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Journal articles on the topic 'Newman Society of Victoria History'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Young, B. W. "The Anglican Origins of Newman's Celibacy." Church History 65, no. 1 (March 1996): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170494.

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In his historical defense of the doctrines of the Church of England, published in 1826, Robert Southey assumed that “the question concerning the celibacy of the clergy had been set at rest throughout Protestant Europe.” The conclusion that Anglicanism necessarily entailed the rejection of celibacy was, in early-nineteenth-century England, decidedly premature, and the ambiguity over celibacy in the Church of England is starkly and exceptionally exposed in the life and work of John Henry Newman. Recent assessments of Newman's peculiar standing in Victorian society have often emphasized the sexual—or rather, the seemingly sexless—dimension of his image, as if to concur with Sydney Smith's celebrated witticism: “Don't you know, as the French say, there are three sexes—men, women, and clergymen?” The nature of specifically clerical celibacy, however, and its influence on the young Newman, have tended to be overlooked in favor of a general psychosexual understanding of his own unwillingness to marry. As an antidote to such readings, this essay will explore the distinctively Anglican and firmly intellectual tradition behind Newman's decision, and will thereby argue that his celibacy was not as “perverse”—a word which, in Victorian England, connoted conversion to Catholicism as well as sexual peculiarity—as it has sometimes been made to seem.

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TYBJERG, KARIN. "J. LENNART BERGGREN and ALEXANDER JONES, Ptolemy'sGeography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000. Pp. xiii+192. ISBN 0-691-01042-0. £24.95, $39.50 (hardback)." British Journal for the History of Science 37, no. 2 (May 24, 2004): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087404215813.

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J. Lennart Berggren and Alexander Jones, Ptolemy's Geography: An Annotated Translation of the Theoretical Chapters. By Karin Tybjerg 194Natalia Lozovsky, ‘The Earth is Our Book’: Geographical Knowledge in the Latin West ca. 400–1000. By Evelyn Edson 196David Cantor (ed.), Reinventing Hippocrates. By Daniel Brownstein 197Peter Dear, Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge and Its Ambitions, 1500–1700. By John Henry 199Paolo Rossi, Logic and the Art of Memory: The Quest for a Universal Language. By John Henry 200Marie Boas Hall, Henry Oldenburg: Shaping the Royal Society. By Christoph Lüthy 201Richard L. Hills, James Watt, Volume 1: His Time in Scotland, 1736–1774. By David Philip Miller 203René Sigrist (ed.), H.-B. de Saussure (1740–1799): Un Regard sur la terre, Albert V. Carozzi and John K. Newman (eds.), Lectures on Physical Geography given in 1775 by Horace-Bénédict de Saussure at the Academy of Geneva/Cours de géographie physique donné en 1775 par Horace-Bénédict de Saussure à l'Académie de Genève and Horace-Bénédict de Saussure, Voyages dans les Alpes: Augmentés des Voyages en Valais, au Mont Cervin et autour du Mont Rose. By Martin Rudwick 206Anke te Heesen, The World in a Box: The Story of an Eighteenth-Century Picture Encyclopedia. By Richard Yeo 208David Boyd Haycock, William Stukeley: Science, Religion and Archaeology in Eighteenth-Century England. By Geoffrey Cantor 209Jessica Riskin, Science in the Age of Sensibility: The Sentimental Empiricists of the French Enlightenment. By Dorinda Outram 210Michel Chaouli, The Laboratory of Poetry: Chemistry and Poetics in the Work of Friedrich Schlegel. By David Knight 211George Levine, Dying to Know: Scientific Epistemology and Narrative in Victorian England. By Michael H. Whitworth 212Agustí Nieto-Galan, Colouring Textiles: A History of Natural Dyestuffs in Industrial Europe. By Ursula Klein 214Stuart McCook, States of Nature: Science, Agriculture, and Environment in the Spanish Caribbean, 1760–1940. By Piers J. Hale 215Paola Govoni, Un pubblico per la scienza: La divulgazione scientifica nell'Italia in formazione. By Pietro Corsi 216R. W. Home, A. M. Lucas, Sara Maroske, D. M. Sinkora and J. H. Voigt (eds.), Regardfully Yours: Selected Correspondence of Ferdinand von Mueller. Volume II: 1860–1875. By Jim Endersby 217Douglas R. Weiner, Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia. With a New Afterword. By Piers J. Hale 219Helge Kragh, Quantum Generations: A History of Physics in the Twentieth Century. By Steven French 220Antony Kamm and Malcolm Baird, John Logie Baird: A Life. By Sean Johnston 221Robin L. Chazdon and T. C. Whitmore (eds.), Foundations of Tropical Forest Biology: Classic Papers with Commentaries. By Joel B. Hagen 223Stephen Jay Gould, I Have Landed: Splashes and Reflections in Natural History. By Peter J. Bowler 223Henry Harris, Things Come to Life: Spontaneous Generation Revisited. By Rainer Brömer 224Hélène Gispert (ed.), ‘Par la Science, pour la patrie’: L'Association française pour l'avancement des sciences (1872–1914), un projet politique pour une société savante. By Cristina Chimisso 225Henry Le Chatelier, Science et industrie: Les Débuts du taylorisme en France. By Robert Fox 227Margit Szöllösi-Janze (ed.), Science in the Third Reich. By Jonathan Harwood 227Vadim J. Birstein, The Perversion of Knowledge; The true Story of Soviet Science. By C. A. J. Chilvers 229Guy Hartcup, The Effect of Science on the Second World War. By David Edgerton 230Lillian Hoddeson and Vicki Daitch, True Genius: The Life and Science of John Bardeen, the Only Winner of Two Nobel Prizes in Physics. By Arne Hessenbruch 230Stephen B. Johnson, The Secret of Apollo: Systems Management in American and European Space Programs, John M. Logsdon (ed.), Exploring the Unknown: Selected Documents in the History of the U.S. Civil Space Program. Volume V: Exploring the Cosmos and Douglas J. Mudgway, Uplink-Downlink: A History of the Deep Space Network 1957–1997. By Jon Agar 231Helen Ross and Cornelis Plug, The Mystery of the Moon Illusion: Exploring Size Perception. By Klaus Hentschel 233Matthew R. Edwards (ed.), Pushing Gravity: New Perspectives on Le Sage's Theory of Gravitation. By Friedrich Steinle 234Ernest B. Hook (ed.), Prematurity in Scientific Discovery: On Resistance and Neglect. By Alex Dolby 235John Waller, Fabulous Science: Fact and Fiction in the History of Scientific Discovery. By Alex Dolby 236Rosalind Williams, Retooling: A Historian Confronts Technological Change. By Keith Vernon 237Colin Divall and Andrew Scott, Making Histories in Transport Museums. By Anthony Coulls 238

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3

Harding, Catherine. "University of Victoria." Florilegium 20, no. 1 (January 2003): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.20.012.

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The Medieval Studies program at the University of Victoria is an interdisciplinary unit whose members come from the Faculty of Humanities and the Faculty of Fine Arts. The idea of creating an undergraduate program in Medieval Studies was developed in 1986-87; since that date faculty members teaching in the Departments of English, French, Hispanic and Italian Studies, Greek and Roman Studies, History, Philosophy, Music, and History in Art have offered courses leading to a Major in Medieval Studies (The program began as a Minor and changed to a Major in 1994). Undergraduates are introduced to key concepts in the study of medieval culture and society in Europe, as well as the medieval Islamic world.

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4

Foley, Brian C. "John Henry Newman and the Roman Oratory." Recusant History 25, no. 1 (May 2000): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200031952.

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[It is with great regret the journal records the death, in his ninetieth year, of the longest-serving Vice-President of the Catholic Record Society. Bishop Brian Foley, D.Litt., became Vice-President in 1978 after fourteen years as President. Throughout his priestly life he was a keen supporter of the historical enterprize of the CRS. His most recent book was a study of the Jubilee Years from 1300 to 1975, published in anticipation of the Great Jubilee of the millennium. In tribute to Bishop Foley, Recusant History reissues an article by him that first appeared in the Venerabile in 1989 (vol.29, no.3). Acknowledgement is made to the Rector of the English College in Rome and to the editor of the Venerabile for their kind permission to reproduce the article in its original form.]

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5

McDaniel, Charles A., and Vance E. Woods. "Martin Luther and John Henry Newman." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 23, no. 1 (2011): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2011231/22.

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Martin Luther and John Henry Newman sought to re-envision university education at unique times in history. While Newman set out to architect a truly Catholic University that co-opted facets of the Protestant ethic without falling into the "heresies" of Lutheranism, Luther and his circle of gifted academics sought to craft a distinctly Evangelical concept of the university that would shield studentsfrom the corruption of worldly values thought to have infiltrated the Catholic Church, Those concemed with ethical, comprehensive education for all face similar challenges today. How do we create an educational system of universal accessibility without discarding the moral foundation provided by a faith-based model? Luther's and Newman's ideas suggest that private colleges and universities will serve students and society well where they remain true to their theological traditions, while public institutions contribute by taking seriously the challenge of moral education and taking advantage of available religious resources. If the basic dilemma in the postmodem university is the lack of balance between heart and mind—the moral and the pragmatic, "ought" and "is "—then Newman's dialectical approach in particular offers an excellent first step toward the restoration of that balance.

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6

Zillman, John. "Von Neumayer’s place in history a century on: closing remarks at the anniversary symposium." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 123, no. 1 (2011): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs11123.

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The Georg von Neumayer Anniversary Symposium held at the Royal Society of Victoria Hall in Melbourne on 27–30 May 2009 brought together a wide range of perspectives on the life, times and scientific achievements of one of the most remarkable figures of 19th Century Australian, German and polar science.

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7

Barringer, T. A. "The Royal Commonwealth Society." African Research & Documentation 55 (1991): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00015776.

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The Royal Commonwealth Society (previously known successively as the Colonial Society, the Royal Colonial Institute and the Royal Empire Society and now linked with the Victoria League in Commonwealth Trust), was founded in 1868 and from its early days has maintained a library which now consists of 250,000¢ items, classified geographically; a substantial proportion of this is concerned with Africa. The small library of the Royal African Society was embodied in it in 1949. Subjects covered include all but purely technical ones, ranging from history, geography and politics to art, literature and natural history.The literature of exploration and discovery is particualarly extensive and there are original editions of nearly all the significant books in this field. The Library is also strong in general accounts of voyages and travels, collected voyages, and the publications of the major relevant societies; much material on Africa appears in this form.

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8

Barringer, T. A. "The Royal Commonwealth Society." African Research & Documentation 55 (1991): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00015776.

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The Royal Commonwealth Society (previously known successively as the Colonial Society, the Royal Colonial Institute and the Royal Empire Society and now linked with the Victoria League in Commonwealth Trust), was founded in 1868 and from its early days has maintained a library which now consists of 250,000¢ items, classified geographically; a substantial proportion of this is concerned with Africa. The small library of the Royal African Society was embodied in it in 1949. Subjects covered include all but purely technical ones, ranging from history, geography and politics to art, literature and natural history.The literature of exploration and discovery is particualarly extensive and there are original editions of nearly all the significant books in this field. The Library is also strong in general accounts of voyages and travels, collected voyages, and the publications of the major relevant societies; much material on Africa appears in this form.

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9

Hulbert, Matthew Christopher. "Reimagining “Defeat” in the Transnational West: John Newman Edwards, Mexican Exile, and the Confederate Experiment 2.0." Western Historical Quarterly 52, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whab006.

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Abstract Rather than surrendering to Union forces in 1865, various bands of ex-Confederates chose Mexican exile. From generals and elite politicians to rank-and-file soldiers, the majority of these “Confederados” journeyed to French-controlled Mexico to escape punishment, to tap financial opportunities, and to observe how southern society would function post-emancipation. Still others, as represented by the cavalry officer and Quixotic newspaper editor John Newman Edwards, understood the U.S. Civil War on more international terms. To these men, Mexico constituted a new, imperially subsidized laboratory to continue the Confederate Experiment and recreate a mythic version of the Old South. Although cut short by the violent death of Emperor Maximilian I, their saga reveals not only how adaptation to Confederate defeat took different forms in the immediate postbellum period, but also the extent to which conceptions of defeat and even the purpose of the Confederacy itself had never been monolithic in the first place.

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10

Scaia, Margaret R., and Lynne Young. "Writing History: Case Study of the University of Victoria School of Nursing." International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship 10, no. 1 (June 8, 2013): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2012-0015.

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AbstractA historical examination of a nursing curriculum is a bridge between past and present from which insights to guide curriculum development can be gleaned. In this paper, we use the case study method to examine how the University of Victoria School of Nursing (UVic SON), which was heavily influenced by the ideology of second wave feminism, contributed to a change in the direction of nursing education from task-orientation to a content and process orientation. This case study, informed by a feminist lens, enabled us to critically examine the introduction of a “revolutionary” caring curriculum at the UVic SON. Our research demonstrates the fault lines and current debates within which a feminist informed curriculum continues to struggle for legitimacy and cohesion. More work is needed to illuminate the historical basis of these debates and to understand more fully the complex landscape that has constructed the social and historical position of women and nursing in Canadian society today.

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11

Obirek, Stanisław. "Nowe spojrzenie na koncepcję uniwersytetu Johna Henry’ego Newmana." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 52 (December 31, 2021): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2021.52.6.

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The article presents the concept of the university developed in the mid-nineteenth century by Cardinal John Henry Newman. Newman believed that the university should provide pure and universal knowledge. He was against the professionalization of academic education. According to Newman, the task of universities was to “introduce to life in society” and to “adapt to the world.” This idea grew out of European optimism and a deep belief that teachers and students were part of the same intellectual community. Newman’s concept retains its value because it is rooted in the legacy of humanistic ideal of the education present in the university from very beginnings of this institution. As we know from history university was a place for gaining universal knowledge. However, disturbing cracks can be seen in this idea, which is related to the commercialization and parameterization of the education process. Both lead to deep pathologies of academic life. We see these changes not only in Poland, but also in Western Europe and the United States. After the change of the political system in 1989, Polish universities were significantly degraded and the status of an academic teacher decreased dramatically. The only remedy is to restore universities to the autonomy they deserve and to move away from attempts to politicize or ideologize them

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12

Mausen, Sonja. "Athens to Aotearoa: Greece and Rome in New Zealand Literature and Society, Diana Burton, Simon Perris and Jeff Tatum (eds) (2017)." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00081_5.

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Review of: Athens to Aotearoa: Greece and Rome in New Zealand Literature and Society, Diana Burton, Simon Perris and Jeff Tatum (eds) (2017)Wellington: Victoria University Press, 361 pp.,ISBN 978 1 77656 176 6 (pbk), NZ$40

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13

Foxworth, Elise. "VICTORIA LYON BESTOR and THEODORE BESTOR (eds). Routledge Handbook of Japanese Culture and Society." Asian Studies Review 37, no. 1 (March 2013): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2013.767165.

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14

Bramadat, Paul. "The CSRS, Then and Now." Bulletin for the Study of Religion 50, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsor.21130.

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The Guild introduces you to the various associations, societies, and organizations where scholars carry out their work. In this issue, we learn about the Centre for Studies in Religion and Society at the Unviersity of Victoria. Throughout its thirty-year history, the CSRS has creatively developed space to further the academic study of religion. Special thanks to Paul Bramadat, Director and Professor, for his insights on the Centre’s history.

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15

Holt, T. G. "‘An Establishment at Salisbury’: Some Letters Concerning Catholicism in the City, 1795–1834." Recusant History 18, no. 1 (May 1986): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200020069.

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THE HISTORY of Catholicism in Salisbury from Reformation times until the earlier years of the nineteenth century has been told in so far as it is known in the Victoria County History of Wiltshire, in the volume of the Catholic Record Society devoted to recusancy in that county and in an article in The Month: ‘John Peniston's Reminiscences’.’ As an introduction to what follows the information contained in these may be briefly summarized.

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Godsäter, Andréas. "Regional Environmental Governance in the Lake Victoria Region: The Role of Civil Society." African Studies 72, no. 1 (April 2013): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2013.776198.

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17

Birch, William D. "The Wedderburn Meteorite revisited." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 131, no. 2 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs19010.

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The Wedderburn meteorite from Victoria is a small nickel-rich iron belonging to the rare sLH subgroup of the IAB complex. Donated to the Mines Department in 1950, it came to public attention in 1953 when the initial description was published by Dr Austin Edwards in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. Since then, pieces of the meteorite have been distributed to major institutions in Europe and North America, where leading researchers have investigated the meteorite’s unusual chemistry, mineralogy and microtexture in great detail. The recent approval of a new iron carbide mineral named edscottite, with the formula Fe5C2, in Wedderburn has prompted this review of the meteorite’s history, from its discovery to its current classification status.

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Cruickshank, Joanna. "Jean Yule: Women in the Church: A Memoir. Elsternwick, Victoria: The Uniting Church Historical Society, 2011; pp. viii + 218." Journal of Religious History 37, no. 1 (February 26, 2013): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12012.

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19

Hall, Frank J. "The Irish tower house: society, economy and environment, c.1300–1650. By Victoria L. McAlister. Pp 278. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 2019. £80." Irish Historical Studies 45, no. 167 (May 2021): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2021.3.

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20

Lambert, Miles. "'Sent from Town': Commissioning Clothing in Britain During the Long Eighteenth Century." Costume 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174963009x419737.

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The long period from the Restoration to the accession of Queen Victoria saw a rise in 'popular consumerism' affecting many aspects of British society and commerce, nowhere more so than in the market for textiles and clothing. Consumers were offered an increasing range of finished goods, rather than merely materials, but many of these were available only in larger towns. To access goods, customers often relied on the long-established process of commissioning at a distance through the offices of family members, friends or business contacts, acting as agents. This formed a significant channel for elite and popular consumption.

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CRITTENDEN, PAUL. "Golden Years, Grounds for Hope: Father Golden and the Newman Society 1950-1966 - Edited by Val Noone, Terry Blake, Mary Doyle and Helen Praetz." Journal of Religious History 35, no. 3 (August 17, 2011): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9809.2010.01041.x.

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22

Kantor, Harvey, and Robert Lowe. "Introduction: What Difference Did the Coleman Report Make?" History of Education Quarterly 57, no. 4 (November 2017): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2017.32.

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The Coleman ReportFor this History of Education Quarterly Policy Forum, we look at the historical significance of the 1966 Coleman Report from several different perspectives. The four main essays published here originated as presentations for a session on “Legacies of the Coleman Report in US Thought and Culture” at the History of Education Society annual meeting in Providence, Rhode Island, in November 2016. Presenters for that session— Zoë Burkholder, Victoria Cain, Leah Gordon, and Ethan Hutt—went on to participate in an HES-sponsored session entitled “Currents in Egalitarian Thought in the 1960s and 1970s: The Coleman Report in American Politics, Media, and Social Science” at the Organization of American Historians meeting in New Orleans in April 2017. Thinking that their reflections on the reception and influence of the Coleman Report in different contexts would be of broad interest to HEQ readers, we asked members of the panel to comment on each other's papers and revise them for this Forum. We then invited Harvey Kantor of the University of Utah and Robert Lowe of Marquette University to write an introduction summarizing the origins and findings of the Coleman Report, along with their own assessment of what the presenters’ essays teach us about its long-term significance. What follows are Kantor and Lowe's Introduction, “What Difference Did the Coleman Report Make?,” together with substantive essays by Zoë Burkholder of Montclair State University, Victoria Cain of Northeastern University, Leah Gordon of Amherst College, and Ethan Hutt of the University of Maryland.

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Wahrman, Dror. "“Middle-Class” Domesticity Goes Public: Gender, Class, and Politics from Queen Caroline to Queen Victoria." Journal of British Studies 32, no. 4 (October 1993): 396–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386041.

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In early 1831, the novelist Edward Bulwer-Lytton contributed a comparative essay to the Edinburgh Review on “the spirit of society” in England and France. A key issue for discussion, of course, was that of fashion. “Our fashion,” stated Bulwer-Lytton, “may indeed be considered the aggregate of the opinions of our women.” The fundamental dichotomy which ran through these pages was that between public and private: “the proper sphere of woman,” Bulwer-Lytton continued, “is private life, and the proper limit to her virtues, the private affections.” And in antithesis to the aggregate opinions of “the domestic class of women”—in his view, the only virtuous kind of women—which constituted fashion, stood “public opinion”; that exclusive masculine realm, that should remain free of “feminine influence.”Some two years later, in his two-volume England and the English, Bulwer-Lytton restated the antithesis between fashion and public opinion, both repeating his earlier formulation and at the same time significantly modifying it. By 1833, his definitions of fashion and opinion ran as follows: “The middle classes interest themselves in grave matters: the aggregate of their sentiments is called OPINION. The great interest themselves in frivolities, and the aggregate of their sentiments is termed FASHION.” Here, Bulwer-Lytton no longer designated fashion as the aggregate of the opinions of women but, instead, as the aggregate of the opinions of the upper classes; and public opinion was no longer the domain of men but, instead, the aggregate of the opinions of the “middle class.”

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Leif Basilio, Jonathan, Melanie Bassett, Purbasha Das, Kavyta Kay, Dave McLaughlin, and Chigusa Yamaura. "Book Reviews." Transfers 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2022.120110.

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Vanessa Agnew, Kader Konuk, and Jane O. Newman, eds., Refugee Routes: Telling, Looking, Protesting, Redressing (Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, 2020), 318 pp. Open access.David Lambert and Peter Merriman, Empire and Mobility in the Long Nineteenth Century (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020), 248 pp. £80.00 (hardback).David A. Turner, ed., Transport and its Place in History: Making the Connections (London: Routledge, 2020), 250 pp. eBook ISBN 9781351186636.Mia Bay, Traveling Black: A Story of Race and Resistance (Massachusetts, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2021), 391 pp. $35.00.Giada Peterle, Lines: Moving with Stories of Public Transport in Turku (Padova: Becco Giallo, 2021), 44 pp., 11Gracia Liu-Farrer, Immigrant Japan: Mobility and Belonging in an Ethno-nationalist Society (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2020), 276 pp. $39.95 illustrations. €10.00.

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Mendes, Philip, and Badal Moslehuddin. "Moving out from the state parental home: A comparison of leaving care policies in Victoria and New South Wales." Children Australia 29, no. 2 (2004): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005976.

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Young people leaving care are arguably one of the most vulnerable and disadvantaged groups in society. Compared to most young people, they face numerous barriers to accessing educational, employment and other developmental and transitional opportunities.Using information from interviews and a range of documents, this study compares the leaving care supports currently available in two Australian states, Victoria and New South Wales. Attention is drawn to the history of the leaving care debate in both states, the nature of the existing legislative and program supports for care leavers in each state, the key political and policy actors that have either helped or hindered the development of leaving care policies and services in each state, and the principal unmet needs of care leavers in each state.The findings suggest that NSW leads the way in terms of providing effective legislative and program supports to care leavers. The differences between Victoria and NSW are attributed to a number of factors including particularly the different relationships between the respective government bureaucracies and non-government child welfare sectors.

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Garvin, Tom. "Ireland and the Second World War: Politics, Society and Remembrance, Brian Girvin and Geoffrey Roberts Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross, Richard Doherty and David Truesdale." English Historical Review 116, no. 465 (February 2001): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/116.465.280.

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Garvin, T. "Ireland and the Second World War: Politics, Society and Remembrance, Brian Girvin and Geoffrey Roberts Irish Winners of the Victoria Cross, Richard Doherty and David Truesdale." English Historical Review 116, no. 465 (February 1, 2001): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/116.465.280.

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Roos, Anna Marie, and Victor D. Boantza. "Mineral waters across the Channel: matter theory and natural history from Samuel Duclos's minerallogenesis to Martin Lister's chymical magnetism, ca . 1666–86." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 69, no. 4 (September 9, 2015): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2014.0066.

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Our essay analyses a little-known book, Observations sur les eaux minerales des plusieurs provinces de France (1675), which is a study of French mineral waters, commissioned by and conducted at the French Royal Academy of Science (est. 1666). Its author, Samuel Cottereau Duclos (1598–1685), was a senior founding figure of the Academy, its chief chymist and one of its most influential members. We examine Observations with a focus on the changing attitudes towards chymical knowledge and practice in the French Academy and the Royal Society of London in the period 1666–84. Chymistry was a fundamental analytical tool for seventeenth-century natural historians, and, as the work of Lawrence Principe and William Newman has shown, it is central to understanding the ‘long’ Scientific Revolution. Much study has also been done on the developing norms of openness in the dissemination and presentation of scientific, and particularly chymical knowledge in the late seventeenth century, norms that were at odds with traditions of secrecy among individual chymists. Between these two standards a tension arose, evidenced by early modern ‘vociferous criticisms’ of chymical obscurity, with different strategies developed by individual philosophers for negotiating the emergent boundaries between secrecy and openness. Less well studied, however, are the strategies by which not just individuals but also scientific institutions negotiated these boundaries, particularly in the formative years of their public and political reputation in the late seventeenth century. Michael Hunter's recent and welcome study of the ‘decline of magic’ at the Royal Society has to some extent remedied these omissions. Hunter argues that the Society—as a corporate body—disregarded and avoided studies of magical and alchemical subjects in the late seventeenth century. Our examination problematizes these distinctions and presents a more complex picture.

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Steinberg, Mark D. "Popular Theater and Society in Tsarist Russia. By E. Anthony Swift. Studies on the History of Society and Culture, volume 44. Edited by, Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002. Pp. xv+246. $49.95." Journal of Modern History 76, no. 3 (September 2004): 734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/425485.

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Dodds, Douglas. "From analogue to digital: preserving early computer-generated art in the V&A’s collections." Art Libraries Journal 35, no. 3 (2010): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200016485.

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The Victoria and Albert Museum holds the UK’s emerging national collection of early computer-generated art and design. Many of the earliest works only survive on paper, but the V&A also holds some born-digital material. The Museum is currently involved in a project to digitise the computer art collections and to make the information available online. Artworks, books and ephemera from the Patric Prince Collection and the archives of the Computer Arts Society are included in a V&A display on the history of computer-generated art, entitled Digital pioneers. In addition, the project is contributing to the development of the Museum’s procedures for dealing with time-based media.

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Aldana, Gerardo. "Harvey M. Bricker;, Victoria R. Bricker. Astronomy in the Maya Codices. xxviii + 907 pp., illus., index. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 2011. $75 (cloth)." Isis 105, no. 1 (March 2014): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/676751.

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Newman, William R. "Newton the Alchemist: Science, Enigma, and the Quest for Nature's "Secret Fire"." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, no. 1 (March 2021): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-21newman.

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NEWTON THE ALCHEMIST: Science, Enigma, and the Quest for Nature's "Secret Fire" by William R. Newman. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019. xx + 537 pages, including four appendices and an index. Hardcover; $39.95. ISBN: 9780691174877. *If there is one person associated with developments in the physical sciences, it is Isaac Newton (1642-1727). For many, he represents the culmination of the seventeenth-century Scientific Revolution: its point of convergence and simultaneously the point from which science began to exercise its full influence on society. His work is often considered as thoroughly modern: well-designed experiments; precise and clearly articulated mathematical-physical principles which invite deductions further tested by measurement and experiment; and great discoveries in astronomy (universal law of gravitation), in optics, in mechanics, and in mathematics (the calculus). For many, Newton provided the model for physical theory for the next two hundred years. *And yet, this generally accepted description of Newton fails to capture the tension and diversity in Newton's work. The discovery of Newton's alchemical manuscripts (containing no fewer than one million words) by the economist John Maynard Keynes at an auction at Sotheby's in 1936 partially lifted the veil. In 1947, Keynes offered his rather candid assessment of Newton's alchemical work: he "was not the first of the age of reason" but rather "the last of the magicians." *However, in the last two decades, we have come to understand and appreciate that alchemy was not simply deviant behavior by "magicians" or charlatans, but rather part and parcel of the make-up of the Scientific Revolution. Alchemy, or better, chymistry, was a central part of the early modern study of nature. One of the leaders of this historiographical revolution has been William Newman, distinguished professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science and Medicine at Indiana University. [For more on this revolution, see my review of Lawrence Principe's book The Secrets of Alchemy in PSCF 66, no. 4 (2014): 258-59.] Newman has written several seminal books: for example, Atoms and Alchemy: Chymistry and the Experimental Origins of the Scientific Revolution (2006) and Promethean Ambitions: Alchemy and the Quest to Perfect Nature (2004). *Newton the Alchemist displays Newman's fifteen-year dedicated study of Newton's alchemical manuscripts. This is the book for anyone who wishes to understand the background, implementation, and experimentation characteristic of Newton's long and abiding interest in alchemy. Newman introduces us to a Newton who wished to be an adept alchemist (even as a student at the Free Grammar School in Grantham) and kept the alchemical fires burning throughout his life, not only in Trinity College at Cambridge University, but also as warden of the Royal Mint. Newman also shows that alchemy is not inherently unscientific or irrational, nor that Newton was an outlier. Such contemporary luminaries as Robert Boyle, Gottfried Leibniz, and John Locke were also involved in alchemical endeavors. *In the first chapter, "The Enigma of Newton's Alchemy: The Historical Reception," Newman addresses the claims of two of Newton's most illustrious interpreters: Richard Westfall and Betty Jo Teeter Dobbs. For Dobbs, Newton's belief in alchemical transmutation was a religious quest, with the "philosophic mercury" acting as a spirit mediating between the physical and divine realms. For Westfall, Newton's alchemical research, involving invisible forces acting at a distance, allowed him to develop his theory of universal gravitation, published in the Principia of 1687. Newman calls both claims into question based on his close reading of the extant alchemical papers, many of which Dobbs and Westfall were not able to see. Newman wishes to determine the "hidden material meaning of the text" (p. 46), rather than advance any broad metaphysical or soteriological claims on Newton's part. *In chapter 4, "Early Modern Alchemical Theory," Newman reveals how heavily influenced Newton was by European alchemists, above all by the Polish alchemist Michael Sendivogius. Drawing on their experiments, Newton, in the 1670s, developed an all-encompassing geochemical theory of nature, according to which the earth functions as "a 'great animall' or rather an 'inanimate vegetable'" (p. 64). In Newton's view, this process explained gravitation (among many other things), although he would abandon this idea when he came to write the Principia. *In collaboration with others, many at Indiana University, Newman has organized, read, and carefully compared Newton's alchemical manuscripts. [Readers can see the results at www.chymistry.org.] In his analysis, Newman employs an approach which he calls "experimental history." This involves at least two elements: (1) a careful textual linguistic analysis of alchemical manuscripts and their experimental details; and (2) an effort to repeat the experiments in a modern laboratory setting. To understand alchemical manuscripts is indeed a challenging undertaking involving an understanding of "materials, technology, and tacit practices," as well as deciphering "hidden terms or Decknamen" used for chemical substances, and the intricate symbols employed to designate them (see "Symbols and Conventions," pp. xi-xvii). *Newman repeated many of Newton's experiments, revealing many of his laboratory practices for the first time. The results are sometimes spectacular (see, for example, the colored plates 4-10 between pages 314 and 315). They clearly show how dedicated Newton was in his efforts to improve his knowledge of the natural world. Newman's final assessment: "Nowhere in Newton's scientific work can we see the same degree of combined textual scholarship and experiment that we encounter in his alchemy" (p. 498). *What may we learn from reading Newton the Alchemist? One thing for sure: that our contemporary scientific textbooks and enlightened culture celebrating Newton's "positive" results--the astronomical "System of the World" and his three laws of motion in mechanics--are a one-sided picture of Newton's work and life. By blithely neglecting his interests in alchemy, cabbalism (number mysticism), theology, chronology, and biblical prophecy, as well as Newton's deep sense of vocation (calling), they all too frequently divide his work into two predetermined categories: science and pseudo-science. It is certain that Newton's alchemy is not pseudo-science. History, and scientific practice as well, are never, if ever, so tidy. Newton's passionate pursuit of a coherent worldview is a reminder to us of the rich context in which science is embedded. Newman's book underscores the fact that science, our science too, is impelled by deep commitments, social and political factors, and personal ambition and motives. *Reviewed by Arie Leegwater, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Calvin University, Grand Rapids, MI 49546.

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Weber, Anke, Willem Hovestreydt, and Lea Rees. "Third Report on the Publication and Conservation of the Tomb of Ramesses III in the Valley of the Kings (KV 11)." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 107, no. 1-2 (June 2021): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03075133211060539.

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Since antiquity, the tomb of Ramesses III (KV 11) has been among the most frequently visited royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings. It was also one of the first to be described and documented in detail by European travellers in the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries. As large parts of the wall decoration of the tomb, especially in its rear, are now destroyed, the drawings, notes and squeezes of those early researchers who saw the site in its former splendour offer an invaluable resource for the reconstruction of the tomb’s unique decoration programme. The collection, revision, and publication of all relevant archive material concerning KV 11 is an important goal of The Ramesses III (KV 11) Publication and Conservation Project. The following article reports on first and preliminary results from the authors’ research in the archives of the British Library and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, as well as the Bodleian Libraries and the Griffith Institute in Oxford, carried out in September 2019 and made possible through the Centenary Award 2019 of the Egypt Exploration Society.

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Brekke, Torkel. "Bones of Contention: Buddhist Relics, Nationalism and the Politics of Archaeology." Numen 54, no. 3 (2007): 270–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852707x211564.

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AbstractRelics of Sāriputta and Moggallāna, two of the Buddha's closest disciples, were discovered by Fred. C. Maisey and Alexander Cunningham in a stūpa at Sānchī in 1851 and were re-enshrined at the same place in November 1952. The exact whereabouts of the relics between these two dates has been uncertain, partly because both Buddhists and scholars have assumed, incorrectly, that the relics that were brought back to India had been in the possession of Mr Cunningham. The purpose of this article is to give a detailed account ot the relics of Sāriputta and Moggallāna found at Sānchī. The account is based on correspondence and notes about the relics found in archives of the Victoria & Albert Museum, London, and on relevant sources published by the Maha Bodhi Society. I argue that the quarrel over the relics was an important part of the revival of Buddhism from the end of the nineteenth century. I also discuss how the relics of the two saints were used by the government of India as nationalist symbols.

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Catalani, Anna, and Susan Pearce. "‘Particular Thanks and Obligations’: The Communications Made by Women to the Society of Antiquaries between 1776 and 1837, and their Significance." Antiquaries Journal 86 (September 2006): 254–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500000135.

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This paper brings together the evidence bearing on the relationship between the Society of Antiquaries and the women who contributed to it during a significant period when archaeology, through the work of such men as Samuel Lysons and Richard Colt Hoare, was beginning to emerge as a distinct field with its own conceptual and technical systems. It takes its departure from the first substantial appearance by a woman in the Society's publications in 1776, and continues until the accession of a female monarch, Victoria, in 1837, a period of just over sixty years. It explores what women did and what reception they received and assesses the significance of this within the wider processes of the development of an understanding of the past and the shaping of gender relationships through the medium of material culture, in a period that saw fundamental changes in many areas of intellectual and social life, including levels of material consumption and the sentiments surrounding consumerism.

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Readman, Paul. "The Conservative Party, Patriotism, and British Politics: The Case of the General Election of 1900." Journal of British Studies 40, no. 1 (January 2001): 107–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386236.

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Paul Rich has written that “nationalism in English society has not been a subject that has especially interested historians until comparatively recently.” This judgment could equally be applied to what Gerald Newman has described as that “mere primitive feeling of loyalty,” the less complex and far more ancient phenomenon of patriotism, which, for the purposes of the present article, will simply be taken to mean “love of country.” In the last few decades, the attention given to patriotism by British historians has grown rapidly. However, historians of party politics, particularly those interested in the late nineteenth century, have proved something of an exception to this rule. Although few would dispute Lord Blake's view that “‘patriotism’ … has usually been a valuable weapon in the Conservative armoury,” even work done on the tory party has avoided serious discussion of the subject. Most writers, particularly those of textbook studies, have found it difficult to move beyond rather general allusions to the Conservatives' transformation intotheparty of patriotism in the 1870s, with “Disraeli's speeches of 1872–3” and his “performance at Berlin in 1878” establishing once and for all “the image of the Conservative party as the champion of national honour.” This argument, of course, owes much to Hugh Cunningham's importantHistory Workshoparticle of 1981, which put forward the view that patriotism—originally an antistate and libertarian “creed of opposition”—had by the late nineteenth century passed from the hands of the radicals into the possession of the political Right.

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Darragh, Thomas A. "William Blandowski: A frustrated life." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 121, no. 1 (2009): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs09011.

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When Johann Wilhelm Theodor Ludwig von Blandowski (1822-1878), was appointed Government Zoologist on 1 March 1854, Victoria gained a scientist, who had attended Tarnowitz Mining School and science lectures at Berlin University. He had been an assistant manager in part of the Koenigsgrube coal mine at Koenigshütte, but as a consequence of some kind of misdemeanour, resigned from the Prussian Mining Service and joined the Schleswig-Holstein Army in March 1848. After resigning his Lieutenant’s commission and trying unsuccessfully to obtain another appointment in the Prussian Mining Service, he left for Adelaide in May 1849 as a collector of natural history specimens. After some collecting expeditions and earning a living as a surveyor he moved to the Victorian goldfields. He undertook official expeditions in Central Victoria, Mornington Peninsula and Western Port and in December 1856 he was leader of the Murray-Darling Expedition, but control of the Museum passed to Frederick McCoy with Blandowski relegated to the position of Museum Collector. Feted on his return from the Expedition, he fell out with some members of the Royal Society of Victoria over somewhat puerile descriptions of new species of fishes and he also refused to recognise McCoy’s jurisdiction over him. After acrimonious arguments about collections and ownership of drawings made whilst he was a government officer, Blandowski resigned and left for Germany, where he set up as a photographer in Gleiwitz in 1861, but some kind of mental instability saw him committed to the mental asylum at Bunzlau (now Boleslawiec, Poland) in September 1873, where he died on 18 December 1878. Assessments of Blandowki’s scientific and artistic career in Australia have been mixed. The biographical details presented provide the opportunity to judge assessments of Blandowski in Australia against his actions both before and after his arrival there.

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Melton, James Van Horn. "The Emancipation of Writing: German Civil Society in the Making, 1790s–1820s. By Ian F. McNeely. Studies on the History of Society and Culture, volume 48. Edited by, Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. Pp. xii+329. $65.00." Journal of Modern History 77, no. 3 (September 2005): 835–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/497771.

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Boianovsky, Mauro. "Woodford's Interest and Prices from the Perspective of the History and Methodology of Economic Thought: A Mini-Symposium." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 28, no. 2 (June 2006): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710600676223.

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Michael Woodford's 2003 Interest and Prices has been regarded as the most important contribution to monetary economics since the publication of Don Patinkin's Money, Interest and Prices fifty years ago. Like Patinkin, Woodford sought inspiration in Knut Wicksell's 1898 Interest and Prices. But, while Patinkin built on Wicksell's incipient formulation of the real balance effect and stability analysis of the price level (see Boianovsky 1998), Woodford has elaborated on Wicksell's concept of a pure credit economy (called “cashless economy” in the 2003 version), a theme largely disregarded by Patinkin. This difference in perspective is in part related to the fact that Patinkin's concern was mainly monetary theory, whereas Woodford has focused on monetary policy instead. In early 2004 I invited a group of scholars to discuss Wood-ford's book from the point of view of the history of thought and methodology in a session at the History of Economics Society meetings, held in June of that year at Victoria University, Toronto. Michael Woodford was also invited to participate in the session and reply to the comments. The revised papers are published here as a mini-symposium.

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Azam, H. "Muslim Women in Law and Society: Annotated translation of al-Tahir al-Haddad's Imrarhringtunafi rhringl-sharilhringa warhringl-mujtamalhring, with an introduction * BY RONAK HUSNI and DANIEL L. NEWMAN." Journal of Islamic Studies 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/etn066.

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Friedgut, Theodore H. "Labor Violence and Regime Brutality in Tsarist Russia: The Iuzovka Cholera Riots of 1892." Slavic Review 46, no. 2 (1987): 245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2498910.

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Recent monographs on Russian social development have raised a number of hypotheses regarding our general understanding of processes of political and social change. In his volume on the early history of Russian workers Reginald Zelnik, for instance, proposes that moderate labor unrest reinforced traditional repressive patterns, while extreme conflicts motivated innovative reform. In the work of Robert E. Johnson and of Victoria Bonnell we find the suggestion that workers in small-scale enterprises and artisan shops were often more radical and organized than those in larger industrial enterprises. The fragmented and antagonistic nature of Russian society, with multiple splits of both an intergroup and intragroup nature, has been noted in the work of both Roberta Manning and Allan Wildman. Diane Koenker, focusing her research on the period of the 1917 revolutions, has brought out the moderating and integrating effect of the urban setting on Russian workers. These are only a few of the many thought-provoking hypotheses that have been raised.

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Schuele, Donna C. "Reflections on Henry Ford's War on Jews." Law & Social Inquiry 40, no. 04 (2015): 1032–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12163.

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This essay provides an introduction to and overview of four essays that emerged from an “Author Meets Readers” session at the 2013 Annual Meeting of the Law and Society Association, considering Victoria Saker Woeste's book, Henry Ford's War on Jews and the Legal Battle Against Hate Speech. Three essays are authored by panelists (Aviam Soifer, Carroll Seron, and Clyde Spillenger) and a final essay is provided by Woeste. The essays explore larger themes suggested by the book, including what the involvement of Louis Marshall reveals about the rise and role of spokespeople purporting to represent Jewish interests; whether the arc of Aaron Sapiro's education and career challenges our understandings of the development of the legal profession in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; and how the law of group libel intersected with government attempts to regulate hate speech during the twentieth century. Woeste ends the symposium with a reconsideration of Henry Ford's War and how it fits into the new civil rights history.

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Landes, Joan B. "The Family on Trial in Revolutionary France. By Suzanne Desan. Studies on the History of Society and Culture. Edited by, Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. Pp. xiv+456. $50.00." Journal of Modern History 78, no. 4 (December 2006): 963–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/511225.

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Harper, Kristine C. "Victoria C. Slonosky. Climate in the Age of Empire: Weather Observers in Colonial Canada. xxi + 325 pp., illus., bibl., index. Boston: American Meteorological Society, 2018. $35 (paper). ISBN 9781944970208." Isis 111, no. 1 (March 2020): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/707636.

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Foreman, Paul. "The 1840 Western Port journey and Aboriginal fire history in the grassy ecosystems of lowland, mesic south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 4 (2020): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19088.

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The historic influence of human fire and the role of ‘top-down’ vs ‘bottom-up’ drivers on ecosystems globally is highly contested, and our knowledge of regime diversity is poor. This paper uses an early European account as a case study to describe Aboriginal fire history in south-eastern Australia based on links between fire and: grasslands, native foods and culture. The route and observations detailed in Assistant Protector William Thomas’ 1840 account of a journey led by Aborigines to Western Port, Victoria, were overlayed with grass-tree boundaries compiled from historic plans. The narrative provides direct evidence of up to moderate-scale and intensity burns (with minimal fine-scale patchiness), undertaken in the height of the dry season, opportunistically linked to rainfall. The fires targeted open grassy ‘plains’ to maintain and access preferred hunter-gathering grounds. A synthesis of the earliest records supports high frequency anthropogenic burning maintaining alternative vegetation states with dynamic boundaries on elevated alluvial plains and, in places, adjoining swamps. The narrative represents an important primary source for studying traditional society, including the description of a local historic fire regime (‘koyuga burning’). Establishing such a fire regime ‘benchmark’ has the potential to stimulate new interdisciplinary research around the complex processes controlling grass-tree patterns, and build confidence that fire-stick farming was potentially instrumental in grassland formation, and integral to grassland maintenance throughout this region.

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Fraser, Jennifer. "Rendering Inuit cancer “visible”: Geography, pathology, and nosology in Arctic cancer research." Science in Context 33, no. 3 (September 2020): 195–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889721000016.

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ArgumentIn August of 1977, Australian pathologist David W. Buntine delivered a presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia in Melbourne, Victoria. In this presentation, he used the diagnostic category of “Eskimoma,” to describe a unique set of salivary gland tumors he had observed over the past five years within Winnipeg’s Health Sciences Center. Only found amongst Inuit patients, these tumors were said to have unique histological, clinical, and epidemiological features and were unlike any other disease category that had ever been encountered before. To understand where this nosological category came from, and its long-term impact, this paper traces the historical trajectory of the “Eskimoma.” In addition to discussing the methods and infrastructures that were essential to making the idea of Inuit cancer “visible,” to the pathologist, the epidemiologist, and to society at large, this paper discusses how Inuit tissue samples obtained, stored, and analyzed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, came to be codified into a new, racially based disease category – one that has guided Canadian and international understandings of circumpolar cancer trends and shaped northern healthcare service delivery for the past sixty years.

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Bremner, G. Alex, and David P. Y. Lung. "Spaces of Exclusion: The Significance of Cultural Identity in the Formation of European Residential Districts in British Hong Kong, 1877–1904." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 21, no. 2 (April 2003): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d310.

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In this paper we discuss the role and significance of European cultural identity in the formation of the urban environment in 19th-century and early-20th-century British Hong Kong. Our purpose is to offer an alternative reading of the social history of Hong Kong-the orthodox accounts of which remain largely predominant in the general historical understanding of that society-by examining the machinations that surrounded attempts by the European colonial elite to control the production of urban form and space in the capital city of Hong Kong, Victoria. Here the European Residential District ordinance of 1888 (along with other related ordinances) is considered in detail. An examination of European cultural self-perception and the construction of colonial identity is made by considering not only the actual ways in which urban form and space were manipulated through these ordinances but also the visual representation of the city in art. Here the intersection between ideas and images concerning civil society, cultural identity, architecture, and the official practices of colonial urban planning is demonstrated. It is argued that this coalescing of ideas, images, and practices in the colonial environment of British Hong Kong not only led to the racialisation of urban form and space there but also contributed to the apparent anxiety exhibited by the European population over the preservation of their own identity through the immediacy of the built environment.

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Miller, Judith A. "The Virtuous Marketplace: Women and Men, Money and Politics in Paris, 1830–1870. By Victoria E. Thompson. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Pp. viii, 229. $32.00." Journal of Economic History 61, no. 4 (December 2001): 1120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701005630.

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Victoria Thompson's study of the French market begins with the Richard Terdiman's premise that societies faced with rapid change engage in “semiotic activity” (Discourse/Counter Discourse: The Theory and Practice of Symbolic Resistance in Nineteenth-Century France. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985). In other words, the tensions surrounding political, economic, and social upheaval send individuals scurrying to categorize and explain the new world confronting them. Certainly, the boom-and-bust economy of nineteenth-century France generated such anxieties. Interestingly, many of those fears focused on female sexuality, a topic that might seem remote from the debates over living wages for working-class men or the appearance of new credit mechanisms. The problem that interests Thompson is twofold. First, how did French society cope with the potentially destructive power of early capitalism, a power that could dissolve familial bonds and up-end social hierarchies? Second, how did new gender norms work within the new market framework? The French answer to both problems was the creation of a “virtuous marketplace,” one in which honor and self-control shaped men's economic practices, and in which distinct gender roles kept women a respectable distance from the temptations of material gain.

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Elliott, David. "Iconography of Power: Soviet Political Posters under Lenin and Stalin. By Victoria E. Bonnell. Studies on the History of Society and Culture, volume 27. Edited by Victoria E. Bonnell and Lynn Hunt. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997. Pp. xxii+363. $48.00." Journal of Modern History 72, no. 3 (September 2000): 855–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/316093.

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Lindenmeyr, A. "Russian Factory Women: Workplace and Society, 1880-1914. By Rose L. Glickman and Roots of Rebellion: Workers' Politics and Organizations in St. Petersburg and Moscow, 1900-1914. By Victoria E. Bonnell." Journal of Social History 20, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 622–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/20.3.622.

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