritage in Djenne, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Mali." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444206/.

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This thesis examines UNESCO's World Heritage project in Djenne, a World Heritage site in Mali. It argues that only through a thorough understanding of UNESCO's history and political structure can the ideological basis for its work be revealed. UNESCO's recent focus on intangible heritage provides a model for examining the difficulties it encounters in Djenne. Accordingly, UNESCO's move from a concentration on 'outstanding universal value' and an archival approach to cultural heritage towards a more dynamic emphasis on cultural transmission finds a resonance in Djenne. A study of the work of artisans, guides and the Festival du Djennery held in the town all reveal cultural heritage to be a negotiated practice, in need of constant adaptation to remain relevant to a population struggling to live in conditions of extreme poverty.
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Maharjan, Sacheen. "Impacts of tourism in world heritage site: a case of Bhaktapur Durbar Square, Nepal." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49885558.

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This study focuses on Bhaktapur Durbar Square, one of the monument zone of Kathmandu Valley World Heritage Site which lies within a Bhaktapur city, an ancient historic town. Through survey research targeting local people and key informants interviews, this study tried to investigate on the domains of major impacts from the cultural tourism in Bhaktapur Durbar Square from the perspective of local community. The study then explores the different factors serving to generate the impacts from macro and micro level of context. Macro level deals with the international and national context whereas micro level deals with local context. Using data collection methods such as interviews with organizations involved in the management of WHS, tourism, expert interviews, primary and secondary data analysis, which is to explore factors affecting the generation of tourism impacts for the community, is carried out. By combining the research conducted at the community level and the many influencing factors, the study intends to explain the socio-economic-cultural heritage impacts at the community level in light of the management or governing process of the WHS, the institutional arrangement as well as the interactions between organizations, and in the context of policy – which is reflected in the current legal framework influencing the site. This study finds that cultural tourism in Bhaktapur has contributed significantly to local government’s tax revenue particularly through tourist entry fee which in turn contributed in the conservation of the world heritage properties. However, the study also found that there have been limited positive impacts of cultural tourism for the majority of local people i.e. farmers group. Tourism has not encouraged the growth in the agriculture sector – a sector in which more than 60% of the farmers are involved. The concentrated tourism development at the core area of the city imparts the economic disparity among the people one who live in the core area and one beyond it. This study also found that tourism in Bhaktapur has limited impacts in raising the standard of living, household income, skills and training, infrastructure and public facilities. In the analysis of factors in the international context, this study argues that the nomination process, guidance from relevant international organizations and development in WHS discourse have influenced the cultural tourism development – although not directly. In terms of the national context, it finds that there is a lack of comprehensive policies and planning for conservation and tourism development which works in separate institutional framework. Analysis of factors in the local context, problems at the local area, such as decreasing agriculture land, inefficient management plan, lack of political commitment, lack of awareness and education, limited scope of work, lack of community organization, etc contribute to the perceived tourism impacts. This study finds institutional problems such as lack of planning mechanism, difficulties in coordination as well as legal framework that prevent the management system from working together to address local issues. This study recommends that a strong cooperation and coordination mechanism should be established under the framework of comprehensive community development and management plan in order to develop local economy alongside with tourism and contributing to wider benefits to the local community. A community based tourism strategy is recommended in order to reduce the disparity, directly benefiting the community and encouraging the local community to involve in decision making process. All of these efforts may help to realize at the micro level, the ideal of WHS for development that has been stated by organizations such as UNESCO in the macro level.
published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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Verster, Mia. "The wall and the veil : reclaiming women's space in a world heritage site." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45278.

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In the Stone Town of Zanzibar, a World Heritage Site, the amalgamation of various cultures has created a complex architectural as well as cultural heritage. Public space is regarded as male space due to the strong Islamic legacy, and currently women have very limited access to public or recreational spaces, despite prominent spaces having been available for their exclusive use historically. However, cultural practices are slowly changing as women are gaining better access to education, the workplace and decision-making roles, and are thus moving into the public realm. The project investigates the potential of architecture to react to and accommodate this shift. Gender roles are acknowledged as valuable social constructs and the project aims to facilitate the creation of a living, changing heritage. This proposal for a women’s centre in Stone Town draws from both the tangible and intangible heritage to develop a contemporary interpretation of traditional values and aesthetics while aiming to empower women in their quest to reclaim public space. The project is located on a street that had formed part of a previous planning scheme to incorporate vehicles into the dense town, and had subsequently developed as a scar in the urban fabric. A public square that has fallen into disuse due to illegal construction and an enclosed garden next to it offers the opportunity to revitalise the area. The proposed project will consist of areas that afford the following activities, each suitably designed to respond to and maximise the gender-related needs and restrictions of the activities: demonstration workshops, shops, restaurant and demonstration kitchen, offi ce space, study area and library, turkish bath, swimming pool, and various garden spaces. The architecture will explore the application of traditional technologies in the construction of contemporary buildings in order to develop an architectural language that fi ts harmoniously within its surroundings but contributes to the legacy of outstanding architecture in Stone Town.
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Books on the topic "Ningaloo World Heritage Site"

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Kuzman, Pasko. Ohrid world heritage site. Skopje: Cultural Heritage Protection Office, 2009.

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Kihlberg, Kurt. Världsarvet Laponia: Lapplands världsarv = Laponia World Heritage Site : Lapland's world heritage site. Rosvik: Förlagshuset Nordkalotten, 2004.

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Archer, Michael. Australia's lost world: Riversleigh, world heritage site. [Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Reed New Holland, 2000.

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Istasse, Manon. Living in a World Heritage Site. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17451-4.

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Kihlberg, Kurt. Världsarvet Laponia = World heritage site Laponia. Rosvik: Nordkalotten, 2004.

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Olsson, Tove Falk. Drottningholm, a living world heritage site. Stockholm: Max Ström, Bokförlaget, 2020.

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McKaye, Kenneth R. Lake Malawi National Park: World heritage site. Lilongwe, Malawi: HEEED, 2008.

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Austen, Paul. Hadrian's Wall world heritage site: Management plan. [S.l.]: English Heritage [for] Hadrian's Wall World Heritage Site Management Plan Committee, 2002.

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Wee, Bonny. Malacca: A world heritage site : historically majestic. [Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Purple Productions & PR Consultans (M), 2009.

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Southwestern Illinois Tourism & Convention Bureau. Cahokia Mounds: World heritage site : Collinsville, Illinois. Collinsville, Ill: Southwestern Illinois Tourism & Convention Bureau, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ningaloo World Heritage Site"

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Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "Ningaloo Coast, Australia." In Coastal World Heritage Sites, 171–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1528-5_26.

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Jones, Tod, Roy Jones, and Michael Hughes. "Scale and world heritage on the Ningaloo Coast." In Heritage is Movement, 48–53. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003374008-5.

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Woodward, Simon C., and Louise Cooke. "Benefits of World Heritage Site Status." In World Heritage, 95–123. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003044857-9.

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Johnston, Andrew Scott. "Inventing a World Heritage Site." In Thinking Heritage Through China, 71–84. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003457558-7.

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Chuva, Márcia, Leila Bianchi Aguiar, and Brenda Coelho Fonseca. "Sensitive memories at a World Heritage Site." In Decolonizing Colonial Heritage, 175–92. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003100102-12.

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Khoo, Suet Leng, and Nicole Shu Fun Chang. "George Town – UNESCO World Heritage Site." In Creative City as an Urban Development Strategy, 95–114. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1291-6_6.

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Istasse, Manon. "Heritage: Forms, Grammar and Circulation." In Living in a World Heritage Site, 241–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17451-4_8.

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Desai, Jigna. "Walled City of Ahmedabad, a World Heritage site." In Equity in Heritage Conservation, 34–75. New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in architectural conservation and historic preservation: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429468735-3.

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Riedl, Doris, Reinhard Roetzel, Ronald E. Pöppl, and Tobias Sprafke. "Wachau World Heritage Site: A Diverse Riverine Landscape." In World Geomorphological Landscapes, 163–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92815-5_10.

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Istasse, Manon. "Introduction." In Living in a World Heritage Site, 1–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17451-4_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ningaloo World Heritage Site"

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Diasamidze, Inga, Gia Bolkvadze, Natela Varshanidze, and Nana Zarnadze. "MACROMYCETES OF BEECH FOREST IN MTIRALA NATIONAL PARK, GEORGIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024, 375–82. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s14.44.

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This review provides an overview of the diversity of macromycetes (fungi with visible fruiting bodies) in Mtirala national park beech forests, highlighting their ecological roles and significance within these ecosystems. Mtirala National Park is a protected area in Adjara region, Western Georgia. It is part of the Colchic Rainforests and Wetlands, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Mtirala National Park Colchic broad-leaved and mixed forests include sweet chestnut and Oriental beech woods. Mount Mtirala is one of the most humid areas in the country. The fungal community in beech forests encompasses a wide range of taxa, including edible mushrooms, wood-decay fungi, mycorrhizal associates, and decomposers. Hypsizygus tessellatus (Beech Mushroom), Armillaria mellea (Honey Fungus), and Fomes fomentarius (Tinder Fungus) are among the common species found in these forests, contributing to nutrient cycling and decomposition processes. Furthermore, mycorrhizal fungi such as Ganoderma spp. (Reishi Mushrooms) and Phellinus spp. (Cracked-cap Polypore) form symbiotic relationships with beech trees, enhancing their nutrient uptake and overall health. The presence of Laetiporus sulphureus (Chicken of the Woods) and Xylaria polymorpha (Dead Man's Fingers) on decaying wood further highlights the dynamic interactions between fungi and their substrates in beech forests. Understanding the diversity and ecological roles of macromycetes in beech forests is crucial for conservation efforts and sustainable forest management practices. Continued research into these fungi will provide valuable insights into the functioning and resilience of beech forest ecosystems in the face of environmental changes and anthropogenic disturbances.
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Navickiene, Egle. "New Buildings in the Vilnius Historical Centre, a UNESCO World Heritage Site." In Urban Heritage: Research, Interpretation, Education. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Publishing House Technika, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/uh20070925.83-89.

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Nollet, Dries, Carlotta Capurro, and Daniel Pletinckx. "Battery Aachen using landscape reconstruction for on-site exploration of a World War one military unit." In 2015 Digital Heritage. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/digitalheritage.2015.7413839.

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Merxhani, Kreshnik, and Valmira Bozgo. "Heritage under pressure the case of the “bypass” in Gjirokastra world heritage site Albania." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2017.42.

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Vichitvejpaisal, Pongsagon, Natchaya Porwongsawang, and Phornchanok Ingpochai. "Relive History: VR time travel at the world heritage site." In VRCAI '19: The 17th International Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3359997.3365733.

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Bista, D., A. Bista, P. Bhusal, and B. B. Chhetri. "OPTIMUM SPECTRUM OF LED LIGHTING FOR CULTURAL AND HERITAGE SITE: A CASE STUDY OF 15TH CENTURY WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN NEPAL." In CIE 2021 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x48.2021.po05.

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Nepal houses several architecturally and culturally rich heritage sites and monuments. These sites are recognised globally and are of immense importance to the local and worldwide audience. The majority were constructed during the 15th to 18th century and were designed to incorporate oil or fat-based wick lamps for lighting. The intervention of modern electric lighting in these structures should be carried out without conceding cultural values, visual perception, and traditional outlook. However, in most sites, there are no lighting or unscientific lighting interventions which are inappropriate, unsurpassed, exaggerated, and unpleasant. The light source spectrum is an essential factor in enhancing the natural appearance, increasing luminance, reducing degradation of artefacts by photochemical action, and reducing power consumption. The study aims to characterise the white light spectrum for its appropriateness to enhance the optical parameters by observing the spectral reflectance of the building materials of these sites. The experiment uses RGB tunes LED light source to obtain white light of different SPD and CCT. Building materials from Bhaktapur Durbar Square and Tripureshwor Mahadev temple and light SPD with CCT in the range of 1735 to 7669 K were used for the study. The study thus makes recommendations for an appropriate spectrum of light sources for Nepal’s heritage sites and monuments based on the experimental findings.
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Park, Jin-ho, Tufail Muhammad, and Ahn Jae-hong. "The 3D reconstruction and visualization of Seokguram Grotto World Heritage Site." In 2014 International Conference on Virtual Systems & Multimedia (VSMM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vsmm.2014.7136646.

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Kao, Huei-Ling, Huann-Ming Chou, and Hwo-Ching Chang. "A discussion of the significance of the world heritage site: Dayan ta." In 2016 International Conference on Advanced Materials for Science and Engineering (ICAMSE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icamse.2016.7840281.

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Wang, Xiaonan, Yancong Su, and Yi Sun. "Information Technology and Cultural Education Model Based on World Heritage Site Kulangsu." In 2021 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Education (ICISE-IE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise-ie53922.2021.00014.

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Stanko, Davor, Tvrtko Korbar, Jakov Stanislav Uglešić, Iva Lončar, Mario Gazdek, and Snježana Markušić. "EVALUATION OF THE LOCAL SITE EFFECTS OF THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE OLD CITY OF DUBROVNIK (CROATIA)." In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.35.

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The most seismically active region in Adriatic part of Croatia is the SE coastal region that have numerous cultural heritage sites. Therefore, it is important to estimate seismic risk for cultural heritage sites and to develop procedures for seismic risk assessment. These are the goals of the research project Seismic Risk Assessment of Cultural Heritage Buildings in Croatia (SeisRICHerCRO) funded by the Croatian Science Foundation. Local site effects, a known problem in earthquake engineering, play significant role in earthquake damage distribution. The old town of Dubrovnik is particularly vulnerable in terms of local site effects because the old city is built on three geomorphological and geological entities: southern bedrock ridge, central filled and flattened part (former sea embayment), and northern bedrock ridge. Apart from the last devastating historical earthquake in Dubrovnik area in 1667 of M~7), instrumentally recorded strong earthquake on 15 April 1979 M6.8 with mainshock at the epicentral distance of 105 km from Dubrovnik caused strong damage effects in the wider Dubrovnik area (intensity of VII °MSK) with incalculable damage to cultural and historical objects the old town Dubrovnik The main aim of this study is mapping of local site effects variations in the old city of Dubrovnik using old investigation data as a starting point from 1980’s, after 1979 Reconstruction of Dubrovnik. Data quality and spatial uncertainty brough by older equipment used in 1980’s compared to using novel and sophisticated geophysical research methods followed by new geological investigations will significantly improve planning and reconstruction of Dubrovnik following new microzonation maps. Definition of the seismicity and variations of the local site conditions are one of the inevitable phases of the complex process of repair and strengthening of existing structures in the old town Dubrovnik together with design seismic parameters and the seismic risk level of building inventory as a basis to define the necessary preventive measures against expected strong earthquakes in the future.
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Reports on the topic "Ningaloo World Heritage Site"

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William, J. L'Anse aux Meadows: from vessel name to world heritage site? Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298642.

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Zappino, Vincenzo. The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation: The Case of Edinburgh, UK. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006908.

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This paper provides a detailed analysis of the Edinburgh World Heritage Site. The working methodology is based on constant interaction with the Edinburgh World Heritage Trust and all other stakeholders of the heritage site.
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Jaramillo, Pedro. The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation: The Case of Quito. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006912.

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This study analyzes the Historic Center of Quito, which was declared as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1978. The churches, squares, museums, and heritage monuments characterize this area and make up a fundamental part of the city's identity.
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Nishimura, Yasuyo, and Pablo Trivelli. The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation: The Case of Valparaiso. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006911.

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This paper analyzes the Historic Center of Valparaiso, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2003. The city's vernacular urban fabric and its layout, infrastructure, and architecture characterize the seaport city, which respond to its unique geographical and topographical environment. In Valparaiso's case, the geographical conditions were so severe that the adaptation of building forms to the environment gave rise to an entirely original result.
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Stumpo, Sergio. The Sustainability of Urban Heritage Preservation: The Case of Verona, Italia. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006916.

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This study analyzes the Historic Center of Verona, which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. The recognition by UNESCO is certainly understood as an element of prestige on an international level, and one of pride for the local community. Above all it indicates a clear responsibility of all citizens to preserve, carefully use, and strengthen the coherent uniqueness of the site so that present and future generations may enjoy this heritage, which is closely linked to the cultural identity of the city's inhabitants.
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programme, CLARISSA. Children Discontinue Studies Due to Homelessness and Negligence, or Fall into Substance Abuse. Institute of Development Studies, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.026.

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The CLARISSA Nepal Action Research Group discussed in this report is located in a UNESCO world heritage site, in one of the Durbar Squares in Kathmandu Valley. The location was selected as a cluster for CLARISSA processes due to its density of street-connected children and child street vendors. These children are highly mobile, and the nature of the neighbourhood is diverse. The involvement of children in child labour, such as children working in small-scale khaja ghars and Adult Entertainment Sector venues, can be directly seen in this area, making it an important location for CLARISSA Action Research. This Action Research Group focused on two topics: children discontinuing their studies due to homelessness and negligence, and children falling into substance abuse.
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O'Connell, Kelly, David Burdick, Melissa Vaccarino, Colin Lock, Greg Zimmerman, and Yakuta Bhagat. Coral species inventory at War in the Pacific National Historical Park: Final report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302040.

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The War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA), a protected area managed by the National Park Service (NPS), was established "to commemorate the bravery and sacrifice of those participating in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater of World War II and to conserve and interpret outstanding natural, scenic, and historic values on the island of Guam." Coral reef systems present in the park represent a vital element of Guam?s cultural, traditional, and economical heritage, and as such, are precious and in need of conservation. To facilitate the management of these resources, NPS determined that a scleractinian (stony coral) species survey was necessary to establish a baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation. EnviroScience, Inc. performed a survey of stony coral species, coral habitat, and current evidence of stressors at WAPA?s H?gat and Asan Units in 2022. This report summarizes these findings from a management perspective and compares its findings to previous survey data from 1977 and 1999 (Eldridge et al. 1977; Amesbury et al. 1999). WAPA is located on the tropical island of Guam, located on the west-central coast of the island, and encompasses 2,037 acres. Underwater resources are a significant component of the park, as 1,002 acres consists of water acres. The park is comprised of seven units, of which two of these, the H?gat and Asan Beach Units, include all the oceanic water acres for the park. The H?gat Beach Unit (local spelling, formerly known as ?Agat?) is located at the south-west portion of the park and consists of 38 land acres and 557 water acres (NPS 2003). The Asan Beach Unit consists of 109 acres of land and 445 water acres (NPS 2003). A current baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation necessitates the need for up-to-date data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and present health of corals. Park managers need this updated data to determine where and how to best focus conservation priorities and identify restoration opportunities. Management actions in park reef areas informed by this inventory included identifying locations where there were: high rates of sedimentation; high coral biomass; rare or threatened species, with a priority given to species endemic to Guam and listed as ?threatened? under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA; Acropora globiceps, A. retusa, A. speciosa, and Seriatopora aculeata); coral persistence and decline, disease and/or nuisance species, including the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris, ?COTS?) and the sponge Terpios hoshinota; and bleached areas. All work carried out was in accordance with the NPS statement of work (SOW) requirements, which involved a quantitative inventory using both new and pre-existing transects. The resulting transects totaled 61 (including the four from the 1999 study), each measuring 50 meters in length and distributed across depths of up to 50 feet. Divers took photo-quadrat samples covering an area of approximately 9 m?, encompassing 50 photo-quadrats of dimensions 0.50 m x 0.36 m (n=50). The collective area surveyed across all 61 transects amounted to ~549 m?. Additionally, a qualitative search was conducted to enhance documentation of coral species that have limited distribution and might not be captured by transects, along with identifying harmful species and stressors. Timed roving diver coral diversity surveys were carried out at a total of 20 sites occurring within the waters of WAPA, including eight sites at the H?gat unit and 12 sites at the Asan unit. The findings from this report reveal significant disparities in benthic cover compositions between H?gat and Asan units. The H?gat unit exhibits high abundances of turf algae and unconsolidated sediment while the Asan beach unit presents a different scenario, with hard coral as the dominant benthic cover, followed closely by crustose coralline algae (CCA). The Asan unit is also more difficult to access from shore or boat relative to H?gat which provides that unit some protection from human influences. The Asan beach unit's prevalence of hard coral, CCA, and colonizable substrate suggests a more favorable environment for reef growth and the potential benefits of maintaining robust coral cover in the area. These distinct differences in benthic communities highlight the contrasting ecological dynamics and habitats of the two study areas. Across both H?gat and Asan beach unit transects, a total of 56 hard coral species were recorded from 27 genera, with 44 species recorded from the H?gat unit and 48 species recorded from the Asan unit. Of the four historical transects surveyed in the Asan unit from 1999, three experienced declines in percent coral cover (17.38-78.72%), while the fourth had an increase (10.98%). During the timed roving diver coral diversity surveys, a total of 245 hard coral species, including 241 scleractinian coral species representing 49 genera and 4 non-scleractinian coral species representing 4 genera were recorded. Uncertainties related to coral identification, unresolved boundaries between morphospecies, differences in taxonomists' perspectives, and the rapidly evolving state of coral taxonomy have significant implications for species determinations during coral diversity surveys. While the recent surveys have provided valuable insights into coral diversity in WAPA waters, ongoing taxonomic research and collaboration among experts will be essential to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of coral biodiversity in the region. Of the several ESA coral species that were searched for among the H?gat and Asan beach units, Acropora retusa was the only coral species found among quantitative transects (n=2) and A. globiceps was observed during coral diversity surveys. Acropora speciosa, which was dominant in the upper seaward slopes in 1977, is now conspicuously absent from all the surveys conducted in 2022 (Eldredge et al., 1977). The disappearance and reduction of these once-dominant species underscores the urgency of implementing conservation measures to safeguard the delicate balance of Guam's coral reefs and preserve the diversity and ecological integrity of these invaluable marine ecosystems. Other formerly common or locally abundant species were infrequently encountered during the diversity surveys, including Acropora monticulosa, A. sp. ?obtusicaulis?, A. palmerae, Stylophora sp. ?mordax?, Montipora sp. ?pagoensis?, and Millepora dichotoma. Significant bleaching-associated mortality was recorded for these species, most of which are restricted to reef front/margin zones exposed to moderate-to-high levels of wave energy. Sedimentation was present in both H?gat and the Asan units, though it was more commonly encountered in H?gat transects. While significant portions of the reef area within the WAPA H?gat unit are in poor condition due to a variety of stressors, some areas still hosted notable coral communities, which should be a potential focus for park management to prevent further degradation. There is a need for more effective management of point source pollution concerns, particularly when subpar wastewater treatment or runoff from areas with potential pollution or sediment-laden water is flowing from nearby terrestrial environments. Future monitoring efforts should aim to establish a framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of potential point source pollution incidents. This would empower park managers to collaborate with adjacent communities, both within and outside of park boundaries, to mitigate the localized impacts of pollution (McCutcheon and McKenna, 2021). COTS were encountered during transect surveys as well as in coral diversity surveys. including along the upper reef front/reef margin at site Agat-CS-2. The frequency of these observations, particularly in the WAPA H?gat unit and where stress-susceptible corals are already uncommonly encountered, raise concern about the ability of the populations of these coral species to recover following acute disturbance events, and calls in to question the ability of some of these species to persist in WAPA waters, and in Guam?s waters more broadly. More frequent crown-of-thorns control efforts, even if only a handful of sea stars are removed during a single effort, may be required to prevent further loss to vulnerable species. There were several documented incidents of Terpios hoshinota covering large sections of branching coral in the reef flat along transects, but it is still unclear how detrimental this sponge is to the overall reef system. There is a concern that elevated levels of organic matter and nutrients in the water, such as those resulting from sewage discharge or stormwater runoff, could lead to increased Terpios populations (De Voogd et al. 2013). Consequently, it is important to track populations in known areas of sedimentation and poor water quality. The presence of unique species at single survey sites within the study areas underscores the ecological importance of certain locations. Some species are known to occur in other locations in Guam, while a few may be limited to specific sites within WAPA waters. These differences are likely influenced by environmental and biological factors such as poor water quality, severe heat stress events, chronic predation by crown-of-thorns sea stars, disease, and reduced herbivore populations. These factors collectively shape the condition of the benthic community, leading to variations in species distribution and abundance across the study sites. Documenting coral stress and identifying potentially harmful species allows for proactive management strategies to prevent the establishment of nuisance or detrimental species while populations are still manageable. Updated data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and health of corals is essential for park managers to prioritize conservation efforts and identify restoration opportunities effectively. Observations from this report raise concerns about the health and resilience of coral ecosystems in the H?gat unit and emphasize the need for knowledge of local factors that shape benthic community structure. Understanding the drivers responsible for these variations is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies to preserve the ecological balance and overall health of coral reefs in both units. Continued monitoring efforts will be critical in assessing long-term trends and changes in benthic cover and enabling adaptive management approaches to safeguard these valuable marine ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.
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