Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nicotine addiction'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Nicotine addiction.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Harrington, Lauriane. "The role of β4-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nicotine addiction." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066328/document.
Full textTobacco is consumed by an estimated 1 billion people world-wide. The World Health Organization names tobacco consumption the primary cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, causing six million deaths per year. Nicotine is the principal neuro-active compound in tobacco, and exerts neurological effects by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). These transmembrane receptors are composed of alpha or alpha plus beta subunits, forming a diverse variety of ligand-gated ion channels endogenously activated by ACh. Human genetic studies have highlighted variants in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 genomic cluster, coding for subunits α5, α3 and β4, as altering smoking behaviours. The present thesis investigated the role of β4-containing (β4*) nAChRs in nicotine addiction. In collaboration, we showed that β4 knockout (KO) mice are less sensitive to nicotine reward and nicotine aversion. Generating a lentivirus for the expression of mouse β4 nAChR subunit complementary DNA, I was able to restore receptor expression to brain regions of interest on a KO background, locating the role of β4* nAChR in nicotine reward and aversion to the habenulo-interpedunular pathway. This also demonstrated the receptor’s modulation of nicotinic responses of the mesolimbic system, central hub of drug reinforcement
Keyworth, Helen. "Nicotine addiction : behavioural and neurochemical mechanisms." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606818.
Full textPashmi, Ghazaleh. "Immunotherapy approach to combat nicotine addiction." Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419340.
Full textSaravia, Santos Rocio 1988. "Novel insights in nicotine addiction : focus on cognitive function." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665841.
Full textEl consumo de cigarrillos es una de las principales causas de muerte prevenible en el mundo. Los efectos de la nicotina sobre la memoria parecen parece ser un factor clave en la adicción a la nicotina. Diversos estudios indican que el consumo inicial de nicotina tiene un efecto positivo sobre la cognición, lo que puede contribuir al desarrollo de la dependencia de la nicotina. Por el contrario, cuando el consumo de nicotina cesa, se altera el funcionamiento cognitivo. Las orexinas y el sistema endocannabinoide desempeñan un papel crucial en las diferentes etapas de la adicción a la nicotina y en los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria. Nuestros resultados demuestran que los receptores de orexina la mejora de memoria inducido por un el tratamiento agudo de nicotina, mientras que el sistema endocannabinoide, actuando a través de los receptores CB1 modula los déficits cognitivos asociados con la abstinencia de nicotina. Además, hemos revelado que un proceso inflamatorio está asociado al desarrollo de los déficits cognitivos de la abstinencia a nicotina. Dado que la presencia de alteraciones cognitivas se asocia con un mayor riesgo de recaída en el hábito de fumar, nuestros resultados identifican a los receptores CB1 y fármacos antiinflamatorios como potenciales nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para la dependencia de la nicotina.
Kolokotroni, Katerina Zoe. "Nicotine addiction and impulsive behaviour : disentangling the relationship." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/679/.
Full textTorres, Oscar Valentin. "Examination of the rewarding effects of nicotine during the adolescent period of development." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
Full textCunningham, L. Joseph. "A stop smoking guide for the self-help quitting process." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/917044.
Full textFisher Institute for Wellness
Stennett, Bethany Ann. "Novel Therapy for Nicotine Addiction in Alcohol Dependent Rats." UNF Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/465.
Full textThompson, Lauren. "Intracellular Signaling Contributions to Behaviors Relevant to Nicotine Addiction." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/253.
Full textDe, Preter C. C., Liza J. Hernandez, Seth L. Kirby, R. B. Campbell, E. Beaumont, C. A. Bradley, Matthew I. Palmatier, and Russell W. Brown. "Adolescent Methylphenidate Exposure Alters Nicotine Self-Administration and the Accumbal Firing Response to Nicotine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/971.
Full textBracken, Amy L. "Effects of nicotine exposure in adolescent rats on acquistion of alcohol drinking and response to nicotine in adulthood." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1950.
Full textTitle from screen (viewed on September 30, 2009). Department of Medical Neuroscience, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): William J. McBride, R. Andrew Chambers, James M. Murphy, Zachary A. Rodd. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-143).
Hayward, Robert C. "The significance of withdrawal in a multidisciplinary profile of tobacco dependence." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/fecadd04-2154-439a-baa3-7ba3fa983ecc.
Full textYerardi, Ruth Schroeder. "Biobehavioral nicotine dependence in persons with schizophrenia." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1172512647.
Full textKummer, Sami 1985. "Involvement of pre-proenkephalin and sigma-1 receptors in nicotine addiction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669683.
Full textTobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide, responsible for more than 7 million deaths per year. Nicotine is the main psychoactive component of tobacco and responsible for its addictive properties. Although smoking cessation produces significant health benefits, around 80% of former smokers relapse within the first month. Nicotine acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, however, nicotine addiction is a complex brain disease that involves the participation of several neurotransmitter systems. In a first approach, we combined sophisticated operant behavioral models with genetic and virus-mediated chemogenetic tools to demonstrate that opioid signaling and corticostriatal glutamatergic signaling critically contribute to the reinforcing properties of nicotine. We further revealed that nicotine self-administration triggers structural plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell. Interestingly, structural plasticity was singularly driven by contingent nicotine self-administration, but not non-contingent nicotine administration, concluding that goal-directed behavior and conditioning are necessary to trigger the mechanisms that underly structural plasticity. In a second approach, we demonstrated for the first time the implication of the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), a novel receptor type that is thought to lack its own specific signaling machinery, in the relapse to nicotine-seeking. Acute blockade of Sig-1Rs significantly decreased cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking by inhibiting neurobiological adaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex and NAc, including Sig-1Rs, glutamatergic, cholinergic and opioid receptors. Together, our study provided new insights about the involvement of opioid, glutamatergic and Sig-1R signaling in nicotine addiction that can help to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat nicotine addiction.
Zhao, Zongmin. "Factors that Affect the Immunogenicity of Lipid-PLGA Nanoparticle-Based Nanovaccines against Nicotine Addiction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88033.
Full textPHD
Watkins, Shelly S. "Opponent process and nicotine addiction : perpetuation of dependence through negative reinforcement processes /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9963666.
Full textBrown, Russell W., Amanda M. Maple, Marla K. Perna, A. Brianna Sheppard, Zackary A. Cope, and Richard M. Kostrzewa. "Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse Comorbidity: Nicotine Addiction and the Neonatal Quinpirole Model." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1159/000338830.
Full textHenderson, Brandon J. "Discovery and Characterization of Selective Negative Allosteric Modulators of Human α4β2 Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1307647472.
Full textAmantea, Diana. "Study of GABAâ†B receptor mechanisms on the mesocorticolimbic system of nicotine dependent rats." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273728.
Full textKleykamp, Betha A. "The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Tobacco/Nicotine Withdrawal and Concurrently Administered Cigarettes in Women and Men." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1218.
Full textBisch, Ochoa Laura. "Rx for change nurses' responses to a smoking cessation intervention /." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2009. http://etd.umsl.edu/r4221.
Full textPeterson, Daniel, A. Brianna Sheppard, Matthew I. Palmatier, and Russell W. Brown. "Adolescent Methylphenidate Exposure Increases the Reinforcement Enhancing Effects of Nicotine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/963.
Full textPeterson, Daniel J., Jim Wherry, Elizabeth D. Cummins, Don Hoover, and Russell W. Brown. "The Role of the Α7 and Α4β2 Nicotinic Receptors in Nicotine Sensitization and Neural Plasticity of Adolescent Rats Neonatally Treated with Quinpirole: Effects on Mtor and Nicotinic Receptor Density." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2769.
Full textCrawford, Caroline. "The effects of smoking cessation on changes in dietary intake." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/MQ44152.pdf.
Full textMurray, Heather W. Herbert James D. "The impact of brief acceptance-based versus control-based interventions on distress tolerance in early lapsing nicotine dependent individuals /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1793.
Full textDaniels, Karin Elizabeth. "Hookah pipe use : comparing male and female university students' knowledge, risk perceptions and behaviours." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5109.
Full textHookah pipe use is widely viewed as a safe alternative to cigarette smoking rather than a potential health-risk. In fact, for young people hookah pipe use may represent an initial stage of later addiction and the transition to cigarette smoking. Furthermore, studies conducted abroad, suggest that the use of the hookah pipe firstly started as a cultural phenomenon, and secondly, as with cigarette smoking, the hookah pipe has become a social phenomenon. Despite these challenges, studies provide sufficient evidence that hookah pipe use is a potential health risk. The primary aim of the study was to compare male and female university students’ knowledge, risk perceptions and behaviours concerning hookah pipe smoking. A quantitative methodological approach, with a cross-sectional design, was used to conduct the research study. A final self-selected sample of 389 participants voluntarily participated in this study. The final sample included 64% females and 36% males with a mean age of 22.2 years; with the mean age for first-time hookah pipe smoking was 15.7 years. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire constructed from The College Health Behavior Survey (2010-2011) which was developed at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Descriptive quantitative results were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) and presented. The results suggest 70% of hookah pipe users daily smoke the hookah pipe with more than 20% smoking on campus. This was similar for males and females. Users perceived the hookah pipe to be less harmful and less addictive than cigarette smoking. Furthermore, smoking the hookah pipe is considered socially acceptable and is also smoked in the family home. Implications for policy are stated.
Valverde, Sébastien. "Diversity of dopaminergic responses to drugs : a novel organizing principle of concurrent excitation and inhibition." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066679.
Full textMidbrain dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are at the center of the brain's reward system. They are involved in many different brain processes such as motivation, associative learning and reinforcement, and are critically involved in the pathophysiology of addiction. VTA DA neurons mostly project to the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) and the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) where they send signals related to motivational control. The common feature of drugs of abuse relates to their ability to increase DA levels in these regions. Indeed, drugs target VTA DA neurons, derailing the system from its natural reward-processing functions, which is thought to be the underlying neurophysiological mechanism leading to addiction. Nicotine is known to modulate the DAergic system through its actions on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are highly expressed in the VTA. This results in an increase of DA concentrations in the areas of projection, which leads to the maladaptive behavior of nicotine addiction. However this apparent increase of DA release conceals the complexity of the system's response to nicotine. Indeed, DA neurons consist of a very heterogenous population, and don't respond uniformly to events or to addictive drugs. Thus my work has focused on the characterization of VTA DA neuron's heterogenous responses to nicotine. In contrast to the commonly acknowledged excitatory effect of nicotine on DA neurons, I've analyzed a subpopulation of DA neurons which are inhibited by nicotine. These concurrent but opposite responses to nicotine occur in an anatomically-dependent manner, with the inhibited population being localized more medially within the VTA compared to the activated population. We show that this inhibition requires the activation of inhibitory dopamine receptors, and could thus be mediated by an intra-VTA DA release. Although we also observe anatomically segregated excitatory and inhibitory responses to painful stimuli, these responses do not correlate to the ones induced by nicotine and are organized in a dorso-ventral fashion rather than a medio-lateral one, suggesting that the DAergic message conveyed by nicotine does not match the one conveyed by aversion. Moreover, we found that concurrent excitatory and inhibitory responses are also induced by other drugs of abuse such as ethanol and benzodiazepines. This suggests that these responses can be extended to other stimuli, but also that there exists an anatomically defined organizing principle of the VTA, in which the lateral VTA interacts with the medial VTA via a local network effect
Maartens, Pieter Johann. "Investigating the effects of nicotine on the male reproductive system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85759.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Much has been documented about the detrimental effects of adverse lifestyle factor exposure on the body. Exposure to factors, such as cigarette smoke, have proved to not only be a burden on global health and economy, but have also led to growing concerns about effects on systemic functions such as reproduction. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of in utero and in vitro nicotine exposure on spermatozoal function and the antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) status of the male reproductive system. A better understanding of this process is necessary to combat the respective burdens of smoking and male infertility and for the prospective development of treatment strategies. Two experimental models were employed: Wistar rats were exposed to nicotine in utero while human and rat spermatozoa were exposed to nicotine in vitro. In utero studies were achieved by selecting healthy pregnant rats and treating them with 1 mg/kg-bodyweight/day nicotine or 1 ml/kg-bodyweight/day 0.85% physiologic saline throughout gestation and lactation. Male rat pups were selected and sacrificed at each of the following age groups (n=6): 42 days, 84 days and 168 days old. The pups were only exposed to the treatment/saline via placental uptake or lactation. Biochemical analyses of the tissue comprised of measurement of LPO and antioxidant enzyme activity. Results indicated a significant association of maternal nicotine exposure to decreased levels of primary antioxidant enzymes in rat testes. Of particular note was the observation that the treatment group, of which each of the respective antioxidant enzyme levels were significantly less than the control group, was the oldest (d168) rat group. In vitro studies were achieved by collecting sperm samples from healthy human donors (n=12), healthy rats (n=6) and obese rats (n=6). Samples were washed and exposed to different concentrations of high levels of nicotine (Control, 0.1mM, 1mM, 5mM, 10mM) in vitro. Semen parameters such as motility, viability and acrosome reaction were monitored at different time points (30min, 60min, 120min, 180min). Results revealed increasing in vitro nicotine concentrations were associated with decreased viability and acrosomal status of human spermatozoa and decreased progressive motility and viability of rat spermatozoa. Obesity was also associated with decreases in progressive motility and viability of rat spermatozoa. These results indicate that the acute in vitro exposure of spermatozoa to high levels of nicotine could adversely affect semen quality and may be an additive factor to the impediment of male fertility. In utero results reveal maternal nicotine exposure adversely affects male fertility in later life and seems to elicit more detrimental effects on the reproductive system than that of direct nicotine exposure to spermatozoa. Obesity also inhibits parameters of male fertility and these effects are exacerbated by nicotine exposure. The authors believe these adverse effects on the reproductive system to be related to an increased activation of leukocytes, excess production in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent onset of oxidative stress (OS). Nevertheless this study agrees with other studies that nicotine exposure may be an additive factor to the impediment of male fertility.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is reeds baie bekend oor die moontlik newe effekte vir die liggaam wat met ‘n ongesonde lewenstyl gepaard gaan. Menslike blootstelling aan sulke faktore, soos sigaret rook, is wêreldwyd ‘n las vir gesondheid en ekonomie en het gelei tot geweldige kommer onder navorsers oor die moontlike komplikasies vir liggaamlike funksies soos voortplanting. Die doel van die betrokke projek was om die effekte van in utero en in vivo nikotien blootstelling op die antioksiderende ensiem aktiwiteit en lipied peroksidasie status van reproduktiewe weefsel en die funksionele parameters van spermatozoa te bepaal. ‘n Beter begrip van hierdie proses is noodsaaklik om die las van rook en vetsug teen te werk en vir die moontlike ontwikkeling van behandelingsstrategieë. Twee eksperimentele modelle is ontwerp: Wistar rotte is in utero blootgestel aan nikotien terwyl mens- en rot- spermatosoë ook in vitro aan nikotien blootgestel is. Vir die in utero studie is gesonde dragtige rotte gedurende swangerskap en laktasie met 1 mg/kgliggaamsgewig/ dag nikotien of 1 ml/kg-liggaamsgewig/dag 0.85% fisiologiese soutoplossing behandel. Manlike welpies is gekies en geoffer op elk van die volgende ouderdomme (n=6): 42 dae, 84 dae en 168 dae. Die welpies is slegs aan nikotien blootgestel deur plasentale opname en laktasie. Biochemiese analise van die testikulêre weefsel het ‘n beduidende assosiasie getoon tussen maternale nikotien blootstelling en verminderde vlakke van die primêre antioksiderende ensieme. Die 168 dag oue groep het ‘n merkbare vermindering getoon tussen kontrole en nikotien weefsel vir elk van die antioksiderende ensieme. Vir die in vitro studie is sperm monsters verkry vanaf gesonde mans (n=12), gesonde rotte (n=6) en vet rotte (n=6). Monsters is gewas en in vitro blootgestel aan verskeie hoë vlakke van nikotien (kontrole, 0.1mM, 1mM, 5mM, 10mM). Seminale parameters soos motiliteit, lewensvatbaarheid en akrosoom status is by verskei tydpunte gemeet (30min, 60min, 120min, 180min). Dit blyk dat verhoging in in vitro nikotien konsentrasies verband hou met verlaagde lewensvatbaarheid en akrosoom status van menslike spermatosoë en verlaagde progressiewe motilteit en lewensvatbaarheid van rot spermatosoë. Vetsug is ook geassosieer met verlagings in progressiewe beweeglikheid en lewensvatbaarheid van rot spermatosoë. In utero resultate openbaar dat maternale nikotien blootstelling manlike vrugbaarheid nadelig beïnvloed in latere lewe en blyk dat dit meer van ‘n nadelige uitwerking op die voortplantingstelsel het as dié van direkte nikotien blootstelling aan spermatosoë. In vitro blootstelling van spermatosoë aan hoë vlakke van nikotien, het wel ook semen kwaliteit nadelig beïnvloed. Vetsug inhibeer ook manlike vrugbaarheids parameters en hierdie effek word vererger deur nikotien blootstelling. Die outeure glo dat hierdie nadelige uitwerking op die voortplantingstelsel verband hou met 'n verhoogde aktivering van leukosiete, oortollige produksie van reaktiewe suurstof spesies en die gevolglike aanvang van oksidatiewe stres bevorder. Hierdie studie stem wel ooreen met ander studies wat nikotien blootstelling bestempel as ‘n bydraende faktor tot die struikelblok van manlike onvrugbaarheid.
Harry Crossley Foundation (South Africa)
David, Sean P. "Studies of genetic influences on nicotine dependence utilising functional neuroimaging." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:37d9fe42-d1a4-4bb4-82d0-88c399be1f86.
Full textScanlin, Matthew C. "The Effects of Stress-Related Rumination Versus Distraction on Nicotine Cravings and Latency to Smoke among Nicotine-Deprived Smokers." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1572553054250324.
Full textMolas, Casacuberta Susanna 1985. "Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse model overexpressing the CHRNA5/A3/B4 genomic cluster." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/104155.
Full textEl cluster genòmic CHRNA5/A3/B4 codifica per les subunitats alfa5, alfa3 i beta4 dels receptors d’acetilcolina (nAChRs). Estudis de genètica humana han revelat que variants en aquesta regió genòmica estan significativament associats a la dependencia a nicotina. Malauradament, els mecanismes pels quals la sobreexpressió d’aquestes tres subunitats influencia comportaments relacionats amb el consum de tabac no són del tot coneguts. Per tal d’entendre els possibles mecanismes, hem utilitzat un model de ratolí transgènic que sobreexpressa aquest cluster amb els tres gens i les seus elements de regulació transcripcional. Hem trobat que la sobreexpressió del cluster: i) incrementa la sensibilitat als efectes farmacològics de la nicotina; ii) modifica determinats dominis cognitius associats a l’addicció a droges i la complexitat neuronal i plasticitat sinàpica de l’hipocamp; a més a més iii) canvia les propietats de recompensa i aversió de la nicotina i la manifestació del síndrome d’abstinència. El nostre estudi suggereix que el cluster genòmic CHRNA5/A3/B4 contribueix a la vulnerabilitat genètica a l’adicció a la nicotina i promou comportaments relacionats amb el consum de tabac possiblement a través de canvis de plasticitiat a l’hipocamp.
Perna, Marla K., and Russell W. Brown. "Adolescent Nicotine Sensitization and Effects of Nicotine on Accumbal Dopamine Release in a Rodent Model of Increased Dopamine D2 Receptor Sensitivity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/956.
Full textPorter, Ailsa. "Immediate early gene expression in the mesopontine tegmentum and midbrain after acute or chronic nicotine administration." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/507.
Full textKirby, Seth, Katherine C. Burgess, L. A. Beuttel, Daniel J. Peterson, C. A. Bradley, Meng-Yang Zhu, Matthew I. Palmatier, and Russell W. Brown. "Nucleus Accumbens BDNF Overexpression Alters the Behavioral Response to Nicotine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/967.
Full textBrock, Alistair James. "Identifying novel genes associated with response to nicotine in a zebrafish model of drug dependence." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8905.
Full textPeterson, Daniel J., Courtney M. Bardo, Elizabeth D. Cummins, and Russell W. Brown. "The Role of the Alpha7 and Alpha4 Beta2 Nicotinic Receptors in Nicotine Sensitization and Neural Plasticity in Rats Neonatally Treated with Quinpirole." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/959.
Full textTannous, Salma. "Rôle des stimuli sensoriels et de la palatabilité dans la prise orale de nicotine chez la souris." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0398.
Full textTobacco products are highly addictive and their abuse is a major public health problem. In humans, this addiction constitutes an oral consummatory experience involving sensory gustatory and olfactory components. Nowadays, the role of these components is further amplified with the increasing use of new “heat not burn” tobacco products, electronic nicotine delivery device (e-cigarettes especially), where nicotine is associated with additives including flavours and sugars. Thus, the impact of additives on the behaviour of nicotine consumption must be assessed. In this research work, we are interested in oral nicotine and the bidirectional interaction with the associated flavours. In particular, we question the secondary reinforcing properties, the effects of aromas on the palatability of nicotine and its affective coding. In a first chapter, we investigated the irritating properties of nicotine in a model of oral self-administration in mice genetically modified (knockout) for the thermoreceptor TRPV1 (Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) because it is involved in harshness and it is sensitized by nicotine. We highlight that the absence of this receptor promotes nicotine consumption by reducing its oral aversion. It does not, however, have a specific role in motivation and relapse mechanisms. It has been shown that non-pharmacological sensory stimuli become more salient when associated with nicotine. Here, we study the putative secondary reinforcement of oral stimuli by nicotine. We highlight the need for oral nicotine to be combined with additives that mask its bitter taste, to allow its volitional consumption and to be able to model the different stages of the addictive process. This process is sensitive to stimuli for consumption and reinstatement, but is unaffected by pharmacological challenges despite nicotine absorption measured by the dosage of plasma cotinine. High concentrations of nicotine solutions reveal its aversive properties and reduce oral self-administration in mice. Although we do not show the reinforcement of the incentive properties of vanilla by nicotine, we surprisingly show that the aroma itself can reinforce self-administration behaviour. Finally, because of the importance of the oral sensory effects in nicotine consummatory behavior, we studied its palatability properties. Taste reactivity tests show the aversive taste of nicotine alone and the enhancement of its palatability by the addition of aromatic additive. However this change in palatability did not result in changes in the neuronal coding, measured by the labelling of c-Fos protein in brain structures contributing to the expression of the positive and negative valence, notably the nucleus accumbens, the gustatory insular cortex, the basolateral amygdala, the habenula and the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. On the other hand, nicotine, flavoured or not, increased neuronal activity in all these structures. Altogether, these results highlight the importance of nicotine association with flavour additives that can modulate its sensory perception and subsequently promote its consumption. The attractiveness of new tobacco products and their abuse potential is a public health problem that needs urgent study and regulation
Richter, William Thompson. "Parameters of nicotine titration in addicted and non-addicted cigarette smokers." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91144.
Full textM.S.
Schlitt, M. A., Daniel J. Peterson, Elizabeth D. Cummins, and Russell W. Brown. "The Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Adolescent Nicotine Sensitization in a Rodent Model of Schizophrenia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/974.
Full textWilkinson, Derek Scott. "Examination of tolerance to the cognitive enhancing effect of nicotine on contextual conditioning." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/162397.
Full textPh.D.
Nicotine addiction is a multifaceted disease that can be influenced by several factors. Emerging evidence indicates that the neural substrates of nicotine addiction overlap with the neural substrates of learning and memory. Nicotine modulates various types of learning and memory and the ability of nicotine to alter cognitive processes may contribute to its addictive liability. Acute nicotine enhances contextual conditioning in mice, tolerance develops to this effect with chronic administration, and withdrawal from chronic nicotine produces cognitive deficits. While tolerance and withdrawal deficits both occur following chronic administration, it is unknown if they share similar mechanisms. The series of experiments in Chapter 2 were designed to provide evidence that tolerance and withdrawal are dissociable. C57BL/6J mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps that delivered constant nicotine or saline for various durations and then were trained and tested in contextual conditioning either during chronic nicotine administration or 24 hours after pump removal. Chronic nicotine enhanced contextual conditioning in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Tolerance developed quickly to the enhancing effect of chronic nicotine. Furthermore, the duration of chronic nicotine treatment required to produce cognitive deficits upon cessation of treatment differed than that required to produce tolerance, which suggests that tolerance and withdrawal are mediated by separate mechanisms. Chapter 2 concludes by presenting a model that integrates nicotinic acetylcholine receptor desensitization and upregulation to explain the present findings. The model presented in Chapter 2 predicts that there will be enhanced sensitivity to acute nicotine during a period of nicotine withdrawal. Previous research indicates that prior exposure to nicotine enhances sensitivity to acute nicotine injections, but it is unclear if this enhanced sensitivity is due to prior nicotine exposure or enhanced sensitivity to nicotine during withdrawal. Therefore, the experiments in Chapter 3 were designed to determine if prior exposure to nicotine or nicotine withdrawal altered sensitivity to acute nicotine injections. This was accomplished by assessing the effects of acute nicotine on contextual conditioning immediately after cessation of chronic nicotine treatment and two weeks later, a time period not associated with withdrawal-related changes in cognitive function. Results of the study showed that acute nicotine enhanced contextual conditioning across a wide range of doses in both saline- and nicotine-withdrawn mice. However, a greater enhancement of contextual conditioning was observed in mice withdrawn from chronic nicotine treatment for 24 hours than all other withdrawal groups, suggesting enhanced sensitivity during withdrawal. The enhanced sensitivity to acute nicotine suggests altered nAChR function during withdrawal. In addition, the lowest dose of acute nicotine did not enhance contextual conditioning in groups that received chronic nicotine but did in other groups. The simultaneous observation of a hyper and hyposensitive nAChR system during withdrawal suggests that there may be a phasic response to chronic nicotine. Together, the results of the present study suggest that tolerance and withdrawal operate under separate mechanisms, and that there is overall enhanced sensitivity to nicotine during periods of nicotine withdrawal.
Temple University--Theses
Bernard, Amy Lynn. "A descriptive analysis of selected smoking cessation programs." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774763.
Full textDepartment of Physiology and Health Science
Ursprung, W. W. Sanouri A. "Developing Three New Pathophysiologically Based Measures of Nicotine Dependence: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/714.
Full textPeterson, Daniel J., Wesley Drew Gill, John M. Dose, Donald B. Hoover, James R. Pauly, Elizabeth D. Cummins, Katherine C. Burgess, and Russell W. Brown. "The Effects of Nicotine in the Neonatal Quinpirole Rodent Model of Psychosis: Neural Plasticity Mechanisms and Nicotinic Receptor Changes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/942.
Full textRaymond, Barrett H. "The Nicotine Content of a Sample of E-cigarette Liquid Manufactured in the United States." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6726.
Full textCanals, Sotelo Jaume. "Tabaquisme i addicció a la nicotina. Relació amb el dolor de difícil control i l’Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain (ECS-CP)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670018.
Full textObjetivo: Realizar la traducción y la validación lingüística al Catalán y al Castellano de la “Quick User Guide” de la Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain (ECSCP). Metodología: El proceso de validación se desarrolló en 3 fases. En la primera fase se realizó la traducción de la versión original en inglés al catalán y al castellano, por parte de dos traductores independientes. Este documento fue posteriormente consensuado con el equipo investigador, dando lugar a la primera versión (ECS-CP CATv1 y ECS-CP CAS v1). Posteriormente, esta versión se sometió a un proceso de corrección gramatical (ECS-CP CAT v2 y ECS-CP CASv2). A partir de esta segunda versión, dos traductores independientes realizaron la retrotraducción del catalán y castellano al inglés. Después de la conciliación de diferencias de criterio entre los traductores y el equipo investigador se obtuvo la tercera versión (ECS-CP CATv3 y ECS-CP CASv3). En la segunda fase se analizaron la legibilidad y la inteligibilidad de la versión 3 dando lugar a la ECS-CP CATv4 y ECS-CP CASv4. El estudio de la legibilidad se llevó a cabo mediante la aplicación de fórmulas de legibilidad a través del programa informático INFLESZ. Con este programa se analizaron los Índice de legibilidad de Flesch-Szigriszt (IFSZ) y el Índice Fernández-Huertas. La inteligibilidad se realizó mediante el consenso entre los traductores, el equipo investigador i los expertos lingüistas. Para el desarrollo de la tercera fase se siguió la metodología utilizada por Chewaskulyong B et al. en la validación del Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) del inglés al tailandés. Se calcularon distintas propiedades psicométricas como el análisis de la validez del contenido y el análisis de la fiabilidad interna. Se preparó un conjunto de 25 escenarios de casos clínicos que se dirigieron a un grupo de 20 clínicos expertos en el ámbito de los cuidados paliativos y atención al final de la vida de la región sanitaria de Lleida. Respondieron en dos ocasiones, separadas entre sí por un espacio de tiempo de 15 días. Antes del inicio del estudio se realizó una sesión de formación de una hora de duración. Al acabar el estudio se realizó una encuesta entre los participantes para completar el análisis cualitativo. Para el cálculo de la fiabilidad interna se utilizó el programa informático SPSS v20.0 y se calculó el coeficiente kappa promedio para variables ordinales. La “Quick User Guide” se acompaña de un documento donde se definen los distintos términos utilizados. De manera complementaria y paralela se llevó a cabo su traducción por parte de los mismos traductores y el resultado se consensuó con los investigadores y los expertos lingüistas. También se realizó el estudio de legibilidad y de inteligibilidad pero no se realizó el proceso de validación lingüística. La metodología seguida para la segunda parte es la siguiente: La descripción de las variables continuas se realizó con el valor de la media y de su desviación estandar, y la media con el intérvalo o rango intercuartil. Las variables categóricas se muestran con el porcentaje (%). La comparación entre los diversos grupos se realizó aplicando el test de chi-cuadrado para proporciones, el test ANOVA para la comparación de medias (con análisis post hoc con la corrección de Bonferroni) o el test no paramétrico de Mann-Whitney de comparación de medias (para dos grupos). Se acepta una significación estadística para p < 0,05. La correlación entre los diversos valores de los factores analizados se realizó mediante la correlación no paramétrica de Spearman. Los pacientes que presentaron valores superiores a EVA MAX de 7, se definieron como “dolor severo”. Se efectuó un análisis de regresión logística univariable y múltiple (selección de variables por pasos) para la detección de los factores que influyen de manera independiente de pertenecer a este grupo de pacientes con todas las variables disponibles en la primera visita. La propiedad de discriminación de la escala EDMONTON (y la modificada con la adicción a la nicotina) se analizará con la construcción de la curva ROC (ABC IC 95%). Para el cálculo de los puntos de corte para la escala EDMONTON hemos utilizado árboles de clasificación CHAID (Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection). Los cálculos se han realizado con el programa estadístico SPSS (v 20.0). Resultados: Para completar las ECS-CP CATv3 y ECS-CP CASv3 fueron necesarias diversas reuniones entre los traductores, los expertos lingüistas y los investigadores para consensuar los diferentes cambios necesarios para la elaboración de la última versión. Los términos más significativos objeto de discusión fueron incidental pain (en inglés dolor menor), behaviour, cognitive impairment y distress que se aceptaron como dolor incidental (dolor que aparece de manera súbita y con una intensidad nada menor), conducta, función cognitiva y Distrés (anglicismo frecuentemente utilizado en el ámbito sanitario). El resultado para la versión en catalán del Índice de legibilidad de Flesch-Szigriszt fue de 46.32 (un poco difícil y apto para una población de bachillerato) y el resultado del Índice de Fernández-Huertas fue 52 (bastante difícil y apto para una población de nivel preuniversitario). Los resultados para la traducción de la definición de términos fue de 52.65 (un poco difícil y apto para una población de bachillerato) y de 57.72 (bastante difícil y apto para una población preuniversitaria). El resultado para la versión en castellano del Índice de legibilidad de Flesch-Szigriszt fue de 54,61 (un poco difícil y que correspondería a una población de bachillerato) y el resultado para el Índice de Fernández-Huertas fue de 60.02 (apto para una población de 10-12 años). Los resultados para la traducción de la definición de términos fue de 54.59 (dificultad un poco difícil y apto para una población con un nivel de escolarización equivalente a bachillerato) y de 59.73 (bastante difícil y apto para una población preuniversitaria), respectivamente. El coeficiente Kappa para la ECS-CP CATv4 fue de 0,79 (grado de concordancia bueno) y de 0,83 para la ECS-CP CASv4 (grado de concordancia muy bueno). Para el coeficiente Kappa promedio de cada componente del ECS-CPCP, obtuvimos los siguientes resultados; Para la versión catalana obtuvimos para la N=0,69; I=0,69; P=0,65; A=0,94; C=0,88. Para la versión castellana, los resultados fueron para la N=0,73; I=0,74;P=0,73; A=0,94; C=0,92). De los colaboradores sólo 17 finalizaron el proceso de validación. Dos no completaron la primera fase y, por este motivo, no fueron incluidos en la segunda. Un tercer profesional sanitario no completó la segunda fase y sus resultados de la primera fase fueron excluidos del análisis estadístico. En relación a los resultados de la segunda fase, se reclutaros 211 pacientes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión (diagnóstico de enfermedad oncológica avanzada y con un hábito tabáquico ≥ 5 años durante su vida) y 50 pacientes en el grupo control (también con el diagnóstico de enfermedad oncológica pero sin el hábito tabáquico). En el grupo de los fumadores la media de edad fue de 64 ± 14 años mientras que los hombres serán el 87.2% del total. En el grupo control los resultados fueron de 70,3± 14 años y del 32%, respectivamente. Las dos variables con un nivel de significación con una p<0,001. Las puntuaciones obtenidas en los tests DN4 y CAGE son más elevadas en el grupo de los fumadores. En este grupo también es mayor el porcentaje de pacientes que han precisado una ROP y que la MEDD final también es superior. En el grupo de los fumadores (N=211), el grupo de los pacientes con Fagestrom Mayor (F ≥ 7) son más jóvenes y preferentemente hombres. Mayor prevalencia de neoplasia de pulmón. La variable A (adicción al alcohol) es más prevalente en el grupo de F Mayor. También en la muestra de pacientes fumadores (N=211) existe un punto de corte = 6 que define un grupo con dolor menor (EVA ≤ 6 con N = 75) y un grupo con dolor mayor (EVA ≥ 7 con N = 136). Los pacientes más jóvenes presentan una EVA>6 con más frecuencia que los de mayor edad. También observamos cómo la intensidad del dolor se relaciona con una mayor afectación en los parámetros funcionales según la escala BPI. La intensidad del dolor (EVA>6) se relaciona con el hecho de presentar un menor % de mejoría previa a nuestra primera valoración, una puntuación mayor en el test DN4, en el MMDE y en el número de coanalgésicos utilizados. Mediante el modelo multivariante de Regresión Logística Múltiple para una intensidad del dolor EVA > 6 (n=211), la edad < 65 años y el fagestrom > 6 son factores de riesgo de presentar dolor intenso (EVA>6). Cuantos más factores de riesgo (edad < 65 años o F>6 ) presentan los pacientes, mayor es el % de pacientes con una intensidad del dolor con EVA>6. Las puntuaciones totales en el ECS-CP son mayores en el grupo de adictos al alcohol. También observamos cómo la variable F (test de Fagestrom >6) es más prevalente en el grupo de los adictos al alcohol. El grupo de pacientes con un Fagestrom > 6 presentan una EVA máxima del dolor superior en la 1a visita y también un % inferior de mejoría previa del dolor. También presentan puntuaciones más elevadas en el test de CAGE. Los fármacos analgésicos del tercer escalón de la OMS se utilizaron en un 35 % de los casos antes de nuestra intervención siendo el fentanilo transdérmico el analgésico más utilizado en este grupo. Una vez el dolor fue controlado, este grupo de fármacos se utilizó en el 59 % de los pacientes siendo la morfina retardada la que se prescribió en el 28 % de los casos. Los fármacos coanalgésicos más utilizados para el control del dolor antes de nuestra intervención fueron la gabapentina (18 %) y la pregabalina (5 %). Para ayudar al control adecuado del dolor, los fármacos más utilizados fueron gabapentina (34 %) y los antidepresivos tricíclicos (11 %). Se observa que tanto en el grupo global como en los distintos subgrupos en función de la intensidad del dolor una disminución en el uso de los analgésicos de segundo escalón y un aumento de los fármacos del tercer escalón, principalmente de la formas retard y los FAOs.
Objectives: To translate the “Quick User Guide” of Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain (ECS-CP) into Catalan and Spanish. To validate the instrument in our population. Methodology: The process was designed in three phases. Phase I: two independents translators carried out the translation from original version in English into Catalan and Spanish. This provisional document was further consensuate with the investigation team leading to the first version (ECS-CP CATv1 and ECS-CP CAS v1). Afterwards this version suffered a grammatical adaptation (ECS-CP CAT v2 and ECS-CP CASv2). Then, two different independent translators carried out the backtranslation from Catalan and Spanish into English. After having sorted out criteria differences between translators and the investigation team the third version was set up (ECS-CP CATv3 i ECS-CP CASv3). In the second phase the readability and the intelligibility analysis of the third version was performed and the ECS-CP CATv4 and ECS-CP CASv4 were obtained. The study of the readability was performed through the application of readability formulas using the freeware INFLESZ. With this program the Flesch-Szigriszt readability index and the Fernandez-Huertas Index were obtained. The Intelligibility analysis was done with the agreement within translators, the investigation team amb the linguistic experts. In order to develop the third phase we follow the methodology used by Chewaskulyong B et al when they validated the Palliative Performance Scale (PPS) from English into Thai. Several different psychometric properties were calculated (content validity and internal reliability analysis). A set of 25 different scenarios with clinical cases were addressed to a group of 20 clinicians with expertise in the field of both palliative medicine and end-of-life care from the sanitary region of Lleida. They answered the scenarios twice with a gap of 15 days in between. Before the third phase was initiated we performed a formation session (one hour) and, when the whole process ended the participants were requested to fill a qualitative enquiry. In order to calculate the internal reliability we used the software package SPSS v20.0 and we obtained the kappa coefficient for ordinal variables. Together with the “Quick User Guide” there is a document with the definition of the terminology used. We also carried out the translation of the whole document and the results obtained were consensuate within the investigation team, translators and linguistic experts. We also performed the readability and intelligibility adequacy but not the linguistic validation. The methodology followed for the second part was: We used the mean and the standard deviation for the continuous variables. Categorical variables were expressed in percentage (%). The comparison between different groups was done with the Chi-squared test for proportions, the ANOVA test to compare means (with post hoc analysis with the Bonferroni correction) or the Mann-Whitney non-parametrical test to compare means between two groups. A level of statistical significance was accepted at p < 0,05 The correlation within different values of the factors analysed was carried out with the non parametrical Spearman test. Those patients with values of EVA MAX to 7, were defined as “severe pain”. A multivariate analysis was performed in order to detect those factors that influenced in an independent manner to belong to this group of patients with the data obtained in our first visit. The property of discrimination of the scale EDMONTON (and the modified one with the addiction to the nicotine) will be analyzed by the construction of the curve ROC (ABC IC 95 %). To calculate the cut-off point for the EDMONTON scale we used the CHAID (Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection) classification. We used the SPSS (v 20.0) statistical package. Results: Several meetings within the translators, investigation team amb linguistic experts were necessary in order to consensuate the needed modifications before to achieve the ECSCP CATv3 and ECS-CP CASv3 versions. Several disagreements arose when dealing with the meaning of several words. Incidental pain (in English minor pain), behaviour, cognitive impairment and distress were translated as dolor incidental (pain that appears suddenly and with an important intensity), conducta, funció(n) cognitiva and distrés (English word widely used in the sanitary slang). The score for the Catalan version of the Flesch-Szigriszt Readability Index was 46.32 (somewhat difficult and ready for a high school literacy level population) and the score for the Fernandez-Huertas Index was of 52 (fairly difficult and ready for a preUniversitary literacy level population). The scores for the translation of the definition of terminology were of 52.65 (somewhat difficult and ready for a high school literacy level population) and of 57.72 (fairly difficult and ready for a pre-Universitary literacy level population) , respectively. The Flesch-Szigriszt Readability Index score for the Spanish version was 54,61 (somewhat difficult and ready for a high school literacy level population) and the Fernandez-Huertas Index score was 60.02 (good for a population of 10-12 years old). The scores for the definition of terminology were of 54,59 (somewhat difficult and ready for a high school literacy level population) and of 59.73 (fairly difficult and ready for a pre-Universitary literacy level population). The mean kappa coefficient for the ECS-CP CATv4 was of 0.79 (good level of agreement) and of 0.83 for the ECS-CP CASv4 (very good level of agreement). For the mean kappa coefficient for each item of the ECS-CP, the following results were obtained; For the catalan version, the result for the N=0,69; I=0,69; P=0,65; A=0,94; C=0,88. For the spanish version, the result for the N=0,73; I=0,74;P=0,73; A=0,94; C=0,92). From the 20 reporters recruited only 17 completed the study. Two did no complete the first phase so they were not included in the second phase) A third reporter did not complete the second phase so their data were excluded from the database analysis. In order to carry out with the second phase, we recruited 211 patients that met the inclusion criteria (advanced cancer and smokers > 5 years) and 50 patients in the group control (advanced cancer and non-smokers) Among the group of the smokers, the mean of age was 64 ± 14 years. Men were the 87.2% of the total. In the control group the results were 70,3± 14 years and the 32%, respectively. The level of significance was p<0,001. The scores obtained in the DN4 and CAGE questionnaires were higher in the smokers group. In this group it is significantly higher the % of patients that needed a ROP and the end MEDD in order to achieve a good pain control. In the smokers groups (N=211), patients with a Fagestrom score > 7 were men and younger and lung cancer was the most diagnosed tumour. The A variable (alcohol addiction) is more prevalent in the group with higher fagestrom score. Also, in the sample of smokers there is a cut-off point of VAS > 6. This point divides the sample in two different groups; the first one (N=75) with a VAS ≤ 6 and a second group (N=136) with a VAS > 6). Younger patients (age < 65 years) presents with a VAS >6 more frequently than older patients. Severity of pain relates directly with functional parameters according to the BPI scale. The intensity of pain (VAS > 6) correlates with the fact of having achieved a minor level of pain control prior to our first appointment, higher scores in the DN4 questionnaire, in the MMDE and in the number of coanalgèsics drugs used. By using the multivariate analysis, younger patients (age < 65 years) and Fagestrom score > 6 are considered a risk factor of presenting severe pain (VAS > 6). Total scores in the ECS-CP are higher among alcohol addicted patients. Addiction to nicotine defined with a fagestrom > 6 is also more prevalent among the alcohol addicted patients. Regarding the use analgesics, those belonging to the third step of the WHO analgesic ladder were prescribed in the 35% of the patients before our first intervention. Fentanil delivered through the transdermal route was the most used. Once pain was successfully controlled this group of drugs was used in the 59 % of patients and long acting morphine was prescribed in the 28% of patients. Among the coanalgèsics gabapentin (18%) and pregabalin (5%) were the most frequently prescribed before pain was under control. Once pain was controlled, gabapentin was prescribed in the 34% of the cases while tricyclic antidepressants were prescribed in the 11% of patients. In order to achieve a good pain control data suggest that second step analgesics were switched for third step analgesics, mainly with retard formulas and the FAOs.
Klemperer, Elias Mushabac. "A Randomized Trial to Compare Switching to Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes Versus Reducing Cigarettes Per Day." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/922.
Full textKirby, Seth, Elizabeth D. Cummins, Daniel J. Peterson, Leigh Kassem, and Russell W. Brown. "A Test of the Rewarding Versus Aversive Effects of Nicotine in Rats Neonatally Treated with Quinpirole." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/972.
Full textPlaza-Zabala, Ainhoa 1982. "Involvement of the hypocretin/orexin system in the addictive properties of nicotine." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116732.
Full textOxley, Vanessa, and n/a. "The impact of becoming or wanting to become smokefree for Maori." University of Otago. Te Tumu - School of Maori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070502.151701.
Full textPonzoni, L. "RUOLO DEI RECETTORI NICOTINICI CENTRALI NELL'ADDICTION' E NELLA 'DEPENDENCE' DA NICOTINA: POTENZIALE STRATEGIA FARMACOLOGICA DI NUOVI AGONISTI NICOTINICI PARZIALI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/244857.
Full text