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1
Verma, Anila. "Development of an obstetrical outcome measure to assess morbidity in newborns, newborn morbidity index." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23084.pdf.
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Gale, Christopher Robert Keith. "Newborn feeding and infant phenotype." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39361.
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Breastfeeding in infancy, when compared with formula feeding, is associated with a reduced incidence of components of the metabolic syndrome later in life. One potential mechanism is via an effect on lipid metabolism and storage, manifesting as altered adiposity and ectopic lipid deposition. I have examined the null hypothesis: no association is detectable between infant feeding and adiposity or ectopic lipid in infancy, through a meta-analysis of published studies and a prospective cohort study of healthy infants employing gold standard direct measurement techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy). Eleven studies were identified for meta-analysis: in formula-fed compared to breastfed infants, fat mass was lower at 3-4 months [mean difference (95% confidence interval)]: [-0.09 kg (-0.18, -0.01 kg)] and 6 months [-0.18 kg (- 0.34, -0.01 kg)]. Conversely, at 12 months, fat mass was higher in formula-fed infants [0.29 kg (-0.03, 0.61 kg)] than in breastfed infants. Eighty-seven infants were included in a prospective cohort, of which 73 were investigated at two time points. In healthy, term, breastfed infants adipose tissue accretion between birth and 2-3 months ages was predominantly within subcutaneous rather than internal adipose tissue compartments, and a significant increase in intrahepatocellular lipid was detected: median [interquartile range] 0.653 [0.367-1.900] after birth and 1.837 [1.408-2.429] at 2-3 months. Comparing breastfed with formula fed infants within this cohort no significant differences were detected in total adipose tissue, adipose tissue distribution or intrahepatocellular lipid between birth and 2-3 months. Significant associations were detected between maternal BMI, rate of weight gain in early infancy and gender, and adipose tissue partitioning at 2-3 months. While method of feeding is associated with altered infant fat mass up to 6 months, no association is detectable with adipose tissue partitioning or ectopic hepatic lipid at 2-3 months.
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Medves, Jennifer Mary. "The practice of newborn bathing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0008/NQ60003.pdf.
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Evans, N. J. "Skin permeability in the newborn." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373865.
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Штонда, А. О. "Особливості графічної стилістики Newborn-фотографії." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13556.
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Shum-Tim, Dominique. "The protection of the newborn myocardium." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26146.
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Definitive repair of complex congenital cardiac defects in early life has become the recent trend in pediatric cardiac surgery. This early aggressive surgical approach is to avoid the detrimental effects on the heart of chronic cyanosis, hypertrophy and volume overload which are the consequences of unrepaired congenital malformations. Adequate protection of the heart, not only during the period of corrective surgery, but also certain pre-ischemic events remain of paramount importance to the success of these operations. Profound systemic hypothermia followed by total circulatory arrest is widely used for the correction of congenital cardiac defects in the newborn. It involves a period of cold systemic perfusion on cardiopulmonary bypass before circulatory arrest is established. Using an isolated perfused piglet heart model, the first study demonstrated that prolonged cold perfusion of the immature heart could be detrimental in itself. When followed by a period of ischemic arrest, it further potentiated the myocardial injury and induced severe irreversible contracture. Further extension of this study showed that verapamil administered prior to prearrest cold perfusion could indeed minimize the functional and ultrastructural damage of prolonged myocardial cooling. This shed some light to the pathophysiology of prolonged prearrest cooling contracture of the newborn myocardium.
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Harpin, V. A. "The functional maturation of newborn skin." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603732.
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Aladangady, Dr Narendra. "Blood volume of the newborn infant." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515517.
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Green, Gabrielle. "Measuring pain in the newborn infant." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5647e78c-48fb-4b1d-a54f-146803bd7037.
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Hospitalised infants require multiple painful procedures a day as part of their essential medical care. However, identifying and managing pain in non-verbal populations is challenging - the gold standard in adults is self-report of pain, but in infants we must rely on surrogate measures. In this thesis, electroencephalography (EEG), behavioural measures and physiological changes are used to investigate infant pain responses, exploring how responses to noxious stimulation are modulated by analgesics, age and pathology. It is essential to validate measures of pain in infants. As pain is both an emotional and sensory experience, noxious-evoked brain activity likely provides an important surrogate pain measure. An EEG template of noxious-evoked brain activity was validated for use in an independent group of infants: the noxiousevoked brain activity was only elicited in response to noxious stimulation and not in response to stimulation of other sensory modalities; was correlated with pain-related behaviour; and was sensitive to analgesic modulation by the use of topical local anaesthetic. This provides a novel approach, which can be used to test analgesic efficacy in infants. Behavioural responses form the cornerstone of clinical infant pain assessment. However, it is not clear whether the youngest, most premature infants are able to mount behavioural responses that can discriminate between noxious and innocuous stimulation. In this thesis, I have investigated the behavioural response to noxious and tactile stimulation in infants from 28-41 weeks corrected gestational age (CGA). The youngest infants demonstrated a lack of behavioural discrimination, being equally likely to mount a behavioural response to a tactile or a noxious stimulus. Responses diverged with increasing age, such that from approximately 32 weeks' gestation, infants were significantly more likely to display facial grimacing to noxious stimulation. Finally, the impact of pathology on pain experience has not been well studied. I have investigated how early life infection impacts pain-related responses and demonstrate, using a multidimensional approach, that infants with infection display significantly greater noxious-evoked brain activity and are more likely to mount a behavioural response compared with non-infected infants. In summary, this thesis demonstrates that responses to pain are altered by age and pathology, and provides a novel brain-derived approach to testing the efficacy of analgesic interventions in infants.
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Wilkinson, Dominic James Clifford. "Ethical issues in the use of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in newborn infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy : neuroimaging and decision-making for brain injured newborns." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d61e4318-3568-4310-bf92-c7d70f2cb3da.
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Infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (birth asphyxia) have a high risk of death or disability. Those with poor prognosis are sometimes allowed to die after withdrawal of intensive care. In recent years, doctors have used new types of brain scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to predict the type and severity of impairment if the infant survives and to help with such decisions. In this thesis, I analyse the issues arising from the use of MRI for prognostication and decision-making in newborn infants. I argue that previous prognostic research has been hampered by a failure to identify and focus on the most important practical question and that this contributes to uncertainty in practice. I outline recommendations for improving research. I then look at existing guidelines about withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. I identify several problems with these guidelines; they are vague and fail to provide practical guidance, they provide little or no genuine scope for parental involvement in decisions, and they give no weight to the interests of others. I argue that parental interests should be given some weight in decisions for newborn infants. I develop a new model of decision-making that, using the concept of a Restricted Life, attempts to set out clearly the boundaries of parental discretion in decision-making. I argue that where infants are predicted to have severe cognitive or very severe physical impairment parents should be permitted to request either withdrawal or continuation of treatment. I justify this model on the basis of overlapping interests, (prognostic, experiential and moral) uncertainty, asymmetrical harms, and the burden of care. In the conclusion, I set out a guideline for the use of MRI in newborn infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. I suggest that this guideline would provide a more robust, coherent and practical basis for decision-making in newborn intensive care.
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Terrazzan, Ana Carolina. "Níveis de adipocitocinas em sangue de cordão umbilical de recém-nascidos pré- termos de muito baixo peso e recém-nascidos de termo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/52948.
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Introdução: Adiponectina e leptina são produzidas no ambiente intrauterino, e estão envolvidas no crescimento fetal. Contudo, poucos estudos apresentaram dados de níveis de adiponectina e leptina comparando recém-nascidos (RN) pequenos e adequados para idade gestacional, prematuros de muito baixo peso e a termo. Objetivo: Comparar níveis de adiponectina e leptina em sangue de cordão umbilical de recém-nascidos prematuros muito baixo peso (MBP) e recém-nascidos a termo, e determinar sua relação com peso ao nascer (PN) e ser pequeno (PIG) ou adequado (AIG) para idade gestacional. Métodos: Estudo transversal com recém-nascidos prematuros de muito baixo peso (MBP), com idade gestacional <32 semanas e peso ao nascer <1500g, e recém-nascidos a termo com idade gestacional >37 semanas, nascidos em um hospital terciário, no período de Janeiro de 2010 à Maio de 2011. Critérios de exclusão: presença de malformações congênitas maiores, erros inatos do metabolismo, anomalias cromossômicas. Níveis de adiponectina e leptina em sangue de cordão umbilical foram determinados por enzimoimunoensaio com kit ELISA (R&D Systems). O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética e pesquisa da instituição sob número (09460). Empregados teste t de Student, Mann-Whitney e regressão linear, e aceito nível de significância p<0.05. Resultados: Ao todo foram estudados 127 recém-nascidos, 55 RNPTMBP e 72 a termo. Gênero, diabetes gestacional, infeção do trato urinário, idade e IMC maternos foram similares em ambos os grupos. Os níveis de adiponectina foram significativamente mais baixo nos recém-nascidos pré-termo do que nos recém-nascidos a termo: 1.57±0.74pg/mL versus 2.4±0.22pg/mL (p<0.001), respectivamente. Os níveis de leptina foram similares entre os grupos: 1.25±0.90pg/mL e 1.38±0.99pg/mL (p=0,481) nos recém-nascidos a termo e prematuros respectivamente. Independente de serem adequados ou pequenos para idade gestacional, RNPTMBP apresentaram níveis de adiponectina mais baixos (p<0,001). Os níveis de leptina e insulina foram similares em ambos os grupos, independentemente de serem AIG ou PIG. Na regressão linear com adiponectina como variável dependente, apenas prematuridade foi estatisticamente significativo. Conclusão: Prematuridade é o principal fator determinante para os baixos níveis de adiponectina em sangue de cordão umbilical em recém-nascidos.Background: Adiponectin and leptin are produced in the intrauterine environment and are involved in fetal growth. However, few studies present data on adiponectin and leptin leves comparing adequate and small for gestational age very low birth weight preterm newborns. Aim: Compare the levels of adiponectin and leptin in cord blood of full term newborns and very low birth weight preterm, and determine its relation with birth weight and being small for gestational age. Methods: Cross sectional study with cord blood adipocytokines dosage in very low birth weight preterm (VLBW), with gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks and birth weight ≤1500 grams, full term newborns, with GA ≥37 weeks, born at tertiary hospital between January 2010 and May 2011. Exclusion criteria were presence of major congenital malformation, metabolism innate errors, chromosomal anomalies. All includes newborn had a protocol filled with maternal and neonatal data. Adiponectin and leptin levels were determined by ELISA kits (R & D Systems). The study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards and hospital’s ethics committee under the number 09-460. Applied student T test, Mann- Whitney and linear regression. Accepted p <0,05 as significant level. Results: Included 127 newborns, being 55 VLBW preterm and 72 full term. There were no statistic difference regarding gender, maternal gestational diabetes, urinary tract infection, age and BMI. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in preterm than in full term newborns (1.57±0.74 pg/mL versus 2.4±0.22pg/mL (p<0,001), respectively. Leptin levels were similar in both groups: 1.25 ±0.90pg/mL in full term infants and e 1.38±0.99pg/mL in preterm (p=0,481). When we evaluate adequacy for gestational age inside groups, despite being adequate or small for gestational age, VLBW preterm showed lower levels of adiponectin (p<0,001) and again, there was no statistically significant difference for leptin levels. In the linear regression, prematurity was the only independent variable associated to the low levels of adiponectin (p <0,001). Conclusion: our data suggests that been born prematurely is the main determinant factor for adiponectin levels in umbilical cord of newborns. It’s important to know perinatal factors that may interfere in the secretion of adipocytokines so that it’s possible to develop preventive strategies of metabolic syndrome, not only in adulthood but also in early childhood.
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Burke, Nancy Ann. "Alternative methods for newborn urine sample collection." FIU Digital Commons, 1994. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1890.
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This project investigated the accuracy of laboratory results of urine samples collected from cotton balls as compared with samples collected from catheterization, preemie pampers and newborn pampers. Also, it examined the cotton ball's effect on the infant's skin upon its removal. Comparisons in test results were made concerning the Directigen test for Group B strep (GBS) and labstick analysis, using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The infants (21) who were tested for GBS using catheter and cotton ball samples yielded the same results.
Urine samples subjected to labstick analysis were obtained from 30 infants, the urine being extracted from preemie pampers, newborn pampers, and cotton balls placed in preemie pampers. Samples obtained from cotton balls and preemie pampers yielded equivalent results. However, significant differences were found in pH and specific gravity between newborn pamper samples and samples obtained from cotton balls or preemie pampers. No redness or skin breakdown was observed.
13
Tarquinio, Nancy. "Newborn response to decreased sound pressure level." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74573.
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Human newborns' response to decreased sound pressure level (SPL) was investigated with a localized headturning habituation procedure. Following criterion orientation (three headturns toward the sound out of four consecutive trials) and habituation (three consecutive trials with no headturns or headturns away from the sound), study 1 and 2 assessed newborn female infants' (M age = 41 hrs.) responses to lower-volume sounds immediately following habituation and following a 55-sec delay, respectively. Generalization of habituation to decreased volume following delay with recovery immediately following habituation was observed. Immediate recovery to decreased SPL contradicts a selective receptor adaptation view because a lower-intensity stimulus does not engage a separate set of receptor cells. It is proposed that generalization of habituation following delay involves recognition of the sound as familiar despite variations in volume.
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溫錫剛 and Shek-kong Thomas Wan. "Neutrophil function tests in Chinese newborn infants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893363.
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Chukwudifu, Chibuikem Nwabueze, and Leila Mwakinpunda. "Course of aspiration syndrome in newborn infants." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41241.
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Aspiration syndrome of newborn children is one of reasons of development of the decompensated respiratory insufficiency that requires realization of artificial ventilation of lungs (ALV). In the department of intensive therapy new-born (ICU) of the Sumy regional child's clinical hospital for period 2009-2014 acted 1179 babies, 200 (17%) from them were hospitalized with a diagnosis neonatal aspiration.
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Wan, Shek-kong Thomas. "Neutrophil function tests in Chinese newborn infants." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13186292.
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Waiswa, Peter. "Understanding newborn care in Uganda : towards future interventions /." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-869-3/.
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Araia, Makda. "Newborn Screening Education: A Survey of Ontario Mothers." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20333.
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Purpose and methods: Effective parental education about newborn screening (NBS) may help to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms of screening. We investigated experiences, knowledge and opinions regarding NBS education among Ontario mothers. Mothers whose infants recently received NBS were invited to complete a mailed survey (n=1712).
Results: Of the 750 participants, 93% recalled their infant receiving NBS, while 69% recalled receiving information about NBS. Of this group, fewer than 50% reported receiving information prenatally, yet a majority of mothers (64%) viewed this as the most important time for education. Those who received information prenatally reported higher satisfaction (OR 2.4). The 40% of mothers who recalled being informed about the meaning of results had higher knowledge about NBS (OR 2.7) and reported higher satisfaction (OR 4.2).
Conclusions: Parental education about NBS could place greater emphasis on the prenatal period and on fostering understanding about the meaning of results.
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Lord, Andrew P. D. "Intestinal absorption of [beta]-casomorphins in newborn animals /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbl866.pdf.
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Ousey, Jennifer C. "Thermoregulation and energy metabolism in the newborn foal." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304028.
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Smith, Claire Lindsay. "Towards microarray diagnosis of infection in the newborn." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25196.
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Background & Aims: Infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in newborn infants. Current methods for diagnosing infection are unreliable. It would be beneficial if a test could be found that could diagnose infection sensitively, accurately and reliably - particularly if more rapid and from smaller samples. Microarrays are a useful means of global analysis of gene expression. One particularly exciting application of microarrays could be in diagnosing infection by detecting alteration in host RNA phenotype in response to infection. I set out to investigate whether small volumes of neonatal blood could yield RNA of sufficient quality and quantity to carry out microarray analysis and to identify suitable methods of sample handling and RNA extraction. I then went on to determine if differences in gene expression profiles could be detected between infants with confirmed infection and a group of controls using microarray technology. Methods: Umbilical cord blood was used to optimise blood collection tube, RNA extraction method and sample storage conditions. RNA quality and yield were assessed for each. RNA samples from neonatal blood taken from infants with confirmed infection and controls were then run on microarray: initially on CodeLink™ Whole Human Genome Microarray and later on Illumina® Human Whole-Genome Expression BeadChips. Normalised, validated microarray data was analysed to examine differences between control and infected samples. Functional annotation according to gene ontology and pathway analysis was performed. Results: High quality RNA yields sufficient for microarray work were obtained. The optimum blood collection tube, RNA extraction method and sample handling conditions are described. Results from the Codelink™ arrays are presented along with discussion of problems encountered using this platform. Results from 28 infected and 35 control samples run on the Illumina® platform are presented. 6221 features were significantly differentially expressed between infected and control groups (adjusted p-value < 0.001). 448 features had > 2-fold up-regulation and 341 features > 2-fold down-regulation (p < 0.001). Functional annotation and pathway analysis revealed a notable proportion of these are involved in immune functions. Conclusions: Sufficient high quality RNA for microarray analysis can be obtained from small neonatal blood samples. Differential RNA expression profiles of host response can be detected between infected and non-infected infants. Such data may provide an alternative way for diagnosing infection in infants in the future. Large-scale studies are required to explore this further.
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Goksan, Sezgi. "Imaging nociceptive brain activity in the newborn infant." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ea4d49fc-cf7e-4775-bb82-ddb3385cc2d9.
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In this thesis electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are used to investigate the temporal and spatial patterns of noxious-evoked brain activity in newborn infants. EEG was used to investigate responses to graded intensities of experimental noxious stimulation, and evoked brain activity was compared with behavioural and spinal cord activity constituting common surrogate measures of pain in infants. Nociceptive-specific brain activity was elicited in response to all forces of experimental noxious stimulation (applied forces: 32 - 128 mN). In addition, the magnitude of the noxious-evoked response was positively correlated with the magnitude of reflex leg withdrawal, and this relationship was observed in the absence of changes in facial expression. As fMRI had not previously been used to investigate nociceptive processing in infants at 3 Tesla, initial experiments were conducted to optimise the acquisition parameters. The results from optimisation showed that an echo time of approximately 50 ms should be used in future fMRI studies in infants. Experiments conducted alongside this optimisation used fMRI to investigate the cortical and subcortical structures activated by experimental noxious stimulation (applied forces: 32 - 128 mN) in newborn infants (0 - 11 days old). This was compared with noxious-evoked brain activity in adults (applied forces: 32 - 512 mN). Experimental noxious stimulation evoked a widespread pattern of brain activity in newborn infants that overlapped with the network of brain regions activated by nociceptive processing in adults.
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Addison, Camilla. "Nurses' knowledge of SUPC and Safe Newborn Positioning." Case Western Reserve University Doctor of Nursing Practice / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=casednp1554989784669556.
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Simon, Remil B. S., Darshan M. D. Shah, Peter B. S. Blosser, Demetrio M. D. Macariola, and Jeffrey M. D. Carlsen. "Treatment of CMV Vitritis in a Preterm Newborn." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/165.
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Title: Treatment of CMV Vitritis in a Preterm Newborn
Author’s Section: Remil Simon1, Darshan Shah1, Peter Blosser1, Demetrio Macariola1, Jeffrey Carlsen2
1.Department of Pediatrics, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
2.Johnson City Eye Clinic, Johnson City, TN
Body: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the neonate is an infrequent occurrence in the developing world, and observing the symptoms of ocular CMV infection such as vitritis is rare. Treating CMV infection promptly is necessary to prevent mortality and potential neurological deficits including blindness and hearing loss. We encountered a preterm infant presenting with CMV sepsis immediately after birth. Our question was: will the current standard of treatment for CMV sepsis prevent CMV ocular infection? With our method of treatment, we followed the current standard of treatment for CMV infection by administering intravenous Gancyclovir for 6 weeks and oral Valgancyclovir for 6 months. Despite using the standard treatment to prevent neurological sequelae, the patient developed CMV vitritis and retinitis bilaterally. Although the treatment did not prevent CMV ocular infection, the severity of CMV retinitis and vitritis improved with treatment, and full resolution of vitritis was noted by day of life 61.
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Hassanpour, Hamid. "Time-frequency based detection of newborn EEG seizure." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15853/1/Hamid_Hassanpour_Thesis.pdf.
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Neurological diseases in newborns are usually first revealed by seizures, which are characterised by a synchronous discharge of a large number of neurons. Failure to control seizures may lead to brain damage or even death.
The importance of this problem prompted many researchers to look for accurate automatic methods for seizure detection. Nonstationarity and multicomponent behaviour of newborn EEG signals made this task very challenging. The significant overlap in the characteristic of background and seizure activities in newborn EEG signals added to the difficulty of seizure detection.
This research uses time-frequency based methods for automatic seizure detection. Since time-frequency signal analysis methods use joint representation in both time and frequency domains, they proved to be very suitable for analysis and processing of nonstationary and multicomponent signals such as newborn EEG.
Before using any seizure detector, the EEG data is pre-processed in order to reduce the noise effects using a time-frequency based technique. The proposed method is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique applied to the matrix representing the time-frequency distribution (TFD) of the EEG signal. It has been shown that by appropriately filtering the singular vectors associated with the TFD, one can effectively enhance the desired information embedded in the signal.
Neonatal EEG seizures can have signatures in both low frequency (lower than 10 Hz) and high frequency (higher than 70 Hz) areas. The seizure detection techniques proposed in the literature concentrated on using either low frequency or high frequency signatures but not both simultaneously. These methods tend to miss the seizures that reveal themselves only in one of the two frequency areas. In this research, we propose a detection method that uses seizure features in both low and high frequency areas.
To detect EEG seizures using the low frequency signatures, an SVD-based technique is employed. The technique uses the estimated distribution function of the singular vectors associated with the time-frequency distribution of EEG epochs to discriminate between seizure and nonseizure patterns.
The high frequency signatures of seizures are mostly the result of spike events in the EEG signals. To detect these spike events, the signal is mapped into the TF domain. The high instantaneous energy of spikes is reflected as a localised energy in the high frequency area of the TF domain. Consequently, a spike can be seen as a ridge in this area of the TF domain. It has been shown that during seizure activity there is regularity in the distribution of the interspike intervals. This feature has been used as the basis for discriminating between seizure and nonseizure patterns.
The performance results obtained by applying the proposed methods on EEG signals extracted from a number of newborns show the superiority of these methods over the existing ones.
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Hassanpour, Hamid. "Time-Frequency Based Detection of Newborn EEG Seizure." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15853/.
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Neurological diseases in newborns are usually first revealed by seizures, which are characterised by a synchronous discharge of a large number of neurons. Failure to control seizures may lead to brain damage or even death. The importance of this problem prompted many researchers to look for accurate automatic methods for seizure detection. Nonstationarity and multicomponent behaviour of newborn EEG signals made this task very challenging. The significant overlap in the characteristic of background and seizure activities in newborn EEG signals added to the difficulty of seizure detection. This research uses time-frequency based methods for automatic seizure detection. Since time-frequency signal analysis methods use joint representation in both time and frequency domains, they proved to be very suitable for analysis and processing of nonstationary and multicomponent signals such as newborn EEG. Before using any seizure detector, the EEG data is pre-processed in order to reduce the noise effects using a time-frequency based technique. The proposed method is based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique applied to the matrix representing the time-frequency distribution (TFD) of the EEG signal. It has been shown that by appropriately filtering the singular vectors associated with the TFD, one can effectively enhance the desired information embedded in the signal. Neonatal EEG seizures can have signatures in both low frequency (lower than 10 Hz) and high frequency (higher than 70 Hz) areas. The seizure detection techniques proposed in the literature concentrated on using either low frequency or high frequency signatures but not both simultaneously. These methods tend to miss the seizures that reveal themselves only in one of the two frequency areas. In this research, we propose a detection method that uses seizure features in both low and high frequency areas. To detect EEG seizures using the low frequency signatures, an SVD-based technique is employed. The technique uses the estimated distribution function of the singular vectors associated with the time-frequency distribution of EEG epochs to discriminate between seizure and nonseizure patterns. The high frequency signatures of seizures are mostly the result of spike events in the EEG signals. To detect these spike events, the signal is mapped into the TF domain. The high instantaneous energy of spikes is reflected as a localised energy in the high frequency area of the TF domain. Consequently, a spike can be seen as a ridge in this area of the TF domain. It has been shown that during seizure activity there is regularity in the distribution of the interspike intervals. This feature has been used as the basis for discriminating between seizure and nonseizure patterns. The performance results obtained by applying the proposed methods on EEG signals extracted from a number of newborns show the superiority of these methods over the existing ones.
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Lora, Isabella. "Management of newborn calves in italian dairy farms." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426198.
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Despite of their great impact on animal welfare and on farm incomes, morbidity and mortality rates of dairy replacement animals are often underestimated by dairy farmers. The highest risk of morbidity and mortality is usually recorded within the first months of the calf life. Because calves are born nearly deprived of antibodies, they strictly depend on colostrum ingestion to acquire the immune protection against infectious pathogens. Improper colostrum provision could lead to failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI), which is recognized to be the first relevant factor that affect calf health and survival. There is a lack of knowledge on mortality rates of young stock in Italian dairy farms and on the prevalence of FTPI in Italian dairy calves. Aims of this thesis were to preliminary investigate mortality rates of calves and heifers in Italian dairy farms, and then to evaluate different colostrum management practices in relationship to FTPI. Finally, it was investigated the association between passive immunity and health in calves. The median value of mortality rate in dairy farms was 5% in young stock of less than <12 mo of age and 0% in heifers from 12 to 24 mo of age. However, the wide variability among farms (n = 95) pointed out a serious situation in about one third of them, which showed excessively high mortality rates in at least one of the two age categories. The overall percentage of calves with FTPI was 41%, with a generally high within-farm prevalence (>20% in 71% of the 21 enrolled farms). Colostrum management practices, in terms of delivery time, amount, and quality of the first colostrum meal, were strictly related to calf serum Ig concentration: the level of passive immunity in calves increased linearly as the management of colostrum improved. To allow the calf to nurse colostrum from the dam, supported by the farmer assistance, was the best practice of colostrum provision in terms of transfer of passive immunity. However, it implied considerable calf-dam separation distress. The use of commercial colostrum supplements (CS) could be valuable in improving the transfer of passive immunity in calves. However, the CS tested in this thesis failed to prevent FTPI and to reduce the occurrence of calf neonatal diseases. Finally, outcomes of this thesis confirmed the importance of passive immunity to calf health, and particularly to calf neonatal diarrhea. In conclusion, great improvements are needed in newborn calf management in Italian dairy farms, and proper colostrum provision is the first step to improve calf health and welfare.I tassi di morbilità e mortalità negli animali da rimonta sono spesso sottovalutati dagli allevatori di vacche da latte, nonostante il loro considerevole impatto sul benessere animale e sui profitti dell’azienda. Il periodo di maggior rischio per la salute dei vitelli si concentra nei primi mesi di vita. Poiché i vitelli nascono praticamente privi di anticorpi, essi devono assumere il colostro per poter acquisire la protezione immunitaria contro gli agenti patogeni. La non corretta somministrazione del colostro può comportare il fallimento del trasferimento dell’immunità passiva (FTPI), che è considerato uno dei principali fattori di rischio per la salute e la sopravvivenza dei vitelli. Nelle aziende di vacche da latte italiane, i tassi di mortalità del giovane bestiame e la prevalenza di FTPI non sono ben noti. Gli obiettivi di questa tesi sono stati la definizione di tali tassi e la valutazione dell’associazione tra diverse pratiche di colostratura e FTPI, e tra immunità passiva e salute dei vitelli. La mediana del tasso di mortalità negli allevamenti di vacche da latte è stata di 5% per gli animali di età <12 mesi, e di 0% per le manze tra i 12 e i 24 mesi di vita. Tuttavia, l’ampia variabilità tra le aziende (n = 95) ha rivelato, per entrambe le categorie di età, tassi di mortalità elevati in circa un terzo degli allevamenti. La percentuale complessiva dei vitelli con FTPI è stata del 41%, con una prevalenza aziendale generalmente elevata (>20% nel 71% dei 21 allevamenti indagati). Le pratiche di colostratura, in termini di tempo di somministrazione, quantità e qualità del primo pasto dopo la nascita, erano strettamente correlate alla concentrazione sierica di Ig dei vitelli, che aumentava in modo lineare al migliorare della gestione del colostro. La colostratura dei vitelli sotto la madre, con l’assistenza dell’allevatore, è risultata essere il metodo migliore di somministrazione del colostro in termini di trasferimento dell’immunità passiva. Tuttavia, questo metodo comporta un notevole stress alla separazione degli animali. L’uso di prodotti commerciali che integrano il colostro materno potrebbe essere utile per migliorare il trasferimento dell’immunità passiva nei vitelli. Tuttavia, il prodotto testato in questa tesi non è risultato efficace nella prevenzione di FTPI e patologie neonatali. Infine, è stata confermata l’importanza dell’immunità passiva per la salute del vitello, in particolare verso le diarree neonatali. In conclusione, la gestione del vitello neonato nelle aziende di vacche da latte italiane necessita di importanti miglioramenti, a partire dalla corretta somministrazione del colostro.
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Au, Man-tak. "A study on the growth profile and factors affecting the rate of growth of new born babies in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13064915.
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Luz, Idalina Marly da. "Triagem auditiva neonatal em uma maternidade pública de Curitiba-PR: fatores determinantes para a não adesão ao reteste." Universidade Tuiuti do Parana, 2014. http://tede.utp.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1424.
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INTRODUCTION: This paper has as its theme "Newborn Hearing Screening in a Public Maternity Hospital in Curitiba - PR: Determining Factors for non Adherence to Retesting". According to the 2010 IBGE Census, 5.1% of the population experiences some hearing difficulty. Under Law 12.303/10, it became mandatory to carry out the so-called "Newborn Hearing Test", in newborns before hospital discharge, in order to diagnose possible hearing problems by three months of age. When there is a risk indicator for hearing loss, for the mother or baby, auditory monitoring must be carried out through otoacoustic emissions during the 1st year of the baby’s life. It happens that many mothers do not appear for the hearing retest, thereby undermining the monitoring for these children. OBJECTIVE: To identify the determinants for non-adherence to retesting in neonatal hearing screening at a public hospital in the city of Curitiba-PR for mothers of newborns who presented risk factors for deafness but did not attend retesting. METHOD: 60 mothers of babies who missed the mandatory hearing retest for neonatal hearing screening (NHS) were interviewed. The mother's age, education, marital status, level of knowledge about screening, reasons for non-adherence to retest were the variables considered. The responses were entered into a spreadsheet and submitted to Fischer and Chi-squared tests at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The predominant age range of the mothers was 20-29 years (41.67%); 51.67% were educated only to a primary level, and 46.67% to a high school level. Regarding marital status, 70% of the sample lived alone. All respondents reported that infants listened well, but 63.33% were unaware of the NHS. Among the respondents, 90% received no prenatal guidance or explanatory material about the OAE test; only 20% were targeted during hospitalization; 30% of the sample stated that they "forgot" to do the retest. No significant relationship between age, education and marital status for non-adherence to the retest was found. CONCLUSION: Among the reasons identified for non-adherence to the retest, a large number of participants did not see the needed value in retesting, since the mothers forgot the retest date. This fact allows us to infer that the lack of knowledge about neonatal hearing screening interferes with adherence to the program. However, age, education and marital status did not seem to interfere with the decision to retest and monitor the newborn’s hearing health. The concept of adherence to the retest requires greater analysis by multidisciplinary health professionals. These professionals should be sensitized to the problem because it is their responsibility to make mothers aware of the retest’s importance through knowledge, appreciation and participation in the program. Better communication between health care networks and mothers is needed; conducting informational and motivational campaigns for pregnant women; using standard civil media channels for better orientation about early detection of hearing impairment, since there is little knowledge about the subject.
INTRODUÇÃO: Esta dissertação tem como tema a “Triagem Auditiva Neonatal em uma Maternidade Pública de Curitiba - PR: Fatores Determinantes para a não Adesão ao Reteste”. Segundo o Censo de 2010 do IBGE, 5,1% da população brasileira apresenta alguma dificuldade auditiva. A Lei 12.303/10 tornou obrigatória a realização do denominado “Teste Auditivo Neonatal”, nos recém-nascidos antes da alta hospitalar, para diagnosticar possíveis problemas auditivos até os três meses de idade. Quando houver indicador de risco para deficiência auditiva, na mãe ou no bebê, ele deve realizar o monitoramento auditivo, por meio das emissões otoacústicas, durante o 1º ano de vida. Ocorre que muitas mães não comparecem para o reteste auditivo, o que compromete o seguimento destas crianças. OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores determinantes para a não adesão ao reteste na triagem auditiva neonatal, em mães de recém-nascidos em maternidade pública da cidade de Curitiba-PR, que apresentaram fatores de risco para surdez e não compareceram ao reteste. MÉTODO: Foram entrevistadas 60 mães de bebês que faltaram ao reteste auditivo obrigatório da triagem auditiva neonatal. Foram consideradas as seguintes variáveis: idade da mãe, escolaridade, estado civil, nível de conhecimento sobre a triagem, motivos que justificaram a não adesão ao reteste. As respostas obtidas foram digitadas em planilha eletrônica e submetidas aos testes estatísticos de Fischer e Qui-quadrado ao nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: a faixa etária predominante das mães foi de 20 a 29 anos (41,67%); 51,67% apresentaram escolaridade apenas ao nível fundamental e 46,67%, do ensino médio. Quanto ao estado civil, 70% da amostra, viviam sós. Todas as respondentes referiram que os recém-nascidos escutavam bem, mas 63,33% desconheciam a TAN. Dentre as entrevistadas, 90% não receberam orientação no pré-natal, nem material explicativo quanto ao teste da orelhinha; somente 20% foram orientadas durante o internamento; 30% da amostra refere que “esqueceu” a consulta. Não foi encontrada relação significativa entre idade, escolaridade e estado civil para a não adesão ao reteste. CONCLUSÃO: Identificados os motivos para não adesão ao reteste, observa-se que grande parte da amostra não deu o valor necessário ao procedimento de reteste, uma vez que as mães esqueceram a data da consulta. Tal fato permite inferir que a falta de conhecimento sobre a triagem auditiva neonatal interfere na adesão ao programa. Porém, a idade, a escolaridade e o estado civil não parecem interferir sobre a decisão de retornar ao serviço e monitorar o desempenho da saúde auditiva do recém-nascido. O conceito de adesão ao teste requer maior análise multidisciplinar dos profissionais da saúde, que devem estar sensibilizados ao problema, pois lhes cabe a conscientização das mães para que haja conhecimento, valorização e participação no programa. É necessária melhor comunicação entre as redes de assistência à saúde e as mães; a realização de campanhas informativas e motivadoras para gestantes; a utilização dos meios de comunicação da sociedade civil, para orientar melhor quanto à detecção precoce da deficiência auditiva, uma vez que há pouco conhecimento acerca do tema.
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Burghardt, Jacqueline Sarah. "Leukotrienes mediate hyperoxia-induced lung damage in newborn rats." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34743.pdf.
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Rubarth, Lori. "Nursing Patterns of Knowing in Assessment of Newborn Sepsis." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1105%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Bhattacharya, J. "A quantitative analysis of newborn spontaneous and auditory behaviour." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372710.
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Rawson, George Mansell. "Francis Henry Newbury and the Glasgow School of Art." Thesis, Glasgow School of Art, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323364.
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Clark, Lynne. "Manipulation and control of thermoregulation in the newborn lamb." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239505.
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Calder, Nicole Andrea. "Development of chemical control of breathing in the newborn." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243416.
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Alsultan, Saad I. H. "Vitamin E and subcapsular liver rupture in newborn lambs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322753.
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Jakaite, Livija. "Bayesian assessment of newborn brain maturity from sleep electroencephalograms." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/293806.
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In this thesis, we develop and test a technology for computer-assisted assessments of newborn brain maturity from sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). Brain maturation of newborns is reflected in rapid development of EEG patterns over a number of weeks after conception. Observing the maturational patterns, experts can assess newborn’s EEG maturity with an accuracy ±2 weeks of newborn’s stated age. A mismatch between the EEG patterns and newborn’s physiological age alerts clinicians about possible neurological problems. Analysis of newborn EEG requires specialised skills to recognise the maturity-related waveforms and patterns and interpret them in the context of newborns age and behavioural state. It is highly desirable to make the results of maturity assessment most accurate and reliable. However, the expert analysis is limited in capability to estimate the uncertainty in assessments. To enable experts quantitatively evaluate risks of brain dysmaturity for each case, we employ the Bayesian model averaging methodology. This methodology, in theory, provides the most accurate assessments along with the estimates of uncertainty, enabling experts to take into account the full information about the risk of decision making. Such information is particularly important when assessing the EEG signals which are highly variable and corrupted by artefacts. The use of decision tree models within the Bayesian averaging enables interpreting the results as a set of rules and finding the EEG features which make the most important contribution to assessments. The developed technology was tested on approximately 1,000 EEG recordings of newborns aged 36 to 45 weeks post conception, and the accuracy of assessments was comparable to that achieved by EEG experts. In addition, it was shown that the Bayesian assessment can be used to quantitatively evaluate the risk of brain dysmaturity for each EEG recording.
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Hintze, Richard Robert. "Kent A. Newbury: A Study of His Choral Works." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596086.
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Kent Alan Newbury is an American composer who was born in Chicago in 1925, and currently resides in Scottsdale, Arizona. He has composed over 550 works and has had 282 choral works published. His first published piece was Psalm 150 (1955) and his latest publication was Praise the Lord, All Ye People (2013). Thirty-nine of his published choral pieces are still in print. At this time, the unpublished manuscripts include 204 choral pieces, four solo works, four instrumental works for dance, thirty-seven brass or band works, six woodwind pieces, and nineteen string or orchestra works. Newbury's complete catalog is included as Appendix B. During his Initial Period (1955-1965), Newbury had eighteen pieces published. In his Developmental Period (1966-1985), 247 pieces were published. That is an average of twelve pieces published per year. During his Mature Period (1986-present), he has had seventeen pieces published. This is the first published work documenting Newbury's life and music. It is hoped this study will introduce more choral directors to Newbury's music and encourage the performance of his music by more college, church, and school choirs. Analysis of Newbury's published choral works reveals the consistent inclusion of four stylistic traits: syncopation, text painting, parallelism, and textural layering. This study demonstrates how the use of these stylistic traits develops through his compositional career, both in terms of the frequency of usage and the progression of the technique. Syncopation is plentiful throughout Newbury's three periods. Syncopation and rhythmic displacement are found in 37% of published pieces in his Developmental Period and in 100% of published pieces in his Mature Period. The syncopation ranges from simple to complex, and it is sewn into the inner fabric of his compositional style. Text painting is used a great deal in Newbury's Initial Period, but the frequency diminishes in his later periods. Instead, he approaches his composition as he is inspired by the text, and the music reflects the text, in its totality if not in detail. Parallelism is a favored stylistic trait. Newbury composes with parallel fifths and fourths, and parallel chords moving in similar motion (planing) as well as contrary motion (the omnibus progression). Despite his teachers' objections to the use of parallel fifths, this is a consistent element throughout his career. Textural layering is a technique in which notes are added or repeated to call attention to the text or to build harmonic structures. As with text painting, the frequency of usage is most prevalent in his earlier periods.
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Romesberg, Tricia L. "Midline Catheter Use in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/544.
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Ongoing evaluation of current practice and incorporation of evidence based research into guidelines and protocols is a requirement for the provision of high quality, cost efficient care. Despite some literature describing observational data, midline catheters (MCs) are not an appropriate vascular access device for Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) patients due to insufficient high level evidence demonstrating safety and efficacy. In addition, national guidelines for MC use in neonatal and infant patients lacks sufficient information for safe and effective use of MCs.
The results of this small, online survey indicate that while some neonatal nurses and Nurse Practitioners report the use of MC use in the NICU, there is a wide range of practice pertaining to MC unit-specific protocols, competencies, success with placement, and clinician agreement of appropriate use for this vascular access device (VAD). Multicenter, randomized control trials are needed to evaluate current MC practice in the NICU, and institutions must incorporates current, evidence based practice into policies, procedures, and guidelines.
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Samson, Gregory Raymond. "An immune study of newborn infants with congenital syphilis." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26182.
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Buser, Karen N. Kamiri. "Parental Attitudes Regarding Newborn Screening for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1307627473.
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Ossler, Sarah. "Attitudes and Beliefs toward Expanded Newborn Screening in Colombia." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1399629916.
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Lawhon, Gretchen. "Facilitation of parenting within the newborn intensive care unit /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7195.
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Popeo, Mariagrazia. "Assessing functional connectivity in the newborn brain using fNIRS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368751.
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Functional connectivity represents a powerful approach to describe the intrinsic activity of the brain. It reveals the organization and correlations among anatomically separated regions supporting similar cognitive and sensory processes. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), the recurrent spatial characteristics of these patterns have been extensively explored in the adult brain and their disruption has been found to be associated with psychiatric and developmental disorders. Unveiling the processes of emergence of resting state networks at a very early stage of life could shed light on the neuronal origins of these diseases. However, the study of the inception and development of functional connectivity in the newborn brain poses exceptional challenges, due to the complexity of dealing with non-compliant subjects. To this end, cortical activity at birth can be investigated using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) that represents a promising non-invasive neuroimaging method for developmental studies.
In the present thesis, I applied fNIRS to assess functional connectivity in term neonates. The first part of the dissertation is dedicated to investigating the maturation of a specific resting state network, the Default Mode Network, within the first 48 hours of life. The study aimed to examine its emergence, for the first time, using optical imaging on newborns immediately after birth. While the majority of fMRI literature focused on large-scale spatial patterns, I took a different approach measuring an intrinsic and localized fingerprint feature of the network, consistently detected in adult subjects.
In the second part of the dissertation, I aimed at improving the anatomical representation of brain connectivity, inferred only from signals collected at the scalp. Thus, I developed and validated a method for the reconstruction of spatially distributed functional signals on a dedicated template for term newborn subjects. The intent is to promote the shift from a sensor space description (one signal for each channel) to a source space representation in which the origin of the signal is reconstructed with better anatomical fidelity. The reliability of the reconstruction method was tested on synthetic and real data. In the former case, I simulated spatially correlated neural activity in the cortex, thus enabling assessment of the reconstructed images against a ground-truth map.
Analyses of functional connectivity in both sensor and source space showed that the Default Mode Network is still immature at birth, with a lack of homotopic correlation in the lateral parietal cortices, and no evidence of anticorrelation with the Dorsal Attention Network, a well established feature in the adult brain.
Overall the work presented in the thesis contributes to the understanding of functional connectivity in the infant’s brain and provides useful tools for source-based connectivity analysis and for probe design and optimization.
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Popeo, Mariagrazia. "Assessing functional connectivity in the newborn brain using fNIRS." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2019. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3768/1/Thesis_Popeo_Mariagrazia.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Functional connectivity represents a powerful approach to describe the intrinsic activity of the brain. It reveals the organization and correlations among anatomically separated regions supporting similar cognitive and sensory processes. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), the recurrent spatial characteristics of these patterns have been extensively explored in the adult brain and their disruption has been found to be associated with psychiatric and developmental disorders. Unveiling the processes of emergence of resting state networks at a very early stage of life could shed light on the neuronal origins of these diseases. However, the study of the inception and development of functional connectivity in the newborn brain poses exceptional challenges, due to the complexity of dealing with non-compliant subjects. To this end, cortical activity at birth can be investigated using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) that represents a promising non-invasive neuroimaging method for developmental studies.
In the present thesis, I applied fNIRS to assess functional connectivity in term neonates. The first part of the dissertation is dedicated to investigating the maturation of a specific resting state network, the Default Mode Network, within the first 48 hours of life. The study aimed to examine its emergence, for the first time, using optical imaging on newborns immediately after birth. While the majority of fMRI literature focused on large-scale spatial patterns, I took a different approach measuring an intrinsic and localized fingerprint feature of the network, consistently detected in adult subjects.
In the second part of the dissertation, I aimed at improving the anatomical representation of brain connectivity, inferred only from signals collected at the scalp. Thus, I developed and validated a method for the reconstruction of spatially distributed functional signals on a dedicated template for term newborn subjects. The intent is to promote the shift from a sensor space description (one signal for each channel) to a source space representation in which the origin of the signal is reconstructed with better anatomical fidelity. The reliability of the reconstruction method was tested on synthetic and real data. In the former case, I simulated spatially correlated neural activity in the cortex, thus enabling assessment of the reconstructed images against a ground-truth map.
Analyses of functional connectivity in both sensor and source space showed that the Default Mode Network is still immature at birth, with a lack of homotopic correlation in the lateral parietal cortices, and no evidence of anticorrelation with the Dorsal Attention Network, a well established feature in the adult brain.
Overall the work presented in the thesis contributes to the understanding of functional connectivity in the infant’s brain and provides useful tools for source-based connectivity analysis and for probe design and optimization.
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Horne, Pamela. "The effects of glucose on the memory and attention of newborn human infants /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30668.
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The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to determine whether glucose enhanced memory for a repeated auditory stimulus in human newborns. Infants consumed water or glucose (2-g/kg) solution. Memory test phases were: Orientation (turning towards the stimulus); Habituation (not turning towards), indicating familiarity; Delay (100 seconds); Spontaneous Recovery (stimulus representation: not turning towards indicates remembering, while turning towards indicates forgetting), and Novelty (turning towards a different word confirms wakefulness). Decreased head-turning towards during Spontaneous Recovery indicates enhanced memory. Blood glucose levels were measured after testing."Glucose" infants had higher blood glucose levels than "water" infants (p < 0.001). "Glucose" infants had significantly decreased turns towards during Spontaneous Recovery compared to "water" infants (p = 0.008), indicating memory enhancement.
Therefore, glucose specifically enhances memory for a repeated auditory stimulus in newborn humans. Elevating blood glucose levels by approximately 2 mmol/L appears to be sufficient for memory enhancement in healthy newborns.
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Marshall, Timothy R. "Holding and rocking the full-term neonate: the immediate and residual effects on behavioral state and heart rate." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54237.
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This study explored infants' immediate and residual responses to holding and rocking, and how these responses relate to previously proposed mechanisms to explain long term benefits found when infants are repeatedly exposed to tactile and vestibular stimulation. This form of stimulation has been proposed to increase infants' ability to control and organize l) their behavioral state, 2) their arousal and autonomic functioning, or 3) that there is no clear relationship between immediate responses and long term benefits.
Behavioral state and heart rate were collected on 40 infants who were randomly assigned to either a control group where infants were briefly repositioned twice but otherwise lay undisturbed for 90 minutes or an experimental group where infants were held and rocked for 30 minutes during the middle of a 90-minute observation. Results of analyses showed that, when infants were held and rocked they 1) displayed a lower Heart Rate Mean and Standard Deviation, 2) displayed a lower Mean Heart Rate During Active Sleep, 3) spent less time in a FussCry State, 3) were less likely to cry continuously, and 4) displayed nominally Smoother State Transitions and greater Stability Within States. Following the cessation of the rocking stimulus infants in the Experimental Group l) displayed a lower Mean Heart Rate, 2) displayed a lower Mean Heart Rate while in a Quiet Alert State, 3) were more likely to spend some time in a Quiet Sleep State, and 4) were less likely to cry continuously. In addition, all infants displayed Smoother State Transitions and greater Stability Within States during the first 30 minutes than during the final 30 minutes of the observation. Finally, across the 90-minute observation, the infants who were not rocked spent progressively more time in a Quiet Alert State, whereas infants who were rocked spent less time in a Quiet Alert State. The results were the most consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanism leading to both the immediate and residual effects of the stimulation was an increase in control and organization of infants’ arousal and autonomic functioning.Ph. D.
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Tulloh, Robert Michael Rhys. "The effect of chronic hypoxia on newborn intra-pulmonary arteries." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270289.
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Ibrahim-Swailum, Doaa. "Identifying risk factors for newborn outcomes using artificial neural networks." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27141.
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The goal of this thesis is to identify the risk factors for caesarean delivery, neonatal mortality and low Apgar score using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The medical domain of interest used is the perinatal database provided by the Perinatal Partnership Program of Eastern and Southeastern Ontario (PPPESO). The ability of the ANNs to generate strong predictive model with the most influential variables was tested. Different ANN techniques for weight extraction and determining the importance of each input variables were applied. The thesis used feedforward ANNs trained by the backpropagation algorithm, as this is a widely used ANN in medical applications. Finally, minimal sets of variables (risk factors) that are important in predicting each outcome without degrading the ANN performance were identified.
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Nault, Michael A. "Effects of lactic acid on bronchomotor tone in the newborn." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31234.pdf.
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