Academic literature on the topic 'Nickel sulfide New Zealand'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nickel sulfide New Zealand"
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Zhang, Ya Hui, and Qing Wang. "The New Progress of Nickel Sulfide Synthesis." Advanced Materials Research 366 (October 2011): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.366.318.
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Nickel sulfide has been the subject of considerable interest because of its potential applications in many fields. In this paper, the synthesis of nickel sulfide nanostructures is described. The Morphologies of as prepared nickel sulfide nanostructures are summarized. And the applications and prospects of nickel sulfide in this field also are analyzed.
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Barnes, Lachlan, Katrina Hall, Craig Blount, Madelaine Hooper, David van Senden, Andrew Costen, Chris Scraggs, David Provis, and Daniel Pygas. "Monitoring marine effects of produced formation water discharge in Bass Strait." APPEA Journal 59, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18226.
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Esso Australia Pty Ltd (Esso), in a joint venture with BHP Petroleum Pty Ltd, operates 23 oil and gas production platforms and subsea facilities off the Victorian coast near Gippsland, Australia. The underlying reservoirs have multi-darcy sands and a strong aquifer water drive, so in addition to oil and gas, the extraction activities result in substantial amounts of produced formation water (PFW). Following on-platform treatment, PFW containing a variety of hydrocarbons, ions and inorganics, such as calcium, ammonia, sulfate and trace metals, is discharged into the receiving environment. This paper reports on a study undertaken to investigate the potential effects of PFW discharges from two platforms (Tuna (TNA) and West Kingfish (WKF)) on the receiving environment. Four complementary sampling approaches were used to address the objectives of the study: (1) measure and estimate the dilution of Rhodamine FWT dye solution in the receiving environment following injection into the PFW discharge line, (2) collect and analyse undiluted PFW samples before discharge, (3) collect and analyse marine water samples from within the discharge plume and (4) collect and analyse sediment and benthic infauna samples at various distances away from platforms and at reference locations. Results indicate the rate of PFW dilution within the receiving environment is more rapid than predicted by existing numerical models and that the concentration of all analytes present in PFW were below Australian and New Zealand Environment Conservation Council (ANZECC) 2000 guideline trigger values for 80% protection; moreover, with one exception, analytes were not detected above background levels more than 59 m from the platform. With the exception of a few samples containing metals, specifically arsenic, copper, lead, zinc and nickel, concentrations of analytes in the majority of sediment samples collected were below the ANZECC 2000 and revised 2013 sediment quality guidelines. A diverse range of benthic infauna were sampled, with the abundance of a limited number of taxa influenced by distance from individual platforms. No substantial differences in abundances of benthic infauna were detected at distances greater than 1.3 km from TNA and 1.0 km from WKF, compared with reference locations. These results indicate that PFW discharges from TNA and WKF likely represent a low risk to the receiving environment.
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Bates, Michael N., Ian L. Bailey, Robert B. DiMartino, Karl Pope, Julian Crane, and Nick Garrett. "Lens Opacity and Hydrogen Sulfide in a New Zealand Geothermal Area." Optometry and Vision Science 94, no. 4 (April 2017): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0000000000001049.
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Yan, Caihong, Enshan Han, Yanzhen He, and Shun Lu. "Vanadium Doped Nickel Sulfide@ Nickel Foam Electrode for Hybrid Supercapacitors." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (October 9, 2022): 2570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272570mtgabs.
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Abstract With the depletion of energy sources, people are gradually deepening the development of new energy sources. However, energy storage devices are limiting the pace of the development of new energy sources.[1] Considering the potential of supercapacitors as a supplement or alternative to rechargeable batteries for fast energy harvesting and high power transfer has become a research focus recently. Hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) can bridge the gap between supercapacitors and batteries. It is well known that the main components of HSC devices are anode and cathode. The anode mainly provides high electrochemical performance, while the cathode can supply a wide potential window and good stability.[2] The energy density calculation equation (E = 0.5 CV2 ) is known and deduced that can control the energy density of HSC by the operating voltage window (V) and specific capacitance (C). Obviously, constructing anode materials with high capacitance is one of the effective ways to achieve the high energy density of HSC. In addition, previous experimental results show that reasonable ion doping is beneficial to change the electronic structure of electrode materials and improving the energy storage performance of electrode materials.[3-5] One of the elements with more than one oxidation state can form two (or more) ions of different valence states under the action of a reducing agent, which will be called mixed-valence ions. Boosting the specific capacitance of the electrode, ions with mixed-valence states have higher charge storage capacity and more abundant redox reactions than most other transition metal ions. In this regard, vanadium has various stable oxidation states (+ 2, + 3, + 4, and + 5). In particular, its high oxidation states (+ 4 and + 5) can store charge in the positive potential range, thus providing a favorable pseudo-capacitance. Here, we chose Ni3S2 with high theoretical capacitance and prepared vanadium-doped nickel sulfide (V-Ni3S2, denoted as VNS) anode electrodes using vanadium ions as dopant ions (Figure 1). Using nickel foam as the nickel source, prepared the VNS electrode by a one-step hydrothermal method. Since the electrode is grown in situ on the surface of nickel foam, the electrode material can be employed as an electrode sheet directly after preparation without further fabrication. Figure 1. Schematic diagram of synthesis process of VNS electrode, and Electrochemical storage performance: (a) CV curves of the VNS and NS electrodes at 2 mV s-1 scan rate, (b) GCD curves of the VNS and NS electrodes at 1 A g-1, (c) GCD curves of VNS with different V doping amounts at 1 A g-1, (d) The Ragone plots, (e) Self-discharge of NS//AC device and VNS//AC device for five hours, and (f) Cycle performance of the VNS//AC hybrid supercapacitor with a voltage of 1.6 V at a current density of 2 A g-1. [6] The most direct effect of avoiding the use of binder and thus increasing the conductivity is that the specific capacitance of the prepared VNS electrodes is further enhanced (2072 F g− 1 at 1 A g− 1). In addition, the structure of the surface of the prepared VNS electrode material is nanoflower morphology. Integrating two-dimensional nanosheets into three-dimensional nanoflower morphologies increases the number of active sites while improving the structural stability (capacitance retention of 86.4% after 10,000 cycles, Figure 1a-f). Finally, using the VNS and activated carbon electrodes as anode and cathode to assemble the VNS//AC hybrid supercapacitors delivers an excellent energy density of 81.33 Wh kg− 1 at a power density of 160 W kg− 1. This simple preparation method and significantly enhanced performance of the electrode materials have far-reaching potential for application in HSC devices. References [1] C. Li et al. MOF-derived NiZnCo-P nano-array for asymmetric supercapacitor, Chem. Eng. J. 446 (2022) 137108. [2] K. Tao et al. Epitaxial grown self-supporting NiSe/Ni3S2/Ni12P5 vertical nanofiber arrays on Ni foam for high performance supercapacitor: Matched exposed facets and re-distribution of electron density, Nano Energy, 55 (2019) 65-81. [3] G. Li et al. One-pot synthesis of Cu-doped Ni3S2 nano-sheet/rod nanoarray for high performance supercapacitors, Chem. Eng. J. 388 (2020) 124319. [4] Y. Ruan et al. Al-doped β-NiS Mesoporous Nanoflowers for Hybrid-type Electrodes toward Enhanced Electrochemical Performance, Electrochim. Acta, 236 (2017) 307-318. [5] Y. Cheng et al. A novel electrode for supercapacitors: Spicules-like Ni3S2 shell grown on molybdenum nanoparticles doped nickel foam, Appl. Surf. Sci. 467-468 (2019) 1113-1121. [6] C. Yan et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of vanadium doped nickel sulfide nanoflower for high-performance supercapacitor, J. Alloy. Compd. (2022) 167189. Figure 1
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Kotok, Valerii, Vadym Kovalenko, Rovil Nafeev, and Olena Melnyk. "Investigation of the characteristics of sulfurized electrochromic Ni(OH)2-PVA films deposited on transparent substrates." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 1, no. 6(115) (February 28, 2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.252634.
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Obtaining new types of composite coatings for various purposes is the most important direction in chemistry. The synthesis of composite hydroxide-sulfide compounds can be useful in various areas of applied electrochemistry. Using a simple two-step method, thin films composed of nickel hydroxide sulfide-polyvinyl alcohol were formed. The production of nickel hydroxide sulfide-polyvinyl alcohol composite was carried out by holding the nickel hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating formed on the glass electrode with an electrically conductive substrate in a solution of 0.03 M Na2S for 10 minutes. The formation of nickel sulfide on the surface of nickel hydroxide was shown indirectly. It was shown that there were no changes in morphology after the treatment of the electrode in sodium sulfide solution. As a result of the treatment, the electrochemical and electrochromic characteristics changed. There was some deterioration in the average coloration depth from 55 % to 49 % for the electrode containing nickel sulfide. The electrochemical characteristics also deteriorated slightly after the formation of the sulfide film, namely, the specific capacitance, which went to the passage of anodic and cathodic processes. However, the capacitance efficiency increased from 83 % to 87 % for the sulfide-treated film. Despite this, this simple method is considered to be potentially promising for the formation of electrodes for use in other electrochemical devices. In addition, due to the treatment in a sodium sulfide solution, it became possible to roughly determine the size of the nickel hydroxide clusters in the nickel hydroxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coating. These clusters did not exceed 430 nm in size, which was almost equal to the lower limit of the wavelength of the visible spectrum.
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Sathiyaraj, E., S. Thirumaran, Samuele Ciattini, and S. Selvanayagam. "Synthesis and characterization of Ni(II) complexes with functionalized dithiocarbamates: New single source precursors for nickel sulfide and nickel-iron sulfide nanoparticles." Inorganica Chimica Acta 498 (December 2019): 119162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ica.2019.119162.
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Manin, Iaroslav. "New Zealand Subsoil Using Legal Regime." NB: Административное право и практика администрирования, no. 4 (April 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2306-9945.2022.4.38661.
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The object of the study is the relations of subsurface use in New Zealand, the subject is the legal regulation of the exploitation of New Zealand natural resources contained in the subsurface and on the seabed - in sulfide fields. The author examines in detail the state mechanism of environmental management, paying special attention to the role of local authorities and the indigenous Maori population in the procedure for granting the right to use mineral deposits, as well as the specifics of the search and production of hydrocarbons on the continental shelf, the legal regime of Antarctica, New Zealand subantarctic territories and water areas. The article examines the institution of ownership of land and subsoil, the permissive procedure for the use of natural objects. The relevance of the work is due to its practical significance and reflects domestic economic interests in Oceania. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the originality of the work containing fundamentally new information on the subject of research - the only one in Russia and one of the few published scientific works on New Zealand natural resource law in the world. The publication analyzes the laws in the current year's edition, it can be used for comparative jurisprudence, in the legislative process, for educational, scientific and other purposes, the article contains conclusions on the text and at the end of the study. The conclusion about the sovereignty of the British Crown over the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of New Zealand, the proclamation of the New Zealand sovereign as the owner of the natural resources of the relevant waters, contrary to the norms of international maritime law, is important for ensuring peace and global security. The experience of municipal and parliamentary control, specialized environmental justice of New Zealand can be used by the Russian Federation.
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Pitcairn, I. K., G. R. Olivo, D. A. H. Teagle, and D. Craw. "SULFIDE EVOLUTION DURING PROGRADE METAMORPHISM OF THE OTAGO AND ALPINE SCHISTS, NEW ZEALAND." Canadian Mineralogist 48, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 1267–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.48.5.1267.
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Serdyukov, S. I., M. I. Kniazeva, I. A. Sizova, Y. V. Zubavichus, P. V. Dorovatovskii, and A. L. Maximov. "A new precursor for synthesis of nickel-tungsten sulfide aromatic hydrogenation catalyst." Molecular Catalysis 502 (February 2021): 111357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111357.
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Chemyshev, N. M. "A NEW TYPE OF NICKEL SULFIDE MINERALIZATION IN THE VORONEZH CRYSTALLINE MASSIF." International Geology Review 27, no. 7 (July 1985): 859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206818509466472.
Full textBooks on the topic "Nickel sulfide New Zealand"
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Vanmai, Jean. Jean Vanmai’s Chân Đăng The Tonkinese of Caledonia in the colonial era. Translated by Tess Do and Kathryn Lay-Chenchabi. University of Technology, Sydney, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/aai.
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Jean Vanmai’s Chân Đăng The Tonkinese of Caledonia in the colonial era is a rare insider’s account of the life experiences of Chân Đăng, the Vietnamese indentured workers who were brought from Tonkin to work in the New Caledonian nickel mines in the 1930s and 1940s, when both Indochina and New Caledonia were French colonies. Narrated from the unique perspective of a descendant of Chân Đăng, the novel offers a deep understanding of how Vietnamese migration, shaped by French colonialism and the indenture system, led to the implantation of the Vietnamese community in New Caledonia, in spite of the massive repatriation of the workers and their families to Vietnam in the 1960s. Through his writing which blends his own family story with the rich oral testimonies of his compatriots, Jean Vanmai, a passionate advocate for the recognition of the part played by the Chân Đăng in the New Caledonian national history, has succeeded in giving these often faceless and powerless ‘coolies’ a strong collective voice. The translation into English of that voice was long overdue. Only accessible until now to French speakers, this English version opens up the exceptional account of the personal and emotional complexities of the Chân Đăng’s experience to a global readership. The English version not only advances knowledge of the history of indentured labour and colonialism in the Asia-Pacific, thus offering Anglophone historians and interested readers a new understanding of the processes through which histories and memories travel and translate across national, oceanic, and linguistic borders, it also constitutes an invaluable historical resource for Anglophone Vietnamese diasporic communities. One of the significant revisions in this English version is the restitution of the diacritical marks to all the Vietnamese names in the novel. Rather than a simple correction of the printing of Vietnamese diacritics which was unavailable at the time of publication of the origin text, it lends greater authenticity to the story for the Anglophone reader and symbolically restores their full identity to the Chân Đăng protagonists, who had become mere matriculation numbers under the colonial indenture system. The critical introduction by Tess Do and Kathryn Lay-Chenchabi is a richly documented text that contextualizes the novel for the Anglophone reader. The photographs and official documents, carefully selected from a wealth of sources, including the National Archives of both New Caledonia and New Zealand, the private community collections and Jean Vanmai’s family photo albums, all contribute to an illuminating and informative visual overview of the Chân Đăng’s working and living conditions in New Caledonia. This emotive illustration of the past also functions as an important reference for the common future shared by all Caledonians, in that it conveys to the reader the long-lasting imprint left by the Vietnamese community on New Caledonia’s economic and cultural scene since the Chân Đăng first migrated to this country more than two centuries ago.
Book chapters on the topic "Nickel sulfide New Zealand"
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Tirschmann, P. A., C. S. MacDougall, and G. R. Katchen. "Exploration, Discovery, and Geology of the Ntaka Hill Nickel Sulfide DepositsA Potential New Proterozoic Nickel District in the Nachingwea Area, Mozambique Belt, Tanzania." In The Challenge of Finding New Mineral ResourcesGlobal Metallogeny, Innovative Exploration, and New Discoveries. Society of Economic Geologists, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.15.2.08.
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Huirache-Acuña, Rafael, Gabriel Alonso-Nuñez, Eric M. Rivera-Muñoz, Omar Gutierrez, and Barbara Pawelec. "Trimetallic Sulfide Catalysts for Hydrodesulfurization." In Applying Nanotechnology to the Desulfurization Process in Petroleum Engineering, 240–62. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9545-0.ch008.
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The more stringent environmental regulations enacted throughout the world have increased the need of more active hydrotreating (HDT) catalysts, in the petroleum refining industry. Usually, the catalysts used for diesel oil hydrotreatment are ?-Al2O3 supported molybdenum or tungsten sulfides promoted with cobalt or nickel. Current strategies for the design of novel HDS catalysts often include variations in the support formulation, catalyst preparation method and active phase formulation. In this sense, the new generations of catalysts, such as NEBULA®, are based on a totally different concept of bulk-like. In this chapter, we present recent research related to the synthesis, characterization and performance of trimetallic sulfide nanocatalysts for hydrodesulfurization. The present chapter analyses the state of art of the ternary sulfide hydrotreating catalysts.
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Simmons, Stuart F., Benjamin M. Tutolo, Shaun L. L. Barker, Richard J. Goldfarb, and François Robert. "Chapter 38: Hydrothermal Gold Deposition in Epithermal, Carlin, and Orogenic Deposits." In Geology of the World’s Major Gold Deposits and Provinces, 823–45. Society of Economic Geologists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/sp.23.38.
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Abstract Epithermal, Carlin, and orogenic Au deposits form in diverse geologic settings and over a wide range of depths, where Au precipitates from hydrothermal fluids in response to various physical and chemical processes. The compositions of Au-bearing sulfidic hydrothermal solutions across all three deposit types, however, are broadly similar. In most cases, they comprise low-salinity waters, which are reduced, have a near-neutral pH, and CO2 concentrations that range from <4 to >10 wt %. Experimental studies show that the main factor controlling the concentration of Au in hydrothermal solutions is the concentration of reduced S, and in the absence of Fe-bearing minerals, Au solubility is insensitive to temperature. In a solution containing ~300 ppm H2S, the maximum concentration of Au is ~1 ppm, representing a reasonable upper limit for many ore-forming solutions. Where Fe-bearing minerals are being converted to pyrite, Au solubility decreases as temperature cools due to the decreasing concentration of reduced S. High Au concentrations (~500 ppb) can also be achieved in strongly oxidizing and strongly acidic chloride solutions, reflecting chemical conditions that only develop during intense hydrolytic leaching in magmatic-hydrothermal high-sulfidation epithermal environments. Gold is also soluble at low to moderate levels (10–100 ppb) over a relatively wide range of pH values and redox states. The chemical mechanisms which induce Au deposition are divided into two broad groups. One involves achieving states of Au supersaturation through perturbations in solution equilibria caused by physical and chemical processes, involving phase separation (boiling), fluid mixing, and pyrite deposition via sulfidation of Fe-bearing minerals. The second involves the sorption of ionic Au on to the surfaces of growing sulfide crystals, mainly arsenian pyrite. Both groups of mechanisms have capability to produce ore, with distinct mineralogical and geochemical characteristics. Gold transport and deposition processes in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, show how ore-grade concentrations of Au can accumulate by two different mechanisms of precipitation, phase separation and sorption, in three separate hydrothermal environments. Phase separation caused by flashing, induced by depressurization and associated with energetic fluid flow in geothermal wells, produces sulfide precipitates containing up to 6 wt.% Au from a hydrothermal solution containing a few ppb Au. Sorption on to As-Sb-S colloids produces precipitates containing tens to hundreds of ppm Au in the Champagne Pool hot spring. Sorption on to As-rich pyrite also leads to anomalous endowments of Au of up to 1 ppm in hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks occurring in the subsurface. In all of these environments, Au-undersaturated solutions produce anomalous concentrations of Au that match and surpass typical ore-grade concentrations, indicating that near-saturated concentrations of dissolved metal are not a prerequisite for generating economic deposits of Au. The causes of Au deposition in epithermal deposits are related to sharp temperature-pressure gradients that induce phase separation (boiling) and mixing. In Carlin deposits, Au deposition is controlled by surface chemistry and sorption processes on to rims of As-rich pyrite. In orogenic deposits, at least two Au-depositing mechanisms appear to produce ore; one involves phase separation and the other involves sulfidation reactions during water-rock interaction that produces pyrite; a third mechanism involving codeposition of Au-As in sulfides might also be important. Differences in the regimes of hydrothermal fluid flow combined with mechanisms of Au precipitation play an important role in shaping the dimensions and geometries of ore zones. There is also a strong link between Au-depositing mechanisms and metallurgical characteristics of ores.
Conference papers on the topic "Nickel sulfide New Zealand"
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Smith, Evan M., Fabrizio Nestola, Leonardo Pasqualetto, Federico Zorzi, Luciano Secco, and Wuyi Wang. "THE NEW NICKEL SULFIDE MINERAL CROWNINGSHIELDITE FOUND WITHIN A SUPERDEEP DIAMOND FROM LETSENG." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-339043.
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Шмакова, Александра. "Сharacterization of copper-nickel mineralization of metagabbroids (North Timan)." In Mineralogical and technological appraisal of new types of mineral products. Petrozavodsk: Karelian Research Center of RAS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17076/tm13_10.
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The article discusses the comparison of the mineralogical and technological properties of minerals and the whole copper-nickel ore manifestations of the "Blizhneye" and "Dal'neye" Bugrovskaya area. According to the results of the study, rock-forming and secondary minerals of ore-bearing rocks were established. Characterized sulfide minerals and their associations. In general, the complexity of ores, including precious metal mineralization, was noted. According to the obtained mineralogical data, possible methods of ore enrichment are predicted.
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Cavassi, Paolo, Vittorio Chiodini, Stefano Franci, and Lucia Torri. "Challenges in O&G Material Selection: Experiences and Case Histories." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200077-ms.
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Abstract The paper gives an overview of recent issues in Oil & Gas material selection, as resistance to high levels of H2S, and quality control during production of Carbon Steel and Clad pipes for pipelines, with reference to real cases. Each topic under discussion is first described showing the relevant issues in terms of materials available on the market, failure mechanisms and possible consequences during the service life. Then the challenges are analyzed by mean of a brief review based on the main and most recent corrosion related conferences. Then, making reference to case histories taken from recent offshore development projects, the Company experience is described, highlighting the technical solutions taken and the main results obtained. The first challenge discussed is the corrosion resistance of pipeline materials for transportation of fluids with high levels of H2S. The carbon steel pipes used for large diameters pipes are commonly manufactured with the TMCP, Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process method. In severe sour service applications they showed to be susceptible to SSC, Sulfide Stress Cracking, due to hard zones that can originate at surface during pipe manufacturing. New non-destructive tests have been developed for the detection of hard zones during pipe production. Besides, SSC tests have been performed on API 5L X52 and X60 pipes samples at H2S partial pressure higher than 10 bar, which gave surprising results. Clad and lined pipes represent alternative materials to TMCP carbon steel, but they are expensive and only few manufacturers are available, with consequence in terms of long delivery time. Furthermore, these materials are not immune to technical problems, as the precipitation of intermetallic phases in the nickel alloy layer during heat treatment. The paper describes the Company experience made in offshore projects where both TMCP carbon steel and clad pipes have been used for pipelines and buckle arrestors. The corrosion and cracking problems described in the paper are relatively new, as well as the technical solutions adopted. New field experience represents additive information to existing literature.
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Morgan, Charles L. "The Status of Marine Mining Worldwide." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80048.
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Metals are fundamental components of modern society worldwide, and, despite the current economic downturn, we know we will be faced with ever increasing demands and ever-shrinking supplies. Efforts to achieve sustainable supplies of minerals must include efforts to expand the supply. About 60% of the ocean surface consists of the ocean floor, so it is reasonable to expect that deep ocean minerals could contribute significantly to the world supply. Human efforts to recover minerals have thus far concentrated almost exclusively on land-based resources, so it is reasonable to postulate that marine minerals might offer better prospects for future mineral supplies than land prospects. Currently, we know of at least six separate categories of marine minerals: 1. Aggegrate sand and gravel deposits; 2. Placer deposits of relatively high value minerals (gold, diamonds, tin, etc) hosted in aggegrates; 3. Biogenically derived phosphate deposits; 4. Sediment-hosted (manganese nodules) and hard-rock hosted (ferromanganese crusts) ferromanganese oxide deposits; 5. Sediment-hosted methane hydrate deposits; and 6. Hydrothermally derived sulfide deposits of copper, gold, nickel, zinc, and other metals. Thanks primarily to the engineering developments made by the offshore oil industry and the computer-science advances that have revolutionized much of modern society, the technology is in place for most of the tasks of deep seabed mining. The objective here is not to provide a general status update regarding marine minerals technology, but simply to demonstrate, using the best example available to date (the Nautilus Minerals venture in the Territorial Waters of Papua New Guinea) that the technology is in place and ready to go. Development of marine minerals has both the curse and blessing of taking place in the ocean. Since the 1970’s and before, the marine environment has taken on a public aura reserved more commonly for religious beliefs. This aura poses substantial obstacles to any marine development efforts. At the same time, a basic advantage of marine mineral developments is that nobody lives there. Thus, marine mining activities will not conflict with most normal human activities. Marine mining proposals should be subjected to thorough impact assessment analysis, but it is also critical that policymakers take steps to provide a level playing field for marine developments that encourages objective comparisons with alternative land-based proposals for supplying needed mineral resources. Governments should foster reasonable access to the marine mineral resources under their jurisdiction while also supporting incentive policies and related research programs.