Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nickel content'
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Mugford, Sam. "The molecular basis of nickel hyperaccumulation in Alyssum L." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670183.
Full textBoulet, Frederic. "Mycorrhizal symbiosis as a strategy for survival in ultramafic soils." University of Western Australia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Discipline Group, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0051.
Full textSvensson, Sara. "Minimizing the sulphur content in Kraft lignin." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-998.
Full textThe aim of this project is to investigate the possibilities of minimizing the sulphur content in Kraft lignin. Kraft lignin contains about 1.5 to 3% sulphur. The sulphur is believed to be present in lignin as inorganic sulphur, as elemental sulphur, as adsorbed polysulphide and/or as organically bound sulphur. For the determination of these different types of sulphur components, different approaches and methods were used. For the determination of inorganic sulphur, lignin was washed with water at pH 6 and pH 2 and the wash waters were analysed with ion chromatography (IC). For the determination of total sulphur content in the lignin, two methods were used; Schöniger combustion followed by ion chromatography (IC) and wet digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The elemental sulphur content in water-extracted lignin was determined after n-pentane extraction. ICP analysis was performed on the washed lignin.
Calcium present in the lignin may bind polysulphides and thus be a source of the observed sulphur. The lignin was thus ion-exchanged to remove any calcium. To further investigate how the sulphur content in lignin can be decreased, two different types of reactions were performed on lignin; oxidation and reduction. The oxidation reactions were made in sodium hydroxide with oxygen at different temperatures and time on both original and water-extracted lignin. The reduction reactions were made on water-extracted lignin with Raney nickel in three different solvent systems: methanol: water, acetone: water and sodium hydroxide.
The original lignin contained 2.6% sulphur as determined by ICP. Washing lowered the content to 1.85% sulphur. By n-pentane extraction the elemental sulphur was lowered to a level of 1.82% sulphur, which was considered to be organically bound sulphur. Neither the ion exchange nor the oxidation lowered the sulphur content significantly.
The reduction reactions successfully the organically bound sulphur from 1.82% to a level of 0.54%.
The relative distribution of the sulphur content in the studied softwood lignin was as follows: about 29% as inorganic sulphur, about 1% as elemental sulphur and approximately 70% as organically bound sulphur, of which 49% could be removed by Raney nickel.
Cambron, André. "Hydrogen in NiZr metallic glasses." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66070.
Full textNorwood, Carolyn G. "The Effect of Nickel Content on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of a High Toughness Secondary Hardening Steel." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1049.
Full textHamdani, Fethi. "Improvement of the corrosion and oxidation resistance of Ni-based alloys by optimizing the chromium content." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0012/document.
Full textThis fundamental study is focused on the understanding of the influence of the chemical composition of Ni-based alloys on their corrosion and oxidation mechanisms. This work is not dedicated for a particular application. It is well known for instance that Ni-based alloys are susceptible to intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in primary water. Thus, Alloy600 (Ni-16Cr-9Fe), used in steam generator (SG) tubing, was replaced by higher chromium content material Alloy690 (Ni-30Cr-9Fe). This later shows a better resistance to IGSCC which may be linked to the growth of more protective oxide layer as chromium content is increased to 30 wt.%. The main goal of this study is to investigate: i) the influence of chromium content, ii) impact of iron addition on the corrosion and oxidation resistance of Ni-based alloys in primary water and superheated steam at 700°C. Furthermore, analytical approach in acidic solution is conducted at room temperature. This allowed to establish a relationship between alloying elements and physical properties of the oxide layers. For this purpose, Ni-xCr (14 ≤ x≤ 30 wt.%), Ni-xCr-8Fe (x=14,22 and 30 wt.%) model alloys and industrial material Alloy600 have been studied. To characterize the oxide scales, conventional technics were used: SEM, STEM, EDX, Potentiodynamic, EIS, Chronoamperometry, Mott-Schottky. Furthermore, steam oxidation kinetics was evaluated by means of weight gain measurements. To uncouple the effect of surface cold-work and the chemical composition of the base metal, mirror and electro polishing were carried out. In primary water, critical chromium content (20 wt.%), which corresponds to the minimum amount of chromium required to the transition from non-protective to protective and compact Cr-oxide layer, is determined. However, the analytical approach, using electrochemical technics, at room temperature elucidated the existence of optimum chromium content (26 wt.%) in terms of corrosion resistance. In superheat steam, oxidation kinetics and oxide scale characteristics showed the existence of optimum chromium content (24 wt.%) in terms of oxidation resistance. The corrosion and oxidation resistance is degraded as chromium content was increased more than optimal amount. Iron addition (8 wt.%) had a detrimental effect on the protectivess of the resulting oxide scales. Finally, this study showed that optimizing of chromium content is more appropriate method for enhancing corrosion and oxidation resistance, that increasing chromium content to high level is not necessary beneficial to those parameters. This work provides a useful knowledge to design new alternative materials. For this purpose, more investigations should be conducted to test other parameters such as: weldability, fabricability, thermal conductivity,etc
Muteba, Itone. "Research on nickel alloy sensitivity." Title page, Contents and Abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09DM/09dmm992.pdf.
Full textGentry, Retha D., Lisa Ousley, and Candice N. Short. "Nickel Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Case Report." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7159.
Full textZhang, Xin. "Procédé hydrométallurgique pour la valorisation du nickel contenu dans les plantes hyperaccumulatrices." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0172/document.
Full textSome plants, known as hyperaccumulators, are able to develop on metal containing soils and to accumulate these metals at high concentrations in shoots. Biomass incineration leads to ash containing 10 to 25 wt % nickels, greater than in some mineral ores. This work follows a research that has been carried out by the team for several years, which has resulted in a patent on the hydrometallurgical production of the double salt ammonium and nickel hexahydrate (ANSH) from the biomass of Alyssum murale. It aims at improving the synthesis method of this salt in order to upscale it at the pilot scale and explore new methods leading to new products. The manuscript begins with a bibliographic review on phytomining from hyperaccumulators to metal recycling processes, essentially focused on nickel. Then ca 15 hyperaccumulator plants (genus Alyssum, Leptoplax and Bornmuellera) collected in Greece or Albania have been compared, in the objective of phytomining. Nickel concentrations were measured in the plant organs and in the ashes after combustion. The three types of plants are of great interest for the technology, they contain 1 to 3 wt % of nickel and the ashes 15 to 20%. The hydrometallurgical process of ANSH production was investigated step by step to optimize each step to produce a salt of high purity, to decrease materials and energy consumption and to minimize effluent and waste production. The process was thus improved. Eventually, new ideas have been tested for new processes and nickel products. The obtained results and the current dynamics prove the interest of phytomining and announce its imminent development
Le, Ngoc Michel. "Les effets allergiques et toxiques du nickel." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P094.
Full textMignanelli, Paul Michael. "The design of new nickel-base superalloys with high niobium contents." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709110.
Full textFawakhiri, Maria. "Investigation and growth of nickel coatings for electrical contact applications." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-52193.
Full textNickel based coatings were deposited on copper substrates by two different sputtering techniques from a nickel alloy based target. The substrates used were commercially available copper based substrates for low duty electrical contacts. The coatings were analyzed and evaluated as copper diffusion barriers for electrical contact applications. In addition two types of commercially available electroplated nickel coatings (referred to as type A electroplated coatings and type B electroplated coatings) were characterized for comparison. The Technique I sputtered coatings were deposited using three different substrate bias voltages and two different working gas pressures. The Technique II coatings were deposited using two different substrate bias voltages and two different working gas pressures. All sputtered coatings were deposited at a temperature of 200° C. The quality of the barriers was investigated by analyzing their composition, microstructure, stress, mechanical properties , and surface roughness. The results show that sputtered coatings have polycrystalline structures while the two plated films had (200) orientation and (111) orientation. Both plated coatings contained impurities that originate from chemicals used in the plating baths. The surface of the sputtered coatings reflects the substrate surface, while the electroplated samples on the same substrate (type A coatings) show a smooth mirror like surface and the type B electroplated coatings show a rough surface.
Technique II sputtered coatings showed the highest hardness in the amount of 13 GPa, followed by electroplated type A coatings with a hardness of about 9 GPa while the Technique I coatings showed hardness of 6-8 GPa. All sputtered coatings exhibited compressive stress while the electroplated type A coatings exhibited tensile stress of almost twice the magnitude.
In this study it is shown that sputtered nickel based coatings sputtered nickel based coatings are a promising more environmental friendly alternative to electroplated nickel coatings.
Everness, Katharine Mary. "Allergic contact dermatitis to nickel : a study of antigen presentation in vitro." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18869.
Full textWarner, Ronald Douglass. "Zinc and calcium effects on nickel dermatitis in the guinea pig /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487330761217158.
Full textTroussier, Ghislain. "Intégration de bobine sur silicium pour la conversion d'énergie." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0017.
Full textIn the context of integration of low power DC-DC converters, the topic of this work consists in studying the integration of inductors on silicon. The difficulties of this kind of integration are related to the development, the compatibility of the whole technological processes, which are used for fabricating the complete system, and the manufacturing cost. First, a bibliographical synthesis has been made on the integrated inductors as well as conducting and magnetic materials and their deposit techniques. Once we have set the objectives, in particular the nature of the used materials, we have developed the electrochemical deposits and the thick photoresists processes that are required for the fabrication of moulds. These photoresists must withstand to chemical and physical constraints. A first structure of spiral type inductor has been calculated and the fabrication process has been determined. In the same time, specific devices have been studied then realized in order to characterize the electrochemical deposited layers in terms of resistivity, permeability and alloy composition. The last part of this thesis consists in applying this fabrication process to a second type of structure, which have been studied with the aim of reducing the number of technological steps. Currently, the first prototypes of these two kinds of inductors have been fabricated with low thickness materials layers. These prototypes confirm the feasibility of these devices
Willemin, Pascal. "Equilibres de phases dans les alliages à base de nickel contenant de l'aluminium, du tantale et du titane." Grenoble INPG, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPG0034.
Full textLittle, Matthew Clifford. "The role of the keratinocyte in nickel- and chromium- induced allergic contact dermatitis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267124.
Full textJouen, Samuel. "Corrosion du cuivre, du nickel et de l'étain au contact de polluants atmosphériques." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES070.
Full textThis study gives on the one hand, an overall view of the copper, nickel and tin corrosion exposed in various outdoor atmospheres, on the other hand, some considerations on the setting of the technical device allowing normalised indoor corrosion tests with four pollutant gas (SO₂, NO₂, H₂S et Cl₂). A multi-analytical approach was chosen to characterise the corrosion products, combining physical and chemical techniques, that give qualitative and quantitative informations. Corrosion of copper is uniform and the corrosion layer consists of a complex mixture rich in copper (I) oxide and copper sulfates. With the nickel, we are able to show a pitting corrosion mechanism, in which there is formation of nickel sulfates and nickel chlorines corrosion products in the pit and a nickel carbonate all around. Tin corrosion is heterogeneous with formation of clusters composed of several corrosion products, in which an amorphous stannic hydrated oxide is the main phase. Atmospheric precipitations have an essential impact on the copper corrosion rate, and more again on the nickel one. Ozone concentration in air appears also as an essential parameter, which must be taken into account to understand the corrosion mechanism. As part of the accelerated corrosion test in laboratory, we have shown a catalytic effect of the stainless steel exposure chamber, on the chemical reactions between gas. The effect of the concentration ratio H₂S/Cl₂ in copper, nickel and tin corrosion have been also studied
Masjedi, Khosro. "In vitro analyses of immune responses to metal and organic haptens in humans with contact allergy." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Wenner-Gren Institute for Experimental Biology, Stockholm university, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7685.
Full textJosefson, Anna. "Nickel allergy and hand eczema : epidemiological aspects." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11855.
Full textNickelallergi är vanligt förekommande. Prevalensen i Skandinavien är 15--25% hos kvinnor och cirka 3% hos män. Sambandet mellan nickelallergi och uppkomst av handeksem har tidigare diskuterats och i vissa studier anges att 30--45% av alla individer med nickelallergi får handeksem. Det finns dock endast ett fåtal publicerade studier där personer ur normalbefolkningen har lapptestats för nickel. Handeksem ärvanligt och har ofta flera olika kombinerade orsaker. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att studera nickelallergins betydelse för uppkomst av handeksem. Detfinns ett intresse av att följa förekomsten av nickelallergi över tid, speciellt sedan det i början av 2000-talet infördes ett EU-direktiv som begränsar nickelinnehåll i klockor,smycken, metallknappar etc. Ytterligare ett syfte med avhandlingen var att utvärderaepidemiologiska metoder för att följa förekomsten av nickelallergi.Den första studien var en uppföljningsstudie av 908 flickor ur normalbefolkningen,vilka i skolåldern lapptestats med nickel. Tjugo år senare skickades en enkät till dessa kvinnor, svarsfrekvensen var hög (81%). Förekomsten av självrapporterat handeksemefter 15 års ålder var 17.6%. Det förelåg ingen signifikant skillnad i förekomst avhandeksem mellan de kvinnor som var nickelallergiska som barn jämfört med dem som inte var nickelallergiska. År 2006 utfördes ytterligare en studie, som inkluderade de kvinnor som fortfarande bodde i Örebro län. Studien omfattade en klinisk undersökning av händerna samt ett lapptest. 30% av kvinnorna var positiva för nickel.Det förelåg ingen signifikant skillnad i förekomst av handeksem mellan de som var positiva för nickel och de som var negativa. Vid separat analys av de kvinnor som angav tidigare barneksem jämfört med dem som aldrig hade haft barneksem visade det sig att risken för handeksem var dubbelt så stor hos nickelallergiker i den gruppen som aldrig hade haft barneksem. Båda studierna visade att barneksem var den största riskfaktorn för att få handeksem som vuxen, med en 3-4 gånger ökad risk. Den tredje studien var en validering av självrapporterad nickelallergi. Överensstämmelsen var låg mellan enkätfrågor gällande nickelallergi och lapptestverifierad nickelallergi. Av dem som själva bedömde sig vara nickelallergiska var endast 59% positiva enligt lapptest. För att följa förekomsten av nickelallergi i befolkningen behövs därför andra metoder. I den fjärde studien utvärderades ett självtest för nickelallergi. 191 patienter från tre olika hudkliniker i Sverige deltog i studien. Validiteten för metoden självtest var tillfredsställande, sensitiviteten var 72%och graden av överensstämmelse var 86%.
Diop, Mamadou Diobet. "Contribution à l'étude mécanique et électrique du contact localisé : Adaptation de la nanoidendentation à la micro-insertion." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467529.
Full textRaghavan, Badrinarayanan [Verfasser]. "Elucidation of the cellular sensing mechanisms for the contact allergens nickel and cobalt / Badrinarayanan Raghavan." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148264183/34.
Full textKochem, Amélie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de complexes de coordination contenant des ligands redox-actifs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV029/document.
Full textOrganic radicals play key roles in various fields and it is established that they could coordinate metal centers in metalloenzymes. For example, Galactose Oxydase exhibits a copper-phenoxyl entity, essential for its reactivity (aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes). This thesis is focused on the design of transition metal complexes (copper, nickel, cobalt) from non innocent ligands. The characterization of species at various oxidation states has been performed by complementary analytical techniques (electrochemistry, EPR, UV-vis-NIR, raman resonance, X-ray crystallography) and theoretical chemistry. Several Ni-salen complexes were synthetized (symmetrical or not) and the resulting oxidized species could be either localized (class II compound) or delocalized (class III compound) radicals depending on the phenolic substituents. In Cu(II)-salophen complexes we successfully shed light on a bridge-centered redox activity, leading to Cu(II)-diaminobenzene π radical species. In the case of cobalt, both metal and ligand redox active orbitals are isoenergetic and the oxidized species is a resonance hybrid between the Co(III)-phenolate and the Co(II)-phenoxyl forms. We evaluated the influence of the replacement of the salen oxygen atoms by nitrogen ones on the electronic structure of the resulting oxidized species. Finally, original complexes were synthesized from a bis(phénol)-dipyrrine ligand and the radical oxidized species were structurally characterized. They exhibit a unprecedented mixed porphyrinyl-phenoxyl character
Hugon, Annie. "Etude d'alliages de surface contenant du nickel élaborés par irradiation laser de prérevêtements sur substrat fer." Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPG0116.
Full textBarbassat, Marie-Hélène. "Microstructure et déformation plastique d'alliages à base de nickel contenant du bore élaborés par refroidissement rapide." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375957068.
Full textClarisse, Marie-Hélène. "Microstructure et déformation plastique d'alliages à base de nickel contenant du bore élaborés par refroidissement rapide." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112137.
Full textTwo nickel-based super alloys containing respectively 1. 6 and 3. 5 weight% of boron were prepared by melt spinning. After hot extrusion, the alloys had a microcrystalline structure which was a mixture of Ɣ or Ɣ+Ɣ’ grains and of borides. The plastic deformation was studied in compression from room temperature up to 1000°C and in creep-compression near 0. 6 Tm (Tm : melting point). The yield stress of these alloys decreases rapidly at high temperature the drastic decrease was explained by grain boundary sliding. The microstructure of deformation is the following at room temperature, the deformation is homogeneous inside the grains pile-ups of dislocations stopped against the grain boundaries are observed at high temperature (T higher than 600°C), no dislocations can be found in most grains, after several percent of deformation; when present, the dislocations are mainly concentrated near the multiple grain boundary junctions. Creep results have shown that above 600°C, the creep mechanism is dominated by Grain Boundary Sliding controlled by pipe diffusion. The deformation rate is a law as: ɛ= A DcGb/kT [b/d]² [o/G]⁴
Renault, Jean-Christophe. "Étude du mécanisme de dégradation du méthanol au contact du nickel dans le cadre d'une boucle fluide diphasique à pompage capillaire." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3017/document.
Full textIn the railway field the constraints on electric traction systems are such that these systems constitute a separate branch of electronics, called "power electronics". Furthermore, the needs for cooling these systems are increased by the presence of very high electrical currents flowing in these systems. An adaptation to the railway field of two-phase fluid capillary pumped loops, initially designed for space applications, could be an advantageous response to this cooling need. The capillary pumped loops are passive and modular heat transfer devices, characterized by their highly efficient and highly reliable behavior. The vaporization of the heat transfer fluid takes place in a porous wick, generating a pressure difference between the vapor and the liquid phase, allowing the setting in motion of the fluid throughout the system. They therefore operate without pump or any mechanical element to set the fluid in motion. Adaptations have been made by ALSTOM and EHP (Euro Heat Pipe) on these loops, leading to a prototype called "Capillary Pumped Loop for Integrated Power" (CPLIP). The goal of this PhD, in this context, is to study the chemical compatibility of methanol, which is the fluid used in the CPLIP, with the material of the CPLIP wick based on sintered nickel. Their compatibility will be mainly studied for temperatures higher than those currently encountered in the loop, to take into account the increase of operating temperature due to the development of silicon carbide in power electronics.Two test benches have been developed specifically for the study of the aging of a couple fluid/catalytic solid in contact. The first one is a batch reactor used to determine the reaction kinetics. A second test bench has been designed with the aim to partially reproduce the operating conditions of the CPLIP. Because of the constraints related to the study of the reaction including analysis of the chemical compounds, it was not possible to generate capillary pumping to the setting in motion of the fluid. A gravitational two-phase fluid loop has therefore been developed. Since the use of this process is quite complex, a part of this work is devoted to describe its thermal behavior, using experimental results as well as a simple numerical model. On these two test benches, a gas chromatograph was used to perform chemical analyzes. Surface characterization tests, using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectrophotometry and BET analyzes, provided a more accurate knowledge of the surface area of the sintered nickel. Analyzes were also carried out after reaction, in order to obtain more information on the evolution of the surface state during the reaction. Various tests were then carried out for different temperatures and particle sizes which allowed us to offer a degradation mechanism of methanol in contact with the nickel of the porous wick. Finally, first tests were carried out on the gravitational two-phase fluid loop in order to study the degradation of methanol under conditions representative to those encountered in industrial loops
Pothapragada, Raja Mahesh. "FEM of nanoindentation on micro- and nanocrystalline Ni: Analysis of factors affecting hardness and modulus values." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4844/.
Full textDromard, Charlotte. "Niches trophiques des poissons herbivores des Antilles : apports des isotopes stables." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0597/document.
Full textHerbivorous fishes play a major ecological role against the « coral-algal phase-shift » phenomenon in the coral reefs of the Caribbean. In this study, the feeding patterns of the most important species of herbivorous fishes have been studied to understand how these species use and share the trophic resources on reefs and seagrass beds . Trophic niches of these species have been described by two complementary methods: the analyses oftheir digestive contents and the analyses of stable isotopes of carbon C3C/ J2C) and nitrogen (lsN/14N). The nutritional quality of the sources has been evaluated by their concentrations of macronutrients (proteins, lipids, soluble and insoluble carbohydrates) to explain partially the choice of resources by herbivorous fishes . Among the 14 studied species of herbivorous fishes (Pomacentridae, Acanthuridae and Scaridae), eight types of trophic niches have been described, indicating a functional diversity of these species . The trophic niches are occupied by one or several species, independently oftheir morphology or their taxonomie affinities. The results of this study suggest a complementarity among these species and raise the question of their conservation to preserve their ecological role on marine ecosystems of the Caribbean
Willemin, Pascal. "Equilibres de phases dans les alliages à base de nickel contenant de l'aluminium du tantale et du titane." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376018433.
Full textMercier, David. "Lois de comportement des matériaux utilisés dans les contacts électriques pour application " flip chip "." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI083/document.
Full textIn the field of « 3D » microelectronic integration, a wafer level technology using flip chip stacking and based on a microinsertion process has been developed recently. This technology is mainly based on the contact realized by thermocompression between a network of microinserts made of Nickel ECD, with connections pads in Al(Cu). In this work, a scenario describing the contact establishment between a unique rough microinsert of Nickel and a smooth thin Aluminum film taking into account the presence of native Alumina at the contact interface, is developed for a range of pressures from MPa to GPa. The analysis of the metal-oxide-metal contact is essentially based on the fracture of the native oxide followd by the metal extrusion through cracks, and requires the knowledge of the behaviour laws of materials, obtained from instrumented nanoindentation tests coupled with numerical modeling. Finally, the measure of the electrical contact resistance evolution in function of applied load, with specific pioneering experimental setup, showcases the mechanisms driving the formation of metallic contact during the microinsertion process
Pestana, Ricardo. "Caracterização elétrica de contatos rasos de siliceto de níquel sobre junções N+P." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-08122006-143302/.
Full textThis work presents the fabrication and electrical characterization of Al/Ti/Ni(Pt)Si contacts having the nickel monosilicide formed from Ni(30nm)/Pt(1.5nm)/Si structure on shallow N+P junctions with about 0.2 ìm of depth. The diodes? electrical behavior achieved at the best process was considered good, with the following average and standard deviations: area diode leakage current of 33.8nA/cm2 ±12.3nA/cm2 and periphery diode leakage current of 654pA/cm ±229pA/cm for reverse voltage of -5V, the square diode reverse resistance of 268.9G? ±97.7G? and serpentine diode reverse resistance of 35.5G? ±11.5G?, forwardbias voltage between 0.55V and 0.56V, forward series resistance of 4.7? ±1.3?, ideality factor of 1.15 ±0.03, and reverse saturation current of 1.1x10-11A for square diodes (300ìm x 300ìm). The lowest film resistivity value (Ni(Pt)Si) of 25ì?cm and sheet resistance of 3.13 ?/? were obtained for the formation of nickel monosilicide under temperature of 600ºC for 120 seconds. The cross-bridge Kelvin resistors presented contact resistivity of 15.0 ì?.cm2 ±3.3 ì?.cm2 and stable ohmic behavior for several electrical current levels. After extensive analysis about contact modeling, a computer program was elaborated in MATLAB, based on a well-known three-dimensional resistor network, which analyses the lateral current crowding effects on contact. This program was applied for contacts with nickel silicide, where a decrease up to 32% at the real contact resistivity was observed.
Thiriet, Tony. "Traitement mécaniques et thermochimiques couplés sur acier inoxydable et alliage base nickel austénitiques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL064N/document.
Full textRecent scientific work has opened new fields of application to mechanical treatments such as shot blasting or peening. Indeed, it has been shown that this treatment, performed before a nitriding treatment on the surface of ferrous alloy, lowers processing temperatures and significantly increases the diffusion kinetics. We undertook to test this combination of mechanical and thermochemical treatments on stainless steels and nickel-based alloys. The mechanical treatments were done by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT). This method is implemented in a box where metal or ceramic balls were introduced and set in motion by an ultrasound system in order to impact the surface of the pieces. The treated samples were then nitrided at low temperature by using a remote plasma. The comparison of the results obtained after nitriding treatments on mechanically treated samples and those not mechanically treated allows quantifying the effects of the combined treatments. Analyses by X-ray diffraction, microhardness measurement, observations by optical and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, texture analysis by EBSD (Electron Diffraction BackScatered) and measurement of nitrogen concentration profiles by SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) show the importance of the nature of the deformed layer
Berke, Peter. "Numerical modeling of the surface and the bulk deformation in a small scale contact: application to the nanoindentation interpretation and to the micro-manipulation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210393.
Full textL’adaptation des surfaces pour des fonctions prédéterminées par le choix des matériaux métalliques ou des couches minces ayant des propriétés mécaniques avancées peut potentiellement permettre de réaliser des nouvelles applications à petites échelles. Concevoir de telles applications utilisant des nouveaux matériaux nécessite en premier lieu la connaissance des propriétés mécaniques des matériaux ciblés à l’échelle microscopique et nanoscopique. Une méthode souvent appliquée pour caractériser les matériaux à petites échelles est la nanoindentation, qui peut être vue comme une mesure de dureté à l’échelle nanoscopique.
Ce travail présente une contribution relative à l'interprétation des résultats de la nanoindentation, qui fait intervenir un grand nombre de phénomènes physiques couplés à l'aide de simulations numériques. A cette fin une approche interdisciplinaire, adaptée aux phénomènes apparaissant à petites échelles, et située à l’intersection entre la physique, la mécanique et la science des matériaux a été utilisée. Des modèles numériques de la nanoindentation ont été conçus à l'échelle atomique (modèle discret) et à l'échelle des milieux continus (méthode des éléments finis), pour étudier le comportement du nickel pur. Ce matériau a été choisi pour ses propriétés mécaniques avancées, sa résistance à l'usure et sa bio-compatibilité, qui peuvent permettre des applications futures intéressantes à l'échelle nanoscopique, particulièrement dans le domaine biomédical. Des méthodes avancées de mécanique du solide ont été utilisées pour prendre en compte les grandes déformations locales du matériau (par la formulation corotationelle), et pour décrire les conditions de contact qui évoluent au cours de l'analyse dans le modèle à l'échelle des milieux continus (traitement des conditions de contact unilatérales et tangentielles par une forme de Lagrangien augmenté).
L’application des modèles numériques a permis de contribuer à l’identification des phénomènes qui gouvernent la nanoindentation du nickel pur. Le comportement viscoplastique du nickel pur pendant nanoindentation a été identifié dans une étude expérimentale-numérique couplée, et l'effet cumulatif de la rugosité et du frottement sur la dispersion des résultats de la nanoindentation a été montré par une étude numérique (dont les résultats sont en accord avec des tendances expérimentales).
Par ailleurs, l’utilisation de l’outil numérique pour une autre application à petites échelles, la manipulation des objets par contact, a contribué à la compréhension de la variation de l’adhésion électrostatique pendant micromanipulation. La déformation plastique des aspérités de surface sur le bras de manipulateur (en nickel pur) a été identifiée comme une source potentielle d’augmentation importante de l'adhésion pendant la micromanipulation, qui peut potentiellement causer des problèmes de relâche et de précision de positionnement, observés expérimentalement.
Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse montrent que des simulations numériques basées sur la physique du problème traité peuvent expliquer des tendances expérimentales et contribuer à la compréhension et l'interprétation d'essais couramment utilisé pour la caractérisation aux petites échelles. Le travail réalisé dans cette thèse s’inscrit dans un projet de recherche appelé "mini-micro-nano" (mµn), financé par la Communauté Française de Belgique dans le cadre de "l'Action de Recherche Concertée", convention 04/09-310.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Machin, Justine. "Principes de gouvernance d’entreprise minière et réalités culturelles : recherche d’une convergence au service de la performance : relations de travail et enjeux culturels dans le secteur minier en Nouvelle-Calédonie – Le cas de la Société le Nickel." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NCAL0003.
Full textThe struggles of legi timacy and of forces inter-community present in New Caledoniaare not simple to analyze both from a societal point of view that organizational. They are part of a logic where ethnie cleavage and political clivide meet and intertwine. We tried to disentangle the skein to analyze inter-community interactions at the societal leve! and labour relations in the company. We have sought to show that the reproduction of the Caledonian complexity of individual and collective identity positioning within SLN influences the perception of organizational climate and mediates the effects of the climate of organization on the commitment to work and thecompany. This has led to raise iclentity a ppropriations that each individual is with the characteristics of its community, relying on simple as elements for example : the report at the time,the inter-inclividual soliclarity, the report to the author it y, the satisfaction of personal goals.All this constitutes elements that relate to the operation of the compan y and its culture, which is basee! on the ru les of operation, objecti ves, innovation and support. The results of our field research showed thal the interaction between iclentity sets a nd the hierarchical stat us of the employee is more discriminating to explain the commitment of employees
Alkelae, Fathia. "Etude en fretting usure sous hautes températures d'un contact Waspaloy/René125 : formation et stabilité des "glaze layers"." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC015/document.
Full textNickel based alloys are the most developed materials nowadays for applications at high temperature, as in aeronautics, nuclear…The aim of this study is to understand their behavior at high temperature under fretting wear solicitations. Thereby, we had focused on a tribosystem formed of Waspaloy/René 125, which represent the crankcase/blade contact of the low pressure Turbine. We started studying the temperature effect, it is been noticed that above T = 400°C, a lubricant tribofilm, called the Glaze Layer is generated at the interface of the contact, which enable an abrupt reduction in friction and wear rate. The temperature was than fixed at 700°C (service temperature), so the glaze layer stability was analyzed as a function of contact pressure, sliding amplitude, frequency and number of cycles imposed. This analysis shows a bilinear wear evolution, characterized by a fast initial wear related to the formation of the glaze layer, followed by almost no wear once the glaze layer is formed. This study showed that the wear rate related to the glaze layer formation is dependent of the sliding velocity. Above a sliding velocity threshold, the formation of a stabilized glaze layer is quite difficult. A Master curve is here established. Microscopic and spectroscopic investigations are conducted to analyze the interface based on interrupted tests of a very short duration. Leading to a precise description of the glaze layer formation mechanisms. At the end of this study, a comparative analysis of different coatings developed to improve these components behavior, in the framework of INNOLUB project was established, allowing choosing the coating offering the best tribological properties and lifetime
Sivade, Alain. "EVALUATION DE PHOSPHINO-TRIS(m-METAPHENYLSULFONATES) EN CATALYSE D'OLIGOMERISATION ET DE TELOMERISATION AU CONTACT DE COMPLEXES DU NICKEL OU DU PALLADIUM." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30221.
Full textSivade, Alain. "Evaluation de phosphino-tris(m-phénylsulfonates) en catalyse, d'oligomérisation et de télomérisation au contact de complexes du nickel ou du palladium." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376099679.
Full textBroue, Adrien. "Analyse multi physique des sources de défiabilisation du microcontact électrique à destination des interrupteurs MEMS." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1985/.
Full textResearch on electrical contact characterization for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches has been driven by the necessity to reach a high-reliability level for micro-switch applications. One of the main failure observed when aging devices with gold contacts is the increase of the electrical contact resistance. It is related to degradations of the surface topography caused by heating, adhesion forces, etc. In this paper we investigate the performance of gold and an alternative material, ruthenium, using a methodology dedicated to MEMS contacts: a nanoindenter is used to actuate mechanically the structure, providing an accurate control of the force applied and of the resulting displacement. The electrical resistance is measured by cross rods technique "four wires" to avoid any measurement of the wire access resistances. A high resolution source meter with programmed voltage compliance and micro voltmeter is used. The test vehicles are surface micromachined on silicon substrate. Dedicated tests and modelling are presented with 5 microm² square bumps under mechanical load (until 250microN) and electrical current (1mA-100mA). Analyses of contact force dependence, temperature dependence, adhesion forces, evolution of the contact area, creep behavior and topological modifications are discussed. Regarding the results, better understanding of micro-contact behavior related to the impact of current at low- to medium-power levels is obtained. Contact heating until the softening temperature is found to be the main factor leading to shift of mechanical properties of contact materials and topological modifications. Finally an enhanced stability of the bimetallic contact was demonstrated considering sensitivity to power increase
Kubecka, Petr. "Etude du comportement d'alliages passivables, acier duplex et alliage fer-nickel, soumis a l'action combinée du frottement et de la corrosion." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0584.
Full textKochem, Amelie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de complexes de coordination contenant des ligands redox-actifs." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859702.
Full textCardenas, Antonio. "Membranes hybrides contenant des complexants phosphates : synthèse, caractérisation et étude du tranport des ions." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20181.
Full textMontesso, Murilo. "Vidros óxidos de metais pesados contendo nanopartículas de metais de transição, para aplicações em fotônica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6526.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
This work consists on the preparation and characterization of the optical, thermal and structural properties of glasses and nano-glass-ceramics based on heavy metal oxide glasses, containing different transition metal elements (Ni and Ag). We studied the follow vitreous compositions: 100-x(30SbPO4-50WO3-20PbO)-xNiCl2 (x= 0 - 10 % mol) and 100-x(SbPO4-WO3-PbO-4NiCl2)-xAgCl (x= 0 - 20 % mol). The glasses were prepared in platinum crucibles using the melting-quenching methodology. Thermal characterization was carried out using DSC technique, while the structural characterization was done using the X-ray diffraction, Infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. Optical properties were determined using UV-Vis, luminescence, Zscan and M-lines spectroscopy. Chemical analysis and the morphology of nanoparticles were studied by EDX and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. In order to induce controlled crystallization into the glassy matrix, heat treatments above Tg in both vitreous systems were performed. Samples containing only nickel have been studied by Luminescence and Z-Scan techniques to study the emission in the near infrared region and determine the nonlinear refractive index, respectively. Luminescence results obtained for the system 100-x(SbPO4-WO3-PbO)- xNiCl2 show infrared broad band emission into the range from 1.2 to 1.8 µm arising from Ni2+ transition in octahedral sites. Controlled thermal annealing leads to formation of NiO nanoparticles. Samples in the system 100-x(SbPO4-WO3-PbO- 4NiCl2)-xAgCl, when submitted to thermal annealing leads to crystallization of metallic silver nanoparticles with different sizes which is depending on the time of treatment. No changes in the optical spectra, concerning the Ni2+ transition were observed after thermal treatment.
Este trabalho consiste na preparação e caracterização óptica, térmica e estrutural de vidros e nano-vitro-cerâmicas à base de óxidos de metais pesados, contendo diferentes elementos de transição (Ni e Ag). Foram estudadas as seguintes composições vítreas: 100-x(30SbPO4-50WO3-20PbO)-xNiCl2 (x= 0 10 % em mol) e 100-x(28,67SbPO4-48,67WO3-18,67PbO-4NiCl2)-xAgCl (x= 0 20 % em mol). Os vidros foram preparados em cadinhos de platina, através do processo fusão seguido por choque-térmico. A caracterização térmica foi realizada utilizando-se a técnica DSC, enquanto que a caracterização estrutural foi realizada utilizando-se a difração de Raios-X, espectroscopia Raman e Infravermelho. As propriedades ópticas foram determinadas utilizando-se a espectroscopia na região UV-Vis, luminescência, varredura Z e espectroscopia M-lines, por outro lado, a morfologia e análise química foram realizadas usando um microscópio de transmissão e análise por EDX. Com intuito de induzir a cristalização das nanopartículas no interior da matriz vítrea, realizou-se um tratamento térmico controlado acima de Tg em ambos os sistemas vítreos. Os resultados de luminescência mostram que os vidros do sistema 100- x(SbPO4-WO3-PbO)-xNiCl2 apresentam emissão de banda larga na região do infravermelho próximo entre 1,2 e 1,8 µm provenientes das transições dos íons Ni2+ em ambiente octaédrico. O tratamento térmico controlado leva a formação de nanopartículas de NiO. As amostras do sistema 100-x(SbPO4-WO3-PbO-4NiCl2)- xAgCl quando submetidas a tratamento térmico leva à formação de nanopartículas de prata metálica com diferentes dimensões dependendo do tempo de tratamento térmico. Não ocorre alteração nas bandas de absorção referentes ao Ni2+ após o tratamento térmico.
Järnberg, Linn. "Prospects for a sustainable agricultural transformation in Ethiopia : green niche actors navigating a challenging institutional context." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131718.
Full textBarreto-, Phan Hoang Maria-Luisa. "Transformations structurales dans des aciers contenant 12% de chrome et 5 ou 7% de nickel incidence de l'austénite de réversion sur les propriétés mécaniques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375957633.
Full textSouchet, Raphaële. "Etude du rôle du fer et du manganèse lors de l'oxydation d'alliages cuivre-nickel industriels." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES020.
Full textKyewski, Elias [Verfasser], and Nicole [Akademischer Betreuer] Krämer. "The hostile media effect 2.0 : influences of social networking sites on the (hostile) perception of news content / Elias Kyewski ; Betreuer: Nicole Krämer." Duisburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1171704968/34.
Full textKyewski, Elias [Verfasser], and Nicole C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Krämer. "The hostile media effect 2.0 : influences of social networking sites on the (hostile) perception of news content / Elias Kyewski ; Betreuer: Nicole Krämer." Duisburg, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20181105-104443-8.
Full textEvans, Jr Hudman. "Comparison of Resource Use by Invasive Black Carp and Native Fish Using Isotopic Niche and Diet Analyses." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2727.
Full textKe, Jinghan. "ALTERNATIVE AGRI-FOOD NETWORKS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT : THE CASE OF CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF SANNONG." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244506.
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