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Academic literature on the topic 'Ningaloo'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ningaloo"

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Morton, Brian. "Ningaloo." Marine Pollution Bulletin 46, no. 10 (October 2003): 1213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.08.011.

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Zhang, Lei, Weiqing Han, Yuanlong Li, and Toshiaki Shinoda. "Mechanisms for Generation and Development of the Ningaloo Niño." Journal of Climate 31, no. 22 (November 2018): 9239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0175.1.

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Generation and development mechanisms of the Ningaloo Niño are investigated using ocean and atmospheric general circulation model experiments. Consistent with previous studies, northerly wind anomalies off the West Australian coast are critical in generating warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of the Ningaloo Niño, which induce SST warming through reduced turbulent heat loss toward the atmosphere (by decreasing surface wind speed), enhanced Leeuwin Current heat transport, and weakened coastal upwelling. Our results further reveal that northerly wind anomalies suppress the cold dry air transport from the Southern Ocean to the Ningaloo Niño region, which also contributes to the reduced turbulent heat loss. A positive cloud–radiation feedback is also found to play a role. Low stratiform cloud is reduced by the underlying warm SSTAs and the weakened air subsidence, which further enhances the SST warming by increasing downward solar radiation. The enhanced Indonesian Throughflow also contributes to the Ningaloo Niño, but only when La Niña co-occurs. Further analysis show that northerly wind anomalies along the West Australian coast can be generated by both remote forcing from the Pacific Ocean (i.e., La Niña) and internal processes of the Indian Ocean, such as the positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). Approximately 40% of the Ningaloo Niño events during 1950–2010 co-occurred with La Niña, and 30% co-occurred with positive IOD. There are also ~30% of the events independent of La Niña and positive IOD, suggesting the importance of other processes in triggering the Ningaloo Niño.
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Beckley, Lynnath E., and Amanda T. Lombard. "A systematic evaluation of the incremental protection of broad-scale habitats at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 1 (2012): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11074.

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Incremental increases to marine conservation areas in response to changing goals, policy, threats or new information are common practice worldwide. Ningaloo Reef, in north-western Australia, is protected by the Ningaloo Marine Park (state waters), which was expanded incrementally in 2004 so that 34% of the park now comprises ‘no-take’ sanctuary zones. To test the hypothesis that all habitats (benthic cover types) at Ningaloo are actually protected at this 34% level, a systematic conservation planning exercise was conducted using existing broad-scale habitat data (as a surrogate for marine biodiversity) and C-Plan decision-support software. Although subtidal and intertidal coral communities were found to be adequately protected, other habitats, particularly those in deeper waters seaward of the reef, did not attain the 34% target. Efficient incremental additions to the sanctuary zones to allow increased representation of these under-represented habitats were explored with C-Plan. It is recommended that systematic conservation planning incorporating new biodiversity and social information (now becoming available) be undertaken for the next iteration of the Ningaloo Marine Park management plan. This analysis at Ningaloo Reef serves as a useful example of a post hoc systematic approach to guide incremental expansion of existing marine protected areas in other parts of the world.
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Norman, Bradley M., Samantha Reynolds, and David L. Morgan. "Does the whale shark aggregate along the Western Australian coastline beyond Ningaloo Reef?" Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 1 (2016): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15045.

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Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) seasonally aggregate at Western Australia’s Ningaloo Reef in the austral autumn and winter, but their occurrence beyond this region during spring and summer remains elusive. The aggregation at Ningaloo Reef coincides with a pulse of productivity following mass coral spawning in early autumn, with the population during this period dominated by juveniles that amass for feeding purposes. To investigate their movement patterns beyond Ningaloo Reef, whale sharks were fitted with SPOT (n = 13) or SPLASH (n = 1) tags between April and September (2010–14). Tagged whale sharks ranged in total length from 3 to 9 m. Each whale shark was also photographed for its subsequent identification using Wildbook for Whale Sharks, and their years of residency at Ningaloo Reef determined. Temporal and spatial observations of whale shark sightings were also determined through the conducting of interviews with people throughout 14 coastal towns along the Western Australian coastline, as well as through historical sightings and the Wildbook database. Satellite tracking revealed that all sharks remained relatively close to the Western Australian coast, travelling a mean minimum distance of 1667 (±316, s.e.) km. Public reports, coupled with satellite tracking, demonstrated that whale sharks inhabit most of the Western Australian coast (from 35°S to 12°S), and that seasonal migrations beyond Ningaloo Reef may be to the north or south and may similarly be associated with areas of increased productivity.
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Jackson, George D., Mark G. Meekan, Simon Wotherspoon, and Christine H. Jackson. "Distributions of young cephalopods in the tropical waters of Western Australia over two consecutive summers." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 2 (January 15, 2008): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm186.

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Abstract Jackson, G. D., Meekan, M. G., Wotherspoon, S., and Jackson, C. H. 2008. Distributions of young cephalopods in the tropical waters of Western Australia over two consecutive summers. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 140–147. Cephalopod paralarvae and juveniles were sampled with light traps deployed at the surface and deeper in the southern NW Shelf and on Ningaloo Reef off Western Australia during two consecutive summers. One cross shelf transect (Exmouth) was sampled in the late spring and summers of 1997/1998 (summer 1) and 1998/1999 (summer 2), and a second cross shelf transect (Thevenard) and a longshore transect (Ningaloo) along the Ningaloo Reef were sampled in summer 2. Species captured in the order of abundance were octopods, Photololigo sp., Sepioteuthis lessoniana, and Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis. Most were captured in shallow traps except for Photololigo sp., which was common in both shallow and deep traps with larger animals found in deeper water. The presence of Idiosepius pygmaeus in deep water off Ningaloo Reef revealed the species to be eurytopic, inhabiting a wider range of habitats than previously known. Photololigo sp. and S. lessoniana were more abundant inshore, and octopods were especially abundant on mid-depth stations of the Exmouth transect, probably because of the turbulent mixing and increased productivity there. Fewer S. oualaniensis were caught during the first summer on the Ningaloo transect (n = 5) than during the second summer (n = 79).
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Kataoka, Takahito, Tomoki Tozuka, Swadhin Behera, and Toshio Yamagata. "On the Ningaloo Niño/Niña." Climate Dynamics 43, no. 5-6 (October 15, 2013): 1463–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1961-z.

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Preen, A. R., H. Marsh, I. R. Lawler, R. I. T. Prince, and R. Shepherd. "Distribution and Abundance of Dugongs, Turtles, Dolphins and other Megafauna in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia." Wildlife Research 24, no. 2 (1997): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr95078.

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Strip-transect aerial surveys of Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf were conducted during the winters of 1989 and 1994. These surveys were designed primarily to estimate the abundance and distribution of dugongs, although they also allowed sea turtles and dolphins, and, to a lesser extent, whales, manta rays and whale sharks to be surveyed. Shark Bay contains a large population of dugongs that is of international significance. Estimates of approximately 10000 dugongs resulted from both surveys. The density of dugongs is the highest recorded in Australia and the Middle East, where these surveys have been conducted. Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef are also important dugong habitats, each supporting in the order of 1000 dugongs. The estimated number of turtles in Shark Bay is comparable to the number in Exmouth Gulf plus Ningaloo Reef (7000–9000). The density of turtles in Ningaloo Reef and, to a lesser extent, Exmouth Gulf is exceptionally high compared with most other areas that have been surveyed by the same technique. Shark Bay supports a substantial population of bottlenose dolphins (2000–3000 minimum estimate). Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef were not significant habitats for dolphins during the winter surveys. Substantial numbers of whales (primarily humpbacks) and manta rays occur in northern and western Shark Bay in winter. Ningaloo Reef is an important area for whale sharks and manta rays in autumn and winter. The Shark Bay Marine Park excludes much of the winter habitats of the large vertebrate fauna of Shark Bay. In 1989 and 1994, more than half of all the dugongs were seen outside the Marine Park (57·4 and 50·7%, respectively). Approximately one-third to one-half of turtles and dolphins were seen outside the Marine Park (in 1989 and 1994 respectively: turtles, 43 and 27%; dolphins, 47 and 32%). Almost all the whales and most of the manta rays were seen outside the Marine Park. Expansion of the Shark Bay Marine Park, to bring it into alignment with the marine section of the Shark Bay World Heritage Area, would facilitate the appropriate management of these populations. This would also simplify the State– Commonwealth collaboration necessary to meet the obligations of World Heritage listing. The coastal waters of Western Australia north of the surveyed area (over 6000 km of coastline) are relatively poorly known and surveys of their marine megafauna are required for wise planning and management.
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Guo, Yaru, Yuanlong Li, Fan Wang, Yuntao Wei, and Zengrui Rong. "Processes Controlling Sea Surface Temperature Variability of Ningaloo Niño." Journal of Climate 33, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 4369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0698.1.

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AbstractA high-resolution (3–8 km) regional oceanic general circulation model is utilized to understand the sea surface temperature (SST) variability of Ningaloo Niño in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO). The model reproduces eight Ningaloo Niño events with good fidelity and reveals complicated spatial structures. Mesoscale noises are seen in the warming signature and confirmed by satellite microwave SST data. Model experiments are carried out to quantitatively evaluate the effects of key processes. The results reveal that the surface turbulent heat flux (primarily latent heat flux) is the most important process (contribution > 68%) in driving and damping the SST warming for most events, while the roles of the Indonesian Throughflow (~15%) and local wind forcing are secondary. A suitable air temperature warming is essential to reproducing the reduced surface latent heat loss during the growth of SST warming (~66%), whereas the effect of the increased air humidity is negligibly small (1%). The established SST warming in the mature phase causes increased latent heat loss that initiates the decay of warming. A 20-member ensemble simulation is performed for the 2010/11 super Ningaloo Niño, which confirms the strong influence of ocean internal processes in the redistribution of SST warming signatures. Oceanic eddies can dramatically modulate the magnitudes of local SST warming, particularly in offshore areas where the “signal-to-noise” ratio is low, raising a caution for evaluating the predictability of Ningaloo Niño and its environmental consequences.
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Gales, Nick, Robert D. McCauley, Janet Lanyon, and Dave Holley. "Change in abundance of dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo and Exmouth Gulf, Western Australia: evidence for large-scale migration." Wildlife Research 31, no. 3 (2004): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02073.

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The third in a series of five-yearly aerial surveys for dugongs in Shark Bay, Ningaloo Reef and Exmouth Gulf was conducted in July 1999. The first two surveys provided evidence of an apparently stable population of dugongs, with ~1000 animals in each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef, and 10 000 in Shark Bay. We report estimates of less than 200 for each of Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef and ~14 000 for Shark Bay. This is an apparent overall increase in the dugong population over this whole region, but with a distributional shift of animals to the south. The most plausible hypothesis to account for a large component of this apparent population shift is that animals in Exmouth Gulf and Ningaloo Reef moved to Shark Bay, most likely after Tropical Cyclone Vance impacted available dugong forage in the northern habitat. Bias associated with survey estimate methodology, and normal changes in population demographics may also have contributed to the change. The movement of large numbers of dugongs over the scale we suggest has important management implications. First, such habitat-driven shifts in regional abundance will need to be incorporated in assessing the effectiveness of marine protected areas that aim to protect dugongs and their habitat. Second, in circumstances where aerial surveys are used to estimate relative trends in abundance of dugongs, animal movements of the type we propose could lead to errors in interpretation.
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Marshall, Andrew G., Harry H. Hendon, Ming Feng, and Andreas Schiller. "Initiation and amplification of the Ningaloo Niño." Climate Dynamics 45, no. 9-10 (January 22, 2015): 2367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2477-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ningaloo"

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Shiell, Glenn Raymond. "The spatial distribution and temporal shifts in the biology of Holothuria whitmaei Bell [Echinodermata: Holothuroidea], Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0081.

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[Truncated abstract] Aspects of the biology of the commercial sea cucumber Holothuria whitmaei were investigated at Coral Bay, Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. The study was partitioned into several components: i) spatial distribution, ii) temporal changes in behaviour and iii) reproduction biology. The spatial distribution of H. whitmaei at Coral Bay was typical of that reported in the literature. H. whitmaei had distinct preferences for outer reef habitats, including the outer reef flat and reef slope. However, the distribution of H. whitmaei within these habitats was heterogeneous, or, aggregated within certain micro-habitat zones - predominantly at the leading edge of the reef flat, perpendicular to the prevailing current. Two potential biological advantages of this distribution were hypothesised: i), that species aggregation enhances prospects for gamete fertilisation, a process which may be impeded under typical densities, and ii), large deposits of detrital matter, an important food source for holothurians, may accumulate within these zones. ... A striking feature of the reproduction biology of this species was the potential for specimens to mature asynchronously. It was hypothesised that this phenomenon may be a reflection of isolated individuals located too far from conspecifics to receive pheromone signals; cues which are known to entrain synchronous gonad development in some holothurians. Hence, it was proposed that aggregations of H. whitmaei may be important to the maintenance of population recruitment, given that animals at the periphery of species concentrations may have relatively little chance of achieving fertilisation. ... Given that H. whitmaei were observed to maintain highly specific patterns of distribution, this may have significant ramifications for trophic level cascades in the outer reef zone, particularly where this species is present in higher densities (i.e. >100 ind. ha-1). The findings of this study, apart from highlighting the spatial and temporal biological attributes which may facilitate feeding and reproductive success, also emphasised the importance of biological knowledge to the management of sea cucumber fisheries. The study highlighted the need for further research to ascertain both the importance of species aggregations to population recruitment, and of the actual densities required to achieve high rates of gamete fertilisation. Such knowledge may help ultimately to identify suitable habitats for inclusion in marine protected areas.
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Lawrie, Misty Suanne. "Patterns of coastal tourism growth and multiple dwelling : implications for informal camping along the Ningaloo coastline." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0222.

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Over the past few decades, the development of coastal areas has become an increasingly contested arena. For many years, tourism in remote coastal areas has been the preserve of a few intrepid campers, surfers and recreational fishers. More recently, however, numbers along parts of the coast have increased rapidly, not only contributing to an expansion of camping activity, but also pressure for more commercially oriented tourism. This has contributed to concerns about the environmental sustainability of tourism in remote coastal areas. Governments have increasingly been faced with the challenge of balancing ecological concerns with the pursuit of economic development. Adding to the complexity are the differing needs and demands of various segments of the tourism market all looking to enjoy particular places. Balancing the demands of campers, backpackers, package tourists and others in a single place is often wrought with conflict. This study explores some of these issues in a remote coastal area in Western Australia. The Ningaloo coast has evolved from a difficult to reach destination used by a small number of campers, to one of Western Australia's most popular tourist destinations in just two decades. The thesis examines the factors underlying the growth and change of tourism in the region, tracing its evolution from a few small rudimentary campsites to proposals for large scale resort developments. Of particular interest to this thesis is how planning and policy processes aim to address developmental pressures and resource use/planning conflicts. Additionally, this study provides an insight into the issues facing the informal, long term camper as the traditional segment of Ningaloo's tourism market. It examines how current planning and policy for the Ningaloo coastline affects this group by reshaping traditional tourism use of the area.
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Ingram, Colin Barry. "Parks, people and planning: local perceptions of park management on the Ningaloo Coast, North West Cape, Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, School of Media, Society and Culture, Dept. of Social Sciences, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18012.

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Attaining the ‘appropriate’ balance between human use of national parks and their protection is a topic of considerable public, scientific and business interest and is thus an important focus for research. An increasingly affluent and mobile western society has made tourism the world’s largest industry; an industry with a significant reliance on the attractions of protected areas such as national parks and their wildlife. Regional communities have benefited from protected areas through local tourism expenditure and government recognition of the economic and social values realized from protected areas. High levels of visitation, and the management of this human use require effective management. But tensions arise when park managers invoke policies and management prescriptions to mitigate the adverse affects of human use. These actions and the way they are implemented can have an alienating impact on local communities, particularly those with a direct business dependency on park tourism. This thesis explores the notion that truly sustainable management of national parks can only be achieved if park managers and communities living adjacent to parks work together in a partnership to meet each other’s needs and through this process, foster the long-term environmental, social and economic benefits that can be derived from these parks. This thesis documents how a local community perceives its park managers and thereby the impact that park management has on local communities. It then seeks to identify the opportunities for park managers and communities to improve the way they view each other and the skills, attitudes and approaches necessary to create the environment for a sustainable relationship and can deliver sustainable outcomes for both parties.
Three methods were employed to progress this research; an extensive review of literature and theory on relevant aspects of the people and parks relationship; the use of a case study of communities adjacent to parks on the Ningaloo Coast; and, qualitative and quantitative surveys to inform those case studies. A resident perception survey of the Exmouth and Coral Bay communities was conducted in August 2005. At the same time key stakeholder representatives were interviewed. Secondary quantitative data on the areas economy and demographics was also collected to triangulate aspects of the primary data. The Ningaloo coast community’s perception of park management has been adversely affected by a recent (2004) management planning process for Ningaloo Marine Park that culminated in significant constraints being placed on recreational fishing access. Both the planning process and the decision have been the focus of community anger. Currently the levels of trust and respect within the community for the park agency and its management performance are low. Despite evidence that the parks of the Ningaloo coast make important social and economic contributions to the local communities of this area, the local community holds negative perceptions of the social and economic impacts of park management, and are influenced strongly by the local community’s attitudes, perceptions and feelings towards the park agency. The park agency’s inability to consult, involve and communicate with the local community (to the satisfaction of the local community) contributes to these attitudes, feelings and perceptions.
Key findings include; the prevailing norms and belief systems within the park agency reinforce the classic managerial paradigm; park management fails to accommodate broader social and economic measures, which diminishes trust and undermines attempts to foster community involvement and stewardship; ineffectual leadership, poor communication and outmoded approaches to planning and community engagement, local apathy to involvement in park planning and a lack of community education in regard to the promotion of park values, programs and activities compound this situation. The Ningaloo coast has the potential to provide an exceptionally bright future for its local communities, based largely on the inherent natural and cultural values of Ningaloo Marine Park, Cape Range National Park and other associated reserves. Whether the potential to develop community stewardship of the parks of the Ningaloo coast is fully met depends largely on the willingness of park management to relinquish some of its power, establish a suitable governance model in order to work collaboratively with the community and communicate effectively with it in order to achieve sustainable futures for both the park and the community.
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Shiell, Glenn Raymond. "The spatial distribution and temporal shifts in the biology of Holothuria whitmaei Bell [Echinodermata: Holothuroidea], Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia /." Connect to this title, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0081.

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Norman, Bradley Michael. "Aspects of the biology and ecotourism industry of the whale shark Rhincodon typus in North-Western Australia." Murdoch University, 1999. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20071003.121017.

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The conservation status of the widely-distributed whale shark Rhincodon typus is presently listed as 'Indeterminate - Data Deficient'. One of the main hindrances to obtaining biological data on whale sharks that is relevant to determining its 'conservation status' is that this species has rarely been recorded as occurring in sufficient numbers to obtain quantitative data. However, R. typus does form aggregations at Ningaloo Marine Park (NMP), Western Australia, annually between March and June. This has enabled studies to be made of aspects of the biology of R. typus and of the possible impacts of the ecotourism industry on this species. Using a position provided on vessels involved with the whale shark ecotourism industry at NMP, R. typus was observed on 360 separate occasions in 1995, 1996 and 1997, and it was possible to sex 90.3% of these sharks. The majority of the sexed sharks (84.6%) were male and ranged in length from 4 to 12 m, with a mean of 7.4 m, while the females ranged in length from 4.5 to 8.5 m, with a mean of 6.2 m. The size and degree of abrasion of the claspers was used as an indicator of whether or not a male shark had mated. Using such criteria, it was estimated that male whale sharks start to mature at ca 8 m and that ca 50% are mature by the time they reach 8.6m. Observations suggested that R. typus feeds by using both suction and flow-through mechanisms. The prey that were observed being ingested included coral spawn, tropical krill, mysids and small jellyfish. The contents of a faecal sample contained parts of the exoskeleton of copepods and the scales of small fishes. The degree of mouth distension, which is assumed to be related to feeding activity, was low during most observation periods. Photographs of the scars and natural patterning on the skin of individual sharks were used to construct a photographic library for subsequent identification of these sharks. The features used for identifying individual sharks were chosen because they were considered likely to remain for a protracted period. The Whale Shark Photo -identification Library that was produced provides details on the characteristic features of 52 R. typus that were present at NMP. Six individuals were recorded at NMP in both 1995 and 1996, four in both 1996 and 1997, and one in both 1995 and 1997. No identified whale sharks were recorded in all three years. Rhincodon typus was distributed widely throughout NMP, with most boat and aerial sightings lying within 1 - 2 Ism of the reef crest between Tantabiddi and Turquoise Bay. Rhincodon typus was typically sighted in water depths of 10 to 30 m. The sharks were predominantly travelling parallel to Ningaloo Reef, with significantly more moving in a northward than southward direction. Acoustic tracking of R. typus in 1997 suggested that this species remains within NMP for extended periods and is at the surface for ca 17% of daylight hours. The number and species of fauna observed to be associated with R. typus were recorded, and a new species of copepod, Pandarus sp. nov., which lives on the skin of R. typus has been described. Golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus), miscellaneous trevally (Carangid sp.), remora (Remora sp.) and slender suckerfish (Echeneis naucrates) were common. The prevalence of Pandarus sp. nov. was inversely proportional to the number of Remora sp. and E. mucrates in 1996, while the opposite was true in 1997, suggesting that Pandarus sp. nov. were preyed on by these diskfish. Rhincodon typus is the basis of the ecotourism industry that operates within NMP each year. While there was considerable variation in the number of tour vessels searching for whale sharks at NMP each year, the greatest mean number of vessels operating per week in successive whale shark seasons were 6.7 during Week 8 (April 19 - 25) of 1995, 6.1 during Week 7 (April 12 - 18) of 1996 and 6.9 during Week 8 (April 19 - 25) of 1997. The greatest mean numbers of whale sharks sighted per week in each year were 5.1 during Week 14 (May 31 - June 6) of 1995,4.2 during Week 6 (April 5 - 11) of 1996 and 4.1 during Week 8 (April 19 - 25) of 1997. Tourists, who were permitted to swim alongside R. tyus, interacted with sharks for a mean period of 19.3 rnin in 1995, 14.2 min in 1996 and 9.5 rnin in 1997. The reduction in the duration of interaction in three successive years suggests that, over time, R. typus may have become slightly less tolerant of the ecotourism industry at NMP. The mean minimum distance between vessel and shark during each interaction was 20.7 m in 1995, 21.3 m in 1996 and 31.0 m in 1997. The mean minimum distance between tourist and shark during each interaction was 1.5 m in 1995, 2.05 m in 1996, and 2.1 m in 1997. The mean minimum distance of vessel and tourist from R. typus during each individual interaction decreased as the duration of the interaction increased. Therefore, both R. typus and this industry must be carefully monitored to ensure that the impacts of humans are kept to a minimum and thereby ensure that whale sharks return to NMP each year. An ethology of whale shark behaviours, which included banking, porpoising, diving and eye-rolling, was produced in an attempt to determine whether there is evidence that the ecotourism industry has a negative impact on R. opus at NMP. The frequency of behavioural change was greatest in the first 0 - 5 min of an observation. Eye-rolling by R. typus was recorded as a reaction to flash-photography, while banking was often recorded when SCUBA was used and/or tourists swam beneath the head of the shark. The swimming speed of R. typus at NMP was rarely too fast for tourists to maintain proximity to the sharks. Several sharks possessed both recent and healed scars, which were probably inflicted by vessel contact. The recent wounds indicate that vessels had caused injuries to R. typus within NMP. These individuals tended to display a higher frequency of avoidance behaviours and reduced interaction times. Recommendations are provided to the Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management which are aimed at reducing the potential deleterious effects of the ecotourism industry on the whale sharks at NMP.
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Minard, Corinne. "Doubles couplages de Suzuki-Miyaura sélectifs sur des dérivés dihalogénés symétriques - Application à la synthèse de la ningaline B et de ses analogues." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919884.

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La recherche de nouvelles molécules à visée thérapeutique est un enjeu majeur pour la communauté scientifique et actuellement, 60% des médicaments utilisés cliniquement sont des produits naturels ou leurs analogues. Dans ce contexte, afin d'être capable de générer rapidement une bibliothèque de composés, le développement d'outils de synthèse efficaces est fondamental et c'est dans cette optique que s'inscrit le travail mené au cours de cette thèse. Les produits d'origine marine sont une source d'inspiration considérable dans le domaine de la création de nouveaux médicaments. Lors de ce travail, une attention particulière a été accordée à la ningaline B et à ses analogues avec pour objectif de mettre au point une voie d'accès simple et efficace. En effet, si la capacité de la forme hexaméthyléther à reverser la résistance aux anticancéreux par inhibition de la glycoprotéine-P a déjà été rapportée dans la littérature, l'étude d'analogues n'a été que peu exploitée.Dans ce contexte, une voie de synthèse reposant sur une étape clé de double couplage de Suzuki-Miyaura sur un dérivé (pseudo)dihalogéné symétrique a été proposée. Cette étape a fait l'objet d'une étude approfondie en envisageant deux approches. La première approche, basée sur des travaux antérieurs réalisés au laboratoire, a été de type simultané. Ainsi, à la manière d'une réaction multicomposante, tous les réactifs sont introduits dès le départ dans le milieu réactionnel. Cette méthode a montré des résultats intéressants dans le cas où deux dérivés borés électroniquement différents sont employés. En revanche, il a été montré que l'utilisation d'espèces borés électroniquement similaires était peu viable avec l'obtention d'un mélange statistique en produits de dicouplage. Toutefois, la préparation des cibles visées requérant l'utilisation d'aryles borés riches en électrons, une autre approche, séquentielle, a été envisagée. Après un travail d'optimisation sur des substrats simplifiés, avec pour objectif de disposer de conditions efficaces, adaptables, faciles avec des réactifs standards, une méthode de monoarylation de dérivés (pseudo)dihalogénés symétriques a été mise en place. Le champ d'application a ensuite été élargi en incluant les noyaux pyrroles nécessaires à la synthèse de la ningaline B et de ses dérivés. Ces travaux ont permis d'accéder aux molécules ciblées. En effet, une fois, les teraryles préparés, quelques étapes de manipulations fonctionnelles permettront d'avoir rapidement accès à de nombreux analogues. D'autre part, les motifs pouvant être obtenus par ce type de séquence réactionnelle pourraient être facilement dérivatisables afin de générer une bibliothèque d'analogues.
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Books on the topic "Ningaloo"

1

Storrie, Ann. The marine life of Ningaloo Marine Park & coral bay. Como, W.A: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management, 1998.

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2

1952-, Bachman Bill, and Western Australia. Dept. of Conservation and Land Management., eds. Range to reef: Discover Cape Range National Park and Ningaloo Marine Park. Como, W.A: Dept. of Conservation and Land Management, 1988.

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Western Australia. Department of Conservation and Land Management. Management plan for the Ningaloo Marine Park and Muiron Islands Marine Management Area, 2005-2015. Fremantle, W.A.]: CALM, 2005.

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Committee, Western Australia World Heritage Consultative. Report on a proposal to nominate the North West Cape-Ningaloo Reef area for inscription on the World Heritage List: Final report. [Perth, W.A.]: Published by the Western Australian Dept. of Conservation and Land Development [for the] World Heritage Consultative Committee, 2004.

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Cooper-Posey, Tracy. Ningaloo Nights. Stories Rule, 2018.

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Whale Sharks: The Giants of Ningaloo Reef. Harpercollins, 1994.

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Ningaloo coast regional strategy Carnarvon to Exmouth: Final. Perth: Western Australian Planning Commission, 2004.

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Ningaloo Coast Regional Strategy Carnarvon to Exmouth: Final. Not Avail, 2004.

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Australia, Western. Tourist map of Western Australia's Gascoyne Coast: Shark Bay, Carnarvon, Mt. Augustus, Exmouth, Denham, Monkey Mia, Coral Bay, Ningaloo Reef. The Department, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ningaloo"

1

Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "Ningaloo Coast, Australia." In Coastal World Heritage Sites, 171–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1528-5_26.

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Duffy, Sarah, and Roger A. Layton. "Whale sharks, Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." In Social Marketing, 509–24. Third edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315648590-30.

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Duffy, Sarah, Roger Layton, and Larry Dwyer. "Whale shark tourism at Ningaloo Reef." In Coral Reefs: Tourism, Conservation and Management, 119–34. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315537320-9.

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Schönberg, Christine Hanna Lydia, and Jane Fromont. "Sponge gardens of Ningaloo Reef (Carnarvon Shelf, Western Australia) are biodiversity hotspots." In Ancient Animals, New Challenges, 143–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4688-6_13.

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"Ningaloo Coast, Australia." In Dictionary of Geotourism, 439. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2538-0_1746.

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Vanderklift, Mathew A., Russell C. Babcock, Peter B. Barnes, Anna K. Cresswell, Ming Feng, Michael D. E. Haywood, Thomas H. Holmes, et al. "The oceanography and marine ecology of Ningaloo, a World Heritage Area." In Oceanography and Marine Biology, 143–78. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429351495-4.

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Tozuka, Tomoki, Ming Feng, Weiqing Han, Shoichiro Kido, and Lei Zhang. "The Ningaloo Niño/Niña: Mechanisms, relation with other climate modes and impacts." In Tropical and Extratropical Air-Sea Interactions, 207–19. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818156-0.00006-x.

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Jones, Roy, Colin Ingram, and Andrew Kingham. "Waltzing the Heritage Icons: 'Swagmen', 'Squatters' and 'Troopers' at North West Cape and Ningaloo Reef." In Geographies of Australian Heritages, 79–94. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351157520-6.

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"Whale sharks in Ningaloo Marine Park: managing tourism in an Australian marine protected area: Derrin Davis and Simon Banks, Alastair Birtles, Peter Valentine and Michael Cuthill." In Tourism Management, 283–303. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080519449-29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ningaloo"

1

"Ningaloo from a systems perspective – what has it taught us?" In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.h3.fulton.

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Zamora, Lara Marcus, Patti Virtue, Heidi R. Pethybridge, Mark G. Meekan, Michele Thums, and Peter D. Nichols. "Intraspecific variability in diet and implied foraging ranges of whale sharks at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." In The 4th International Whale Shark Conference. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2016.iwsc4.69.

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Rob, Dani, and Peter Barnes. "Managing the impacts of tourism on the Ningaloo whale shark aggregation – asking the right people the right questions." In The 4th International Whale Shark Conference. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2016.iwsc4.51.

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Reynolds, Samantha D., Bradley M. Normans, Rory P. Wilson, Hester Bushell, Sharyn O' Neill, and David L. Morgan. "Where the whale sharks are: An innovative satellite tagging programme to track the movements of whale sharks from Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia." In The 4th International Whale Shark Conference. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2016.iwsc4.50.

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"Challenging tourism theory through integrated models: how multiple model projects strengthen outcomes through a case study of tourism development on the Ningaloo Coast of Western Australia." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.h3.jones.

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Davies, James E., Wojciech M. Klonowski, Leon J. Majewski, Mark A. Gray, and Mervyn J. Lynch. "Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Ningaloo Reef: Data Collection, Processing, Validation and Applications in Monitoring One of the World’s Largest, Most Diverse and Pristine Tropical Coral Reef Ecosystems." In Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hise.2007.hwb3.

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