Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nickel – Fatigue sous corrosion'
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Traisnel, Caroline. "Étude de la diffusion et de la solubilité de l’hydrogène en surface et subsurface du nickel monocristallin : approches numériques et expérimentales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS033.
Full textMetallic surfaces are at the central place of stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue mechanisms. These latter turn out to be the initiation site of materials damage, while exhibiting great reactivity to their environment. As they act as front doors for solutes, like hydrogen or oxygen, towards the bulk, surfaces play a key role in hydrogen embrittlement (HE) processes. In order to identify HE-tolerant metallurgical states, an understanding of H-surface interactions under stress is necessary. By investigating elementary physical mechanisms implied at the first stage of corrosion fatigue, this thesis work aims to propose a beginning in assessing the impact of the emergence of surface defects due fatigue stress (surface dislocations, slip bands, vacancies) on the apparent local diffusivity and solubility of hydrogen near the surface of nickel. The first step of this study requires however to identify the surfaces crystallographic orientation effect on these local properties, which is the raw material of this thesis. For this, we work on monocrystalline {100}, {110} and {111} surfaces of undeformed nickel at first sight, using both numerical and experimental approaches. Experimentally, a hydrogen diffusion gradient is observed for each orientation by charging nickel single crystals with a pulsed electrochemical technique. Conversely to usual permeation techniques, this double-step potentiostatic one enables the characterization of hydrogen mobility at the entrance side of the sample which was proven to be the main location for H-trapping and embrittlement. A correlation between emerging surface and subsurface defects (characterized by MO/AFM/TEM) according to the degree of cyclic deformation and the local hydrogen diffusivity is then discussed in case of Ni{110}. In parallel, calculations at the atomic scale are carried out (DFT + Phonons) in order to determine the evolution free energies of hydrogen migration from near the {100}, {110} and {111} surfaces towards the bulk. The local solubility of hydrogen is calculated and discussed in terms of lattice elastic distortion energy related to the differentiated relaxation of the surface atoms for the three orientations. A confrontation with elastic theory approach highlights the evolution of local elastic properties. Finally, bigger scales calculations through EAM are initiated to study more complex systems by adding defects, such as surface steps, giving a start for a reliable basis to interpret the interactions between hydrogen and part of the surface defects involved with a fatigue solicitation
Lenartova, Iva. "Fragilisation par l'hydrogène et corrosion sous contrainte d'alliages de nickel et d'un acier inoxydable utilisés dans les générateurs de vapeur : influence de la composition chimique et de la microstructure." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0469.
Full textLa, Barbera Sosa Jose Gregorio. "Comportement en fatigue d'un acier SAE 1045 revêtu de colmonoy 88 déposé par HVOF : effet de la distance de projection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10085/document.
Full textThe influence of the spraying distance on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a Colmonoy 88 alloy deposited by means of HVOF thermal spraying onto a SAE 1045 steel substrate has been investigated in a systematic manner. The spraying distance varied between 380-470 mm and the deposits were evaluated both on their surface and cross section. The microstructural study was conducted by means of SEM and image analysis techniques. The different phases present in the deposits were identified by means of XRD. The surface residual stresses of the coatings were also determined employing the sin2[psi] method, the analysis being conducted on the (311) plane ofthe Ni phase, at 2[theta] ~ 93.2°. The mechanical properties of the coatings and substrate-coating systems were evaluated by means of static and dynamic mechanical tests of a different nature. Hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings were determined by means of instrumented indentation employing a Berkovich indenter and the methodology earlier proposed by Oliver and Pharr. The yield strength of the coatings was also estimated from the above curves following the methodology suggested by Zeng and Chiu, as well as from spherical indentation tests and the Hertz equations commonly used in contact mechanics. The mechanical properties of the substrate-coating system were evaluated by means of tensile and corrosion-fatigue tests employing cylindrical samples. Corrosion-fatigue tests were carried out under rotating-bending conditions at a frequency of 50 Hz, in the range of altemating stresses of 250-420 MPa, employing a of 3 wt% NaCI solution. Corrosion-fatigue tests were conducted employing steel samples coated with hard Cr
Gourgues-Lorenzon, Anne-Françoise. "Interactions mécanique-oxydation à haute température dans l'alliage 600 : application à la fissuration dans le milieu primaire des réacteurs nucléaires à eau sous pression." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1997. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00737015.
Full textChild, Daniel. "Corrosion-fatigue interactions of high-temperature nickel alloys." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9732.
Full textWoollin, Paul. "Aspects of fatigue crack growth in nickel-based superalloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316765.
Full textBoursier, Jean-Marie. "Fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte des alliages fer-nickel-chrome en milieu primaire de réacteur à eau sous pression." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10530.
Full textRanaivoarisoa, Aimé. "Etude des couplages entre les processus de fatigue-corrosion et corrosion sous contrainte d'un acier inoxydable austénitique en milieu chloruré chaud." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10655.
Full textRobin, Emmanuelle. "Rôle des contraintes extérieures en sulfuration : cas du nickel pur et d'alliages base nickel tréfilés." Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOS039.
Full textChen, Hu. "Effets des contraintes et de la déformation plastique sur la cinétique d'oxydation d'alliages de nickel." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC033.
Full textAlloy 600 is a nickel base alloy (Ni-Cr16-Fe8) used for steam generators (GV) and bottom mounted instrumentation nozzles (PFC) in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The experimental results in real-life and laboratory conditions have already shown the sensitivity of this alloy to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in primary water conditions.Previous studies have developed a local model to better predict the kinetics of material cracking. The parameters influencing the crack initiation time such as metallurgical parameters (microstructure and intergranular precipitation), and the environmental parameters (temperature and dissolved hydrogen content) were taken into account in the modeling of intergranular oxidation kinetics. However, the mechanical stresses and residual plastic deformations induced on the surface of the components remain neglected although they were identified as being able to significantly impact the kinetics of oxidation.This thesis aims to quantify the effect of stresses and plastic deformation on the kinetics of growth of the oxide layer in the incubation phase of the SCC of nickel alloys. The constraint oxidation test, and the analysis methodology put in place (SEM measurements and ToF-SIMS depth profiles) including the data processing, made it possible to predict the nature, composition and growth rate of the oxides on the surface as well as intergranular oxide penetrations in the presence of a stress / deformation applied to the material.As constrained oxidation tests were performed, we observed a very marked effect of elastic deformation on intergranular oxidation kinetics. Similarly, a high plastic deformation (> 10%) also significantly increases intergranular oxidation kinetics. The effect of a low plastic deformation (<5%) is much less noticeable. The kinetics of oxidation is affected by the concentration of local stresses and the plastic deformation will eventually modify the activation energy by lowering the activation barrier of the oxidation reaction. The sign of the stresses (tension / compression) on the kinetics of oxidation seems to be less significant
Mathieu, Christian. "Corrosion à haute température d'un alliage Ni20Cr et d'un superalliage Ni15Cr8Fe par le dioxyde de soufre : étude de l'influence des contraintes externes." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS017.
Full textGaur, Vidit. "Fatigue and corrosion-fatigue in Cr-Mo steel in biaxial tension." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX027/document.
Full textThe clip connectors used to join the riser tubes for offshore oil drilling undergo cyclic loading due to sea waves. 90% of the service life is spent in the “connected mode” with a high mean stress and 10% in the “disconnected mode” with a lower mean stress. Finite element computations revealed in-phase biaxial tension in the critical areas of the clip connector along with high mean stresses. Thus, both the mean stress effect and the biaxiality effect need to be addressed for proper design of these structures. However, most of the multiaxial fatigue criteria are based on tension-torsion fatigue data and do not discriminate the influence of biaxial tension from that of a mean stress. This study investigates separately these two effects.For investigating the mean stress effect, uniaxial fatigue tests were run on Cr-Mo steel with various R ratios (σmin/σmax). The fatigue lives, as well as the slope of the S-N curves were found to decrease with increasing R, and the endurance limit to follow Gerber’s parabola. At low R ratios and thus relatively high stress ranges, fatigue cracks initiated from the surface, while for high R ratios, and thus low stress ranges, cracks initiated from internal or surface-cutting defects. This transition was analyzed based on elastic-plastic computations of stress-strain fields around the defects. The threshold for internal fatigue crack growth from defects was found to be quite low and independent from the R ratio. This was attributed to a nearly closure-free propagation.To investigate the effect of positive stress biaxiality, combined cyclic tension and internal pressure tests with various proportions of each loading were run on tubular specimens, at fixed R ratio (0.25). Moderate stress biaxialities (B= 0.25 and 0.5) had a beneficial effect on fatigue lives, attributed mainly to a retardation of crack initiation, while equibiaxial tension had a slightly detrimental effect, attributed to a “pseudo size effect” (higher probability for an incipient crack to grow along two possible planes, compared to a single one).Intergranular facets associated with temper and H2 embrittlement were observed on the fracture surfaces. The evolutions of their surface fraction with ΔK and load biaxiality suggested a possible reduction in crack growth rate at moderate biaxialities, but the detrimental effect of equibiaxial tension could not be explained in terms of crack growth rate.Several popular fatigue criteria failed to describe all fatigue data. Endurance criteria that include a linear mean stress term or contain a hydrostatic tension term fail to predict the variations of the endurance limit of this material with the R ratio and biaxiality ratio. Thus, a new fatigue criterion based on Gerber’s parabola was proposed. It captured the evolution of the endurance limit under the combined effects of positive mean stress and biaxiality.Similar tests were run to investigate the influence of salt water (3.5% NaCl) on fatigue lives under two types of test conditions: 1) free corrosion and 2) cathodic protection.In free corrosion, salt water strongly reduced the fatigue lives and suppressed the endurance limit. This was due to the formation of corrosion pits that favor early, multiple crack initiations. The detrimental effect of salt water was not enhanced by equibiaxial tension, which did not modify the size and density of corrosion pits. Fatigue lives in uniaxial and biaxial tension were nearly the same, although the crack growth mechanism was different: transgranular brittle decohesion in uniaxial loading and mostly intergranular in biaxial tension.Cathodic protection cancelled the detrimental effect of salt water for all biaxialities, in spite of a clear enhancement of H-induced embrittlement of the grain boundaries. The fracture surfaces were nearly fully intergranular, irrespective of load biaxialities, while in air the proportion of intergranular fracture was less than 45%
Jambon, Fanny. "Mécanismes d'absorption d'hydrogène et intéractions hydrogène-défauts : implications en corrosion sous contrainte des alliages à base nickel en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau pressurisée." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EVRY0028.
Full textSince the late 1960s, a special form of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been identified for Alloy 600 exposed to pressurized water reactors (PWR) primary water: intergranular cracks develop during the alloy exposure, leading, progressively, to the complete ruin of the structure, and to its replacement. The main goal of this study is therefore to evaluate in which proportions the hydrogen absorbed by the alloy during its exposure to the primary medium can be responsible for SCC crack initiation and propagation. This study is aimed at better understanding of the hydrogen absorption mechanism when a metallic surface is exposed to a passivating PWR primary medium. A second objective is to characterize the interactions of the absorbed hydrogen with the structural defects of the alloy (dislocations, vacancies…) and evaluate to what extent these interactions can have an embrittling effect in relation with SCC phenomenon. Alloy 600-like single-crystals were exposed to a simulated PWR medium where the hydrogen atoms of water or of the pressuring hydrogen gas were isotopically substituted with deuterium, used as a tracer. Secondary ion mass spectrometry depth-profiling of deuterium was performed to characterize the deuterium absorption and localization in the passivated alloy. The results show that the hydrogen absorption during the exposure of the alloy to primary water is associated with the water molecules dissociation during the oxide film build-up. In an other series of experiments, structural defects were created in recrystallized samples, and finely characterized by positron annihilation spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, before or after the introduction of cathodic hydrogen. These analyses exhibited a strong hydrogen/defects interaction, evidenced by their structural reorganization under hydrogenation (coalescence, migrations). However, thermal desorption spectroscopy analyses indicated that these interactions are transitory, and dependent on the local hydrogen activity in the bulk material. Finally, these results allowed a new model describing SCC crack initiation and propagation to be formulated
Hodkinson, Victoria. "The effect of waveshape on fatigue crack growth in nickel superalloys at elevated temperature." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310379.
Full textSahal, Mohamed. "Influence d'une pré-déformation plastique sur la réactivité anodique du nickel polycristallin dans le milieu acide sulfurique." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS157.
Full textHerms, Emmanuel. "Etude fractographique de la corrosion sous contrainte et de la fatigue-corrosion d'alliages austénitiques : incidence sur l'expertise et les mécanismes." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12147.
Full textLi, Shu-Xin. "High temperature creep-fatigue and crack growth behaviour of a single crystal nickel base superalloy." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/5b2c321c-1c74-450e-be61-a392c419eeb7.
Full textPerruchaut, Philippe. "Etude des interactions fatigue-fluage-oxydation sur l'endommagement du superalliage monocristallin AM1." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2363.
Full textWehbi, Mickaël. "Modélisation de l'amorçage de la corrosion sous contrainte dans les alliages base nickel 182 et 82 en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0056/document.
Full textNickel base welds are widely used to assemble components of the primary circuit of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) plants. International experience shows an increasing number of Stress Corrosion Cracks (SCC) in nickel base welds 182 and 82 which motivates the development of models predicting the time to SCC initiation for these materials. SCC involves several parameters such as materials, mechanics or environment interacting together. The goal of this study is to have a better understanding of the physical mechanisms occurring at grains boundaries involved in SCC. In-situ tensile test carried out on oxidized alloy 182 evidenced dispersion in the susceptibility to corrosion of grain boundaries. Moreover, the correlation between oxidation and cracking coupled with micro-mechanical simulations on synthetic polycrystalline aggregate, allowed to propose a cracking criterion of oxidized grain boundaries which is defined by both critical oxidation depth and local stress level. Due to the key role of intergranular oxidation in SCC and since significant dispersion is observed between grain boundaries, oxidation tests were performed on alloys 182 and 82 in order to model the intergranular oxidation kinetics as a function of chromium carbides precipitation, temperature and dissolved hydrogen content. The model allows statistical analyses and is embedded in a local initiation model. In this model, SCC initiation is defined by the cracking of the intergranular oxide and is followed by slow and fast crack growth until the crack depth reaches a given value. Simplifying assumptions were necessary to identify laws used in the SCC model. However, these laws will be useful to determine experimental conditions of future investigations carried out to improve the calibration used parameters
Menan, Frédéric. "Influence de la corrosion saline sur la tolérance aux dommages d'un alliage d'aluminium aéronautique 2XXX." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Menan-Frederic/2008-Menan-Frederic-These.pdf.
Full textThis project focuses on the characterization of the aluminum alloy 2024 in fatigue crack propagation in saline solution. The first aim is the characterization of the synergistic effects between the cyclic loading, the metallurgy of the alloy and the environmental attack, and their influence on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation. Those effects are shown to be controlled by rise time, and are discussed in terms of a competition between passivation of the crack tip and hydrogen embrittlement enhanced by anodic dissolution. The second aim is the analysis of the difference between a permanent immersion and an alternate immersion in saline solution during fatigue crack propagation. A net increase in the crack growth rates can be observed when the alloy is exposed to an alternate immersion, compared to a permanent immersion. For the two first aims, the possible contribution of stress corrosion cracking is quantified, as a function of the mechanical loading and the environment. The last aim of this study is the examination of the applicability of the results obtained on the 2024 alloy to other aeronautical aluminum alloys
Lamacq, Valérie. "Amorcage et propagation de fissures de fatigue sous conditions de fretting : Approches theorique et experimentale." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0037.
Full textThis research work aimed to understand and then model, at a macroscopic scale, the mechanisms governing cracking under Fretting Fatigue loading on a Pre-Stressed sample (FFPS). Cracks are thus submitted to mixed mode and Non Proportional Conditions (NPC). The classical concepts of the Elastic Linear Fracture Mechanic can hardly account for these conditions. It was then necessary to propose a new approach. That is why, an experimental and a theoretical approach were conducted in parallel. Two experimental complementary sets of tests were conducted to study cracking under FFPS. Firstly, three aeronautical aluminum alloys were tested. Experimental observations were performed at the end of each test through a destructive manner. The surface degradations were first related to the applied running conditions. Then, crack location and propagation directions during stage I and II were defined. The second experimental set of tests was conducted on photoelastic samples. The evolution of the isochromatic fringe pattern along crack faces was directly observed during test. It informed us on crack behaviour and displacements during loading cycles. Crack initiation and propagation were also directly recorded. Thanks to the analysis of crack growth rate curves and observations of crack face feature, different propagation stages were defined under FFPS. The aim of the theoretical approach was to identify the macroscopic parameters governing crack life under FFPS. First of all, initiation and propagation mechanisms during stage I were defined and analysed. Crack location in or out the contact area and the corresponding initial crack growth directions were predicted under various fretting conditions. The conditions governing crack transition from stage I to stage II were then defined. Finally, propagation modes and directions during stage II were determined. In order to account for the NPC, a criterion adapted to the loading conditions and material was selected. This first analysis was then completed by analysing the stress field at the crack tip. Crack propagation modes were then clearly identified under FFPS
Rousseau, Camille. "Mécanismes d'endommagement en fatigue-corrosion d’un acier à très haute résistance mécanique." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021HESAE049.
Full textTo meet the high mechanical requirements of the low-pressure turbine (LPT) shaft in the LEAP turbofan engines, a very high strength steel has been developed by Safran Aircraft Engines. The structural parts of engines must withstand harsh conditions, including cyclic loading and corrosive environment. This study aims to identify improvement levers with respect to the consideration of corrosion during the LPT shaft design and maintenance, but also to the prevention and protection actions set up to limit its apparition. For this purpose, a microstructural and mechanical characterization of the material, coupled with a study of its sensitivity to corrosion and hydrogen, has first allowed to highlight strong material-environment interactions, likely to promote fatigue crack initiation. Alternated uniaxial fatigue tests (R=0), conducted at different frequencies in a NaCl environment, allowed to quantify the effect of corrosion on the ML340 fatigue resistance, to identify synergistic effects between microstructure, cyclic stresses and deformation, and corrosion, and finally to investigate the possible role of hydrogen produced by cathodic reactions. From these results, the corrosion fatigue damage process was simplified into elementary steps and a predictive analytical model was finally proposed. A reliable estimation of the corrosion fatigue resistance has been obtained, especially regarding the frequency effects observed experimentally.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kweon, Young-Gak. "Influence de divers paramètres sur la fissuration par fatigue d'aciers de construction dans l'eau de mer sous protection cathodique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECAP0010.
Full textBosch, Cédric. "Etude de la relation entre la corrosion sous contrainte et la fatigue corrosion basse fréquence de l'alliage 600 en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR1A577.
Full textBosch, Cédric. "Etude de la relation entre la corrosion sous contrainte et la fatigue corrosion basse fréquence de l'alliage 600 en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10683.
Full textBourdet, Paul. "Développement d’une méthode de simulation du comportement en fatigue de pièces minces en alliage d’aluminium soumises à de la corrosion par piqûres." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAT0011.
Full textThe aim of this work is to improve the understanding of the fatigue-corrosion phenomenon in aircraft structures, and to develop a specific assessment method. The study contains three main parts. In the first one, a literature survey has been made in order to clarify and choose the approaches dedicated to the problem of fatigue life determination on corroded parts and structures. The second part presents all the tests made to characterize pitting corrosion, fatigue on pitted coupons and fatigue of coupons in a corrosive environment. An original method has been developed to characterize and visualize corrosion pits in 3-D from NDT measures. The third and last part defines three modelling that could be used to evaluate the fatigue life of pitted parts or parts subjected to pitting corrosion. To conclude, the future prospects of the developed approach and its orientation towards industrial applications are discussed
Delbove, Maxime. "Fatigue et corrosion d’alliages de cuivre pour applications ferroviaires." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10009/document.
Full textEmployed for their good balance between mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, precipitation hardened Cu-Ni-Si alloys are used for various purposes, including railway maintenance. In the latter case, they are submitted to train traffic and environmental effects. This is why the low cycle fatigue (LCF), the wet corrosion and the fatigue-corrosion behaviours of a CuNi2Si alloy have been studied. The aim of the present work is to relate the macroscopic properties to the microstructural behaviour. The fatigue life of the alloy is composed of an initial hardening step, followed by a continuous softening until fracture. Thanks to the combination of transmission and scanning electron microscopies (respectively TEM and SEM), including ECCI (Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging) in addition to EBSD (Electron BackScattered Diffraction), the formation of dislocation cells has been identified, which ones are then consumed by the formation of precipitate free bands after the mechanical dissolution of the δ-Ni2Si precipitates. This sequence describes the cyclic strain accommodation mechanism. The progress in the formation of these bands explains the different regimes observed into the Manson-Coffin diagram. The alloy exhibits intergranular corrosion in 50 g.L-1 NaCl solution. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicates the formation of a compact passive film at the surface of the alloy. Finally, the alloy seems to be sensible to fatigue-corrosion, especially at high strain range where the number of cycle to failure is reduced by a third. Moreover, a fracture surface similar to a stress corrosion cracking surface is also observed
Rebiere, Michel. "De la corrosion sous contrainte à la fatigue-corrosion : mécanismes d'amorçage des fissures dans les alliages Al-Zn-Mg et Al-Li-Cu." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG4205.
Full textPauze, Nathalie. "Fatigue corrosion dans le sens travers court de tôles d'aluminium 2024-T351 présentant des défauts de corrosion localisée." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359611.
Full textNous avons caractérisé la sensibilité de l'alliage 2024-T351 à la corrosion intergranulaire. Il se forme en 7h d'immersion dans NaCl 0.5 M un défaut semi-elliptique de 200 µm de profondeur. Puis la corrosion intergranulaire ralentit fortement.
Nous avons étudié les mécanismes de propagation en fatigue à partir de ces défauts, en particulier la transition entre la corrosion intergranulaire et les fissures transgranulaires courtes de fatigue. A chaque étape de l'endommagement, une estimation des cinétiques, du Delta-K et la morphologie des défauts sont données. Deux mécanismes ont été distingués : un mécanisme de corrosion sous contrainte (cyclique) intergranulaire et un mécanisme de fatigue corrosion transgranulaire. Un critère de transition est proposé
Tao, Chunhu. "Effet de surface en plasticité cyclique." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10058.
Full textRochet, Clement. "Influence du procédé de fabrication sur les propriétés en corrosion et en fatigue-corrosion des câbles électriques en alliages d'aluminium - Application au secteur de l'automobile." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0018.
Full textThe recent awareness of the impact of industrial activities on health and environment initiated a new dynamic, in particular in the industry, which aim is to come up with new solutions limiting the negative effects of these activities. In this framework, this thesis project is part of a technological development project from LEONI Wiring Systems which objective is to replace copper electrical wires by aluminum alloys. This will allow a decrease in both weight and cost of the electrical distribution system which will result in a lower ecological and economical impact of vehicles to come. One of the drawbacks to this project is related to the lower electrical conductivity of aluminum alloys when compared to copper. This is the reason why, in this work, we propose to study a new process called Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), which may allow not only an increase in electrical conductivity but also an increase in mechanical properties without degrading the resistance to corrosion, and fatigue-corrosion of aluminum alloys. First, the microstructural parameters related to the ECAP process, which are critical regarding in-service properties, in particular the corrosion properties, of a 6xxx aluminum alloy were identified. Then, the susceptibility of the alloy to fatigue-corrosion embrittlement was analysed considering the previous results. Finally, the influence of ECAP on ageing kinetics was investigated. This work as a whole gather a large amount of results from which LEONI will take advantage in order to introduce the ECAP process into the manufacturing process of aluminum wires
Parant, Edouard. "Mécanismes d'endommagement et comportements mécaniques d'un composite cimentaire fibré multi-échelles sous sollicitations sévères : fatigue, choc, corrosion." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005735.
Full textA partir de l'analyse des mécanismes de fissuration des matrices cimentaires, le principe de renfort multi-échelles conduit à l'utilisation de trois dimensions de fibres métalliques afin d'intervenir à chaque étape du processus de fissuration. La matrice cimentaire est ultra-compacte et résistante (résistance en compression > 200 MPa) et la fraction volumique du renfort atteint 11 %. Le composite formulé est mis en uvre dans des dalles minces qui se veulent représentatives des applications structurelles envisagées. Les dalles constituent les corps d'épreuve pour les trois études.
La caractérisation mécanique du composite sous chargement statique (compression, traction et flexion) montre que le renfort multi-échelles se caractérise par la mise en action graduelle et continue des différentes échelles de fibres, et ce jusqu'au pic d'effort. Une détermination de la résistance en traction uniaxiale (> 20 MPa) à partir d'essais de flexion 4 points sur dalles minces en utilisant une approche inverse est validée. Il est montré que le matériau étudié est élasto-plastique avec écrouissage positif en traction.
Les essais dynamiques mettent en lumière une grande sensibilité du composite aux effets de vitesses. Le renfort multi-échelles, et tout particulièrement les micro-fibres, amplifient les phénomènes visqueux dans la matrice cimentaire en y améliorant le transfert des efforts. Le gain absolu de résistance en traction est estimé par approche inverse à 1.5 MPa/u.log. Ces résultats sont retrouvés lors de simulations avec un modèle élasto-visco-plastique.
Le comportement en fatigue est limité par le faible élancement des méso-fibres. Leur déchaussement rapide empêche l'arrêt de la coalescence des micro-fissures. Une corrélation forte existe entre la durée de vie en fatigue et l'état d'endommagement initial (lors d'un premier chargement statique). Une courbe de Wöhler corrigée est reconstruite connaissant le comportement statique caractéristique et l'état initial de déformation des corps d'épreuve.
Sous sollicitation de service, la fissuration fine et diffuse induite par l'efficacité du renfort multi-échelles n'est pas préjudiciable en environnement agressif. Une cicatrisation presque totale est observée en présence d'eau sur des corps d'épreuve pré-endommagés par fatigue et maintenus chargés en solution saline.
Parant, Édouard. "Mécanismes d'endommagement et comportements mécaniques d'un composite cimentaire fibré multi-échelles sous sollicitatons sévères : fatigue, choc, corrosion." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENPC0013.
Full textGirardin, Gouenou. "Interactions Hydrogène - Plasticité dans le Nickel et ses Alliages." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00535777.
Full textAntill, Marc. "The effect of repair welds on the high temperature low cycle fatigue behaviour of nickel base superalloy turbine blades." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297923.
Full textNicolas, Pascal. "Contribution du glissement intergranulaire à l'endommagement par corrosion sous contrainte des alliages de nickel en milieu primaire de réacteur à eau sous pression." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0055.
Full textAmiable, Sébastien. "Prédiction de durée de vie de structures sous chargement de fatigue thermique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0003.
Full textThe aim of this work is to predict the lifetime of structures submitted to thermal fatigue loadings. This work lies within the studies undertaken by the CEA on the thermal fatigue problems from the french reactor of Civaux. In particular we study the SPLASH test : a specimen is heated continuously and cyclically cooled down by a water spray. This loading generates important temperature gradients in space and time and leads to the initiation and the propagation of a crack network. We propose a new thermo-mechanical model to simulate the SPLASH experiment and we propose a new fatigue criterion to predict the lifetime of the SPLASH specimen. We propose and compare several numerical models with various complexity to estimate the mechanical response of the SPLASH specimen. The practical implications of this work are the reevaluation of the hypothesis used in the French code RCC, which are used to simulate thermal shock and to interpret the results in terms of fatigue. This work leads to new perspectives on the mechanical interpretation of the fatigue criterion
Idelot, Dominique. "Corrosion sous contrainte ondulée d'un acier inoxidable en milieu chloruré : influence de la forme du signal : modélisation mécano-électrochimique." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10627.
Full textHennion, Arnaud. "Microstructure et fragilisation des aciers de cuve des réacteurs nucléaires VVER 440." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-389.pdf.
Full textCaballero, Hinostroza Jacqueline. "Modélisation de l'amorçage de la Corrosion sous Contrainte en milieu primaire de l'alliage 600." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM034/document.
Full textSeveral components present in the primary circuit of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) of nuclear power plants were manufactured with Alloy 600, a nickel base alloy containing 16 wt.% chromium. Operating experience of PWRs and laboratory tests showed that Alloy 600 is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC).Previous studies have allowed developing an initiation model based on a macroscopic approach and depending on several parameters such as temperature, applied stress and material microstructure. However, this model suffers from a lack of accuracy: dissolved hydrogen content and mechanical loading history effects are not considered and the microstructure effects (such as intergranular precipitation) are only partially taken into account.The aim of this study is to develop a ‘local’ model predicting stress corrosion cracking initiation time, based on physical mechanisms and local parameters related to the material microstructure (intergranular precipitation), the environment chemistry (temperature and dissolved hydrogen content) and stress concentration at grain boundaries. The local model relies on a cracking scenario with three main steps: incubation, initiation and crack extension.The formation of intergranular oxide penetration was assumed to be a key step in SCC initiation. For this purpose, oxidation tests were performed in simulated primary water. The intergranular oxidation kinetics of Alloy 600 was studied and the effects of intergranular carbide precipitation, dissolved hydrogen content and temperature were investigated. In addition, a cracking criterion coupling a critical local stress and a critical intergranular oxide depth was estimated. Finally, a sigmoid crack growth law was used to simulate both the slow and fast propagation steps. The local model was validated using a database built from the results of SCC tests performed on Alloy 600 and gathering the crack depths reached as a function of test duration for different experimental conditions (material microstructure, loading conditions)
Chetroiu, Bogdan-Adrian. "Corrosion sous contrainte de l'alliage 600 en millieu primaire des REP : étude de la diffusion du chrome." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0008/document.
Full textAlloy 600 (Ni-15%Cr-10%Fe) is known to be susceptible to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) in primary water of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). Recent studies have shown that chromium diffusion is a controlling rate step in the comprehension of SCC mechanism. In order to improve the understanding and the modelling of SCC of Alloy 600 in PWR primary medium the aim of this study was to collect data on kinetics diffusion of chromium. Volume and grain boundary diffusion of chromium in pure nickel and Alloy 600 (mono and poly-crystals) has been measured in the temperature range 678 K to 1060 K by using Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) and Glow Discharge-Optical Spectrometry (GD-OES) techniques. A particular emphasis has been dedicated to the influence of plastic deformation on chromium diffusion in nickel single crystals (orientated <101>) for different metallurgical states. The experimental tests were carried out in order to compare the chromium diffusion coefficients in free lattice (not deformed), in pre-hardening specimens (4% and 20%) and in dynamic deformed tensile specimens at 773 K. It has been found that chromium diffusivity measured in dynamic plastic deformed creep specimens were six orders of magnitude greater than those obtained in not deformed or pre-hardening specimens. The enhancement of chromium diffusivity can be attributed to the presence of moving dislocations generated during plastic deformation
Pavageau, Ellen-Mary. "Modélisation de la corrosion du côté secondaire des tubes de générateurs de vapeur de centrales à réacteur à eau sous pression : application à la corrosion sous contrainte de l’alliage 600." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0151.
Full textStress corrosion cracking (SCC) occurs in flow-restricted areas on the secondary side of Mill Annealed (MA) Alloy 600 steam generator tubes of pressurized water reactors. More recent Thermally Treated (TT) Alloy 600 tubes could some day also suffer from corrosion. Our work consists in modelling the phenomenon empirically and statistically to predict the behaviour of Alloy 600 tubes toward corrosion. The environments formed in the flow-restricted areas are poorly known but chemical analyses during shutdowns show they could resemble sodium hydroxide or sulphate environments. Therefore, our modelling is based on SCC laboratory test in these two typical environments. The modelling in sodium hydroxide environments shows SCC involves three steps: incubation, slow propagation and rapid propagation. The tubes behaviour is well predicted in terms of location and orientation of cracks as well as little risk of having rapid propagation. Finally, the application to TT Alloy 600 tubes gives a smaller risk of SCC than for MA Alloy 600 tubes. The modelling in sulphate environments, established by use of the technique of « repair » of design of experiments, evidences interactions of model parameters. This modelling satisfactorily describes the secondary side corrosion of steam generator tubes. Moreover, the beneficial effect of the thermal treatment on Alloy 600 SCC resistance seems confirmed
Piard, Alexandre. "Simulation des vitesses de propagation d'une fissure dans un alliage à base de nickel à haute température sous vide et sous chargement de fatigue-fluage." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2335.
Full textThe proposed creep - fatigue simulation was aimed at predicting creep fatigue crack growth (CFCG) rates of an Astroloy at 750ʿC under high vacuum. This analysis is based on a combination of different models pertaining to simple situations (fatigue with crack closure, creep alone. . . ). It relies on the introduction of damage fields describing fatigue and creep effects in the vicinity of the crack tip. These damage fields respectively depend on cyclic and creep crack opening displacements. Closure and blunting effects are incorporated in the damaging process. Crack propagation is governed by a fracture criterion involving both damage fields. The creep - fatigue interaction is described by the association of the cyclic and creep damage fields and some global damage parameter
Laghoutaris, Pierre. "Corrosion sous contrainte de l'alliage 600 en milieu primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression : apport à la compréhension des mécanismes." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407846.
Full textA partir des résultats obtenus à l'aide du traçage isotopique de l'hydrogène et de l'oxygène couplé à l'utilisation de différentes techniques d'analyse complémentaires, il a été proposé un nouveau modèle de mécanisme de fissuration basé sur la formation d'oxyde de chrome aux joints de grains de l'alliage. Ce modèle permet de prendre en compte le rôle des paramètres liés au matériau (taux de défauts, déformation, type de joint de grain) et au milieu (teneur en hydrogène, température) qui influeraient sur les cinétiques de diffusion de l'oxygène dans l'oxyde aux joints de grains de l'alliage et du chrome aux joints de grains de l'alliage.
Chaumun, Elizabeth. "Corrosion sous contrainte de l’Alliage 82 en vapeur d’eau hydrogénée à 400°C : influence de la microstructure et du comportement mécanique sur l’amorçage." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM005/document.
Full textIn Pressurize Water Reactors (PWR), Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) is the mean degradation mode of components pieced together by welding. Nickel based alloys are, among others, used in dissimilar metal welding (DMW). International report showed only 3 cracking cases in Alloy 82 out of 300 cracking cases concerned on nickel based alloys DMW in primary water circuit. The aim of this study is to identify which microstructural and local mechanism parameters at microstructure scale provide the initiation of SCC cracks. Characterizations performed on specimen surface to identify those parameters are composed ofchemical composition analysis and EBSD analysis (Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction) to know the morphology and the crystallography of grains for microstructure features on one hand, and experimental strain fields measured by Digital Imaging Correlation (DIC) of gold microgrids deposed by electronic lithography on U-bend specimen surface and stress fields calculated along grains boundaries by finite element for local mechanical features on the other hand. The correlation between those characterizations and localization of initiation sites of SCC cracks, obtained on U-bend specimens tested in autoclave in hydrogen steam water at 400°C and 188 bar for 3500 hours, confirmed the susceptibility of the Alloy 82 in SCC conditions with intergranular SCC cracks. The perpendicular position to the loading direction (mode I) is the worst conditions for grains boundary in SCC. The others points concern the chemical composition (precipitation, impurities) around grain boundary and the grain boundary type which is more susceptible when it is a High Angle Grain Boundary. It is following by the mechanical characterization (stress and strain gradient) along grain boundary. This methodology can be used to other material and helped to define which microstructural and mechanical parameter can be define the initiation of SCC cracks
Vernault, Cyril. "Interaction couches d'oxyde et résistance à la fatigue de l'acier inoxydable 316L." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2324.
Full textPauchard, Vincent. "Etude des mécanismes de rupture des fibres dans les composites UD verre/epoxy sous sollicitation de fatigue longitudinale en milieu humide : application d'un modèle de corrosion sous contraintes." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2001. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1868_vpauchard.pdf.
Full textThe fatigue behaviour of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites under longitudinal bending or tensile loading is known to be largely dominated by the delayed fracture of the fibre reinforcement. Often refereed as stress corrosion cracking (SCC), these processes are controlled by the sub-critical growth of glass surface defects under the combined action of stress and moisture. On this basis we have conducted a multi-scale analysis on the early stages of damage development: (i) a statistical model of Stress Corrosion Cracking have been validated during tensile tests on dry fibres bundles by means of Acoustic Emission; (ii) the same model have been applied to an elementary volume within a flexural beam by means of in situ optical observations; (iii) an empirical relationship between the number of fibre breaks on the tensile side in front of the loading nose and the relative stiffness of the specimen allowed us to propose an analytical approximation of the stiffness loss of flexural beams under static or quasi-static loading; (iv) potential and limitations of this approach for dynamic fatigue were investigated in immersion in hot water. It appeared that our model allowed to take into account of thermal activation, strain level, solicitation ratio and frequency
Bellefleur, Alexandre. "Cinétique de réaction et solubilité des produits de corrosion dans les conditions physico-chimiques du circuit primaire des réacteurs à eau sous pression (REP)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767055.
Full textComeau, Christian R. "Critical Erosion/Corrosion Piping Wall Thicknesses Under Static and Fatigue Stress Conditions According to ASME Guidelines." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34057.
Full textMaster of Science
Delabrouille, Frédéric. "Caractérisation par MET de fissures de corrosion sous contrainte d'alliages à base de nickel : influence de la teneur en chrome et de la chimie du milieu." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7400/1/delabrouille1.pdf.
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