Journal articles: 'Newburn'

1

Willink, David. "King & Anor v Benefice of Newburn." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x19001509.

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Larrauri Pijoan, Elena. "Criminology, de T. Newburn. Cullompton: William Publishing, 2007." Revista Española de Investigación Criminológica 6 (September 15, 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.46381/reic.v6i0.114.

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BACON, MATTHEW. "Handbook of Policing, 2nd edn by T. Newburn (Ed.)." Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 48, no. 3 (July 2009): 319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.2009.00571_2.x.

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Stout, B. "Hinton, M. S. and Newburn, T. (2008). * POLICING DEVELOPING DEMOCRACIES." Policing 5, no. 4 (February 11, 2011): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/par015.

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Kirby, Stuart. "Handbook of Policing. Edited by TIM NEWBURN. Willan (2003), pp. 747." Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling 2, no. 3 (2005): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jip.24.

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Lyman, B. "Jones, T., and Newburn, T. (eds) (2006). * PLURAL POLICING: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE." Policing 5, no. 4 (August 19, 2011): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/par011.

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Marks, John M. "Book Review: Newburn, T. (Ed.). (2005). Policing: Key Readings. Portland, OR: Willan. Pp. 834." International Criminal Justice Review 17, no. 4 (December 2007): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567707310567.

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Bougadi, Stavroula G. "Review of Eugene McLaughlin and Tim Newburn (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Criminological Theory." Asian Journal of Criminology 8, no. 2 (May 4, 2012): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11417-012-9140-4.

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Stelman, Andy. "Reviews : Just Boys Doing Business? Tim Newburn and Elizabeth Stanko (Eds) Routledge, 1994; £40 hbk." Probation Journal 42, no. 1 (March 1995): 35–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455059504200109.

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Dixon, D. "Handbook of Policing. Edited By Tim Newburn (Cullompton: Willan, 2003, XXVI + 757pp., 65 hb, 28.50 pb)." British Journal of Criminology 44, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azh058.

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11

Hodgson, Nick. "The Provenance of RIB 1389 and the Rebuilding of Hadrian's Wall in AD 158." Antiquaries Journal 91 (June 1, 2011): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581511000072.

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AbstractRIB 1389 is an inscription, found in 1751, that records building work on Hadrian's Wall in ad 158. The stone is lost and there have long been doubts about its exact findspot. The source for the reading of the inscription and the discovery of the stone is a manuscript in the British Library. Re-examination of this shows that: 1. the inscription was found in the Newburn area (Wall Mile 8 or 9) and not near Heddon as is usually stated; 2. RIB 1389 certainly came from the curtain of Hadrian's Wall or one of its structures, and not from a fort; 3. there is a second contemporary illustration of the inscription which confirms that the previously published text is without doubt correct. The stone can be seen as part of a group of stones whose inscriptions indicate an extensive building operation. Given that it is now generally accepted that the Antonine Wall in Scotland was only held for a brief single period, the building programme of ad 158 can be seen as marking the decision to abandon Scotland and make a permanent return to the Wall on the southern isthmus.

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12

HUCKLESBY, ANTHEA, and EMMA WINCUP. "Assistance, Support and Monitoring? The Paradoxes of Mentoring Adults in the Criminal Justice System." Journal of Social Policy 43, no. 2 (February 10, 2014): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279413001013.

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AbstractMentoring has recently taken centre stage as one of the primary criminal justice ‘interventions’ to reduce reoffending, having grown in popularity over the past fifteen years. Its rapid growth has been driven by claims of success within and outside the criminal justice system, leading some to argue that it has been perceived as a silver bullet (Newburn and Shiner, 2005). This article challenges such claims on three fronts: first, mentoring is an ill-defined concept with weak theoretical foundations; second, the evidence base upon which claims of success are made is limited; and, third, transferring mentoring into the coercive and punitive environment of the criminal justice system results in a departure from the very principles and values which are the basis of its usefulness elsewhere. The article utilises the findings from three empirical criminal justice research projects to question claims of widespread and effective mentoring activity with defendants and offenders, suggesting instead that ‘interventions’ described as mentoring serve as a vehicle to extend the reach of the criminal justice system. At the end of the article, we suggest that desistance theory, specifically the Good Lives Model, provides a conceptual framework for taking mentoring in criminal justice forward.

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13

Loader, Ian. "Private Security and Public Policing. By T. Jones and T. Newburn (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. xiv + 288 pp. £40.00 hb)." British Journal of Criminology 40, no. 1 (January 2000): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/40.1.170.

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14

ApaydÄ±n CÄ±rÄ±k, Vildan, and Bahar Aksoy. "Painful procedures experienced by preterm newborns and evidence-based non-pharmacological methods." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijeths.

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Preterm newborns are defined as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. Prolonged or frequent pain in the early stages of life can prevent the babyâ€™s behaviour, feeding patterns, adaptation to the outside world, as well as changes in brain development and adversely affect growth. Preterm newborns are known to be more sensitive to pain due to immature pain mechanisms. Therefore, preterm newborns need more support during painful procedures. The aim of this review is to provide information about the painful procedures encountered by preterm newborns in neonatal intensive care units and the evidence-based non-pharmacological methods for these painful procedures. This study used Englishâ€“Turkish language articles and a search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar, using a combination of key words like â€˜painful proceduresâ€™, â€˜preterm newbornâ€™, â€˜non-pharmacological methodsâ€™ and â€˜pain and newbornâ€™. These terms are frequently used in non-pharmacological methods as well as pharmacological methods in pain relief. Non-pharmacologic methods used in pain management in preterm neonates are massage, kangaroo care, music, oral sucrose, pacifier, aromatherapy, swaddling, facilitated tucking, prone position, motherâ€™s touch, motherâ€™s voice and smell and breastfeeding method. Facilitated tucking, kangaroo care, swaddling, breast milk and oral sucrose are effective in heel blood collection and venous blood collection in newborns. It has been reported in the literature that the smell of glucose, breast milk, vanilla and lavender reduces pain. It is stated in the literature that breast milk, sucrose and kangaroo care used during the retinopathy of premature retinopathy reduces pain during and after the procedure. The aim of newborn pain management is to help reduce pain and help the baby cope with pain. Therefore, further research on evidence-based non-pharmacological methods is essential, and it is essential for all health professionals to be aware, know and practice non-pharmacological methods. Keywords: Newborn; pain; non-pharmacological methods; preterm;

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Aryasri, A. Ramachandra, Jitender, and Gopal P. Mahapatra. "Cultural Modification and Cultural Alignment in Police Services: An Empirical Analysis of Select Variables." NHRD Network Journal 13, no. 2 (April 2020): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631454120924733.

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Police forces, traditionally, were tacitly assumed to be rule-bound, legalistic, bureaucratic organisations, in which top-down policies prevailed through a quasi-militaristic rank hierarchy and strict discipline code ( Reiner,2016 ). The profile of the police organisations has been radically transforming, in view of the wider politico-economic and cultural context of re-emerging conflicts and social divisions in the recent past. Because of loose ends in the legal powers and processes, police officers at the operational level were characterised by the extent of discretion on how to behave or misbehave ( Newburn & Reiner, 2012 ). An empirical study was carried out in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh using Convenience sampling on 680 (340 respondents from police from different cadres and public each through separate structured questionnaires for each category of respondents), covering three variables, namely police beat, patrolling and responding to public calls. This article presents how Visakhapatnam Police could focus on the beat and patrolling, responding to public calls as part of aligning its working processes and bring in the cultural change not only in the Police Organisation as a whole, but also among the stakeholders. The Visakha Police is today known to be more citizen-friendly, tech-savvy and relatively fast in addressing and resolving issues.

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16

Brodeur, Jean-Paul. "Tim Newburn and Stephanie Hayman, Policing, Surveillance and Social Control. CCTV and Police Monitoring of Suspects, Cullompton, Devon, 2002, 198 p." Canadian journal of law and society 17, no. 1 (April 2002): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100007122.

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17

McCulloch, Jude. "Criminal Justice and Political Cultures: National and International Dimensions of Crime Control, Tim Newburn and Richard Sparks (eds), Willan Publishing, Devon 2004." Current Issues in Criminal Justice 17, no. 2 (November 2005): 320–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2005.12036360.

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MK, Vybhavi, and Srinivas V. "Hearing Screening of Newborns using Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions." Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery 29, no. 2 (September 27, 2021): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47210/bjohns.2021.v29i2.478.

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Introduction The present study was devised to estimate the prevalence of neonatal hearing loss and document the importance of using DPOAE as a screening tool for identifying hearing loss in newborns. Materials and Methods This hospital based descriptive study was conducted from August 2018 to August 2019. A total of 928 newborn babies were included in the study. These newborn babies were subjected to hearing screening by distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) at 24-72 hrs after birth. For pass cases, no further testing was done. For refer cases, repeat testing with DPOAE was done within 15-30 days. Newborns with refer result on repeat DPOAE testing were subjected to Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) within 3 months to confirm hearing loss. Results Nine hundred and twenty eight newborn babies were screened by DPOAE. 851 newborns passed the first DPOAE hearing screening and 77 newborns gave refer result. 21 newborns were lost to follow-up. 56 newborns underwent repeat DPOAE testing and 5 newborns were referred for BERA. Amongst the 5 newborns who underwent BERA testing, one newborn was diagnosed with bilateral profound hearing loss. Hence, the prevalence of hearing loss of 1.08 per thousand newborn babies was estimated in this study. Conclusion Hearing screening of newborns using DPOAE followed by BERA in refer cases to confirm hearing loss is useful for early detection followed by timely intervention and rehabilitation.

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Alfiyah Dwi Rahmawati, Eny Sendra, Triatmi Andri Yanuarini, and Ririn Indriani. "Hypothermia Intervention In Newborn With Early Breastfeeding Initiation." Indonesian Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences (ESA) 2, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/esa.v2i1.2786.

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Hypothermia is a baby’a body temperature below normal. Low temperatures cause metabolic and physiological processes to occur more slowly. The purpose of this study was to determine interventions for newborns, with hypothermia. Types and methods uses literature review. A search from the Google Scholar dabase for a number of registered journals and having a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and ISSN (International Standard Serial Number). Journals were selected for the last 5 years (2015-2020), with the topic of newborn intervention with hypothermia. The analysis technique stars from the initial research year and gradually extends to the old year. Conclusion : hypothermia intervention in newborna with breastfeeding initiation for 1 hour can increase the newborn’s body temperature by 1-2°C. It si hoped that midwives will be able to provide delivery care for newborns with breastfeeding initiation in the first hour to prevent hypothermia.

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20

Burman, Michele. "Book Reviews : Just Boys Doing Business? Men, masculinities and crime Tim Newburn and Elizabeth A. Stanko (eds) London, Routledge, 1994, xii + 290pp, £40.00." Critical Social Policy 15, no. 44-45 (October 1995): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026101839501504427.

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21

Barry, Monica. "Book Review: Newburn, T., & Shiner, M. (2005). Dealing With Disaffection: Young People, Mentoring, and Social Inclusion. Cullompton, Devon, UK: Willan, Pp. 223." International Criminal Justice Review 17, no. 2 (June 2007): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567707302517.

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Dinesh Chaurasiya. "Morbidity and mortality pattern of admitted newborn in Special Newborn Care Unit at district hospital, Siddharthnagar, Uttar Pradesh." International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2024.6.1.0107.

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Background: Special newborn care unit is formed to give facility based newborn care at district hospital. It is essential to know the competence of Special newborn care unit. The purpose of this study is to study the morbidity and mortality pattern of admitted newborn in Special Newborn Care Unit at district hospital, Siddharthnagar, Uttar Pradesh. Material and methods: Hospital based secondary data collected from Special Newborn Care Unit of the district hospital of Siddharthnagar, Uttar Pradesh. The study period was from September 2020 to December 2020. The sample size for this study was 360 admitted newborn. Univariate and bivariate analysis done to get expected result. Kappa agreement is also used to show agreement between initial and final diagnosis of morbidity. Results: The most predominant cause of morbidity among newborn was Perinatal Asphyxia (44.4%). Around 72.5% of admitted newborn successfully discharged from hospital and 7.8 % of admitted newborn died. The relative risk of mortality was highest from low birth weight. There is 87% of agreement between initial diagnosis and final diagnosis of morbidity with p-value < 0.0001. Conclusion: A high proportion of newborns suffer from perinatal asphyxia. There is scope and need for a reduction of mortality of admitted newborns. This study will help hospital administration improve the healthcare situation of admitted newborns.

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Pereira, D., A. T. Pereira, J. Azevedo, S. Xavier, M. J. Soares, N. Madeira, and A. Macedo. "Antepartum depressive and anxious symptoms: Association with physiological parameters of the newborn." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S180—S181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.478.

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IntroductionThe Perinatal period is a time of vulnerability for developing psychiatric disorders of higher prevalence in the female gender - depression and anxiety1. Numerous authors have proposed that maternal psychological factors could influence pregnancy course and the well-being of mother and newborn2.ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between perinatal psychological disorder and physiological parameters evaluated at birth, such as the Apgar Index (AI; 1, 5 and 10 minutes), head circumference, weight, length and age.Methods533 women answered, in the second trimester of pregnancy (16.98±4.83 weeks of gestation), several questions about psychosocial variables, the Perinatal Depression Screening Scale3 and the Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale4. Of these, 208 (39.0%) women were interviewed with the Diagnostic Interview for Psychological Distress5. Newborn physiological parameters were obtained from electronic health records.ResultsAI was significantly (p<.01) and moderately (r≈.25) correlated with maternal anxious symptomatology, and with the experience of a stressful event in the last year (only AI 1 minute). Newborns of women with clinically relevant anxious symptomatology (>cutoff point, 14.6%) had significantly lower AI (p<.05), which was also observed in newborns of women who considered having had a stressful event (only AI 1 minute). Women’s newborns with maternal anxiety disorders during pregnancy (5.3%), had significantly lower values in AI, head circumference, weight and age of birth. Regression analyses showed that anxiety in pregnancy (symptoms and/or diagnoses) is a predictor of newborn physiological parameters, explaining significant percentages(r≈22%; p<.05) of its variability.ConclusionsEarly detection of psychological disorders in pregnancy, namely anxiety, is determinant to prevent adverse neonatal outcomes.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

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Patil, Sandeep, Varsha Halkude, Mahesh Tondare, and Anand Mudaglimath. "Study of risk factors associated with development of severe respiratory distress in the new born." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 5, no. 6 (October 22, 2018): 2235. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20184287.

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Background: As Transient tachypnea of newborn is the most common cause of Respiratory distress and significant number of newborns with respiratory distress develops severe respiratory insufficiency requiring intensive monitoring. With these points, we undertake to identify risk factors associated with development of severe respiratory distress in the new born.Methods: Hundred newborns that were having respiratory distress within 72 hours of birth admitted to NICU were included in the present study. The severity of respiratory distress was noted according to risk factors and clinical assessment. The details were noted in all the newborns- General information, history, risk factors and clinical examination findings of mother and newborn were documented.Results: In the present study, 62.5% of the newborns born to Primigravida mothers developed severe respiratory distress. In the present study it was seen that 83.6% of newborns with SGA developed severe respiratory distress compared to 60% and 33.3% newborns with LGA and AGA respectively. It was seen that the risk of neonatal respiratory distress markedly increased with decreasing birth weight (p<0.001).Conclusions: Immediate clinical outcome of newborn respiratory distress in term of mortality rate is variable and depends on the cause of newborn distress.

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Wang, Yuanming, Chen Cheng, and Chuling Li. "Newborn hearing loss in the south of China: a cross-sectional study." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 12 (December 2021): 030006052110624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211062448.

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Objective Newborn hearing screening can identify congenital deafness and hearing loss. The current status of newborn hearing screening in the south of China is unclear. We aimed to assess the hearing loss of newborns in Dongguan, China. Methods A total of 62,545 newborns were enrolled in this retrospective, cross-sectional study between September 2015 and August 2020. The screening procedure was carried out using a two-step hearing screening. The trends were examined by the Cochran–Armitage trend test. Results From 2015 to 2020, the total initial newborn hearing screening rate was 98.16%, and it significantly increased over time (Z = 2.488). The initial screening pass rate of newborns was 90.08%, and no significant difference was observed in the initial screening pass rate between different years (Z = 0.845). After two-step hearing screening, the overall hearing screening pass rate of newborns was 94.65%. The overall hearing screening pass rate in normal newborns was higher than that in high-risk newborns (95.70% vs. 93.59%). Conclusion The initial newborn hearing screening rate increased yearly in the study period, but there was still an approximately 10% referral rate. The initial screening pass rate in China needs to be further improved.

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Bashir, Muhammad. "Risk Factors of Neonatal Sepsis in DHQ Hospital Skardu." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 7 (July 30, 2023): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317731.

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Background: Sepsis is a substantial cause of newborn illness and death. Few aspects of sepsis' clinical impact and risk factors are thoroughly recognized. Late-onset sepsis is linked to healthcare-associated infections and affects newborns older than seven days. Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcome and risk variables related to newborn sepsis at the DHQ hospital Skardu in Pakistan. Methods: A quantitative retrospective institution-based chart review was carried out at DHQ Hospital Skardu with a sample size n=225. Results: 164(72.9%l) of the 225 evaluated newborn charts were for newborns less than 7 days old, and 144(64%) were for males. Meconium aspiration syndrome involved forty newborns, or 17.8%, while abnormal respiratory symptoms affected twenty-nine infants or 12.9%. Among newborns diagnosed with neonatal sepsis, therapy resulted in complete recovery for 189(84%) infants, death for 9(4%) infants, and transfer of care to other hospitals for 13(5.7%) infants. Meconium aspiration syndrome and respiratory distress syndrome contributed to the poor prognosis of newborn sepsis (AOR = 0.1989 [0.059-0.664] and AOR = 0.258 [0.072-0.900], respectively). Conclusion: The clinical prognosis for newborn sepsis at DHQ hospital Skardu was worse than desirable. RDS and meconium aspiration syndrome were the most accurate indicators of a poor prognosis in newborn sepsis. It is hypothesized that improved prenatal care, early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal illnesses or abnormalities, and the provision of essential newborn care to all newborns through the end of the neonatal period will all contribute to improved neonatal outcomes. Keywords: Risk factors, treatment, Sepsis, Neonatal, DHQ hospital, Sakrdu, Pakistan

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Schmidt, H., and HP Schwarz. "Serum concentrations of LH and FSH in the healthy newborn." European Journal of Endocrinology 143, no. 2 (August 1, 2000): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1430213.

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OBJECTIVE: A sex difference in fetal and neonatal pituitary-gonadal function has been well documented. The aim of the following study was to determine sex differences and patterns of basal LH/FSH in the neonatal period. DESIGN: Peripheral venous blood was obtained from 164 healthy full term newborns (91 males, 73 females) for clinically indicated laboratory examinations. RESULTS: In male newborns, LH values were initially low (days 1-5), increased between days 6 and 10, and reached maximum levels between days 16 and 20. Levels of FSH were initially low (days 1-5), increased between days 6 and 10 and reached maximum levels between days 11 and 15. In female newborns, LH levels were generally lower than in newborn boys; levels were initially low, then increased between days 11 and 15 and reached maximum levels at the end of the newborn period. FSH values were generally higher than in newborn boys; there were initially low values with a first peak between days 11 and 15 and a second peak between days 21 and 28. CONCLUSIONS: LH values in male newborns were higher and exceeded values in female newborns, whereas FSH values in female newborns exceeded male newborn values. Male newborns do not exhibit any peaks of LH and FSH activity, whereas female newborns exhibit two FSH peaks during this period.

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Mulder, Pamela J., and Sue E. Gardner. "The Healthy Newborn Hydration Model." Biological Research For Nursing 17, no. 1 (April 15, 2014): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800414529362.

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The normal small volume of breast milk produced in the first 2 days following birth may raise concerns about adequate hydration in breast-fed newborns. These concerns are further magnified when breast-fed infants lose ≥7% of their birth weight within 2 days postnatally. Weight loss following birth is presumably mostly water loss that could result in hypohydration and subsequent hypernatremic dehydration. However, excess fluid loss immediately following birth is a normal and necessary process. Furthermore, newborns exposed to excess fluid intake during labor may need to lose ≥7% of birth weight in the first 2 days following birth in order to achieve euhydration. Normal newborn fluid loss following birth confounds the use of weight loss as the sole measure of newborn hydration. We thus propose the healthy newborn hydration model that highlights the normalcy of newborn weight loss immediately following birth and the healthy newborn’s compensatory mechanisms for preserving adequate hydration. We also recommend the use of serum sodium to measure intravascular osmolarity in addition to monitoring weight loss to obtain a more comprehensive newborn hydration assessment. Research is necessary in healthy newborns to identify relationships among fluids received in utero, newborn weight loss, and hydration, as evaluated with laboratory measures, in the first 2 days following birth. This information will guide clinicians in correctly identifying newborns with inadequate hydration who are in need of supplementary fluids versus newborns with adequate hydration for whom exclusive breast-feeding can be supported and encouraged.

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Fawziah, Mutia Farah, Bambang Soebagyo, and Dwi Hidayah. "Diagnostic value of newborn foot length to predict gestational age." Paediatrica Indonesiana 57, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi57.4.2017.1376.

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Background Identification of gestational age, especially within 48 hours of birth, is crucial for newborns, as the earlier preterm status is detected, the earlier the child can receive optimal management. Newborn foot length is an anthropometric measurement which is easy to perform, inexpensive, and potentially efficient for predicting gestational age.Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of newborn foot length in predicting gestational age.Methods This diagnostic study was performed between October 2016 and February 2017 in the High Care Unit of Neonates at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta. A total of 152 newborns were consecutively selected and underwent right foot length measurements before 96 hours of age. The correlation between newborn foot length to classify as full term and gestational age was analyzed with Spearman’s correlation test because of non-normal data distribution. The cut-off point of newborn foot length was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and diagnostic values of newborn foot length were analyzed by 2 x 2 table with SPSS 21.0 software.Results There were no significant differences between male and female newborns in terms of gestational age, birth weight, choronological age, and newborn foot length (P>0.05). Newborn foot length and gestational age had a significant correlation (r=0.53; P=0.000). The optimal cut-off newborn foot length to predict full term status was 7.1 cm. Newborn foot length below 7.1 cm had sensitivity 75%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 94.3%, negative predictive value 90.6%, positive likelihood ratio 40.5, negative likelihood ratio 0.25, and post-test probability 94.29%, to predict preterm status in newborns.Conclusion Newborn foot length can be used to predict gestational age, especially for the purpose of differentiating between preterm and full term newborns.

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Fawziah, Mutia Farah, Bambang Soebagyo, and Dwi Hidayah. "Diagnostic value of newborn foot length to predict gestational age." Paediatrica Indonesiana 57, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi57.4.2017.181-6.

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Background Identification of gestational age, especially within 48 hours of birth, is crucial for newborns, as the earlier preterm status is detected, the earlier the child can receive optimal management. Newborn foot length is an anthropometric measurement which is easy to perform, inexpensive, and potentially efficient for predicting gestational age.Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of newborn foot length in predicting gestational age.Methods This diagnostic study was performed between October 2016 and February 2017 in the High Care Unit of Neonates at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta. A total of 152 newborns were consecutively selected and underwent right foot length measurements before 96 hours of age. The correlation between newborn foot length to classify as full term and gestational age was analyzed with Spearman’s correlation test because of non-normal data distribution. The cut-off point of newborn foot length was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and diagnostic values of newborn foot length were analyzed by 2 x 2 table with SPSS 21.0 software.Results There were no significant differences between male and female newborns in terms of gestational age, birth weight, choronological age, and newborn foot length (P>0.05). Newborn foot length and gestational age had a significant correlation (r=0.53; P=0.000). The optimal cut-off newborn foot length to predict full term status was 7.1 cm. Newborn foot length below 7.1 cm had sensitivity 75%, specificity 98%, positive predictive value 94.3%, negative predictive value 90.6%, positive likelihood ratio 40.5, negative likelihood ratio 0.25, and post-test probability 94.29%, to predict preterm status in newborns.Conclusion Newborn foot length can be used to predict gestational age, especially for the purpose of differentiating between preterm and full term newborns.

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Mizen, Phil. "Tim Newburn Social Policy in Britain series (general editor, Jo Campling), Crime and Criminal Justice Policy. Longman, London, 1995, vii + 259 pp., paper £12.99." Journal of Social Policy 25, no. 3 (July 1996): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400023746.

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Johnstone, Gerry. "Youth Offending and Restorative Justice: Implementing Reform in Youth Justice. By Adam Crawford and Tim Newburn (Cullompton: Willan, 2003, xiv + 264 pp. £18.99 pb)." British Journal of Criminology 45, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 415–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azi024.

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Franciuc, Irina, Elena Matei, Mariana Aschie, Anca Mitroi, Anca Chisoi, Ionut Poinareanu, Nicolae Dobrin, et al. "Changes in Platelet Function in Preterm Newborns with Prematurity Related Morbidities." Children 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9060791.

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Platelet indices represent useful biomarkers to express the thromboembolic status, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in preterm newborns. Our study presented platelet count and function changes in prematurity-related morbidities such as respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular bleeding, and anemia of prematurity in preterm newborn cases reported to healthy full-term newborns by flow cytometry and hematological methods. The platelet volume represents the average size of platelets in the blood samples, showing the significantly increased values in preterm newborns compared with healthy full-term newborns due to increasing activated platelet production. Flow cytometric analysis of immature platelet fractions (IPF) made using thiazole orange staining to detect their mRNA content and a glycoprotein (anti-GPIIIa) antibody for platelet gating. CD61-TO expression from premature newborns was significantly lower compared to healthy full-term neonates. Preterm newborn cases with respiratory distress syndrome and a need for respiratory support (RDS+) were characterized by a significantly increased platelet volume and a decreased immature platelet fraction reported in RDS− cases. Evaluating the platelet function in the newborn is difficult because the laboratory methodologies work with small quantities of newborn blood samples. The immature platelet fractions and platelet volume promise to be diagnostic biomarkers for diseases.

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Farrukh, Sadia, Saeeda Baig, and Aliya Irshad Sani. "Role of parental age in newborn telomere length prolongation." AIMS Molecular Science 11, no. 2 (2024): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/molsci.2024009.

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<abstract> <p>Telomere length, a marker of biological aging, can be altered by parental telomere genetics. In this study, we aimed to find an association between parental age and newborn telomere length (TL) and deterioration patterns in parents and newborns. This was a cross-sectional study on 204 parent–newborn pairs from September 2021 to July 2022. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure the telomere length (T/S ratio). A correlation and linear regression were used for the association between newborn TL and parental age. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.185, p = 0.007) between the fathers' age and newborn TL. However, regression analysis highlighted an association between the mother's as well as the father's age and newborn TL (B = 0.032, 0.04; p = 0.09, 0.009). The old-age mothers (35.1–40 years old) had newborn girls with longer TL; however, old-age fathers (35.1–45 years old) had boys with longer TL (1.94 ± 0.72, 2.48 ± 1.22) (p = 0.23). Therefore, longer telomere length was seen in newborns of older parents. Moreover, parental age, especially the father's age, showed an association with newborns' telomere genetics.</p> </abstract>

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Rahayu, Sri, Azizah Nurdin, and Rosdianah Rahim. "The Relationship of Anemia in Pregnant Women with Anthropometry and Apgar Score for Newborns in Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Hospital, Makassar." Green Medical Journal 3, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/gmj.v3i1.68.

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Introduction: Anemia is one of the problems in pregnant women that can affect anthropometry of newborns that contain weight, body length and head circumference as well as the newborn score. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between anemia of pregnant women to anthropometry and the apgar score of newborns at Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Hospital Makassar. Methods: The method used in this research is observational analytic with cross sectional design. Sampling was done by purposive sampling. The total sample of 269 deliveries at Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Hospital Makassar. The research data were sourced from secondary data such as patient identity, anemia of pregnant women, infant anthropometry which included weight, length, head circumference, and apgar score measured immediately after birth. Results: The results of this study indicate that anemia of pregnant women are significantly related to newborn body weight (p = 0.007), newborn body length (p = 0.011), newborn head circumference (p = 0.039), and anemia of pregnant women does not have a significant relationship with the apgar of newborns score (p = 0.088). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that anemia status of pregnant women has a relationship with anthropometry of newborns on the parameters of body weight, body length, head circumference of newborns and anemia status of pregnant women has no relationship with the apgar score of newborns.

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Mindell, Jodi, Erin S. Leichman, M. Catherine Mack, and Mikayla Carson. "0834 Bedtime and Naptime Routines: Associations with Newborn and Parental Sleep Outcomes." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A357—A358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0834.

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Abstract Introduction A consistent bedtime routine is associated with better sleep and well-being in young children. However, little is known about the prevalence of bedtime and naptime routines in newborns, and their association with sleep outcomes in both the newborns and their parents. Methods Parents (67% mothers, 33% fathers) of 135 newborns (1-15wks; M=8.2wks) from the US and UK completed an online questionnaire addressing questions about sleep and routines in newborns, as well as measures of sleep in the parents (PROMIS sleep disturbance scale and sleep-related impairment scale). Results Overall, 62% (n=84) reported having a bedtime routine and 20% (n=27) a naptime routine for their newborn. Of these families, 50% started a bedtime routine before 4 weeks of age with 58% starting a naptime routine within the same time frame. Most parents who engaged in a bedtime routine indicated that they liked it (79%), it was easy (70%), it helped their newborn fall asleep (62%) and sleep for longer stretches overnight (54%). For those with naptime routines, approximately half liked them (54%) and reported they were easy (50%), but fewer thought they helped their newborn nap (35%). Most parents thought that sleep routines helped them bond with their newborn (88% bedtime, 69% naptime). Further, newborns with a bedtime routine had longer stretches of sleep (5.1h vs. 4.2h, p=.023), shorter total time awake during the night (128.6m vs. 175.7m, p=.002), and trended toward fewer night wakings (2.1 vs. 1.7, p=.070). Finally, parents who had bedtime routines for their newborn were less likely to experience sleep disturbances themselves, p=.017, but there were no differences in sleep-related impairment. Conclusion Over half of all newborns have a bedtime routine, but only 20% a naptime routine. However, these routines are liked by parents and associated with increased sleep consolidation in newborns and decreased sleep disturbances in parents. A simple recommendation of instituting sleep routines for newborns may result in improved sleep outcomes for newborns and their parents. Support (if any) Kenvue, Skillman, NJ, USA

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Kayton, Allyson. "Newborn Screening: A Literature Review." Neonatal Network 26, no. 2 (March 2007): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.26.2.85.

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Newborn screening is the largest genetic testing effort for newborns in the U.S. Its purpose is to identify newborns who are at risk for metabolic, endocrine, or hematologic disorders. A review of the literature was conducted to determine the benefits of newborn screening; specimen collection timing and handling; ethical considerations of screening; as well as current practices regarding consent, notification of results, and follow-up procedures. The use of tandem mass spectrometry for expanded newborn screening and postmortem diagnosis of unexplained infant death was also reviewed. This article is intended to educate health care providers in the areas of controversy that surround the U.S. newborn screening program, with the hope of encouraging further research in this important area of newborn care.

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Jones, Trevor, and Tim Newburn. "Policy convergence and crime control in the USA and the UK." Criminal Justice 2, no. 2 (May 2002): 173–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17488958020020020401.

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A number of authors have remarked upon growing similarities between the criminal justice systems of western industrialized countries, and in particular, the apparent spread of penal policies associated with the USA to other liberal democracies (Christie, 2000; Nellis, 2000; Garland, 2001; Jones and Newburn, 2002a). Two general approaches to describing and explaining such developments can be identified in the literature, which may be termed `structuralist' and `agency-led' respectively. The former approach links similar developments in crime control policy and discourse in different jurisdictions to deeper cultural and structural changes being experienced in all `late modern' capitalist societies. By contrast, the latter approach focuses more directly upon the arena of political decision making, and the incidence of policy transfer and imitation. This article argues that both these approaches would gain much from a more complex consideration of what `policy' is, and, in particular, where it comes from. More detailed empirical studies of the process of penal policy formation in different countries are a vital precondition to better understanding of how changes in social routines and cultural sensibilities are reflected in key political decisions. This is illustrated by consideration of three high-profile examples of British penal policy developments in recent years, all of which have been associated with similar changes in the USA. These are privatized corrections, `zero tolerance' policing strategies and the registration of sex offenders. We argue that these examples highlight the need for both broad generalizing studies of the structural and cultural preconditions for certain policy developments, and detailed studies of the process of criminal justice policy making.

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Matteson, Jamie, Stanley Sciortino, Lisa Feuchtbaum, Tracey Bishop, Richard S. Olney, and Hao Tang. "Adrenoleukodystrophy Newborn Screening in California Since 2016: Programmatic Outcomes and Follow-Up." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 7, no. 2 (April 17, 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns7020022.

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X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a recent addition to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel, prompting many states to begin screening newborns for the disorder. We provide California’s experience with ALD newborn screening, highlighting the clinical and epidemiological outcomes observed as well as program implementation challenges. In this retrospective cohort study, we examine ALD newborn screening results and clinical outcomes for 1,854,631 newborns whose specimens were received by the California Genetic Disease Screening Program from 16 February 2016 through 15 February 2020. In the first four years of ALD newborn screening in California, 355 newborns screened positive for ALD, including 147 (41%) with an ABCD1 variant of uncertain significance (VUS) and 95 males diagnosed with ALD. After modifying cutoffs, we observed an ALD birth prevalence of 1 in 14,397 males. Long-term follow-up identified 14 males with signs of adrenal involvement. This study adds to a growing body of literature reporting on outcomes of newborn screening for ALD and offering a glimpse of what other large newborn screening programs can expect when adding ALD to their screening panel.

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Ravindran, Greeshma, Sarah Zahir, Aju Abraham, and Pooja Pushpa Sasidharan. "Awareness of hearing loss in newborns and newborn hearing screening facilities among parturient." Journal of Community Health Management 11, no. 1 (April 15, 2024): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jchm.2024.007.

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Parental awareness about hearing loss in newborns and newborn hearing screening programs are important for the early identification and intervention in children with hearing loss. Limited studies have explored the awareness of parturient mothers towards newborn hearing loss, newborn hearing screening, its importance and, the facilities for early hearing screening programs available at hospitals and clinics in the Indian scenario.The current study investigated the awareness of parturient about newborn hearing loss, newborn hearing screening facilities and its importance through a self- administered questionnaire survey. A total of 317 parturient across different clinics and hospitals in the city of Mangalore, state of Karnataka participated in the survey.: Majority of the parturient mothers (71.29%) were aware of the probability of hearing loss among newborns and only 56.46% of the participants had knowledge about the risk factors for newborn hearing loss. Only 42.58% have heard about newborn hearing screening before and 57.42% of the participants were unaware of the hearing screening programs available in hospitals and clinics and its importance. Despite of the education or socio-economic status, there exists a lack of knowledge among parturient mothers about hearing loss in newborns and newborn hearing screening. Responses from the current study raise concern about the need to educate the public particularly the new mothers or expecting mothers about the newborn hearing loss, risk factors for newborn hearing loss, hearing screening programs available in hospitals and clinics and its importance. Early identification of hearing loss in children is crucial for the successful implementation of early hearing intervention and better prognosis.

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Yan, Sen Rong, Gefei Qing, David M. Byers, Andrew W. Stadnyk, Walla Al-Hertani, and Robert Bortolussi. "Role of MyD88 in Diminished Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production by Newborn Mononuclear Cells in Response to Lipopolysaccharide." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 3 (March 2004): 1223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.3.1223-1229.2004.

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ABSTRACT Human newborns are more susceptible than adults to infection by gram-negative bacteria. We hypothesized that this susceptibility may be associated with a decreased response by leukocytes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we compared LPS-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by mononuclear cells (MNC) from adult peripheral blood and newborn umbilical cord blood in vitro and attempted to determine the mechanisms involved in its regulation. At a high concentration of LPS (10 ng/ml) and in the presence of autologous plasma, MNC from adults and newborns secreted similar amounts of TNF-α. However, in the absence of plasma, MNC from newborns secreted significantly less TNF-α compared to MNC from adults. Moreover, at a low concentration of LPS (0.1 ng/ml) and in the presence of plasma, TNF-α secretion was significantly lower for newborn MNC compared to adult MNC. Adults and newborns had similar numbers of CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)-positive cells as measured by flow cytometry. However, the intensity of the CD14 marker was greater for adult than for newborn cells. Incubation of cells with LPS led to an increase in CD14 and TLR-4 intensity for adult cells but not for newborn cells. The effect of LPS stimulation of adult or newborn cells was similar for ERK, p38, and IκBα phosphorylation, as well as IκBα degradation. Finally, we assessed levels of the TLR-4 adapter protein, the myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (MyD88). We found a direct relation between adult and newborn TNF-α secretion and MyD88, which was significantly decreased in newborn monocytes. Since TLR-4 signals intracellularly through the adapter protein, MyD88, we hypothesize that MyD88-dependent factors are responsible for delayed and decreased TNF-α secretion in newborn monocytes.

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Namazi, Hamidreza. "Investigating the Brain Development in Newborns by Information-Based Analysis of Electroencephalography (EEG) Signal." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 19, no. 04 (July 4, 2020): 2050043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477520500431.

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In this paper, we employ the information theory to analyze the development of brain as the newborn ages. We compute the Shannon entropy of Electroencephalography (EEG) signal during sleep for 10 groups of newborns who are aged 36 weeks to 45 weeks (first to the last group). Based on the obtained results, EEG signals for newborns in 36 weeks have the lowest information content, whereas EEG signals for newborns in 45 weeks show the greatest information content. Therefore, we concluded that the information content of EEG signal increases as the age of newborn increases. Th result of statistical analysis demonstrated that the influence of increment of age of newborn on the variations of informant content of their EEG signals was significant.

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Oberlander, Tim F., Ronald G. Barr, Simon N. Young, and Jessica A. Brian. "Short-term Effects of Feed Composition on Sleeping and Crying in Newborns." Pediatrics 90, no. 5 (November 1, 1992): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.5.733.

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To determine whether the composition of feedings would affect newborn behavior independently of the act of feeding itself, 53 two- to three-day-old normal newborns were randomly assigned to receive an extra feeding of water, carbohydrate (lactose), or balanced formula 3 hours after their usual early morning feeding. Previous studies in adult humans and animals, and a single study in human newborns, have indicated that more sleep might be expected following the carbohydrate feed compared with the water and balanced-formula feeds because of recruitment of centrally mediated serotonergic systems. Behavioral effects were assessed for 40 minutes postfeeding by direct observation of the newborn's states (quiet, active, and indeterminate sleep; drowsiness; non-cry wakefulness; and fret/cry). Feed composition did affect behavior, and the effects were fairly specific to particular newborn states. Non-cry wakefulness and drowsiness were unrelated to the presence or type of nutrients, but they tended to occur soon after the meal in all groups. Crying was increased in water-fed newborns relative to both carbohydrate- and formula-fed newborns. Sleeping showed specific patterns of change in all three groups. Sleep duration was increased in the balanced-formula group compared with the water group throughout the observation period. Contrary to the prediction, sleeping duration in carbohydrate-fed newborns never exceeded that of formula-fed newborns; rather, it resembled that of water-fed newborns early in the postprandial period, but formula-fed newborns later. These effects could not easily be explained by potential confounding factors such as handling, volume ingested, caloric intake, or plasma glucose concentration. The results confirm that variations in the composition of a single meal can affect newborn behavior in the postprandial period and that these effects vary over time. Predictions of more sleep in the carbohydrate vs balanced-formula groups were not confirmed, implying that serotonergic systems are less important than other putative mechanisms. The results suggest that typical variations in feeding composition have implications for the understanding of early newborn behavior, mother-infant interaction, and clinical disturbances in newborn state.

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Sossa Jerome, Charles, Donelle Agossadou, Colette Azandjeme, Clemence Metonoou, and Marius Kedoté N. "Weight gain in low-birth-weight newborns and associated factors in Central Benin settings." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2023): 4566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233747.

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Background: There is an association between low birth weight (LBW) and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to identify associated factors with low 4-week weight gain among low-birth-weight newborns benefiting from the "optimized mother-newborn care model" within Bohicon health district in Benin. Methods: This was a retrospective, analytical study of 124 low-weight newborns benefiting from the "optimized mother-newborn care model", monitored for four weeks, and their mothers. Data on newborns and mothers as well as on the healthcare system were gathered through documentary review and interviews. Logistic regression was used to investigate associated factors with weight gain. Results: Of the 124 newborns monitored, more than half (54.84%) were female, their average birth weight was 2110.24±217.05 grams, and 103 (83.06%) reached the weight threshold of 2500 grams after four weeks. The mean age of the 101 mothers surveyed was 23.47±5.23 years. High household size (OR=5.65; CI95%: [1.04-30.71]), absence of home visits by community health workers (OR=10.93; CI95%: [1.54-77.14]), breastfeeding by expressing milk directly from the breast into baby’s mouth (OR=13.90; CI95%: [2.57-74.97]) and non-consumption of hindmilk by the newborn (OR=10.93; CI95%: [1.72-47.08]), were associated with weight gain in these low-weight newborns. Conclusions: The "optimized mother-newborn care model" appears to improve weight gain in low-birth-weight newborns. Taking into account the factors associated with low weight gain in low-weight newborns could improve the effectiveness of the implemented model in this health district.

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Et. al., T. Arul Raj,. "A Novel Genetic Convolutional Neuro Multi-Fuzzy Techniques for Newborn Face Recognition." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 11, 2021): 1037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2416.

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Advances in technology have made life simpler in today's society by supplying us with a variety of emerging demands lacking By assessing the progressive stability of biometric recognition accuracy for newborns, biometric recognition can be used to recognize missing newborns and prevent them from being switched in higher-level hospitals.. Recognizing and authenticating newborns is a major problem in many hospitals. The face recognition system does an outstanding job of identifying and authenticating the newborn. To answer these concerns, create a face recognition device for newborns. The proposed approach improves picture consistency on a newborn's face. Our objectives are to propose a genetic, convolutional neural network, and fuzzy logic-based automated framework for newborn face recognition. As a paradigm GCNMF is suggested for real-world newborn face recognition. Convolutional, pooling, and fully-connected layers, as well as a Neuro Fuzzy layer, form the Inherited Convolutional Neuro Multi-Fuzzy. The model employs hereditary, convolutional neural networks, and fuzzy logic to deal with ambiguity and imprecision in the input configuration representation. The efficacy and outcomes of the recommended method are then analyzed using newborn face datasets and the Genetic Convolutional Neuro Multi-Fuzzy (GCNMF) Approach.

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Baldwin, J. "Policing, Surveillance and Social Control: CCTV and Police Monitoring of Suspects. By Tim Newburn and Stephanie Hayman (Cullompton: Willan Publishing, 2002. 198 pp. pound30.00 hb)." British Journal of Criminology 42, no. 4 (September 1, 2002): 823–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/42.4.823.

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Sahoo, Sushama, and Arpita Singh. "A study on traditional practice of head-shaving in newborn care among mothers in a tertiary care centre in Malda, West Bengal, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200959.

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Background: Newborn period is culturally and traditionally sensitive in every society. Different communities have different traditional practices when it comes to taking care of newborn. Head-shaving in newborn period is one such unique traditional practice existent among rural population of West Bengal. This study was conducted to explore the traditional practice of head-shaving and to highlight its related morbidities among newborns following head-shaving.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at triage of special newborn care unit of Malda Medical College and Hospital among 650 mothers who presented to us with their sick newborns following head-shaving. After obtaining informed consent, mothers were interviewed. The data were collected using pre-designed questionnaires. Statistical analyses of the data were done using SPSS version 21.Results: In the present study, majority (52.62%) of the mothers were within the age group of 18-21 years and 94.15% belonged to Muslim community. Neonatal head-shaving was usually done on 4th day of life (48.15%) and on 10th day of life (28.77%). Baby bath following head-shaving was given in 49.54% newborns using pond water and 77.70 % mothers used crude mustard oil for massaging following baby bath. Following head-shaving, 37.69% of newborns presented with poor feeding, 33.23% with abdominal distension and 61.23% presented with respiratory distress.Conclusions: Findings of present study highlights the harmful aspects of traditional practice of head-shaving among newborns in rural Bengal. This practice can be avoided by proper health education and counselling of the mothers and her associates involved in newborn care.

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Mitchell, Lesley G., Laszlo Bajzar, and Amal Rahal. "Newborns Are Hyperfibrinolytic at Physiologic tPA Concentrations and the Increased Fibrinolysis Is Related to Decreased Apparent TAFIa." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1756.1756.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Differences in both quantitative and qualitative components of the fibrinolytic system in newborns are well described. The overall impact of these variations in components on actual fibrinolytic capacity in response to various concentrations of tPA has not been assessed. There were two objectives for the current study, To determine the relative clot lysis capacity of the newborn compared to the adult at various rt-PA levels. To determine the effect of endogenous thrombin activated fibrinolytic inhibitor (TAFIa) on clot lysis in newborns compared to adults. METHODS: Plasma from 20 normal adults and 20 normal cords were pooled. Plasma, 2.5 pM tissue factor, 5mM CaCl2 and 8 concentrations of rt-PA ranging from physiologic levels (0.02nM) to therapeutic levels (3.0 nM) was added to microtitre plates. Plates were sealed and clot turbidity was monitored at 405nm using a SpectraMax Platereader (Molecular Devices, USA) at 37°C over 72 hours. The following parameters of clot lysis were calculated: lag time to clot lysis initiation (lag time), slope/maximum absorbance-minimum absorbance correcting for differences in fibrin clot formed (slope), time at which clot turbidity equals one-half of the full-scale value (t 1/2) and iv) end of clot lysis (end time). In some experiments, potato tuber carboxypeptidase inhibitor (PTCI) a specific inhibitor of TAFIa, was added to plasma. RESULTS: Comparison of newborn to adult: for clarity only 2 concentrations of r-tPA are shown (Table I). At therapeutic concentrations of rt-PA (3.0 nM) newborns were comparable to adults on all parameters of clot lysis. In contrast, at physiologic concentrations of rt-PA (0.023nM) when compared to adults, newborns demonstrated decreased lag time more rapid completion of clot lysis more rapid t1/2 clot lysis increased slope of clot lysis. Effect of endogenous TAFI activity: Inhibition of TAFIa had no effect on the slope of lysis in either adult or newborn (data not shown). However, there was a large effect on decreasing lag time to lysis initiation in adults but little effect in newborns (Figure I). The lag time was comparable in adults with PTCI and to newborns. These data show that TAFIa activity has little effect on inhibiting fibrinolysis in newborns. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of rt-PA has a profound effect on the relative clot lysis in newborns compared to adults. At physiologic rt-PA concentrations the newborn initiates and completes clot lysis earlier and lyses clots at a faster rate than adults. Therefore, the newborn appears hyperfibrinolytic as compared to the adult at endogenous rt-PA concentrations. The hyperfibrinolytic response in the newborn can be explained, in part, by low apparent TAFIa concentrations. In contrast, at therapeutic rt-PA concentrations newborn clot lysis is comparable to the adult. Table I Comparision of clot lysis in newborn and adult plasma Lag time t 1/2 Slope Completion ** p<0.0001 when compared to adult 0.023nM tPA Adult 24,881±3628 74,267±6394 1.6±0.5 127,441±13,958 Newborn 11,971±2148** 27,469±3413** 3.6±0.7** 39,505±3,408** 3.0 nM tPA Adult 496±92 709±39 203±17 839±106 Newborn 577±47 734±44 228±26 900±42 Figure Figure

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Wilson, Genene Alexis, Deborah S. Bondi, Pooja A. Shah, Allison Nelson, Madan Kumar, and Palak H. Bhagat. "Neonatal Serum Gentamicin Concentrations and Outcomes Following Maternal Once-Daily Gentamicin Dosing." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2023): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-28.4.316.

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OBJECTIVE This study evaluated newborn gentamicin serum concentrations after birth and the effects on the newborn after extended interval gentamicin dosing in peripartum mothers. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective chart review of neonates born to mothers that received peripartum once-daily gentamicin dosing of approximately 5 mg/kg within 12 hours of delivery. A gentamicin serum concentration was obtained immediately after birth in the newborn. The primary outcome was initial neonatal gentamicin serum concentration after birth. Several secondary outcomes were evaluated including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. A subgroup analysis comparing baseline demographics of mother-newborn dyads with birth neonatal serum concentrations of less than 2 mcg/mL versus 2 mcg/mL or greater was performed. RESULTS A total of 32 mother-newborn dyads were included. Newborns had a median gestational age of 39.4 weeks and median birth weight of 3.4 kg. The mean initial gentamicin serum concentration was elevated at 3.1 ± 1.9 mcg/mL among all newborns. The median maternal dose based on actual body weight in newborns with gentamicin serum concentrations less than 2 mcg/mL was 3.5 (IQR, 3.3–4.8) mg/kg versus 4.8 (IQR, 4.3–5.2) mg/kg in those that had serum concentrations of 2 mcg/mL or greater (p = 0.025). All newborn gentamicin serum concentrations were less than 2 mcg/mL for maternal doses given less than 1 hour prior to delivery (n = 8). There were no significant differences in nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Peripartum once daily dosing of gentamicin administered between 1 to 12 hours of birth may lead to clinically significant serum concentrations in newborns.

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Ginting, Triyana. "Pengaruh Delay Cord Clamping Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Bayi Baru Lahir Di PMB Diah Rosita Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2022." Indonesian Scholar Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (ISJNMS) 2, no. 09 (April 27, 2023): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54402/isjnms.v2i09.351.

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Introduction: Delay Cord Clamping can increase iron storage at birth so as to prevent iron deficiency anemia and can provide an additional 80-100 ml of blood in newborns. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Delay Cord Clamping on the hemoglobin level of newborns in PMB Diah Rosita, Bogor Regency in 2022 Methods: This research is quantitative research. The design used is a quasi-experimental research design with Posttest Only Control Design Group Design Results: The results of this study are newborn hemoglobin levels in the intervention group averaged 18,320 and newborn hemoglobin levels in the control group averaged 15,500; statistical tests using Independent T-Test obtained a value of p = 0,000 < 0,05 which means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted so that there is an effect of Delay Cord Clamping on newborn hemoglobin levels Discussion: This can have a positive impact on newborns which is expected to be an alternative to prevent iron deficiency anemia in newborns.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Newburn'

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