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Journal articles on the topic 'Nickel-Zinc battery'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Shi, Xiangze, Xiao Li, Zijian He, and Hui Jiang. "Dynamic Evolution of the Zinc-Nickel Battery Industry and Evidence from China." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (August 7, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1992845.

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This paper analyzes the development prospects of zinc-nickel battery industry, further investigates the industry competition in existing markets by mathematical modeling, calculates the equilibrium price and profit of the oligarch competition by using the method of Stackelberg equilibrium and Nash equilibrium, and makes a comparison between them. Then, we study and model the case of renting and selling simultaneously. In addition, we also study the impact of futures prices on the zinc-nickel battery companies and carry out numerical simulation. At the end of this paper, we analyze the location of zinc-nickel battery enterprises and the industry development under the COVID-19 pandemic. The finding show that the reduction of raw material cost is of great help to the development of the zinc-nickel battery industry.

2

Song, Chunning, Kaixuan Zhang, and Nanjun Li. "Modeling and Simulation of Single Flow Zinc–Nickel Redox Battery Coupled with Multi-Physics Fields." Batteries 10, no. 5 (May 19, 2024): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10050166.

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Metallic zinc (Zn) presents a compelling alternative to conventional electrochemical energy storage systems due to its environmentally friendly nature, abundant availability, high water compatibility, low toxicity, low electrochemical potential (−0.762 V vs. SHE), and cost-effectiveness. While considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing the physical and chemical properties of zinc-ion battery materials to improve battery efficiency and longevity, research on multi-physics coupled modeling for a deeper understanding of battery performance remains relatively scarce. In this study, we established a comprehensive two-dimensional model for single-flow zinc–nickel redox batteries to investigate electrode reactions, current-potential behaviors, and concentration distributions, leveraging theories such as Nernst–Planck and Butler–Volmer. Additionally, we explored the distribution of the velocity field using the Brinkman theory in porous media and the Navier–Stokes equations in free-flow channels. The validated model, informed by experimental data, not only provides insights into the performance of the battery, but also offers valuable recommendations for advancing single-flow zinc–nickel battery technology. Our findings offer promising avenues for enhancing the design and performance of not only zinc–nickel flow batteries, but also applicable for other flow battery designs.

3

Payer, Gizem, and Özgenç Ebil. "Zinc Electrode Morphology Evolution in High Energy Density Nickel-Zinc Batteries." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1280236.

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Prismatic Nickel-Zinc (NiZn) batteries with energy densities higher than 100 Wh kg−1were prepared using Zn electrodes with different initial morphologies. The effect of initial morphology of zinc electrode on battery capacity was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal that initial morphology of zinc electrode changes drastically after a few charge/discharge cycles regardless of initial ZnO powder used. ZnO electrodes prepared using ZnO powders synthesized from ZnCl2and Zn(NO3)2lead to average battery energy densities ranging between 92 Wh kg−1and 109 Wh kg−1while using conventional ZnO powder leads to a higher energy density, 118 Wh kg−1. Average discharge capacities of zinc electrodes vary between 270 and 345 mA g−1, much lower than reported values for nano ZnO powders in literature. Higher electrode surface area or higher electrode discharge capacity does not necessarily translate to higher battery energy density.

4

Lin, Song Zhu, Xiao Qing Zhou, and Ruo Kun Jia. "The Study on the Properties of Zinc-Nickel Battery." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1017–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1017.

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A novel method was showed to the preparation of zinc electrodes with step heat. The process is not only simple for the preparation of electrodes, but also better for the performance. Zinc nitrate and calcium nitrate were selected as raw materials for preparing calcium zincate electrodes. Preparation of zinc electrodes under different conditions were studied and compared. The results shows that the performance of a battery which is composed of electrodes with step heat can meet the requirements for high power zinc-nickel batteries.

5

Cheng, Jie, Li Zhang, Yu-Sheng Yang, Yue-Hua Wen, Gao-Ping Cao, and Xin-Dong Wang. "Preliminary study of single flow zinc–nickel battery." Electrochemistry Communications 9, no. 11 (November 2007): 2639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.08.016.

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6

Morimitsu, Masatsugu, Takuya Okumura, and Mayu Yasuda. "Cycling Performance of Zinc-Nickel Rechargeable Battery Using Segmentation of Electrolyte." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 5 (August 28, 2023): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015889mtgabs.

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An aqueous rechargeable battery (ARB) shows a high safety and a potential of high cycleability, which have been demonstrated with nickel-hydrogen batteries (NHB) used in electrified vehicles such as HEV and PHEV and electronic devices. A zinc-nickel secondary battery (ZNB) is one of the promising candidates of next-generation ARB which could have higher energy density and power density than NHB, although the zinc anode for secondary uses is still suffering from the issues on dendrite growth and non-uniform redistribution of zinc and zinc oxide, because they result in an internal short circuit and a poor capacity retention. In this paper, we introduce a novel zinc anode with segmentation of electrolyte (SoE) developed in our recent works. The concept of SoE is to segment the space of the electrolyte between the anode and the cathode. The electrolyte is KOH solutions containing zincate ions that are the intermediate of redox reaction between zinc and zinc oxide, and SoE gives the limited space for zincate ions, within which they can move free but the concentration change is suppressed in the limited space so that the non-uniform reaction distribution during charge and discharge is also inhibited. Our ZNB using SoE technology presented the excellent cycling performance at 1 C of charge-discharge rate for 5,500 cycles, in which the charge and discharge voltages hardly changed and the discharge capacity was 90% or more of the initial one during the cycles [1]. Comparison to ZNB using non-woven separator further indicated that SoE technology is beneficial to improve the cycling performance on cell voltage and capacity retention and ZNB with SoE is unnecessary to use non-woven separator. SoE is expected to solve the zinc anode problems of ZNB, i.e., both zinc dendrite and non-uniform distribution of zinc/zinc oxide, and may be applied to other zinc rechargeable battery such as zinc-air battery. This work was financially supported by DOWA Holdings, Co. Ltd. Ref. [1] M. Morimitsu, Patent No. WO-A1-2021/049609. Figure 1

7

Zhang, Li, Jie Cheng, Yu-sheng Yang, Yue-hua Wen, Xin-dong Wang, and Gao-ping Cao. "Study of zinc electrodes for single flow zinc/nickel battery application." Journal of Power Sources 179, no. 1 (April 2008): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.12.088.

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8

Li, Yan Xue, Ming Chui Dong, Peng Cheng Zhao, and Ying Duo Han. "Modeling of Single Flow Zinc-Nickel Battery for System Efficiency Improvement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.94.

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In operating of a flow battery, a certain flow rate should be maintained in order to guarantee its performance. But the pump consumed power may cause significant losses for the overall battery system. In this paper, a fresh electrical model is proposed for the novel single flow zinc-nickel battery. The model consists of both battery stack part and pump power part, which consequently not only predicts accurately the battery electrical output, but also estimates the pump consumed power at different electrolyte flow rate. Based on the validated model, the influence of pump power on flow battery’s system efficiency can be evaluated at different operating modes. At last, possible means to further improve the system efficiency of battery is discussed.

9

Nazri, M. A., Anis Nurashikin Nordin, L. M. Lim, M. Y. Tura Ali, Muhammad Irsyad Suhaimi, I. Mansor, R. Othman, S. R. Meskon, and Z. Samsudin. "Fabrication and characterization of printed zinc batteries." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 1173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i3.2858.

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Zinc batteries are a more sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries due to its components being highly recyclable. With the improvements in the screen printing technology, high quality devices can be printed with at high throughput and precision at a lower cost compared to those manufactured using lithographic techniques. In this paper we describe the fabrication and characterization of printed zinc batteries. Different binder materials such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB), were used to fabricate the electrodes. The electrodes were first evaluated using three-electrode cyclic voltammetry, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy before being fully assembled and tested using charge-discharge test and two-electrode cyclic voltammetry. The results show that the printed ZnO electrode with PVB as binder performed better than PVP-based ZnO. The XRD data prove that the electro-active materials were successfully transferred to the sample. However, based on the evaluation, the results show that the cathode electrode was dominated by the silver instead of Ni(OH)2, which leads the sample to behave like a silver-zinc battery instead of a nickel-zinc battery. Nevertheless, the printed zinc battery electrodes were successfully evaluated, and more current collector materials for cathode should be explored for printed nickel-zinc batteries.

10

Long, Jeffrey W., Ryan H. DeBlock, Christopher N. Chervin, Joseph F. Parker, and Debra R. Rolison. "(Invited) Architected Zinc Anodes Enable Next-Generation Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 5 (August 28, 2023): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015900mtgabs.

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Zinc-based batteries offer the compelling benefits of a high-capacity, abundant anode material and the use of aqueous electrolytes for ease of assembly and safe operation. To solve the standing roadblock to rechargeable zinc-based batteries—shape change and dendrite formation under demanding cycling conditions—we adapt lessons of 3D electrode design from our prior breakthroughs with energy-storing nanoarchitectures. Zinc “sponge” form factors are fabricated by fusing 50–100 mm zinc particles into a porous, monolithic structure. Electrochemical reaction fronts are distributed throughout these 3D-wired zinc architectures, effectively thwarting dendrite formation and homogeneously distributing reaction products, even at high current density [1,2]. Over the development course of the NRL Zn sponge anode, each successive generation has been further optimized with manufacturability as a foremost consideration, such that the current sponge formulation is readily and simply processed at increasing scale to sizes necessary for relevant energy-storage applications. Zinc sponges are evaluated in multiple battery configurations including zinc–air, nickel–zinc, and silver–zinc to validate such performance characteristics as cycle life and specific power. We are also expanding 3D architecture concepts to other metals of relevance for battery applications. [1] J.F. Parker, C.N. Chervin, E.S. Nelson, D.R. Rolison, J.W. Long, “Wiring zinc in three dimensions re-writes battery performance―Dendrite-free cycling.” Energy Environ. Sci., 7, 1117–1124 (2014). [2] J.F. Parker, C.N. Chervin, I.R. Pala, M. Machler, M.F. Burz, J.W. Long, and D.R. Rolison, “Rechargeable nickel–3D zinc batteries: An energy-dense, safer alternative to lithium-ion.” Science, 356, 415–418 (2017).

11

Yasuda, Mayu, Takuya Okumura, and Masatsugu Morimitsu. "High Rate Performance of Zinc-Nickel Secondary Battery Using Robust Zinc Electrode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-02, no. 68 (November 23, 2020): 3490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-02683490mtgabs.

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12

Coates, Dwaine, Elio Ferreira, and Allen Charkey. "An improved nickel/zinc battery for ventricular assist systems." Journal of Power Sources 65, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(96)02614-6.

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13

Zhang, Emma Qingnan, and Luping Tang. "Rechargeable Concrete Battery." Buildings 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11030103.

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A rechargeable cement-based battery was developed, with an average energy density of 7 Wh/m2 (or 0.8 Wh/L) during six charge/discharge cycles. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were selected as anodes, and nickel-based (Ni) oxides as cathodes. The conductivity of cement-based electrolytes was modified by adding short carbon fibers (CF). The cement-based electrodes were produced by two methods: powder-mixing and metal-coating. Different combinations of cells were tested. The results showed that the best performance of the rechargeable battery was the Ni–Fe battery, produced by the metal-coating method.

14

Ruismäki, Ronja, Anna Dańczak, Lassi Klemettinen, Pekka Taskinen, Daniel Lindberg, and Ari Jokilaakso. "Integrated Battery Scrap Recycling and Nickel Slag Cleaning with Methane Reduction." Minerals 10, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10050435.

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Innovative recycling routes are needed to fulfill the increasing demand for battery raw materials to ensure sufficiency in the future. The integration of battery scrap recycling and nickel slag cleaning by reduction with methane was experimentally researched for the first time in this study. Industrial nickel slag from the direct Outotec nickel flash smelting (DON) process was mixed with both synthetic and industrial battery scrap. The end products of the slag-scrap mixtures after reduction at 1400 °C in a CH4 (5 vol %)-N2 atmosphere were an Ni–Co–Cu–Fe metal alloy and FeOx–SiO2 slag. It was noted that a higher initial amount of cobalt in the feed mixture increased the recovery of cobalt to the metal alloy. Increasing the reduction time decreased the fraction of sulfur in the metal alloy and magnetite in the slag. After reduction, manganese was deported in the slag and most of the zinc volatilized. This study confirmed the possibility of replacing coke with methane as a non-fossil reductant in nickel slag cleaning on a laboratory scale, and the recovery of battery metals cobalt and nickel in the slag cleaning process with good yields.

15

Cheng, Yafei, Dezhou Zheng, Wei Xu, Hongbo Geng, and Xihong Lu. "The ultrasonic-assisted growth of porous cobalt/nickel composite hydroxides as a super high-energy and stable cathode for aqueous zinc batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 34 (2020): 17741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta05941b.

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Porous cobalt/nickel composite hydroxides are facilely formed on Co–Ni foam via a facile and cost-effective ultrasonication strategy, exhibiting excellent rate performance and superb cycling stability as aqueous zinc battery cathode.

16

Chowdhury, Anuradha, Kuan-Ching Lee, Mitchell Shyan Wei Lim, Kuan-Lun Pan, Jyy Ning Chen, Siewhui Chong, Chao-Ming Huang, Guan-Ting Pan, and Thomas Chung-Kuang Yang. "The Zinc-Air Battery Performance with Ni-Doped MnO2 Electrodes." Processes 9, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071087.

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A rechargeable zinc-air battery shows great promise because of its high energy density, low cost, greater safety, and its environment-friendly properties. However, rechargeable zinc-air battery development has been hindered by the lack of a satisfactory bi-functional electrode. In this research, we report on a solution which uses electro-deposition to dope nickel into manganese on the stainless-steel mesh. The result shows the hydroxyl group on the prepared samples improving its oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction performance, as well as boosting the ion diffusion rate and stabilizing the zinc-air battery charge-discharge performance (overall potential gap dropped from 0.84 V to 0.82 V after 1000 cycles). This study contributes to our understanding of a new method for the improvement of bi-functional electrodes.

17

Sun, Fancheng, Tingting Chen, Qing Li, and Huan Pang. "Hierarchical nickel oxalate superstructure assembled from 1D nanorods for aqueous Nickel-Zinc battery." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 627 (December 2022): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.053.

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18

Yao, Shouguang, Xin Kan, Rui Zhou, Xi Ding, Min Xiao, and Jie Cheng. "Simulation of dendritic growth of a zinc anode in a zinc–nickel single flow battery using the phase field-lattice Boltzmann method." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 4 (2021): 1838–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05528j.

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19

Malviya, Ashwani Kumar, Mehdi Zarehparast Malekzadeh, Francisco Enrique Santarremigia, Gemma Dolores Molero, Ignacio Villalba-Sanchis, and Victor Yepes. "A Formulation Model for Computations to Estimate the Lifecycle Cost of NiZn Batteries." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (February 27, 2024): 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16051965.

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The increasing demand for electricity and the electrification of various sectors require more efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions. This paper focuses on the novel rechargeable nickel–zinc battery (RNZB) technology, which has the potential to replace the conventional nickel–cadmium battery (NiCd), in terms of safety, performance, environmental impact, and cost. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of RNZBs by modeling their lifecycle cost (LCC) from cradle to grave. This paper also applies this LCC model to estimate costs along the RNZB’s lifecycle in both cases: per kilogram of battery mass and per kilowatt hour of energy released. This model is shown to be reliable by comparing its results with costs provided by recognized software used for LCC analysis. A comparison of LCCs for three widely used battery technologies: lead–acid, Li-ion LFP, and NMC batteries, which can be market competitors of NiZn, is also provided. The study concludes that the NiZn battery was found to be the cheapest throughout its entire lifecycle, with NiZn Formulation 1 being the cheapest option. The cost per unit of energy released was also found to be the lowest for NiZn batteries. The current research pain points are the availability of data for nickel–zinc batteries, which are in the research and development phase, while other battery types are already widely used in energy storage. This paper recommends taking into account the location factor of infrastructures, cost of machinery, storage, number of suppliers of raw materials, amount of materials transported in each shipment, and the value of materials recovered after the battery recycling process to further reduce costs throughout the battery’s lifecycle. This LCC model can be also used for other energy storage technologies and serve as objective functions for optimization in further developments.

20

Ito, Yasumasa, Michael Nyce, Robert Plivelich, Martin Klein, and Sanjoy Banerjee. "Gas evolution in a flow-assisted zinc–nickel oxide battery." Journal of Power Sources 196, no. 15 (August 2011): 6583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.03.025.

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21

Arkhangel'skaya, Z. P., T. B. Kas'yan, and M. M. Loginova. "Influence of Zinc Intercalation on Processes in Nickel Oxide Electrode and on Service Life of Nickel-Zinc Battery." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 76, no. 10 (October 2003): 1606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rjac.0000015722.94441.92.

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22

Zhang, Ruizhi. "Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of New Batteries." MATEC Web of Conferences 386 (2023): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338603007.

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New batteries are the mainstream of battery development, and many industries cannot live without new batteries. Most of the new batteries do not pollute the environment and exceed traditional batteries in terms of energy efficiency and charge and discharge times. This paper mainly introduces solid battery, metal battery, sodium ion battery, lithium sulfur battery, fuel cell and nickel-metal hydride battery. In addition, the new battery is compared with the traditional batteries represented by lead-acid batteries, zinc-manganese batteries, zinc-air batteries, zinc-silver batteries, zinc-mercury batteries and Mg-manganese batteries, so as to analyze that the new battery has higher energy under the same volume, and the service life of the new battery is far longer than that of the traditional battery while charging and discharging more times. And in the production and use or waste treatment process will not produce a large number of heavy metals or harmful gases harmful to the human body or the environment, more friendly to the human body and the environment. However, the new battery also inevitably has many shortcomings, most of the new battery production and processing cost is high, raw material acquisition difficulty is high, waste utilization rate is low, manufacturing difficulty is high, the process flow line is complex, and so on, and in the study of the new battery in electric vehicles, aerospace, solar panels and daily life after the application of the new battery speculated that the future development prospects of the new battery is very broad. Although there are many problems with new batteries that can not be solved, the future will slowly replace the status of traditional batteries, and finally understand that new batteries will have a positive effect on the development of human beings.

23

Vahdattalab, Aydin, Ali Khani, and Sajad Pirsa. "Study Nickel recycling and leaching of metals from Eco-Friendly Nickel-metal hydride battery by response surface method." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 54, no. 2 (March 11, 2024): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2024.1235.

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In this research, nickel metal hydride batteries were designed in certain sizes and components. In order to evaluate the quality and quantity of the designed batteries, the metal mold was cut lengthwise from the inner layers of the battery. The active materials of the electrode used in this work were black powder and nickel alloy, which were manually separated from the batteries. Battery black powder was investigated by X-ray diffraction analyzes and the presence of nickel as the main constituent of black powder was confirmed. The results of atomic absorption showed that more than 99 % of the alloy were a nickel. In this study, black powder was leached with sulfuric acid. The influence of parameters such as temperature, sulfuric acid concentration and liquid to solid ratio (L/S) on nickel extraction in a discontinuous system at two-phase constant contact time were studied. According to the results, the parameters of sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, liquid to solid ratio and the interaction of acid concentration with itself were important in nickel extraction. Optimal leaching conditions included a temperature of 60 °C, an acid concentration of 1.42 mol/L and a liquid to solid ratio of 10 mL. Under optimal conditions, the leaching efficiency was 81.25%, which was better compared to the batteries with other models and brands. In the next step, the purification of the leaching solution was investigated by sodium carbonate and a combination of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide. The results of atomic absorption showed that more than 83% of cobalt, manganese and zinc were removed and more than 98% of nickel ions were recycled, which was better than commercial batteries of various brands. Because the return of cobalt, manganese and zinc to nature by other batteries is higher than the designed battery and the recycling percentage of nickel ions is lower, these results are very important in terms of environmental safety.

24

Zhang, Feng, Jinjin Ma, Hao Song, Luying He, Jingwei Zhang, and Enwei Wang. "In situ synthesis of layered nickel organophosphonates for efficient aqueous nickel-zinc battery cathodes." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 652 (December 2023): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.074.

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25

Opitz, Martin, and Seniz Sörgel. "Zinc Slurry Electrodes for Double Flow Zinc-Nickel Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024709mtgabs.

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Lithium-based systems are still the major storage technology especially in mobile applications like electromobility and consumer electronics. However, in the field of stationary energy storage devices, redox-flow batteries exhibit significant advantages because energy and power can be scaled independently and the device can be discharged up to 20 h, in contrast to lithium-ion batteries.[1] In the field of redox-flow batteries, the main focus is placed on vanadium-based systems. However, vanadium-based systems have some drawbacks due to the low gravimetric energy densities, the toxicity [2] and the high price of vanadium [3], as well as the short life span of the membrane separating the half-cells.[4] In our research project NiZi-Flow², a new concept of flow cells based on nickel and zinc is investigated, in which slurries of zinc and nickel-hydroxide particles are pumped through the flow battery, respectively. Our part in the project is the examination of the electrodeposition and dissolution of zinc under idealized conditions to obtain the influence of flow and current density parameters on the zinc surface morphology. To study the zinc half-cell, a stirred electrochemical cell was designed and cycling experiments with the zinc slurry were performed. M. Skyllas-Kazacos, M.H. Chakrabarti, S.A. Hajimolana, F.S. Mjalli, M. Saleem, J. Electrochem. Soc., 158 (2011) R55. A. Ciotola, M. Fuss, S. Colombo, W.-R. Poganietz, J. Energy Storage, 33 (2021) 102094. T. Nguyen, R.F. Savinell, Electrochem. Soc. Interface, 19 (2010) 54–56. A.Z. Weber, M.M. Mench, J.P. Meyers, P.N. Ross, J.T. Gostick, Q. Liu, J. Appl. Electrochem., 41 (2011) 1137–1164.

26

KURTULMUŞ, Zeyneb Nuriye, and Abdulhakim KARAKAYA. "Review of lithium-ion, fuel cell, sodium-beta, nickel-based and metal-air battery technologies used in electric vehicles." International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.1307361.

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Interest in electric vehicles (EV) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) is increasing day by day. These vehicles have many advantages as they operate more efficiently and do not cause noise or environmental pollution compared with conventional vehicles. However, it has some disadvantages. For some, it is the most important trust issue. An important criterion is that the daily vehicle cannot go to a sufficient range. Therefore, vehicle designs and applications continue to be made with high energy and power distribution, low performance, and high efficiency ESSs using two or more energy storage systems (ESS). In addition, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in EVs and HEVs. Although they have high power and energy estimations, their high duration, short freezing life or service life, and insufficient efficiency are the guides for executing different alternative solutions. The aim of this article is to create a different perspective by including unusual battery types and fuel consumption technology known as clean energy sources. The Zero Emlu Battery Research (ZEBRA) battery, which is seen as a future technology in EVs and HEVs in this article, features such as the operating principle of the nickel-based battery structure (Nickel-Cadmium, Nickel-Iron, Nickel-Zinc), operating temperature ranges, cycle lifetimes, and service lives. In addition to the lithium-air battery, which is a metal-air battery technology and is seen as a source of hope with its high energy densities in the future, it is also included. Comparisons between these batteries were made, and their applicability in HEVs and EVs was examined.

27

Zhang, Xiyue, Jinjun He, Lijun Zhou, Haozhe Zhang, Qiushi Wang, Binbin Huang, Xihong Lu, Yexiang Tong, and Chunsheng Wang. "Ni (II) Coordination Supramolecular Grids for Aqueous Nickel‐Zinc Battery Cathodes." Advanced Functional Materials 31, no. 23 (March 29, 2021): 2100443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202100443.

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28

Iwakura, Chiaki, Hiroki Murakami, Shinji Nohara, Naoji Furukawa, and Hiroshi Inoue. "Charge–discharge characteristics of nickel/zinc battery with polymer hydrogel electrolyte." Journal of Power Sources 152 (December 2005): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.175.

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29

Guo, Yang, Ziguang Lu, Chunning Song, and Jie Cheng. "A parameter estimation method for a zinc-nickel-single-flow battery." AIP Advances 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 025202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5131249.

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30

Tan, Zhiyong, Zhanhong Yang, Xia Ni, Hongyan Chen, and Runjuan Wen. "Effects of calcium lignosulfonate on the performance of zinc–nickel battery." Electrochimica Acta 85 (December 2012): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.111.

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31

Li, Yuanshun, Brian Washington, Gabriel Goenaga, and Thomas A. Zawodzinski. "Improve the Zinc Slurry-Air Battery Performance: New Operational Mode to Separate Effects." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022156mtgabs.

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In recent years, zinc air batteries received substantial interest as a viable next generation of batteries based on their merits of high energy densities, high performance, environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and abundant electrode material. Traditional secondary zinc air flow batteries use zinc metal as an anode. Severe dendrite growth and passivation limits the cycling behavior, which hinders commercialization in the industry. By substituting the zinc plate with a zinc slurry (zinc particles suspended in the alkaline media, typically with a high concentration of potassium hydroxide), the battery can in principle achieve higher energy density and attain more cycles but with very limited performance. Important questions related to such systems include the accessible percentage of Zn capacity, controlled by the formation of passivating layers on the particle and the intrinsic resistance of the slurry. Here, we present a new operational mode to investigate the performance of zinc slurry air battery. The anode of the test battery system consists of 5 cm2 nickel plate as current collector for 5 cm3 zinc slurry. The cathode consists of air electrode, bipolar plate, and current collector. Zinc particles (Spectrum) were suspended in 4M KOH stabilized by polyacrylic acid (PAA). In our testing, the polarization loss was measured and is separated from that associated with the air electrode using a reference electrode. The conductivity of the slurry was measured by the simply modified configuration of the cell. The utilization of zinc is measured by chronopotentiometry. The battery can work at 1.1 V with 200mA/cm2, and the slurry can achieve 48.7% utilization. Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the US Department of Energy Office of Electricity Storage Systems Program directed by Dr. Imre Gyuk and the University of Tennessee Governor’s Chair Fund for support of this work. Figure 1

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Chen, Shi, Yifeng Huang, Haoran Li, Fuxin Wang, Wei Xu, Dezhou Zheng, and Xihong Lu. "One-Pot Synthesis of NiSe2 with Layered Structure for Nickel-Zinc Battery." Molecules 28, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031098.

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Transition metal organic framework materials and their selenides are considered to be one of the most promising cathode materials for nickel-zinc (denoted as Ni-Zn) batteries due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and controllable microstructure. Yet, their low capacity and poor cycling performance severely restricts their further development. Herein, we developed a simple one-pot hydrothermal process to directly synthesize NiSe2 (denotes as NiSe2-X based on the molar amount of SeO2 added) stacked layered sheets. Benefiting from the peculiar architectures, the fabricated NiSe2−1//Zn battery based on NiSe2 and the Zn plate exhibits a high specific capacity of 231.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1, and excellent rate performance (162.8 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1). In addition, the NiSe2//Zn battery also presents a satisfactory cycle life at the high current density of 8 A g−1 (almost no decay compared to the initial specific capacity after 1000 cycles). Additionally, the battery device also exhibits a satisfactory energy density of 343.2 Wh kg−1 and a peak power density of 11.7 kW kg−1. This work provides a simple attempt to design a high-performance layered cathode material for aqueous Ni-Zn batteries.

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Hu, Hang, Anqiang He, Douglas Ivey, Drew Aasen, Sheida Arfania, and Shantanu Shukla. "Failure Analysis of Nickel-Coated Anodes in Zinc-Air Hybrid Flow Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01126mtgabs.

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A zinc-air flow battery system pumps "fuel” (a zinc particle/KOH slurry) from a fuel tank to a fuel cell stack, where the zinc particles are combined with oxygen from the air to form zincate ions and produce electricity. The zincate-rich electrolyte is then returned to the fuel tank. During the charging cycle, the electrolyte is passed to the zinc regenerator, where electricity (from renewable sources such as solar or wind) is utilized to convert the zincate ions to zinc particles. The regenerated fuel is pumped back into the fuel tank for the discharge process. Nickel is considered for use as the anode during zinc regeneration as it has been shown to be an active catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, nickel electrodes pose manufacturing challenges due to machinability issues. Alternatively, nickel can be coated on a machinable metal substrate to improve scalability. These electrodes are subjected to open circuit voltage (OCV), OER, and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during operation of zinc-air flow batteries. The electrodes have been observed to fail during prolonged voltage cycling due to nickel coating delamination, which manifests itself as blistering, flaking, and discoloration. It is hypothesized that this may be due to electrolyte penetration into the pores of the nickel coating during operation. The present work is aimed at analyzing and mitigating the coating delamination process through characterization of various Ni coating recipes. As-fabricated and cycled electrodes are characterized using various microstructural techniques, including optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and x-ray tomography. Coated electrodes are also evaluated electrochemically and the results are correlated with the microstructural analysis. The overall goal of the work is to understand the failure mechanisms and apply the knowledge to fabricate improved coatings for OER electrodes.

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Shan, Shuhua, Mihir N. Parekh, Rong Kou, Donghai Wang, and Christopher D. Rahn. "Increasing the Cycle Life of Zinc Metal Anodes and Nickel-Zinc Cells Using Flow-Through Alkaline Electrolytes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, no. 3 (March 5, 2024): 032503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad2cc2.

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Alkaline electrolyte flow through porous Zn anodes and Ni(OH)2 cathodes can overcome diffusion limits, reduce dendrite growth, and improve cycle life. Zinc deposition morphology improves with low flow rates electrolyte in KOH/ZnO electrolytes at current densities near the diffusion-limit regime. Zinc dendrites present without flow are suppressed by micrometer-per-second flow at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 M ZnO dissolved in 6 M and 10 M KOH solutions. Zn-Cu asymmetric cell tests reveal that flowing electrolyte increases the lifespan by more than 6 times in the diffusion-limit regime by suppressing gas evolution and dendrite formation. Ni-Zn cell tests show that a flow-assisted battery cycles 1500 times with over 95% Coulombic efficiency (CE) at 35 mA cm−2 current density and 7 mAh/cm2 charge capacity, increasing the battery lifespan by 17 times compared with a stagnant Ni-Zn cell. Flow-through electrolyte also stabilizes the Zn electrode in the over-limiting regime, achieving approximately 4 times increased lifespan and 297 cycles with over 90% CE at 52 mA cm−2.

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Cheng, Yuanhui, Xiaoli Xi, Dan Li, Xianfeng Li, Qinzhi Lai, and Huamin Zhang. "Performance and potential problems of high power density zinc–nickel single flow batteries." RSC Advances 5, no. 3 (2015): 1772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12812e.

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Huang, Xinyu, Shouguang Yao, Xiaohu Yang, Xiaofei Sun, Rui Zhou, Xinzi Liu, and Jie Cheng. "Polarization analysis and optimization of negative electrode nickel foam structure of zinc-nickel single-flow battery." Journal of Energy Storage 55 (November 2022): 105624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105624.

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Yuan, Liang, Jiancheng Xu, Zhanhong Yang, Qingsong Su, and Jianyi Li. "Zinc oxide anode modified with zeolite imidazole structure achieve stable circulation for zinc–nickel secondary battery." Journal of Power Sources 517 (January 2022): 230696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230696.

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Ding, Junwei, Huaiyang Zheng, Hongge Gao, Shiwen Wang, Shide Wu, Shaoming Fang, and Fangyi Cheng. "Operando non-topological conversion constructing the high-performance nickel-zinc battery anode." Chemical Engineering Journal 414 (June 2021): 128716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.128716.

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Yao, Shouguang, Peng Liao, Min Xiao, Jie Cheng, and Wenwen Cai. "Study on Electrode Potential of Zinc Nickel Single-Flow Battery during Charge." Energies 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2017): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10081101.

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Yao, Shouguang, Peng Liao, Min Xiao, Jie Cheng, and Ke He. "Equivalent circuit modeling and simulation of the zinc nickel single flow battery." AIP Advances 7, no. 5 (May 2017): 055112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4977968.

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Xiao, Min, Peng Liao, Shouguang Yao, Jie Cheng, and Wenwen Cai. "Experimental study on charge/discharge characteristics of zinc-nickel single-flow battery." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 9, no. 5 (September 2017): 054102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4994222.

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Yang, Shuai, Maolin Bo, Cheng Peng, Yandong Li, and Yang Li. "Three-electrode flexible zinc-nickel battery with black phosphorus modified polymer electrolyte." Materials Letters 233 (December 2018): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.08.104.

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Yao, Shouguang, Yunhui Zhao, Xiaofei Sun, Qian Zhao, and Jie Cheng. "A dynamic model for discharge research of zinc-nickel single flow battery." Electrochimica Acta 307 (June 2019): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.128.

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Arkhangel'skaya, Z. P., M. M. Loginova, T. B. Kas'yan, and D. A. Vinogradova. "Gas Evolution and Absorption in a Sealed Nickel-Zinc Battery with Nickel Oxide Electrode Fabricated from Spherical Nickel Hydroxide." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 77, no. 1 (January 2004): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rjac.0000024578.28495.4e.

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Ayetor, Godwin K., Emmanuel Duodu, and John Abban. "Effects of Energy Storage Systems on Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 1, no. 5 (March 12, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v1i5.39.

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Three energy storage systems, namely Nickel Zinc, Nickel Metal Hydride and Lithium ion batteries were simulated on ADVISOR (Advanced vehicle simulator) to determine their impact on fuel economy. ADVISOR, a drivetrain analysis tool developed in MATLAB/Simulink for comparing fuel economy and emissions performance and designed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory by Ford, GM, and Chrysler was used for the simulations. In choosing the batteries for simulations, only the latest technological advanced batteries of NiZn, Li ion and NiMH were used. The results showed that NiZn battery influence in fuel economy and system efficiency far exceeds the other batteries especially for the combined Powertrain. While a lithium ion battery is seen to be well suited for Parallel and Series powertrains at higher speeds, average values for all drive cycle singles out NiZn as a better performing battery. NiMH showed the worst performance. This confirms NiMH, which is the predominant energy storage system today in the HEV industry, is deficient in advancing the growth of HEV’s.Keywords: power trains; hybrid energy storage; hybrid electric vehicle; combined hybrid; parallel hybrid

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Heydorn, Raymond Leopold, Jana Niebusch, David Lammers, Marion Görke, Georg Garnweitner, Katrin Dohnt, and Rainer Krull. "Production and Characterization of Bacterial Cellulose Separators for Nickel-Zinc Batteries." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 6, 2022): 5727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155727.

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The need for energy-storing technologies with lower environmental impact than Li-ion batteries but similar power metrics has revived research in Zn-based battery chemistries. The application of bio-based materials as a replacement for current components can additionally contribute to an improved sustainability of Zn battery systems. For that reason, bacterial cellulose (BC) was investigated as separator material in Ni-Zn batteries. Following the biotechnological production of BC, the biopolymer was purified, and differently shaped separators were generated while surveying the alterations of its crystalline structure via X-ray diffraction measurements during the whole manufacturing process. A decrease in crystallinity and a partial change of the BC crystal allomorph type Iα to II was determined upon soaking in electrolyte. Electrolyte uptake was found to be accompanied by dimensional shrinkage and swelling, which was associated with partial decrystallization and hydration of the amorphous content. The separator selectivity for hydroxide and zincate ions was higher for BC-based separators compared to commercial glass-fiber (GF) or polyolefin separators as estimated from the obtained diffusion coefficients. Electrochemical cycling showed good C-rate capability of cells based on BC and GF separators, whereas cell aging was pronounced in both cases due to Zn migration and anode passivation. Lower electrolyte retention was concluded as major reason for faster capacity fading due to zincate supersaturation within the BC separator. However, combining a dense BC separator with low zincate permeability with a porous one as electrolyte reservoir reduced ZnO accumulation within the separator and improved cycling stability, hence showing potentials for separator adjustment.

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Roberts, Edward, Mohammad Rahimi, Asghar Molaei Dehkordi, Fatemeh ShakeriHosseinabad, Maedeh Pahlevaninezhad, and Ashutosh Kumar Singh. "(Invited) Redox Flow Battery Innovation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 3 (July 7, 2022): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-013483mtgabs.

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Flow battery innovations should offer significant improvements in performance, without compromising the durability / lifetime, and be cost-effective and scalable. The presentation will review some of the progress that has been made to enhance flow battery performance, and will discuss a number of recent innovations that aim to deliver these characteristics. These will include: Magnetic flowable electrodes applied in a polysulfide-iodide flow battery. Using flow through the current feeder to enhance mass transport and enable dendrite free zinc deposition in the zinc-iodide flow battery. Graphene modified membrane for enhanced power density. Flowable electrodes have emerged as a novel concept for high energy density batteries. To date, in most cases the flowable solid phase includes a redox active energy storage material, for example in zinc-nickel, sodium-sulfur, and lithium-sulfur systems [1-3]. In contrast, we have demonstrated the use of a carbon – magnetite nanocomposite which acts as an electrocatalyst but is not redox active [4,5]. This nanomaterial can be dispersed in the electrolyte and circulated through the battery to enhance the performance of a conventional static electrode. The magnetic characteristics of the nanocomposite can also be exploited, by using a magnetic field to assemble a high surface area electrode comprising a percolating network of the nanomaterial on the current feeder. The electrode also can be removed by releasing the magnetic field at the current feeder, and after being washed out of the cell the nanocomposite can be separated in a magnetic field. This enables replacement of the active electrode without the need to dismantle the cell. Zinc-iodide flow batteries offer high energy density due to the high aqueous solubility of the ZnI2. However, the power density that can be achieved is limited by potential for the dendritic growth of zinc deposits, and as zinc metal builds up in the cell the areal capacity is limited. We have found that by drawing some of the electrolyte through the current feeder, improved performance can be obtained [6]. This enables operation at higher power density and the denser uniform deposit should enable increased areal capacity. We attempted to reduce crossover in the all-vanadium redox flow battery by using a graphene modified nafion membrane. However, we found that the addition of the graphene reduced the losses in the battery and enabling a significant increase in the power density and discharge capacity. Currently we are working to optimize and scale up the membrane modification process, and to explore the mechanism of performance enhancement. References G. Zhu et al. (2020) High-energy and high-power Zn–Ni flow batteries with semi-solid electrodes. Sustainable Energy Fuels, 4, 4076-4085. Yang et al. (2018) Sodium–Sulfur Flow Battery for Low-Cost Electrical Storage. Advanced Energy Materials, 11, 1711991. Suo et al. (2015) Carbon cage encapsulating nano-cluster Li2S by ionic liquid polymerization and pyrolysis for high performance Li–S batteries. Nano Energy, 13, 467-473. Rahimi, A.M. Dehkordi, E.P.L. Roberts (2021) Magnetic nanofluidic electrolyte for enhancing the performance of polysulfide/iodide redox flow batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 309, 137687. Rahimi, A.M. Dehkordi, H. Gharibi, E.P.L. Roberts (2021) Novel Magnetic Flowable Electrode for Redox Flow Batteries: A Polysulfide/Iodide Case Study. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 60, 824-841. F. ShakeriHosseinabad et al. (2021) Influence of Flow Field Design on Zinc Deposition and Performance in a Zinc-Iodide Flow Battery. ACS Applied Mat. & Interfa

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Arkhangel'skaya, Z. P., T. B. Kas'yan, M. M. Loginova, and L. B. Raikhel'son. "Influence of Cobalt Intercalation on Processes in a Nickel-Zinc Battery with Nickel Oxide Electrode Fabricated from Spherical Nickel Hydroxide." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 76, no. 12 (December 2003): 1930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:rjac.0000022441.03965.53.

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Mahmoud, Safe ELdeen M. E., Yehia M. Youssef, I. Hassan, and Shaaban A. Nosier. "A Newly Designed Fixed Bed Redox Flow Battery Based on Zinc/Nickel System." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2017.8.3.236.

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Yao, Shouguang, Rui Zhou, Xinyu Huang, Dun Liu, and Jie Cheng. "Three-dimensional transient model of zinc-nickel single flow battery considering side reactions." Electrochimica Acta 374 (April 2021): 137895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137895.

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