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Academic literature on the topic 'NGNRMM'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "NGNRMM"

1

Xu, Jiancong, Haiyang Wen, Chen Sun, Chengbin Yang, and Guorong Rui. "Numerical Simulation of Non-Stationary Parameter Creep Large Deformation Mechanism of Deep Soft Rock Tunnel." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 24, 2022): 5311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115311.

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The accelerated creep plays an important role in the disasters of soft-rock tunnels under high stress. However, most of previous studies only involved attenuation creep and uniform creep. Large deformation disasters of soft rock occurred during the tunneling process in the Qianzhou–Sanyangchuan Tunnel, Gusu Province, China. In the paper, we developed the nonlinear generalized Nishihara rheological model with non-stationary parameter creep (NGNRM) to simulate the accelerated creep behaviors of soft rocks under high stress, and implemented it in ABAQUS, to reveal the mechanism of large deformation of soft rock. We proposed the multi-objective back analysis method of surrounding rock mechanical parameters based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. In addition, the orthogonal test design method was used to determine the main parameters affecting the displacement of the tunnel. Using the proposed method, we can evaluate the large deformation mechanism of deep soft rock tunnels, and scientifically determine when to reinforce to prevent a large deformation disaster of the tunnel.
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2

Wang, H., T. N. McCaig, R. M. DePauw, F. R. Clarke, and J. M. Clarke. "Physiological characteristics of recent Canada Western Red Spring wheat cultivars: Components of grain nitrogen yield." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 83, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p02-166.

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Genetic yield gains have been difficult to achieve within the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) class, partially because of the requirement for high protein concentration. A previous study indicated that four newer, high-yield CWRS cultivars (registered 1994–1997) also had higher protein yields. The objective of the present study was to determine if the increase in grain nitrogen (protein) yield of the four newer wheat cultivars, relative to two older cultivars, Neepawa (registered in 1969) and Marquis (introduced in 1909), resulted from increased plant nitrogen uptake, more efficient utilization of nitrogen, or a combination of these factors. The higher nitrogen yields were primarily attributed to more efficient utilization and redistribution of the nitrogen rather than increased uptake of soil nitrogen. The nitrogen harvest index (NHI) of the new cultivars, considered as a group, was higher than the NHI of Neepawa, which in turn was higher than that of the much older cultivar Marquis. The NHI of each of the new cultivars was higher than that of Marquis. The nitrogen concentration in the non-grain tissue at maturity (NGNCM) of the new cultivars, considered as a group, was lower than that of Neepawa, which in turn was lower than the NGNCM of Marquis. At maturity, all five tissues (leaf blade, stem plus sheath, peduncle, glume, and rachis) for the new cultivars and Neepawa had lower nitrogen concentrations than for the corresponding tissues of Marquis. The nitrogen concentration of the peduncle and leaf-blade tissues of the new cultivars, as a group, were also lower at maturity than the corresponding nitrogen concentrations for Neepawa. The results suggest that low non-grain nitrogen concentration at harvest is associated with improved NHI and grain nitrogen yield in CWRS wheat. This information may improve our understanding of the higher protein yields that have been achieved within this class, and assist in the selection of future parents. Key words: Nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen yield, protein, remobilization, Triticum aestivum
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Villalobos-González, Antonio, Cándido López-Castañeda, Salvador Miranda-Colín, Víctor Heber Aguilar-Rincón, and Mónica Beatriz López-Hernández. "Relaciones hídricas en maíces de Valles Altos de la Mesa Central de México en condiciones de sequía y fertilización nitrogenada." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 7, no. 7 (August 29, 2017): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v7i7.157.

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El objetivo fue estudiar la respuesta de un grupo de maíces híbridos y criollos en las relaciones hídricas de la planta, el desarrollo del área foliar, la floración, el rendimiento de grano y sus componentes, en condiciones de riego, sequía y deficiencias de nitrógeno en un invernadero del Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo en 2013. Los tratamientos fueron: S1 sin riego 10 d (30-40 dds); S2 sin riego 20 d (50-70 dds); S3 sin riego 30 d (70-100 dds), con alto (AN, 160-40-20) y bajo N (BN, 80-40-20) aplicado en la siembra. La disminución del contenido hídrico edáfico (CHE) se reflejó en una reducción significativa (p≤ 0.05) de los potenciales hídrico foliar (ψ), osmótico (π) y de turgencia (P), y contenido relativo de agua (CRA) en S1, S2 y S3 con respecto a riego con AN y BN, al finalizar los tratamientos de sequía; los híbridos presentaron mayor ψ , π, P y CRA que los criollos. En todos los materiales evaluados el estrés hídrico redujo la expansión del área foliar (EAF), se retrasó la antesis y floración femenina (IA-FF), disminuyó el rendimiento de grano (RG), número de granos mazorca-1 (NGNM) y peso de 100 granos (P100G). En S1 y S2 los híbridos presentaron mayor EAF y produjeron mayor RG, NGNM, y presentaron un IA-FF más corto que los criollos con AN y BN. En R y S1 con BN, y S2 con AN y BN los híbridos presentaron mayor P100G. En S3 no se produjo grano.
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4

Holowatz, Lacy A., and W. Larry Kenney. "Oral atorvastatin therapy increases nitric oxide-dependent cutaneous vasodilation in humans by decreasing ascorbate-sensitive oxidants." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 3 (September 2011): R763—R768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00220.2011.

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Elevated low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are associated with cutaneous microvascular dysfunction partially mediated by increased arginase activity, which is decreased following a systemic atorvastatin therapy. We hypothesized that increased ascorbate-sensitive oxidant stress, partially mediated through uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) induced by upregulated arginase, contributes to cutaneous microvascular dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic (HC) humans. Four microdialysis fibers were placed in the skin of nine HC (LDL = 177 ± 6 mg/dl) men and women before and after 3 mo of a systemic atorvastatin intervention and at baseline in nine normocholesterolemic (NC) (LDL = 95 ± 4 mg/dl) subjects. Sites served as control, NOS inhibited, L-ascorbate, and arginase-inhibited+L-ascorbate. Skin blood flow was measured while local skin heating (42°C) induced NO-dependent vasodilation. After the established plateau in all sites, 20 mM ≪ngname≫ was infused to quantify NO-dependent vasodilation. Data were normalized to maximum cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) (sodium nitroprusside + 43°C). The plateau in vasodilation during local heating (HC: 78 ± 4 vs. NC: 96 ± 2% CVCmax, P < 0.01) and NO-dependent vasodilation (HC: 40 ± 4 vs. NC: 54 ± 4% CVCmax, P < 0.01) was reduced in the HC group. Acute L-ascorbate alone (91 ± 5% CVCmax, P < 0.001) or combined with arginase inhibition (96 ± 3% CVCmax, P < 0.001) augmented the plateau in vasodilation in the HC group but not the NC group (ascorbate: 96 ± 2; combo: 93 ± 4% CVCmax, both P > 0.05). After the atorvastatin intervention NO-dependent vasodilation was augmented in the HC group (HC postatorvastatin: 64 ± 4% CVCmax, P < 0.01), and there was no further effect of ascorbate alone (58 ± 4% CVCmax, P > 0.05) or combined with arginase inhibition (67 ± 4% CVCmax, P > 0.05). Increased ascorbate-sensitive oxidants contribute to hypercholesteromic associated cutaneous microvascular dysfunction which is partially reversed with atorvastatin therapy.
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5

Mariani, F. V., and R. M. Harland. "XBF-2 is a transcriptional repressor that converts ectoderm into neural tissue." Development 125, no. 24 (December 15, 1998): 5019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.24.5019.

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We have identified Xenopus Brain Factor 2 (XBF-2) as a potent neuralizing activity in an expression cloning screen. In ectodermal explants, XBF-2 converts cells from an epidermal to a neural fate. Such explants contain neurons with distinct axonal profiles and express both anterior and posterior central nervous system (CNS) markers. In striking contrast to X-ngnR-1a or X-NeuroD, ectopic expression of XBF-2 in Xenopus embryos results in an expansion of the neural plate to the ventral midline. The enlarged neural plate consists predominantly of undifferentiated neurons. XBF-2 lies downstream of the BMP antagonists noggin, cerberus, and gremlin since ectodermal explants expressing these molecules exhibit strong expression of XBF-2. While XBF-2 does not upregulate the expression of secreted neural inducers, it downregulates the transcription of BMP-4, an epidermal inducer. We show that XBF-2 acts as a transcriptional repressor and that its effects can be phenocopied with either the engrailed or hairy repressor domain fused to the XBF-2 DNA-binding domain. A fusion of the DNA-binding domain to the activator domain of VP16 blocks the effects of XBF-2 and prevents neural plate development in the embryo. This provides evidence that a transcriptional repressor can affect both regional neural development and neurogenesis in vertebrates.
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6

Franco, P. G., A. R. Paganelli, S. L. Lopez, and A. E. Carrasco. "Functional association of retinoic acid and hedgehog signaling in Xenopus primary neurogenesis." Development 126, no. 19 (October 1, 1999): 4257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.19.4257.

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Previous work has shown that the posteriorising agent retinoic acid can accelerate anterior neuronal differentiation in Xenopus laevis embryos (Papalopulu, N. and Kintner, C. (1996) Development 122, 3409–3418). To elucidate the role of retinoic acid in the primary neurogenesis cascade, we investigated whether retinoic acid treatment of whole embryos could change the spatial expression of a set of genes known to be involved in neurogenesis. We show that retinoic acid expands the N-tubulin, X-ngnr-1, X-MyT1, X-Δ-1 and Gli3 domains and inhibits the expression of Zic2 and sonic hedgehog in the neural ectoderm, whereas a retinoid antagonist produces opposite changes. In contrast, sonic and banded hedgehog overexpression reduced the N-tubulin stripes, enlarged the neural plate at the expense of the neural crest, downregulated Gli3 and upregulated Zic2. Thus, retinoic acid and hedgehog signaling have opposite effects on the prepattern genes Gli3 and Zic2 and on other genes acting downstream in the neurogenesis cascade. In addition, retinoic acid cannot rescue the inhibitory effect of Notch(ICD), Zic2 or sonic hedgehog on primary neurogenesis. Our results suggest that retinoic acid acts very early, upstream of sonic hedgehog, and we propose a model for regulation of differentiation and proliferation in the neural plate, showing that retinoic acid might be activating primary neurogenesis by repressing sonic hedgehog expression.
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7

Perron, M., K. Opdecamp, K. Butler, W. A. Harris, and E. J. Bellefroid. "X-ngnr-1 and Xath3 promote ectopic expression of sensory neuron markers in the neurula ectoderm and have distinct inducing properties in the retina." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, no. 26 (December 21, 1999): 14996–5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.26.14996.

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8

Bourguignon, C., J. Li, and N. Papalopulu. "XBF-1, a winged helix transcription factor with dual activity, has a role in positioning neurogenesis in Xenopus competent ectoderm." Development 125, no. 24 (December 15, 1998): 4889–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.125.24.4889.

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Neuronal differentiation in the vertebrate nervous system is temporally and spatially controlled by mechanisms which are largely unknown. Here we investigate the role of XBF-1, an anterior neural plate-specific winged helix transcription factor, in controlling the pattern of neurogenesis in Xenopus ectoderm. We show that, in the anterior neural plate of normal embryos, prospective neurogenesis is positioned at the anterior boundary of the XBF-1 expression domain. By misexpressing XBF-1 in the posterior neural plate we show that a high dose of XBF-1 has a dual effect; it suppresses endogenous neuronal differentiation in high expressing cells and induces ectopic neuronal differentiation in adjacent cells. In contrast, a low dose of XBF-1 does not suppress but instead, expands the domain of neuronal differentiation in the lateral and ventral sides of the embryo. XBF-1 regulates the expression of XSox3, X-ngnr-1, X-Myt-1 and X-Δ-1 suggesting that it acts early in the cascade leading to neuronal differentiation. A fusion of XBF-1 to a strong repressor domain (EnR) mimics most of the XBF-1 effects suggesting that the wild type XBF-1 is a transcriptional repressor. However, fusion of XBF-1 to a strong activation domain (E1A) specifically suppresses neuronal differentiation suggesting that XBF-1 may also work as a transcriptional activator. Based on these findings, we propose that XBF-1 is involved in positioning neuronal differentiation by virtue of its concentration dependent, dual activity, as a suppressor and an activator of neurogenesis.
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9

Wintjen, Pascal, Frederik Schrader, Martijn Schaap, Burkhard Beudert, and Christian Brümmer. "Forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen in a remote region – Part I: Measuring temporal dynamics." Biogeosciences 19, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 389–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-389-2022.

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Abstract. Long-term dry deposition flux measurements of reactive nitrogen based on the eddy covariance or the aerodynamic gradient method are scarce. Due to the large diversity of reactive nitrogen compounds and high technical requirements for the measuring devices, simultaneous measurements of individual reactive nitrogen compounds are not affordable. Hence, we examined the exchange patterns of total reactive nitrogen (ΣNr) and determined annual dry deposition budgets based on measured data at a mixed forest exposed to low air pollution levels located in the Bavarian Forest National Park (NPBW), Germany. Flux measurements of ΣNr were carried out with the Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter (TRANC) coupled to a chemiluminescence detector (CLD) for 2.5 years. The average ΣNr concentration was 3.1 µg N m−3. Denuder measurements with DELTA samplers and chemiluminescence measurements of nitrogen oxides (NOx) have shown that NOx has the highest contribution to ΣNr (∼51.4 %), followed by ammonia (NH3) (∼20.0 %), ammonium (NH4+) (∼15.3 %), nitrate NO3- (∼7.0 %), and nitric acid (HNO3) (∼6.3 %). Only slight seasonal changes were found in the ΣNr concentration level, whereas a seasonal pattern was observed for the contribution of NH3 and NOx. NH3 showed highest contributions to ΣNr in spring and summer, NOx in autumn and winter. We observed deposition fluxes at the measurement site with median fluxes ranging from −15 to −5 ngNm-2s-1 (negative fluxes indicate deposition). Median deposition velocities ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 cm s−1. In general, highest deposition velocities were recorded during high solar radiation, in particular from May to September. Our results suggest that seasonal changes in composition of ΣNr, global radiation (Rg), and other drivers correlated with Rg were most likely influencing the deposition velocity (vd). We found that from May to September higher temperatures, lower relative humidity, and dry leaf surfaces increase vd of ΣNr. At the measurement site, ΣNr concentration did not emerge as a driver for the ΣNrvd. No significant influence of temperature, humidity, friction velocity, or wind speed on ΣNr fluxes when using the mean-diurnal-variation (MDV) approach for filling gaps of up to 5 days was found. Remaining gaps were replaced by a monthly average of the specific half-hourly value. From June 2016 to May 2017 and June 2017 to May 2018, we estimated dry deposition sums of 3.8 and 4.0 kgNha-1a-1, respectively. Adding results from the wet deposition measurements, we determined 12.2 and 10.9 kgNha-1a-1 as total nitrogen deposition in the 2 years of observation. This work encompasses (one of) the first long-term flux measurements of ΣNr using novel measurements techniques for estimating annual nitrogen dry deposition to a remote forest ecosystem.
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Books on the topic "NGNRMM"

1

Ngnam chuyuen nhân sinh. [Westminster, CA: The Author], 2004.

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2

Hoàng, Ngọc Hà. Tvu ngnam: Titeu thuyret. Hà Nuoi: NXB Phụ nzu, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "NGNRMM"

1

"Next Generation Network Management (NGNM)." In Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS, 251–64. Auerbach Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15748-23.

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"Report: NGNM Framework and Adoption Strategy." In Fundamentals of EMS, NMS and OSS/BSS, 543–62. Auerbach Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15748-42.

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