Academic literature on the topic 'Newborn infants Transfer'
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Journal articles on the topic "Newborn infants Transfer"
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Patel, Sweta M., Sabelle Jallow, Sefelani Boiditswe, Shabir A. Madhi, Kristen A. Feemster, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Tonya Arscott-Mills, et al. "Placental Transfer of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antibody Among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 9, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piz056.
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Abstract Background Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with lower placental transfer of antibodies specific to several childhood pathogens. Our objective for this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal HIV infection on the placental transfer of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-neutralizing antibodies. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of mothers and their newborn infants at a tertiary hospital in Gaborone, Botswana, between March 2015 and December 2015. We measured serum RSV antibody levels by using a microneutralization assay. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate the effect of maternal HIV infection on maternal RSV antibody levels, placental transfer of RSV antibodies, and newborn RSV antibody levels. Results Of 316 mothers, 154 (49%) were infected with HIV. The placental transfer ratios for RSV antibodies to HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed, uninfected infants were 1.02 and 1.15, respectively. The geometric mean titer (95% confidence interval) of RSV-neutralizing antibodies was 2657 (2251–3136) among HEU newborns and 2911 (2543–3331) among HIV-unexposed, uninfected newborns. In multivariable analyses, maternal HIV infection was associated with lower placental transfer of RSV antibodies (P = .02) and a lower level of RSV antibodies among newborns (P = .002). Among HEU newborns, higher birth weight (P = .004) and an undetectable maternal antenatal viral load (P = .01) were associated with more effective placental transfer of RSV antibodies. Conclusions Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with lower mother-to-fetus transfer of serum RSV-neutralizing antibodies. HEU infants should be prioritized for preventive interventions for RSV. Maternal viral suppression through combination antiretroviral therapy has the potential to improve immunity to RSV among HIV-exposed infants.
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Namgung, Ran, and Reginald C. Tsang. "Factors affecting newborn bone mineral content: in utero effects on newborn bone mineralization." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 1 (February 2000): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000070.
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Several factors have been found recently to have a significant impact on newborn bone mineral content (BMC) and developing fetal bone. Recently we showed that maternal vitamin D deficiency may affect fetal bone mineralization. Korean winter-born newborn infants had extremely low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), high serum cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP; a bone resorption marker), and markedly lower (8 %) total body BMC than summer-born newborn infants. Infant total body BMC was positively correlated with cord serum 25-OHD and inversely correlated with ICTP, which was also negatively correlated with vitamin D status. In three separate studies on North American neonates we found markedly lower (8–12 %) BMC in summer newborn infants compared with winter newborn infants, the opposite of the findings for Korean neonates. The major reason for the conflicting BMC results might be the markedly different maternal vitamin D status of the North American and Korean subjects. Recently, we found evidence of decreased bone formation rates in infants who were small-for-gestational age (SGA) compared with infants who were appropriate-for-gestational age; we reported reduced BMC, cord serum osteocalcin (a marker of bone formation) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (the active metabolite of vitamin D), but no alterations in indices of fetal bone collagen metabolism. In theory, reduced utero-placental blood flow in SGA infants may result in reduced transplacental mineral supply and reduced fetal bone formation. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) have low BMC at birth, and infant BMC correlated inversely with poor control of diabetes in the mother, specifically first trimester maternal mean capillary blood glucose concentration, implying that factors early in pregnancy might have an effect on fetal BMC. The low BMC in IDM may be related to the decreased transplacental mineral transfer. Cord serum ICTP concentrations were higher in IDM than in control subjects, implying increased intrauterine bone resorption. BMC is consistently increased with increasing body weight and length in infants. Race and gender differences in BMC appear in early life, but not at birth. Ethanol consumption and smoking by the mother during pregnancy affect fetal skeletal development.
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Helve, Otto, Katri Korpela, Kaija-Leena Kolho, Terhi Saisto, Kirsi Skogberg, Evgenia Dikareva, Vedran Stefanovic, Anne Salonen, Willem M. de Vos, and Sture Andersson. "2843. Maternal Fecal Transplantation to Infants Born by Cesarean Section: Safety and Feasibility." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz359.148.
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Abstract Background A complication of cesarean section delivery is its interference with the normal intestinal colonization of the infant, affecting the development of immune system in early life—a process that has been associated with long-term morbidity, such as allergy and diabetes. We evaluated, in CS-delivered infants, whether the normal intestinal microbiome and its early life development could be restored by immediate postnatal transfer of maternal fecal microbiota to the newborn. Methods Seventeen healthy mothers with planned elective CS were recruited and screened thoroughly for infections, after which 7 mothers were included in the study. A fecal sample was processed according to a transplantation protocol and an aliquot (3–7 mg) was orally administered in breast-milk to the newborn during the first feeding. The infants were followed and fecal samples were gathered during the first 12 weeks of age and subsequently at the age of 8–18 months. Results The bacterial communities in the fecal samples of the mothers and their offspring were analyzed by sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons from isolated fecal DNA and compared with that of 11 nontreated CS-delivered infants and 34 vaginally delivered infants. The fecal microbiota at 3 and 12 weeks was similar between treated CS and vaginally delivered infants, in contrast to that of the untreated CS-delivered infants both in overall composition (P = 0.001, Figure) and development of early-life signature bacteria, i.e., bacteroides and bifidobacteria and clostridia (P < 0.0001). Conclusion The seeding of maternal fecal microbes to the newborn intestine can be safely and successfully mimicked in elective CS by transferring a small amount of maternal fecal microbiome orally to the newborn infant. In these infants, this process results in a microbial development that is highly similar to that of the vaginally born infants, and provides support for the hypothesis that microbial colonization in early life results from a maternal fecal transfer. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.
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Rendina, Mark C., Noel Carrasco, Brian Wood, Andrew Cameron, and Carl Bose. "A LOGIT MODEL FOR THE EFFECT OF TELECARDIOLOGY ON ACUTE NEWBORN TRANSFERS." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 17, no. 2 (April 2001): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300105100.
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The deregionalization of neonatal intensive care in the United States has shifted the site of care for many newborn infants away from academic medical centers where subspecialty support is available.Objective: To investigate the effect of immediate echocardiogram interpretation via telemedicine on rates of neonatal transfer to academic medical centers.Methods: A logit model was developed to predict the probability of transfer from two regional level 3 neonatal intensive care units to academic medical centers. One of these units implemented a telecardiology program and the other acted as a comparison institution with on-site cardiology expertise. The telecardiology intervention began 18 months into the 36-month study period.Subjects: Infants (n = 2,142) admitted to neonatal intensive care at either of the two institutions during calendar years 1994 through 1996.Results: A statistically significant reduction in the rate of transfer to academic medical centers was observed. Telecardiology was associated with a 58% reduction of such transfers (p = .001, 95% CI = 30%, 75%). No such reduction was noted at the comparison institution. It is estimated that approximately 30 transfers were eliminated during the study period, resulting in the elimination of approximately $150,000 in hospital charges. In addition, the infants that were transferred after the adoption of telemedicine were more often transferred to their telemedicine partner institution (p < .02).
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Beebe, Susan A., John R. Britton, Helen L. Britton, Pelly Fan, and Bryan Jepson. "Neonatal Mortality and Length of Newborn Hospital Stay." Pediatrics 98, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.98.2.231.
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Objective. To investigate the effect of hospital discharge time on neonatal mortality of term newborns. Design. Infants who were discharged home at 5 days of age or younger and who subsequently died were compared with control infants using a retrospective casecontrol design. Descriptive information was collected from records of infants who were not discharged home from the hospital of birth (because of death or transfer to a tertiary care hospital) to determine the age at which their illnesses presented. Methods. We reviewed death certificates for all infacts with birth weights of 2500 g or greater born at 37 weeks' gestational age or greater who died in the first 28 days of life and who were born in one of four Utah counties (1985 through 1989). Of the 109 256 eligible births, 115 infants were found who had died in the neonatal period. Eighty-four infants had not been discharged home from the hospital of birth, 5 infants had had hospital stays of more than 5 days, 9 records could not be located, 17 presumed healthy infants were discharged from the hospital at 5 days of age or younger. These 17 infants were each matched with 3 control infants. Newborn nursery charts were reviewed to determine hospital discharge times for case and control infants. Descriptive information regarding the time of presentation of illness was collected for the other 89 infants. Results. The mean age of hospital discharge was 43 ± 21 hours for the 17 case infants and 47 ± 25 hours for the 51 control infants. The odds ratio for neonatal mortality for discharge at less than 24 hours was 1.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.42 to 3.34) and for discharge at less than 48 hours was 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 3.34). Of the 84 infants who were not discharged home from the hospital of birth, 93% had been symptomatic by 12 hours of age, and 99% were symptomatic by 18 hours. Conclusions. Most full-term infants who die in the neonatal period are symptomatic within the first 18 hours after birth. We could not demonstrate an association between early hospital discharge and neonatal mortality in those infants who died after discharge home.
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Makino, Hiroshi, Akira Kushiro, Eiji Ishikawa, Delphine Muylaert, Hiroyuki Kubota, Takafumi Sakai, Kenji Oishi, et al. "Transmission of Intestinal Bifidobacterium longum subsp.longumStrains from Mother to Infant, Determined by Multilocus Sequencing Typing and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 19 (August 5, 2011): 6788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05346-11.
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ABSTRACTThe gastrointestinal tracts of neonates are colonized by bacteria immediately after birth. It has been discussed that the intestinal microbiota of neonates includes strains transferred from the mothers. Although some studies have indicated possible bacterial transfer from the mother to the newborn, this is the first report confirming the transfer of bifidobacteria at the strain level. Here, we investigated the mother-to-infant transmission ofBifidobacterium longumsubsp.longumby genotyping bacterial isolates from the feces of mothers before delivery and of their infants after delivery. Two hundred seven isolates from 8 pairs of mothers and infants were discriminated by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. By both methods, 11 strains ofB. longumsubsp.longumwere found to be monophyletic for the feces of the mother and her infant. This finding confirms that these strains were transferred from the intestine of the mother to that of the infant. These strains were found in the first feces (meconium) of the infant and in the feces at days 3, 7, 30, and 90 after birth, indicating that they stably colonize the infant's intestine immediately after birth. The strains isolated from each family did not belong to clusters derived from any of the other families, suggesting that each mother-infant pair might have unique family-specific strains.
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Sanjaya, Ayling, Nurhayati Masloman, Rocky Wilar, and Josef Tuda. "Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G in paired infant-and-mother sera." Paediatrica Indonesiana 49, no. 2 (April 30, 2009): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi49.2.2009.65-8.
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Background Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonotic diseasecaused by Toxoplasma gondii. Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT)is the result of vertical transmission during pregnancy thatmay cause pathologic effects on the newborn such as classicaltriad of congenital toxoplasmosis. Newborn humans are notimmunologically competent and the infant must be protected by passive lgG antibodies that are selectively transported across the placenta during development. We studied the transfer of passive lgG from the mother to developing infant using blood specimen taken from the infant within one month of birth.Objective To determine the seropositivity of lgG to T. gondii in paired sera of infants and mothers.Methods A cross sectional study was carried out on 50 pairedsera of infants of less than one month of age and their mothers. The study was carried out between November 2007 and January 2008 at Prof. R. D. Kandou Hospital in Manado. T. gondii lgG was detected using the Latex Agglutination method. The seropositivity ofT. gondii lgG was analyzed descriptively.Results A total of 28 mothers from 50 infant-mother pairs wereseropositive for T. gondii IgG. Of the 28 seropositive mothers, 22 of their paired infants were seropositive. The remaining six seropositive mothers had infants that were not seropositive for T. gondii.Conclusions The identification of seropositive lgG for T. gondii in infants less than one months age indicates that the lgGs in infants are mostly derived from their mothers. CT must be considered and further examinations are needed.
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Norman, E., P. Westrin, and V. Fellman. "Placental transfer and pharmacokinetics of thiopentone in newborn infants." Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 95, no. 4 (May 20, 2010): F277—F282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2009.177626.
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Rawat, Munmun, Praveen Chandrasekharan, Stephen Turkovich, Nancy Barclay, Katherine Perry, Eileen Schroeder, Lisa Testa, and Satyan Lakshminrusimha. "Oral Dextrose Gel Reduces the Need for Intravenous Dextrose Therapy in Neonatal Hypoglycemia." Biomedicine Hub 1, no. 3 (September 10, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448511.
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Background: Newborn infants with risk factors may require intravenous (IV) dextrose for asymptomatic hypoglycemia. Administration of IV dextrose and transfer to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may interfere with parent-infant bonding. Objective: To study the effect of implementing dextrose gel supplement with feeds in late preterm/term infants affected by asymptomatic hypoglycemia on reducing IV dextrose therapy. Method: A retrospective study was conducted before and after dextrose gel use: 05/01/2014 to 10/31/2014 and 11/01/2014 to 04/30/2015, respectively. Asymptomatic hypoglycemic (blood glucose level <45 mg/dl) infants in the newborn nursery (NBN) were given a maximum of 3 doses of dextrose gel (200 mg/kg of 40% dextrose) along with feeds. Transfer to the NICU for IV dextrose was considered treatment failure. Results: Dextrose gel with feeds increased the blood glucose level in 184/250 (74%) of asymptomatic hypoglycemic infants compared to 144/248 (58%) with feeds only (p < 0.01). Transfer from the NBN to the NICU for IV dextrose decreased from 35/1,000 to 25/1,000 live births (p < 0.01). Exclusive breastfeeding improved from 19 to 28% (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Use of dextrose gel with feeds reduced the need for IV fluids, avoided separation from the mother and promoted breastfeeding. Neonates who failed dextrose gel therapy were more likely to be large for gestational age, delivered by cesarean section and had lower baseline blood glucose levels.
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Demers-Mathieu, Veronique, Robert K. Huston, Andi M. Markell, Elizabeth A. McCulley, Rachel L. Martin, Melinda Spooner, and David C. Dallas. "Differences in Maternal Immunoglobulins within Mother’s Own Breast Milk and Donor Breast Milk and across Digestion in Preterm Infants." Nutrients 11, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11040920.
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Maternal antibody transfer to the newborn provides essential support for the infant’s naïve immune system. Preterm infants normally receive maternal antibodies through mother’s own breast milk (MBM) or, when mothers are unable to provide all the milk required, donor breast milk (DBM). DBM is pasteurized and exposed to several freeze–thaw cycles, which could reduce intact antibody concentration and the antibody’s resistance to digestion within the infant. Whether concentrations of antibodies in MBM and DBM differ and whether their survival across digestion in preterm infants differs remains unknown. Feed (MBM or DBM), gastric contents (MBM or DBM at 1-h post-ingestion) and stool samples (collected after a mix of MBM and DBM feeding) were collected from 20 preterm (26–36 weeks gestational age) mother–infant pairs at 8–9 and 21–22 days of postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for the concentration of secretory IgA (SIgA), total IgA (SIgA/IgA), total IgM (SIgM/IgM) and IgG. Total IgA, SIgA, total IgM and IgG concentrations were 55.0%, 71.6%, 98.4% and 41.1% higher in MBM than in DBM, and were 49.8%, 32.7%, 73.9% and 39.7% higher in gastric contents when infants were fed with MBM than when infants were fed DBM, respectively. All maternal antibody isotypes present in breast milk were detected in the infant stools, of which IgA (not sIgA) was the most abundant.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Newborn infants Transfer"
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Fanfoni, Alida. "Development of a thermal regulation response simulation model for human infants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95896.
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Thesis (MEng) -- Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thermal regulation response of a neonate has to maintain temperature homeostasis, thus resisting the changes to core temperature caused by the unstable external environment. In this thesis a theoretical thermal regulation response model for human infants subject to a well-defined environment is presented. This model will aid in understanding the influences of environmental effects on core and skin temperature. The respiratory system was also included in the thermal regulation response model. A literature study was undertaken emphasising thermal regulation of neonates. The blood circulation system, skin tissue physiology and the respiratory system physiology were reviewed and helped to provide a better understanding of the thermal regulation mechanisms and how heat transfer theory can be used to analyse heat loss in neonates. The thermal heat transfer properties of skin tissue was specified and used in the development of the theoretical simulation model. The bioheat equation developed by Pennes was reviewed as well as a mathematical model developed by Fiala et al. The theoretical model was developed by applying the conservation of energy and the applicable properties to one dimensional layers to generate a set of time dependent differential equations. The set of equations was solved using an explicit numerical finite difference method, given the initial conditions. The mathematical model included heat loss through the skin, heat loss through the respiratory system, as well as the effect of environments (in incubator or in a bassinette) with different temperatures, relative humidity’s and air velocities. Clothing was also incorporated. A clinical trial was conducted to facilitate a better understanding of thermal stability in neonates. The data acquired during the clinical trial was also used to verify/validate the theoretical simulation model. The results from the simulation temperatures were compared with the average outer skin layer temperature measured during the clinical trial and an average deviation of only 0.22 °C was found, thereby proving that the simulation model gives realistic results. An experimental respiratory model was designed to simulate the respiratory system and illustrate the functioning thereof with regards to heat transfer. This was done by designing an experimental mechanical lung apparatus. The apparatus was tested and successfully imitated the respiratory system with regards to heat transfer. The results obtained from this experiment indicated that the trachea must be moistened continuously in order to condition inhaled air. The outcome of this project identified two possible applications. For the first application it can be used as a test tool for quickly evaluating the influence of different environmental conditions in the transient temperature distribution of neonates. The second application would be to enable medical professionals to monitor the influence of the thermal environment, including the temperature, relative humidity and air velocity, on the neonate’s temperature change to allow for a speedier thermal intervention strategy.
AFRIKKANSE OPSOMMING: Die hitte regulering reaksie van 'n pasgebore baba moet temperatuur homeostase handhaaf, en sodoende die veranderinge aan die kern temperatuur weerstaan wat veroorsaak word deur ‘n onstabiele eksterne omgewing. In hierdie tesis word 'n teoretiese hitte regulerings reaksie model vir menslike babas, onderhewig aan 'n goed-gedefinieerde omgewing, aangebied. Hierdie model sal help met die verstaan van die invloed wat omgewings effekte het op die kern en vel temperatuur. Die respiratoriese sisteem is ook ingesluit in die hitte regulering reaksie model. 'n Literatuurstudie is onderneem met die klem op hitte regulering van pasgebore babas. Die bloed sirkulasie sisteem, vel weefsel fisiologie en die respiratoriese sisteem fisiologie is hersien en help met beter begrip van die hitte regulering meganismes en hoe hitteoordrag teorie kan gebruik word om hitte verlies in pasgebore babas te analiseer. Die hitte-oordrag eienskappe van vel weefsel is gespesifiseer en word gebruik in die ontwikkeling van die teoretiese simulasie model. Die ‘bioheat’ vergelyking ontwikkel deur Pennes is hersien asook 'n wiskundige model wat ontwikkel is deur Fiala et al. Die teoretiese model is ontwikkel deur die toepassing van die behoud van energie tesame met die gebruik van toepaslike eienskappe en een dimensionele lae om 'n stel tyd afhanklike differensiaalvergelykings op te wek. Die stel vergelykings is opgelos met behulp van 'n eksplisiete numeriese eindige verskil metode, gegewe die aanvanklike toestande. Die wiskundige model sluit in die hitte verlies deur die vel, hitte verlies deur die respiratoriese stelsel, sowel as die effek van die omgewing (broeikas of in 'n bassinette) met verskillende temperature, relatiewe humiditeit en lug snelhede. Klere is ook in ag geneem. 'n Kliniese proef is gedoen om 'n beter begrip van termiese stabiliteit in pasgebore babas te fasiliteer. Die data wat tydens die kliniese proef verhaal is, is ook gebruik om die die teoretiese simulasie model te verifieer. Die resultate van die simulasie temperature is vergelyk met die gemiddelde buitenste vel laag temperatuur gemeet tydens die kliniese proef en 'n gemiddelde afwyking van slegs 0.22 °C is gevind, wat dus bewys dat die simulasie model realistiese resultate gee. 'n Eksperimentele respiratoriese model is ontwerp om die respiratoriese stelsel te simuleer en die funksionering daarvan te illustreer met betrekking tot hitte-oordrag. Dit is gedoen deur die ontwerp van 'n eksperimentele meganiese long apparaat. Die apparaat is getoets en slaag daarin om die respiratoriese stelsel suksesvol na te boots met betrekking tot hitteoordrag. Die resultate verkry uit hierdie eksperiment het aangedui dat die tragea kostant klam gemaak moet word om ingeasemde lug te kondisioneer. Die uitkoms van hierdie projek het twee moontlike toepassings geïdentifiseer. Die eerste is dat dit as 'n toets instrument vir die vinnige evaluering van die invloed van verskillende omgewingsfaktore in die temperatuur verspreiding van pasgebore babas gebruik kan word. Die tweede toepassing sal wees om medici in staat te stel om die invloed van die termiese omgewing te monitor, insluitend die temperatuur, relatiewe humiditeit en lug snelheid, om die neonaat se temperatuur verandering te monitor en voorsiening te maak vir 'n vinniger verwarmings intervensiestrategie.
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Cardoso, Elaine Cristina. "Avaliação da transferência materno-infantil de anticorpos séricos e secretores dirigidos ao polissacarídeo da cápsula de Haemophilus influenzae tipo B (HIB) em amostras pré e pós-vacinais de mães com PRP conjugado ao toxóide tetânico (PRP-T)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-17092008-112422/.
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Introdução: O Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) é a primeira maior causa de meningites e pneumonias provocadas por bactérias encapsuladas. Trabalhos revelam que anticorpos maternos, séricos e secretores, podem proteger recém nascidos (RN) destes patógenos encapsulados e contribuem para a maturação do sistema imune do infante. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a transferência materno-infantil de anticorpos anti-Hib em mães vacinadas e que não receberam a vacina anti-Hib. Materiais e Métodos: Nós avaliamos 29 mulheres saudáveis, das quais 13 foram vacinadas e 16 não receberam a vacina ActHib®. Destas mães foram obtidas amostras de sangue periférico e do cordão umbilical, colostro e leite, sendo determinadas as imunoglobulinas totais (lgG e IgA) e suas subclasses (IgG1 e 2) por Imunodifusão Radial Quantitativa (IDR) e nefelometria. A concentração de anticorpos IgG, as subclasses (lgG1 e 2) e IgA anti-Hib foram analisados por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELlSA), também utilizado para determinar a avidez dos anticorpos IgG e IgA anti-Hib. Avaliação qualitativa destes anticorpos foi realizada a partir de ensaios de immunoblotting (IB). Resultados: As amostras maternas de mães vacinadas não apresentaram diferenças quantitativas de imunoglobulinas secretoras (lgA), séricas (lgG) e suas subclasses (lgG1 e 2) totais, comparadas às amostras de mães que não receberam a vacina anti-Hib. O grupo vacinado mostrou maior concentração e avidez de anticorpos específicos para o Hib quando relacionados ao grupo de mães não vacinado. Os soros de cordões umbilicais de mães imunizadas apresentaram menor taxa de passagem transplacentária que os cordões de mães não vacinadas. Em ambos os grupos, as amostras de colostro apresentaram maior concentração de imunoglobulinas totais e específicas para o Hib que as amostras de leite. O 18 revelou o mesmo padrão de reconhecimento antigênico para o Hib entre as amostras maternas, nas duas populações. Conclusão: Os resultados revelaram que o perfil de resposta humoral de mães vacinadas pode proteger mais o infante que as mães não vacinadas, pois o primeiro grupo transferiu maior quantidade de anlicorpos com melhor avidez para a criança, conferindo proteção eficaz com relação às doenças causadas por Hib.Background: Haemophilus influenzae, type b (Hib) has been one of the major causes of bacterial meningitis and pneumonia. Recent works show that maternal, seric and secretory antibodies, may protect the newborn and contribute the maturation of the infant immune system. Objective: The present study has as aim to investigates the maternal-infantile transfer of anti-Hib antibodies in immunized and not immunized mothers\' with anti-Hib vaccine. Material and Methods: We evaluated 29 healthy women, from whitch 13 mothers were immunized and 16 not immunized mothers with the ActHib® vaccine. From these mothers it were obtained peripheric and cord serum, colostrum and milk samples, the total immunoglobulin (IgG and IgA) and its subclass (lgG1 and IgG2) was determined by Quantitative Radial Immunodiffusion (IDR) and nephelometry. The concentration of anti-Hib IgG, subclass (lgG1 IgG2) and IgA antibodies were analyzed by immunoenzymatic assay (ELlSA), it also were utilized to determine the antibodies avidities\'. Qualitative evaluation these antibodies were determined by Immunoblotting assays (IB). Results: The results didn\'t show difference between maternal samples of the immunized and not immunized mothers in the concentration of the total secretory and seric imunoglobulins as well as its total immunoglobulins subclasses. The immunized set showed higher avidity and anti-Hib antibody levels comparing to the non-immunized mother sets. The umbilical cord serums\' from immunized mothers revealed lower rate of placental transfer than the cord serum of not immunized mothers. In both sets, the colostrum sample showed higher antibody levels comparing to the milk samples. IB revealed the same recognition pattern of Hib antigens between mother and cord serum IgG and colostrum and milk IgA, in both populations. Conclusion: The results shows that the antibodies profile response of the immunized mother can protect more the infant than the not immunized mother, because the first set transported higher quantity of antibodies with better avidity for the children, these antibodies confere an efficient protection to infections provoked by Hib.
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Ashokcoomar, Pradeep. "An analysis of inter-healthcare facility transfer of neonates within the eThekwini Health District of KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/809.
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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of
Technology: Emergency Medical Care, Durban University of Technology, 2012.Introduction The safe transfer of neonates from one healthcare facility to another is an integral component in the process of neonatal care. Neonates, a term applying specifically to infants during the first 28 days of life, are transferred from medical healthcare facilities which do not have specialist care or intensive care management to more specialised facilities in order to improve their clinical outcome and chance of survival. The transfer system is thus an important aspect of the overall care provided to neonates. The transfer process, however, poses a threat of aggravating the clinical condition of the neonate. Inter-healthcare facility transfer of a neonate requires careful planning, skilled personnel and specialised equipment to maintain the continuum of care, as this directly impacts on the morbidity and mortality of the neonate. Purpose of the study The purpose of the study was to undertake a descriptive analysis of the current neonatal inter-healthcare facility transfer system in the eThekwini Health District of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). This service is provided by the public sector ambulance service known as the Emergency Medical Rescue Service (EMRS). The study, based on 120 consecutive transfers, assessed the clinical demographics of the neonates, the time taken to complete the transfers, including time sub-intervals, the equipment that was necessary for the transfers and the qualifications and procedures performed by the transfer team. The study also identified any adverse events that were encountered during the transfers. Methodology The study was conducted from 19 December 2011 to 30 January 2012. It used quantitative methodology and a non-experimental prospective design to undertake a descriptive analysis of 120 inter-healthcare facility transfers of neonates within the eThekwini Health District of KwaZulu-Natal. Data collection relied upon two types of questionnaires. A descriptive survey method incorporated logistic and deductive reasoning to evaluate the objectives of this study. Frequency distributions were generated to describe data categories. Bivariate analysis was conducted using chi- square. Results During the study period there were a total of 120 neonatal inter-healthcare facility transfers. All referrals were undertaken by road ambulances. Eighty-three (62.2%), transfers were undertaken by the operational ambulance units, 35 (29.2%) by the obstetric unit and 2 (1.7%) by the planned patient transport units. Thirty one (28.5%) transfers were on Fridays, followed by 24 (20.8%) on Mondays and 20 (16.6%) on weekends. Ninety seven (80.8%) were during the hours of dayshift (07h00-19h00) and 23 (19.2%) were during nightshift (19h00-07h00). Of the 120 neonatal transfers, 29 (24.2%) were specialised transfers, of which 22 (75.9%) were ventilated. With reference to the gestational ages of the neonates being transferred 90 (76.7%), were pre-term, 26 (21.7%) were term and 2 (1.7%) were post-term. There were 11 (9.2%) newborns (from birth to 4 hours), 56 (46.7%) early neonates (from 4 hours to 7 days) and 53 (44.2%) late neonates (from 7 days to 28 days). Of the 120 neonatal transfers, 90 (75.0%) were pre-term having associated co-morbidities and 49 (40.8%) had respiratory problems. The mean time ± standard deviation (SD), taken by EMRS eThekwini to complete an inter-healthcare facility transfer was 3h 49min ± 1h 57min. The minimum time to complete a transfer was 55min and the maximum time was 10h 34min. The mean time ± SD from requests to dispatch was 1h 20min ± 1h 36min. The delays in dispatch were associated with no ambulances being available 70 (58.3%), no ALS personnel available 48 (40.0%), no equipment available 23 (19.2%) and no ILS personnel available 7 (5.8%) to undertake the transfers. Junior or inexperienced personnel in the communication centre also contributed to the time delays by dispatching ALS personnel for non-specialised transfers and requesting neonatal equipment when it had not been requested by the referring personnel for the transfer. The mean time ± SD from the referring hospital to the time mobile to the receiving hospital was 43min ± 26min. Six (5.0%) neonates were clinically unstable at the referring facility for transfer. For 15 (12.5%) transfers, neonates had been inappropriately packaged for transport by the hospital staff, which added to the delays, p. value = 0.018. The necessary equipment was unavailable for 37 (30.8%) of the transfers. The lack of equipment was due to problems such as poor resource allocation, and malfunctioning, inappropriate, insufficient and unsterile equipment. The pre- departure checklist had not been completed in 50 (41.67%) of the transfers. The study identified 10 (8.3%) adverse events related to the physiological state of the neonate and included 1 (0.8%) mortality. Nine (7.5%) neonates suffered serious life threating complications during transportation, 8 (6.7%) of which were due to desaturation, 6 (5.0%) due to respiratory deterioration, 3 (2.5%) due to cardiac deterioration and 1 (0.8%) due to temperature related problems. Eighteen (15.0%) of 120 transfers experienced equipment related adverse events of which 9 (7.5%) were associated with ventilators, 9 (7.5%) with incubators, 3 (2.5%) with the ambulance, 2 (1.7%) with the oxygen supply and 1 (0.8%) with arterial cannulation. Five (33.3%) of the 15 equipment related adverse events contributed directly to life threatening physiologically related adverse events, p. value = 0.007. Conclusion and recommendation The Emergency Medical Rescue Service (EMRS) is involved in the transportation of a significant number of neonates between various healthcare facilities in the eThekwini Health District, some requiring intensive care and some not. This descriptive, prospective study has identified numerous shortfalls in the service provided by the EMRS in the eThekwini District. Inter-healthcare facility transfer of neonates can be safely performed by the transport services if the operations are well co-ordinated and there are dedicated, specialised and trained transport teams armed with appropriate equipment and medication, together with the guidance of policies and quality assurance. Transport teams must be trained to provide this specialised care in various environments, including ground and air ambulances and understand the multiphase neonatal transfer processes. There must be good communication and co-ordination by all role players, which is underpinned by good team work to improve the standards of neonatal care and monitoring. Only then can clinical excellence be achieved when transporting neonates between healthcare facilities.
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Masekela, Refiloe. "Audit of neonatal transfers to a tertiary centre in the Tshwane metropolitan area." 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-1123005-125040.
Full textBooks on the topic "Newborn infants Transfer"
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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0013.
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Vitamin B12 is required for the synthesis of fatty acids and myelin and so is crucial for normal neurological function and maintenance of the CNS. In conjunction with folate, it is involved in red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis, and in embryogenesis, it is important for proper neural tube formation and brain development. Maternal intake during pregnancy is important, as only newly absorbed vitamin B12, and not that stored in the maternal liver, is concentrated in the placenta. Despite the active transfer during pregnancy, the vitamin B12 content in the newborn is low, and the infant is dependent on breast milk for ongoing needs. Pregnant and lactating women should ensure that their diet contains sufficient (animal) sources of vitamin B12; those consuming vegan or strict vegetarian diets should either take vitamin B12 supplements or seek foods that have been fortified with vitamin B12.
Book chapters on the topic "Newborn infants Transfer"
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Andriessen, Peter. "Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation in the Newborn." In Neonatal Monitoring Technologies, 201–21. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0975-4.ch009.
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This paper reviews the baroreflex mediated heart rate response in human infants with a focus on data acquisition, signal processing and autonomic cardiovascular modeling. Baroreflex mediated heart rate response is frequently used as an estimate of autonomic cardiovascular regulation. Baroreflex mediated heart rate response may be viewed in terms of a negative-feedback system. To study fluctuations in this feedback system, continuous registration of ECG and blood pressure waveforms are required. From these waveforms, time series of R-R interval and blood pressure values are derived. This paper focus on spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (e.g., R-R interval change per unit of arterial blood pressure change, ms/mmHg) calculated from cross-spectral analysis of spontaneous occurring changes in R-R interval and blood pressure. Despite different methodology (sequence method; transfer function analysis; head-up tilt) there is fairly good agreement of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity values during homeostasis. Preterm infants and term newborns have values of 2-4 and 10-15 ms/mmHg, respectively. These values are much lower than found in adults, approximately 25 ms/mmHg. The clinical relevance of a limited baroreflex function may be that acute perturbations of the cardiovascular system are poorly counteracted and may result in poor cerebral perfusion.
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Abbas, Abbas K., Konrad Heiman, Katrin Jergus, Thorsten Orlikowsky, and Steffen Leonhardt. "Neonatal Infrared Thermography Monitoring." In Neonatal Monitoring Technologies, 84–124. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0975-4.ch005.
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For critically ill preterm infants, there is a clinical need for contact-free monitoring technologies, which would eliminate discomfort and potential harm (e.g., necrosis) due to adhesive electrodes, temperature and saturation sensors. Hence, this chapter focuses on non-contact physiological monitoring of infants based on infrared (IR) thermography. This technique has the potential to replace the conventional temperature sensing by detecting radiated thermal energy emitted from the baby’s surface according to black-body radiation principle. This allows the application of a less invasive method giving more detailed information about the thermoregulation status of newborn infants. As an illustrative example, an investigation into thermoregulation physiology during kangaroo care method has been chosen to illustrate the benefit of this method for standardized neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) procedures. Furthermore, this technique may have a large impact on non-contact respiratory monitoring, as it allows quantitative evaluation of the heat transfer processes over nostrils region. Moreover, the ability to detect infrared respiration (IRTR) signature with thermography imaging, will pave the road toward a non-contact breathing monitoring. This in turn will influence the development efforts for wireless and smart incubator solutions.
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Wong, James, and Reza Razavi. "Solitary indeterminate single ventricle with aortic atresia." In Challenging Concepts in Congenital and Acquired Heart Disease in the Young, 117–26. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759447.003.0009.
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A newborn baby weighing 2.3 kg presented to the children’s emergency department with signs of respiratory distress. Initial assessment demonstrated poor peripheral perfusion, weak peripheral pulses and an elevated blood lactate level. Transcutaneous saturations were 85% on air. There was tachycardia, which was out of proportion to tachypnoea. A chest radiograph showed an abnormal cardiac silhouette. After consulting with the regional paediatric cardiology team, the child was commenced on a prostaglandin infusion and a transfer was arranged. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a functionally single ventricle of indeterminate origin with aortic atresia. A decision was made to proceed towards single ventricle palliation. Due to the child’s small size, banding of the branch pulmonary arteries was performed and the child remained on prostin infusion as an interim procedure. A Norwood operation was performed at 2 months of age. A 5-mm Sano conduit was inserted. The child was discharged from hospital at 3.5 months of age. Without an antenatal diagnosis, infants with aortic atresia or severe aortic stenosis and single ventricle physiology present early in the postnatal period with features of cardiogenic shock. Fluid resuscitation and administration of prostaglandin are essential. Unless echocardiography is available locally, the diagnosis may not be confirmed until transfer has been made to a cardiology centre. Usually echocardiography is sufficient to make the diagnosis, although additional imaging modalities, such as computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance, or cardiac catheterization, are occasionally required. The Norwood procedure is used as a palliative stepwise strategy. Mortality has improved dramatically in the last 30 years; however, there remains a burden of morbidity. This case explores the diagnosis, strategy, and common pitfalls often encountered in managing children with this new diagnosis.
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"Transport." In ACoRN: Acute Care of at-Risk Newborns, edited by Jill E. Boulton, Kevin Coughlin, Debra O'Flaherty, and Alfonso Solimano, 335–50. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197525227.003.0011.
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The transport chapter focuses on factors that determine the decision to transport a sick infant for higher level care and preparing the infant for transfer. How the transport system works and the responsibilities of those involved are described. Specifically, the chapter describes the information needed by the receiving hospital and clarifies the roles of the sending hospital, the receiving physician, coordinating physician, and the transport team. Tools to aid decision-making (e.g., the Situation/Background/Assessment/Recommendation/Readback-Response communication tool) and process (the NICU telephone consultation form and a sample neonatal transfer record) are included. A case scenario, which rounds out the chapter, provides a scenario in which a decision whether or not to transport must be made.
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Atwood, Emily C., Grace Sollender, Erica Hsu, Christine Arsnow, Victoria Flanagan, Joanna Celenza, Bonny Whalen, and Alison V. Holmes. "A Qualitative Study of Family Experience With Hospitalization for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome." In Opioid Addiction, 113–19. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610022798-a_qualitative.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in the United States quintupled between 2000 and 2012, little is known about the family perspective of the hospital stay. We interviewed families to understand their experiences during the newborn hospitalization for NAS and to improve family-centered care. METHODS A multidisciplinary team from 3 hospital units composed open-ended interview questions based on a literature review, clinical experience, and an internal iterative process. Trained investigators conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 families of newborns with NAS at hospital discharge. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two investigators independently analyzed each transcript, identified themes via an inductive qualitative approach, and reached a consensus on each code. The research team sorted the themes into broader domains through an iterative process that required consensus of 4 team members. RESULTS Five domains of family experience were identified: parents’ desire for education about the course and treatment of NAS; parents valuing their role in the care team; quality of interactions with staff (supportive versus judgmental) and communication regarding clinical course; transfers between units and inconsistencies among providers; and external factors such as addiction recovery and economic limitations. CONCLUSIONS Families face many challenges during newborn hospitalization for NAS. Addressing parental needs through improved perinatal education, increased involvement in the care team, consistent care and communication, and minimized transitions in care could improve the NAS hospital experience. The results of this qualitative study may allow for improvements in family-centered care of infants with NAS.
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Boldt, Kristi L. "Obstetric and Gynecologic Issues Related to Infectious Diseases." In Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review, 464–84. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199827626.003.0041.
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Infection is the most common complication during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Choices are limited for antibiotic therapy are limited. One must take into account the effect of pregnancy on serum levels, distribution of antibiotics, placental transfer, the fetus, the newborn, excretion in milk, the breast-feeding infant. Antimicrobial therapy is selected on the basis of experience and guidelines. Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections, bacterial vaginosis, preterm labor, preterm rupture of membranes, intra-amniotic infection, and major perinatal and puerperal infections are reviewed.
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Singh, Daljit. "WHAT TO DO ABOUT REFERRAL AND TRANSFERS OF HIGH RISK MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS?" In Improving Newborn Infant Health in Developing Countries, 503–16. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781848160705_0030.
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Nwoga, Cornelius, Nnanna Ikeh, Matthew Onodugo, Paul Baiyeri, and Ndubuisi Machebe. "Assisted Reproductive Technologies as Veritable Tools for Improving Production Efficiencies of N’dama and Muturu Cattle Breeds in Nigeria-A Review." In Bovine Science - Challenges and Advances. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100066.
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Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that have come to stay and are still being improved upon in developed countries are still in their infancy stage in developing countries like Nigeria. Nigeria’s cattle population is estimated to be around 18.4 million. The number is far insufficient to meet the country’s demand for meat, milk, and other cow products, let alone contribute to GDP. N’dama and Muturu are both Nigerian breeds that are resistant to trypanosomosis. They are humpless longhorn and humpless shorthorn types of beef cattle. The dairy and beef cow industries’ inadequate adoption of ART is partly to blame for Nigeria’s low cattle output. Sex determination, multiple-ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), oestrus synchronization, artificial insemination (AI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), cloning, and genetic engineering are all examples of assisted reproductive technologies. It has been reported in humans, rodents and domestic animals, abnormal fetuses, newborns and adult offspring arise from ART. Improper matching of breeding animals mostly leads to overfat calves. This review centers on the applications and potentials of ART in the production of trypanotolerant N’dama and Muturu cattle breeds. Some unorthodox medicines which have proven effective in human reproduction can circumvent the shortfalls in the adoption of ART.
Conference papers on the topic "Newborn infants Transfer"
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Alomar, Antonia, Araceli Morales, Antonio R. Porras, Marius G. Linguraru, Gemma Piella, and Federico Sukno. "Transferring 3D facial expressions from adults to children." In WSCG'2022 - 30. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2022. Západočeská univerzita, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.3201.14.
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Diagnosis of craniofacial conditions is shifting towards pre- and peri-natal stages, since early assessment has shown to be crucial for the effective treatment of functional and developmental aspects of children. 3D Morphable Models are a valuable tool for such evaluation. However, limited data availability on 3D newborn geometry, and highly variable imaging environments, challenge the construction of 3D baby face models. Our hypothesis is that constructing a bi-linear baby face model that allows identity and expression decoupling, enables to improve craniofacial and brain function assessments. Thus, given that adult and infants facial expression configurations are very similar and that 3D facial expressions in babies are difficult to be scanned in a controlled manner, we propose transferring the facial expressions from the available FaceWarehouse (FW) database to baby scans, to construct a baby-specific bi-linear expression model. First, we defined a spatial mapping between the BabyFM and the FW. Then, we propose an automatic neutralization to remove the expressions from the facial scans. Finally, we apply expression transfer to obtain a complete data tensor. We test the performance and generalization of the resulting bi-linear model with a test set. Results show that the obtained model allow us to successfully and realistically manipulate facial expressions of babies while keeping them decoupled from identity variations.
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Partridge, Tom J., David E. Morris, Roger A. Light, Andrew Leslie, Don Sharkey, John A. Crowe, and Donal S. McNally. "Finding Comfortable Routes for Ambulance Transfers of Newborn Infants*." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175873.
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Kowalski, William J., Berk M. Yigit, David J. R. Hutchon, and Kerem Pekkan. "Transition From the Fetal to Neonatal Circulation: Modeling the Effect of Umbilical Cord Clamping." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14431.
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The transition from fetal to neonatal circulation requires a concert of events to transfer gas exchange function from the placenta to the lungs and separate the pulmonary and systemic pathways. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) rapidly decreases within the first minutes of extrauterine life and continues to gradually decrease during the first week, increasing pulmonary blood flow and reducing pulmonary pressure [1, 2]. Umbilical vessels constrict, removing the placental circulation and leading to closure of the ductus venosus (DV) [2]. The increased left atrial filling and reduced right atrial filling results in permanent closure of the flap of the foramen ovale, removing the R→L interatrial shunt. Closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA) completes the separation of the pulmonary and systemic circulations by 48 hours in 82% of term newborns and by 96 hours in 100% [3]. Removal of the placental circulation is routinely achieved by umbilical cord clamping (UCC) immediately after birth. This practice, however, has been called into question by many studies, which suggest that continued umbilical flow in the early neonate is beneficial, and immediate UCC can lead to infant anemia [4, 5]. Due to routine UCC, the effects of this practice on transitional flow patterns are largely unknown [1, 6]. We therefore developed a lumped parameter model (LPM) to study the role of UCC in the fetal to neonatal transition. Our model includes time-varying resistance functions that allow us to simulate the opening of the PVR and closure of the DA and umbilical vessels. This model demonstrates that UCC can lead to an earlier onset of DA flow reversal and slightly reduced cardiac output (CO).