Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ni-Mn-Ga System

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Ni-Mn-Ga System'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ni-Mn-Ga System"

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Ma, Yunqing, Shuiyuan Yang, Yan Zhou, Cuiping Wang, and Xingjun Liu. "A new ternary compound (Ni, Mn)2Ga in Ni–Mn–Ga system." Intermetallics 18, no. 11 (November 2010): 2105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2010.06.017.

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Mahendran, Manickam, Jorge Feuchtwanger, and Robert C. O'Handley. "Acoustic Energy Absorption in Ferromagnetic Ni-Mn-Ga Shape Memory Alloy Polymer Composites." Advanced Materials Research 52 (June 2008): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.52.87.

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The single crystal Ni-Mn-Ga and Ni-Mn-Ga particulate composites have responded to mechanical stress up to 1 kHz frequencies with significant acoustic attenuation. It has been observed that in Ni-Mn-Ga polymer composites, a heavy static load on both the ends of the system increases the acoustic stress amplitude and appears to have acoustic loss drops. The attenuation, as a function of frequency shows resonances in the displacement of the vibrating particle indicating the twin boundary motions. It is inferred that the resonances beyond the principal mode are highly damped in the Ni-Mn-Ga composite samples.
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Gupta, K. P. "The Ga-Mn-Ni (Gallium-Manganese-Nickel) System." Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion 29, no. 1 (August 23, 2007): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11669-007-9017-x.

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Ma, Yun Qing, Shui Yuan Yang, Ryosuke Kainuma, Kiyohito Ishida, Cui Ping Wang, and Xing Jun Liu. "Experimental Investigations of the High-Temperature Phase Relationship and Ordering Transition in Ni-Mn-Ga Ternary System." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1695.

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The phase equilibria at 900 °C and B2/L21 order-disorder transition in the Ni-Mn-Ga ternary system were investigated by analyzing the equilibrated alloys and diffusion couples using a combination of techniques. It was confirmed that a bcc single phase region exists in a wide composition range at 900 °C, and the critical temperatures of B2/L21 order-disorder transition were determined in Ni-50 at.% section, which exhibits a maximal ordering transition temperature of 796 at Mn content of 25 at.%. The obtained results will be helpful for the preparation and annealing of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys in the specific temperature.
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Mahalakshmi, Chelliah, Racil Jeya Geetha, Shanmugam Vinodh Kumar, Sonai Seenithurai, and Manickam Mahendran. "Attenuation of dilatational wave in ferromagnetic shape memory alloy polyurethane polymer composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 19 (November 13, 2016): 2727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316677848.

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The ferromagnetic shape memory alloy polyurethane, Ni-Mn-Ga-PU, polymer composites absorb more mechanical energy than the conventional materials used for vibration damping applications. The vibration damping has been investigated using the custom-made experimental setup. The computed resonance peak values are in agreement with the experimental data. The dilatational wave decreases at high frequencies which is consistent with the theory of resonance frequency. The previously free end of the system increases the amplitude stress for an appreciable static load but loss appears to be very small. The 20% ferromagnetic shape memory alloy in polyurethane absorbs much more energy than the pure polyurethane due to the movement of twin boundaries present in Ni-Mn-Ga. The Ni-Mn-Ga-PU polymer composites of this nature can be a suitable candidate for acoustic attenuation applications.
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Chernenko, V. A., V. V. Kokorin, O. M. Babii, and I. K. Zasimchuk. "Phase diagrams in the NiMnGa system under compression." Intermetallics 6, no. 1 (January 1998): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-9795(97)00050-2.

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Jiang, Lei, Yanbo Dong, and Zhen Cui. "Adsorption of Metal Atoms on SiC Monolayer." Inorganics 11, no. 6 (May 30, 2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11060240.

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The electronic, magnetic, and optical behaviors of metals (M = Ag, Al, Au, Bi, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mn, Na, Ni) adsorbed on the SiC monolayer have been calculated based on density functional theory (DFT). The binding energy results show that all the M-adsorbed SiC systems are stable. All the M-adsorbed SiC systems are magnetic with magnetic moments of 1.00 μB (Ag), 1.00 μB (Al), 1.00 μB (Au), 1.01 μB (Bi), 1.95 μB (Ca), 1.00 μB (Co), 4.26 μB (Cr), 1.00 μB (Cu), 2.00 μB (Fe), 1.00 μB (Ga), 0.99 μB (K), 1.00 μB (Li), 3.00 μB (Mn), and 1.00 μB (Na), respectively, except for the Ni-adsorbed SiC system. The Ag, Al, Au, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Mn, and Na-adsorbed SiC systems become magnetic semiconductors, while Bi, Ca, Co, K, and Li-adsorbed SiC systems become semimetals. The Bader charge results show that there is a charge transfer between the metal atom and the SiC monolayer. The work function of the K-adsorbed SiC system is 2.43 eV, which is 47.9% lower than that of pristine SiC and can be used in electron-emitter devices. The Bi, Ca, Ga, and Mn-adsorbed SiC systems show new absorption peaks in the visible light range. These results indicate that M-adsorbed SiC systems have potential applications in the field of spintronic devices and solar energy conversion photovoltaic devices.
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Chernenko, Volodymyr A., O. Babii, Victor A. L'vov, and Paul G. McCormick. "Martensitic Transformations in Ni-Mn-Ga System Affected by External Fields." Materials Science Forum 327-328 (January 2000): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.327-328.485.

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Wedel, C., and K. Itagaki. "High-temperature phase relations in the ternary Ga-Mn-Ni system." Journal of Phase Equilibria 22, no. 3 (May 2001): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/105497101770338833.

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Sokolovskaya, Yulia, Olga Miroshkina, Danil Baigutlin, Vladimir Sokolovskiy, Mikhail Zagrebin, Vasilly Buchelnikov, and Alexey T. Zayak. "A Ternary Map of Ni–Mn–Ga Heusler Alloys from Ab Initio Calculations." Metals 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060973.

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In the search for new magnetic functional materials, non-stoichiometric compounds remain a relatively unexplored territory. While experimentalists create new compositions looking for improved functional properties, their work is not guided by systematic theoretical predictions. Being designed for perfect periodic crystals, the majority of first-principles approaches struggle with the concept of a non-stoichiometric system. In this work, we attempt a systematic computational study of magnetic and structural properties of Ni–Mn–Ga, mapped onto ternary composition diagrams. Compositional stability was examined using the convex hull analysis. We show that the cubic austenite has its stability region close to the stoichiometric Ni2MnGa, in agreement with experimental data, while the tetragonal martensite spreads its stability over a wider range of Mn and Ni contents. The unstable compositions in both austenite and martensite states are located in the Ga-rich corner of the ternary diagram. We note that simultaneous stability of the austenite and martensite should be considered for potentially stable compounds suitable for synthesis. The majority of compounds are predicted to be ferrimagnetically ordered in both austenitic and martensitic states. The methodology used in this work is computationally tractable, yet it delivers some predictive power. For experimentalists who plan to synthesize stable Ni–Mn–Ga compounds with ferromagnetic order, we narrow the target compositional range substantially.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ni-Mn-Ga System"

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Ener, Semih [Verfasser], Winfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Petry, Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfleiderer, and J. Leo van [Akademischer Betreuer] Hemmen. "Lattice Dynamics in Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy System Ni-Mn-Ga / Semih Ener. Gutachter: Christian Pfleiderer ; J. Leo van Hemmen ; Winfried Petry. Betreuer: Winfried Petry." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031075739/34.

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Bai, Jing. "Study on structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga and Ni-Mn-In ferromagnetic shape memory alloy systems." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ016S/document.

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Les Alliages à Mémoire de Forme Ferromagnétiques (AMFF) sont de nouveaux matériaux intelligents qui présentent des déformations induites par l’application d’un champ magnétique pouvant aller jusqu’à 10%. Ainsi, ils ont un fort potentiel pour de nombreuses applications technologiques. En outre, les couplages forts entre le champ magnétique et la structure dans ces matériaux rendent le phénomène « mémoire » très intéressant d'un point de vue scientifique. Ce travail présente une investigation de ces matériaux via des calculs ab initio effectues en utilisant la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT) a l’aide du logiciel VASP. Dans les alliages stœchiométriques du type Ni2XY (X = Mn, Fe, Co, Y = Ga, In), les paramètres structuraux, les distances interatomiques, les moments magnétiques partiels et totaux augmentent graduellement avec le nombre d’électrons de valence de l’élément X alors que le module de compressibilité varie en sens inverse. Les énergies de formation des composes indiquent une tendance a la déstabilisation de l’alliage si les atomes de Mn sont substitues par des atomes de Fe ou de Co mais également si les atomes de Ga sont remplacés par des atomes d’In. La liaison forte entre les atomes de Ni dans Ni2MnGa est remplacée par des liaisons entre les atomes de Ni et de X dans les autres alliages. Pour les alliages non-stoechiométriques Ni2XY (X = Mn, Fe, Co, Y = Ga, In), des énergies de formation de plusieurs types de défauts (permutations atomiques, enrichissement et appauvrissement en un ou plusieurs éléments, lacunes) ont été calcules. Dans la plupart des cas, les atomes en excès occupent les sites de l’atome déficient, sauf dans le cas d’un compose pauvre en Ni et riche en Y. Dans ce dernier cas, la paire de défauts (YX + Xni) est énergétiquement plus favorable. La valeur du moment magnétique dépend de manière très sensible de la distance entre les atomes de Ni et X. Les effets de l'addition de Co sur les propriétés de l’alliage Ni8-xMn4Ga4Cox (x=0-2) ont été étudiés. Les atomes de Co occupent préférentiellement les sites Ni. Les énergies de formation calculées indiquent une instabilité structurale augmentant avec la teneur en Co pour les deux phases : austénite paramagnétique (AP) et ferromagnétique (AF). La différence d'énergie totale entre ces 2 phases AP et AF augmente également avec la teneur en Co, qui se traduit par une élévation de la température de Curie Tc quand le Ni est substitue par le Co. La complémentarité et le couplage des aspects fondamentaux tels que la cristallographie, la stabilité de phase, et la structure électronique dans les AMFF de type Ni-X-Y (X = Mn, Fe, Co, Y = Ga, In) ont une grande importance pour améliorer les performances fonctionnelles et permettront de concevoir de nouveaux AMFF prometteurs
Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) are novel smart materials which exhibit magnetic field induced strains of up to 10 %. As such they have potential for many technological applications. Also, the strong magnetostructural couplings of the FMSM effect make the phenomenon very interesting from a scientific point of view. In the present work, a series of first–principles calculations have been performed within the framework of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) using the Vienna Ab initio Software Package (VASP). In the stoichiometric Ni2XY (X=Mn, Fe, Co; Y=Ga, In) alloys, lattice parameters, atomic separations, total and partial magnetic moments decrease gradually with the increase in the X atomic number; whereas the bulk modulus displays an opposite tendency. The formation energy indicates a destabilization tendency if Mn is substituted by Fe or Co, or Ga is replaced by In. The strong bond between neighboring Ni atoms in Ni2MnGa is replaced by the bond between Ni and X atoms in other alloys. For the off-stoichiometric Ni2XY (X=Mn, Fe, Co; Y=Ga, In), the formation energies of several kinds of defects (atomic exchange, antisite, vacancy) were calculated. For most cases of the site occupation, the excess atoms of the rich component directly occupy the site(s) of the deficient one(s), except for Y-rich Ni-deficient composition. In the latter case, the defect pair (YX + XNi) is energetically more favorable. The value of Ni magnetic moment sensitively depends on the distance between Ni and X atoms. The effects of Co addition on the properties of Ni8-xMn4Ga4Cox (x=0-2) FSMAs were systematically investigated. The added Co atoms preferentially occupy the Ni sites. The calculated formation energies indicate a structural instability with the increase in the Co content for both paramagnetic (PA) and ferromagnetic austenite (FA). The total energy difference between PA and FA increases, which results in the rise of Tc when Ni is replaced by Co. Insights into fundamental aspects such as crystallography, phase stability, and electronic structure in Ni-X-Y (X=Mn, Fe, Co; Y=Ga, In) FSMAs are of great significance to improve the functional performances and to design new promising FSMAs
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Sharma, Amit. "Evolution of Crystallographic Texture and Microstructure in Sputter Deposited NiMnGa Thin Films and Their Influence on Magnetic Properties." Thesis, 2015. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4543.

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Shape memory alloys are the promising candidate materials for sensing and actuator-based applications. Amongst a variety of shape memory alloys, NiMnGa based magnetic shape memory alloys are technologically most important owing to their superior properties such as large recoverable strain, low field actuation and fast response. In the present study, a systematic study has been performed to understand the effect of growth conditions and substrate selection on the texture, microstructure and magnetic properties of sputter deposited NiMnGa thin films. The film deposited in Zone T condition (500 °C) on Silicon (100) are polycrystalline with preferred out of plane orientation. A gradual transition of crystallographic texture from (220) to (400) fiber with increase in sputtering power has been observed and is correlated with the minimization of surface and strain energies in the films. The higher grain size and better packing density in the film deposited at higher sputtering power have led to superior magnetic properties in terms of lower value saturation field and coercivity. The films deposited under Zone 2 condition (650 °C) on silicon (100) substrate showed the development of a bi-axial texture with both out-of-plane and in-plane preferred orientation. In-depth structural investigations reveal excellent crystal quality in these films with rocking curve measurements. The cube on cube orientation relationship films and the substrate further confirms the bi-axial alignment of unit cell due to imperfect epitaxial growth of the film. Three levels of microstructural hierarchy and formation of epitaxial Ni-Si at the interface are some of the key results from high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies. For the first time, a four-step phase transformation sequence ‘austenite → pre-martensite → martensite → intermediate martensite’ has been observed by temperature dependent magnetization and in-situ high/low temperature X-ray diffraction studies. NiMnGa films deposited on Al2O3 (112 ̅0) substrate under Zone T condition shows bi-axially oriented film with multiple variants. The TEM investigations reveals the presence of secondary nano-twins formed by adaptive modulation within the primary martensitic twins. The presence of six satellite spots within the main diffraction spots confirms the presence of seven modulated orthorhombic martensite phase in the as-deposited film. Overall development of bi-axial texture and epitaxial like growth in the films has been attributed to optimum growth conditions and suitable selection of substrate with low lattice mismatch with the film (0.7%). The last part of the work is dedicated to the epitaxially grown films on Al2O3 (112 ̅0) and MgO (100) substrates under Zone 2 condition. The minimization of lattice strain due to lower lattice mismatch between film and substrate and higher mobility of ad-atoms led to the development of such high-quality films. The coexistence of non-modulated and seven modulated martensite phases observed with TEM imaging provides a clear evidence of adaptive modulation of martensite in the as-deposited film. The magnetic field induced reorientation of martensitic variants (MIR) has been observed as an abrupt change in the slope of magnetic hysteresis.
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Book chapters on the topic "Ni-Mn-Ga System"

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Okamoto, Nariaki, Takashi Fukuda, Tomoyuki Kakeshita, and Tetsuya Takeuchi. "Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy and Twinning Stress of 10M and 2M Martensites in Ni-Mn-Ga System." In Materials Science Forum, 195–200. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-996-2.195.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ni-Mn-Ga System"

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Faidley, LeAnn E., Marcelo J. Dapino, and Gregory N. Washington. "Strain Model for Ni-Mn-Ga With Collinear Field and Stress." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79092.

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Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys in the Ni-Mn-Ga system exhibit large reversible deformations of up to 9.5% in response to magnetic fields. Prior experimental measurements by the authors demonstrated large reversible strains of −0.41% along the [001] crystal direction of a cylindrical Ni50Mn28.7Ga21.3 rod driven with a magnetic field along the same direction and no external restoring force. This represents an unusual configuration which can lead to solenoid transducers with enhanced energy density and bandwidth relative to standard electromagnet devices. The paper builds on a previous thermodynamic framework which accurately quantifies several reversible and irreversible effects in the polarization of ferroic materials. The switching between two variant orientations in the presence of Zeeman energy and pinning energy is formulated through a Gibbs energy functional for the crystal lattice. The presence of nonhomogeneous local interaction fields, nonhomogeneous pinning distributions, and complex crystallographic features in real Ni-Mn-Ga alloys is addressed through stochastic homogenization techniques. Attributes of the model are illustrated through comparison of model results with experimental data.
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Kohl, Manfred, Berthold Krevet, Srinivasa R. Yeduru, Yossi Ezer, and Alexei Sozinov. "A Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Foil Actuator." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3652.

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This paper presents experimental and simulation results on the performance of a new kind of linear actuator making use of the magnetic shape memory (MSM) effect. The actuation material is a Ni-Mn-Ga foil of 200 μm thickness that has been fabricated from a bulk Ni-Mn-Ga (100) single crystal consisting of 10 M martensite variants at room temperature. Stress-strain experiments on tensile test structures demonstrate that the stress needed for reorientation of martensite variants is about 1.2 MPa. The low twinning stress allows magnetic-field induced variant switching, the basic mechanism of MSM actuation. A Ni-Mn-Ga foil actuator is fabricated by lithography and hybrid integration. The actuator shows a maximum magneto strain of 4.9%, which is limited by the constraints of fixation and loading. Upon tensile loading at 1.5 MPa, linear actuation cycles are generated with an actuation stroke of 2.2%. The linear actuator is used as a benchmark system for modeling the coupled magneto-mechanical behavior of MSM actuation. We present finite element simulations based on a thermodynamic Gibbs free energy model that describes the observed tensile stress-dependence of magneto strain in many respects.
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Auernhammer, Daniel, Manfred Kohl, Berthold Krevet, and Makoto Ohtsuka. "Intrinsic Position Sensing of a Ni-Mn-Ga Microactuator." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-378.

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This paper presents an investigation of the intrinsic magnetoresistance of a ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) microactuator for position sensing. The microactuator is designed as a double-beam cantilever of a polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga thin film, which exhibits both, a martensitic transformation in the temperature range 333–359 K and a ferromagnetic transition at about 370 K. The microactuator is placed in the inhomogeneous magnetic field of a miniature Nd-Fe-B magnet causing a mixed thermo-magneto-resistance effect upon actuation. The maximum in-plane magnetic field is about 0.38 Tesla. In this case, the maximum magnetoresistance (MR) is 0.19%.
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Kiang, Jademond, and Liyong Tong. "Characterization of Ni-Mn-Ga Shape Memory Single Crystals for Magnetic Properties and Magnetic Field Induced Shear and Normal Strains." In ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2016-9133.

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This paper presents a novel experimental apparatus and a test method for measuring simultaneously quasi-static average longitudinal and shear magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS) of Ni-Mn-Ga single crystals. The apparatus consists of an aluminum casing, a weight-controlled plunger, two displacement probes (one vertical and one lateral), and a torsion guide etc. Three Ni-Mn-Ga square prism samples were tested. Twin boundary bands were clearly visible after the application of magnetic field. A range of material properties were measured. These include: (a) magnetic anisotropy constant; (b) single variant magnetization curves for the easy and hard axes; (c) nonlinear compressive stress-strain curves for all three samples at room temperature; and (d) average longitudinal and shear MFIS curves versus magnetic field strength for three prism samples subject to various compressive external stresses.
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Bruno, Nickolaus M., Constantin Ciocanel, Heidi P. Feigenbaum, and Alex Waldauer. "A Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Dynamic Response of Ni-Mn-Ga Specimens for Energy Harvesting." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5108.

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This paper presents experimental results and model predictions on power harvesting/sensing capabilities of magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs). The theoretical predictions are made using a refined thermodynamic based constitutive model, developed initially by Kiefer and Lagoudas. In an attempt to better predict the observed experimental response of the material at high frequencies, dynamic effects are included in the simulation. Furthermore, internal magnetic and external Lorentz forces are also included in the analysis and their effect on the material’s overall response is discussed. The experimental program is carried out at frequencies of up to 40Hertz in two control modes, i.e. load and displacement control. A comparison between the simulated and experimental material response and measured voltage outputs, over a range of frequencies, is presented and discussed.
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Sarawate, Neelesh, and Marcelo Dapino. "Characterization and Modeling of Dynamic Sensing Behavior in Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloys." In ASME 2008 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2008-656.

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This paper is focused on the characterization and modeling of a commercial Ni-Mn-Ga alloy for use as a dynamic deformation sensor. The flux density is experimentally determined as a function of cyclic strain loading at frequencies from 0.2 Hz to 160 Hz. With increasing frequency, the stress-strain response remains almost unchanged whereas the flux density-strain response shows increasing hysteresis. This behavior indicates that twin-variant reorientation occurs in concert with the mechanical loading, whereas the rotation of magnetization vectors occurs with a delay as the loading frequency increases. The increasing hysteresis in magnetization must be considered when utilizing the material in dynamic sensing applications. A modeling strategy is developed which incorporates magnetic diffusion and a linear constitutive equation.
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Krevet, B., M. Kohl, and V. Pinneker. "FEM Simulation of a Magnetic Shape Memory Foil Actuator Under Different Loading Conditions." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5052.

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This paper presents a finite element model and simulation results on the performance of a novel linear actuator using the magnetic shape memory (MSM) effect in a Ni-Mn-Ga foil loaded by a mechanical spring. We present finite element simulations with a material model based on the thermodynamic Gibbs free energy in a finite element program (FEM) using beam elements, which is combined with an integral magnetic solver. The simulations qualitatively describe the observed tensile stress-dependence of magneto strain of a first demonstrator of a MSM foil actuator. We demonstrate that complete reversible cycles of the magnetic field induced strain are possible if the spring is preloaded to induce a prestress in the foil. The effect of inhomogeneous material on variant reorientation and corresponding magneto strain are discussed.
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Pagounis, Emmanouel, and Markus Laufenberg. "New Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Production and Actuator Concepts." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8042.

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Over the past decade ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMA) have been the subject of intensive R&D work due to their potential in actuators, sensors, and intelligent systems. These smart materials can elongate and contract up to 10% when subjected to moderate magnetic fields, generating thus motion and force. Typically FSMA materials are alloys of Ni-Mn-Ga with various off-stoichiometric compositions. A new production approach based on commercially available machinery is introduced in this paper. Large single crystals have been produced demonstrating homogeneous structure and excellent magneto-mechanical properties. The properties of actuator elements (sticks) are presented as well as the influence of the alloy microstructure. The FSMA elements are used to develop prototype actuator and sensor devices for industrial and automotive applications. In this respect a benchmark between an FSMA actuator and a commercially available solenoid actuator has indicated that the FSMA technology offers potential to replace several of today’s electromagnetic actuators by advanced FSMA solutions, especially when temperature requirements are met.
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