Academic literature on the topic 'Newborn infants Diseases Prevention'
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Journal articles on the topic "Newborn infants Diseases Prevention"
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Cotton, M., S. Kim, H. Rabie, J. Coetzee, and S. Nachman. "A window into a public program for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV: Evidence from a prospective clinical trial." Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 14, 2009): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v10i4.257.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives
To evaluate efficacy of the antenatal, intra-partum and post-natal antiretroviral components of a public service Prevention of Mother to Child (MTCT) program in infants.
Design
Analysis of prospectively collected screening data of demographic and MTCT-related interventions and HIV-infection status of infants identified through HIV-specific DNA polymerase chain reaction.
Setting
Tygerberg Children’s Hospital, Western Cape Province, South Africa.
Subjects
HIV-infected women and their infants identified through participation in a public service MTCT program were referred for possible participation in a prospective study of isoniazid prophylaxis.
Interventions
Key components of the Program include voluntary counselling and testing, zidovudine to the mother from between 28 and 34 weeks gestation and to the newborn infant for the first week, single dose nevirapine to the mother in labour and the newborn shortly after birth and free formula for 6 months.
Main Outcome Measures
Number and percentage of HIV-infected infants and extent of exposure to antenatal, intrapartum and post-natal antiretrovirals.
Results
Of 656 infants with a median age of 12.6 weeks, screened between April 1st 2005 through May 2006, 39 were HIV-infected giving a transmission rate of 5.9% (95% CI: 4.4% - 8.0%). Antenatal prophylaxis was significantly associated with reduced transmission (OR: 0.43 (95% CI: 0.21 - 0.94)) as opposed to intrapartum and postpartum components (p=0.85 and p=0.84, respectively). In multivariable analysis the antenatal component remained significant (OR=0.40 (95% CI 0.19 - 0.90)).
Conclusions
The antenatal phase is the most important antiretroviral component of the MTCT program, allowing most opportunity for intervention.
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Varghese, Suma Elcy, Rana Hassan Mohammad El Otol, Fatma Sultan Al Olama, and Salah Ahmad Mohamed Elbadawi. "The Importance of Early Detection of Genetic Diseases." Dubai Medical Journal 4, no. 2 (March 23, 2021): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514215.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> Early detection of diseases in newborn may help in early intervention and treatment, which may either cure the disease or improve the outcome of the patient. Dubai’s Health Authority has a newborn screening program which includes screening for metabolic and genetic conditions, for hearing and vision, and for congenital heart disease. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The objectives of this study are to assess the outcome of the newborn genetic screening program, to correlate the association between the outcome of the program and demographic variables and to find out the percentage of the number of infants who were confirmed to have the genetic disease (by confirmatory tests) out of the total infants who had positive screening test results. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> During the period of the study from January 2018 to December 2018, a total of 7,027 newborns were tested in Dubai Health Authority facilities by the newborn genetic screening program (known as the “Step One Screening”). Blood samples were collected by heel prick on a collection paper. All samples were transported to PerkinElmer Genomics in the USA where the tests were done. The genetic disorders identified were correlated with different variables like gender and nationality. The data were entered in an excel sheet and analyzed by using SPSS software. All infants aged 0–3 months who have done newborn genetic screening at Dubai Health Authority facilities between January and December 2018 were included. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The incidence of screened disorders was 1:7,027 for congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 1:1,757 for congenital hypothyroidism, 1:1,757 for inborn errors of metabolism, 1:2,342 for biotinidase deficiency, 1:1,171 for hemoglobinopathies, 1:12 for hemoglobinopathy traits, and 1:10 for different genetic mutations of G6PD deficiency. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> There is a high incidence of different genetic diseases detected by newborn screening. These results justify unifying the program in the UAE and preventive programs like premarital screening and genetic counseling.
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Feldman, Amy G., and Ronald J. Sokol. "Neonatal Cholestasis: Updates on Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Prevention." NeoReviews 22, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): e819-e836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/neo.22-12-e819.
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Cholestatic jaundice is a common presenting feature of hepatobiliary and/or metabolic dysfunction in the newborn and young infant. Timely detection of cholestasis, followed by rapid step-wise evaluation to determine the etiology, is crucial to identify those causes that are amenable to medical or surgical intervention and to optimize outcomes for all infants. In the past 2 decades, genetic etiologies have been elucidated for many cholestatic diseases, and next-generation sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing now allow for relatively rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of conditions not previously identifiable via standard blood tests and/or liver biopsy. Advances have also been made in our understanding of risk factors for parenteral nutrition–associated cholestasis/liver disease. New lipid emulsion formulations, coupled with preventive measures to decrease central line–associated bloodstream infections, have resulted in lower rates of cholestasis and liver disease in infants and children receiving long-term parental nutrition. Unfortunately, little progress has been made in determining the exact cause of biliary atresia. The median age at the time of the hepatoportoenterostomy procedure is still greater than 60 days; consequently, biliary atresia remains the primary indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Several emerging therapies may reduce the bile acid load to the liver and improve outcomes in some neonatal cholestatic disorders. The goal of this article is to review the etiologies, diagnostic algorithms, and current and future management strategies for infants with cholestasis.
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Hernandez-Alvarado, Nelmary, Ryan Shanley, Mark R. Schleiss, Jensina Ericksen, Jenna Wassenaar, Lulua Webo, Katherine Bodin, Katelyn Parsons, and Erin A. Osterholm. "Clinical, Virologic and Immunologic Correlates of Breast Milk Acquired Infections in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants in a Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Setting." Viruses 13, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 1897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13101897.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections acquired by very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants are incompletely characterized. To examine CMV transmission in VLBW infants, we evaluated maternal DNAlactia, infant DNAemia, and presence of clinical disease in a blinded study in VLBW infants in our newborn intensive care unit (NICU). To examine these issues, 200 VLBW infants were enrolled in a surveillance study, with weekly breast milk and infant whole blood samples collected, as available. Virologic (breast milk and infant whole blood real time PCR) and immunologic (IgG, IgM, and IgG avidity) correlates were evaluated. A chart review examined whether infants had symptoms compatible with CMV disease. DNAlactia was identified in 65/150 (43%) of lactating mothers. Nine CMV infections were identified in 9/75 CMV-exposed infants (12% of exposed infants). A higher median breast milk viral load (DNAlactia) correlated with an increased likelihood of DNAemia (p = 0.05). Despite potential symptoms compatible with CMV infection, clinicians had not considered the diagnosis of CMV in 6/9 cases (66%). All of these infants had chronic lung disease at discharge. There was no correlation between IgG antibody titer or IgG avidity index and the likelihood of transmission or CMV disease. In conclusion, in VLBW infants receiving milk from seroposi-tive mothers, CMV infections are commonly acquired, and are frequently unrecognized. Future studies are needed to determine whether routine surveillance for CMV of either breast milk or infant plasma is beneficial in preventing or recognizing infection.
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Egeljić-Mihailović, Nataša, and Zvezdana Rajkovača. "Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism in Republika Srpska / Prevencija kongenitalnog hipotireoidizma u Republici Srpskoj." SESTRINSKI ŽURNAL 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/sez0114005e.
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Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a syndrome hipometabolizma with insufficient production or inadequate action of thyroid hormones. Most infants with normal CH looks and show no signs of hypothyroidism. Unrecognized and not treated in time CH has serious consequences in the psycho-physical development of the newborn are included in the form of mental and physical retardation of varying degrees. CH is not common, the incidence of her 1 / 3000-4000 newborns, but it is important to detect it in time and prevent its consequences. In terms of prevention and early detection in many countries introduced newborn screening at the CH. Screening involves a systematic search of the entire population of newborns specific regions or entire countries, for the diseases that are accessible treatment, which can not be clinically recognized early enough. In Republika Srpska neonatal screening for congenital hipotireize (NSCH) was introduced for all newborns since 2007. In the world, in order to implement different protocols NSCH concentration measurements Tireo stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) in blood. Measurement of TSH is more specific in the diagnosis of KH, while the more sensitive measurement of T4, but more expensive and less specific in frequent false-positive findings in premature infants and infants with low birth weight. In the Republika Srpska in order to NSCH determines the concentration of TSH in the blood of newborn structural differences of 3-5. days after birth. A retrospective study of data NS CH in Republika Srpska for the period 2007-2012. year showed that in 24 out of 58 680 infants found elevated TSH, which is a further clinical trial demonstrated the existence of CH. The incidence of CH in Republika Srpska 1/2445, but the ratio is 2: 1 in favor of males, with an unequal representation in municipalities. By introducing timely saplementne therapy (thyroxine) in neonates with CH provided them a normal psychological and physical development, which confirms the importance of NS in diagnosing congenital hypothyroidism.
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D’Angelo, Gabriella, Roberto Chimenz, Russel J. Reiter, and Eloisa Gitto. "Use of Melatonin in Oxidative Stress Related Neonatal Diseases." Antioxidants 9, no. 6 (June 2, 2020): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060477.
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Reactive oxygen species have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of perinatal diseases. Exposure to inflammation, infections, or high oxygen concentrations is frequent in preterm infants, who have high free iron levels that enhance toxic radical generation and diminish antioxidant defense. The peculiar susceptibility of newborns to oxidative stress supports the prophylactic use of melatonin in preventing or decreasing oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Melatonin, an effective direct free-radical scavenger, easily diffuses through biological membranes and exerts pleiotropic activity everywhere. Multiple investigations have assessed the effectiveness of melatonin to reduce the “oxygen radical diseases of newborn” including perinatal brain injury, sepsis, chronic lung disease (CLD), and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Further studies are still awaited to test melatonin activity during perinatal period.
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Burrin, Douglas, and Valeria Melendez Hebib. "137 Standing in the gap of Neonatal Microbe-Host Barrier Function." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.124.
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Abstract The provision of mammary secretions in the form of colostrum and mature milk for newborns is an essential survival function that has evolved over millennia in mammalian species. Colostrum serves a vital function for neonates by providing nutrients for energy and growth as they transition from placental nutrition to oral ingestion of more complex macromolecules, including lactose, proteins, and triglycerides. Colostrum also provides critical immune protection from colonizing commensal and pathogenic microbes that supports neonatal immunity until maturation of the immune system. This concept of homologous passive immunity conferred by colostrum is well known in farm animal species and has been largely attributed to immunoglobulins transferred from mother to offspring. Heterologous passive immunity is also an approach whereby bovine colostrum obtained from normal or hyperimmunized cows is used therapeutically to prevent specific GI diseases in swine and human infants. The critical importance of colostrum to survival of newborn farm animals also holds true in the prevention of intestinal diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), in hospitalized premature infants. In preterm infants, mother’s own milk may not always be available and infants are instead fed donor human milk, which provides effective protection against NEC. Whether the benefits of human milk in the prevention of NEC are due to immunoglobulins is not well established. These scenarios whereby colostrum from different species or different mothers within a species protect the neonatal gut point to common elements of host protection. New experimental approaches and tools are being applied to understanding the molecular mechanism of how components of maternal milk impact gut microbial colonization and interaction with the host immune system.
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Aleksi-Meskhishvili, V. V., and Yury A. Kozlov. "SURGICAL TREATMENT OF OPEN DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS IN PREMATURE INFANTS." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 22, no. 3 (August 16, 2018): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9510-2018-22-3-148-154.
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The open arterial duct (OAD) means the maintenance of the OAD patency in the postnatal period within 48-72 hours after birth. OAD in preterm infants is of particular importance and often determines their survival. The presence of OAD significantly reduces chances of premature babies to recover, as it contributes to the emergence and aggravation of diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), renal dysfunction, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), cerebral palsy and, often, the death of a newborn. From this point of view, there is appeared the importance of diagnosis and treatment of OAD in premature newborns to improve the prognosis of life in this category of patients. Until today, there is no generally accepted strategy for treating OAD in premature infants. As a result, in various neonatal centers, even within the same country, doctors adhere to different tactics in the treatment of OAD in premature infants. Surgical correction of the hemodynamically significant OAP is indicated for premature infants dependent on artificial ventilation of the lungs, with lack of the effect of the drug therapy or inability to introduce medication. In this scientific review, 3 technologies of surgical treatment of OAD are discussed: open surgery, thoracoscopy, and endovascular treatment. Special attention is paid to postoperative management of patients and prevention of complications.
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Patel, Sweta M., Sabelle Jallow, Sefelani Boiditswe, Shabir A. Madhi, Kristen A. Feemster, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Tonya Arscott-Mills, et al. "Placental Transfer of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Antibody Among HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Infants." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 9, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piz056.
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Abstract Background Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with lower placental transfer of antibodies specific to several childhood pathogens. Our objective for this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal HIV infection on the placental transfer of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-neutralizing antibodies. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of mothers and their newborn infants at a tertiary hospital in Gaborone, Botswana, between March 2015 and December 2015. We measured serum RSV antibody levels by using a microneutralization assay. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate the effect of maternal HIV infection on maternal RSV antibody levels, placental transfer of RSV antibodies, and newborn RSV antibody levels. Results Of 316 mothers, 154 (49%) were infected with HIV. The placental transfer ratios for RSV antibodies to HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) and HIV-unexposed, uninfected infants were 1.02 and 1.15, respectively. The geometric mean titer (95% confidence interval) of RSV-neutralizing antibodies was 2657 (2251–3136) among HEU newborns and 2911 (2543–3331) among HIV-unexposed, uninfected newborns. In multivariable analyses, maternal HIV infection was associated with lower placental transfer of RSV antibodies (P = .02) and a lower level of RSV antibodies among newborns (P = .002). Among HEU newborns, higher birth weight (P = .004) and an undetectable maternal antenatal viral load (P = .01) were associated with more effective placental transfer of RSV antibodies. Conclusions Maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with lower mother-to-fetus transfer of serum RSV-neutralizing antibodies. HEU infants should be prioritized for preventive interventions for RSV. Maternal viral suppression through combination antiretroviral therapy has the potential to improve immunity to RSV among HIV-exposed infants.
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Meberg, Alf, and Rolf Schøyen. "Hydrophobic Material in Routine Umbilical Cord Care and Prevention of Infections in Newborn Infants." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 22, no. 6 (January 1990): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365549009027128.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Newborn infants Diseases Prevention"
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溫錫剛 and Shek-kong Thomas Wan. "Neutrophil function tests in Chinese newborn infants." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893363.
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Wang, Ding. "Application of mass spectrometry in enzyme deficiency assay for newborn screening purpose /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11557.
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Oliver, Lawrence Tommy Victor. "Study on factors associated with low birth weight babies at Uitenhage Hospital." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2000. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The incidence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies born in the Uitenhage Provincial Hospital would seem to be a cause of concern from a public health of view. The incidence of 21% recorded during 1999 is markedly higher than the 7% recorded in the United States of America in 1998 and the average of 17% noted for developing countries. Some health concerns related to LBW babies are Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, scholastic performances later in life, and several chronic diseases in adults associated with them having been born as LBW babies.
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Zhao, Qian Sissi, and 赵茜. "The impact of human behaviors on healthcare-associated infections in neonatal intensive care unit: systematicreview." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46944175.
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Pikora, Cheryl A. "Type-Specific Immunity in HIV-1 Vertically Infected Infants." eScholarship@UMMS, 1995. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/83.
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High frequencies of CTL recognizing laboratory strains of HIV-1 are present in HIV-1 infected adults as early as preseroconversion. The presence of HIV-1 specific CTL during primary infection has been correlated with better control of early viremia and a more delayed onset of CD4 lymphocyte loss. Previous experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated that, unlike HIV-1 infected adults, the majority of vertically infected infants lack CTL which recognize laboratory strains of HIV-1 within the first year of life. ADCC antibody responses against laboratory strains of HIV-1 env gene products are also delayed until at least two years of age. As a possible correlate, disease progression is also more rapid in vertically infected infants.
We hypothesized that HIV-1-specific CTL are type-specific in early infancy and that the use of target cells expressing laboratory strain gene products might limit the detection of HIV-1-specific CTL. To address this hypothesis, HIV-1 env genes from early isolates of four infants were PCR amplified, cloned, and used to generate recombinant vaccinia vectors (vv). The frequencies of CTL precursors (CTLp) recognizing env gene products from autologous isolates and the IIIB strain of HIV-1 were measured at time points from early infancy to 19 months using limiting dilution analysis (LDA). ADCC titers were also measured against autologous and IIIB env gene products at 4 time points spanning 2 months to 2 years of age.
CTL precursors from 3 of 4 of these patients were specific only for autologous HIV-1 env gene products during the first 6 to 12 months of age. A pattern of CTL responsiveness was observed in these 3 patients in which type-specific CTL precursors observed in early infancy were replaced by cross-reactive, group-specific CTL by 6 to 12 months of age. CTL precursors from a fourth patient at 12 months of age recognized IIIB env and 1 out of 2 envs derived from 2 autologous viral isolates.
High titers titers of ADCC antibodies against autologous env were detected in two infants prior to the detection of ADCC antibodies to IIIB. In two other infants, group specific ADCC antibody responses were detected in late infancy.
Our results demonstrate that young infants can mount HIV-1 specific CTL and ADCC responses. The ability of young infants to mount cellular immune responses to HIV-1 also provides support for the concept of perinatal vaccination to prevent HIV-1 transmission. Furthermore. the lack of broadly-reactive CTL in early infancy suggests that the use of vaccines based on laboratory strains of HIV-1 may not afford protection from vertical infection.
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Zanchim, Camila Cristina [UNESP]. "Identificação das áreas com maior risco de morbimortalidade neonatal a partir de geoprocessamento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98420.
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000736008.pdf: 2094696 bytes, checksum: 7ab992c2bf8c7520fd68c3ad6ff612c6 (MD5)A vigilância da mortalidade infantil e fetal é uma das prioridades do Ministério da Saúde. Contribui para o cumprimento dos compromissos assumidos pelo Governo Brasileiro em defesa da criança, tais como o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento do Milênio, o Pacto pela Redução da Mortalidade Neonatal; o Pacto pela Vida e, mais recentemente, o Programa Mais Saúde e Rede Cegonha. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi identificar as áreas do município de Botucatu/SP, com maior concentração de recém-nascidos classificados como com risco de adoecer ou morrer, considerando-se o ano de 2010 e utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Para análise de dados, buscou-se identificar as ocorrências por setor censitário, relacionandoas a condições sociais e ambientais. Trata-se de estudo observacional de caráter analítico. Foram utilizados como fonte de dados: o Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos e informações sobre condições sociais e ambientais obtidas do banco de dados do Censo Demográfico 2010 para o município de Botucatu. Como resultados do estudo foram identificados um agrupamento alto (Jardim Riviera e Jardim Santa Elisa) e outro baixo (Jardim Paraíso II e Jardim Altos do Paraíso), áreas com grande e pequeno número de casos, respectivamente. Nenhuma relação dos casos com condições ambientais foi identificada. Quanto às condições sociais, as análises encontraram associação entre renda e risco social. Ausência de companheiro e idade materna inferior a 19 anos foram importantes fatores de risco neonatal no município. Concluiu-se que o município de Botucatu é homogêneo para questões ambientais, não havendo associação entre estas e o risco do recém-nascido. A renda foi o único fator capaz de captar eventuais desigualdades existentes, influenciando indiretamente na classificação de risco do neonato ao nascer. Mostrou-se necessário o desenvolvimento de ações que incentivem a...
Surveillance on child and fetal mortality is one of the priorities of the Ministry of Health. It contributes to the fulfillment of commitments taken by the Brazilian Government for children’s defense, such as the Millennium’s Development Objective; Agreement for Reduction of Neonatal Mortality; Agreement for Life and, more recently, the Mais Saúde and Rede Cegonha Programs. The goal of this study is to identify areas in the city of Botucatu/SP with a higher concentration of newborns classified as at risk for falling ill or dying by considering the year of 2010 and using geoprocessing techniques. For data analysis, was sought to identify occurrences per census tract, relating them to the social and environmental conditions. This was an observational study of analytical character. Were used as the data source: the System of Information on Live Newborns and information of social and environmental conditions obtained from the database of the 2010 Demographic Census for the city of Botucatu. As results from the study, was identified a high cluster (Jardim Riviera e Jardim Santa Elisa) and a low one (Paraíso II e Jardim Altos do Paraíso), areas with large and small numbers of cases, respectively. No relationship of cases with environmental conditions has been identified. As social conditions, the analysis found an association between income and social risk. Lack of partner and maternal age less than 19 years were significant neonatal risk factors in municipality. It was concluded that Botucatu is homogeneous for environmental issues, there was no association between them and newborn risk. Income was the only factor capable of capturing any inequalities, indirectly influencing the risk rating of the neonate at birth. Proved necessary to develop actions that promote the inclusion of family planning in the context of life of young people, especially at the neighborhoods of the high cluster, where ...
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Zanchim, Camila Cristina. "Identificação das áreas com maior risco de morbimortalidade neonatal a partir de geoprocessamento /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98420.
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Orientador: Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima ParadaCoorientador: Cassiano Victória
Banca: Maria Candida de Carvalho Furtado
Resumo: A vigilância da mortalidade infantil e fetal é uma das prioridades do Ministério da Saúde. Contribui para o cumprimento dos compromissos assumidos pelo Governo Brasileiro em defesa da criança, tais como o Objetivo de Desenvolvimento do Milênio, o Pacto pela Redução da Mortalidade Neonatal; o Pacto pela Vida e, mais recentemente, o Programa Mais Saúde e Rede Cegonha. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi identificar as áreas do município de Botucatu/SP, com maior concentração de recém-nascidos classificados como com risco de adoecer ou morrer, considerando-se o ano de 2010 e utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Para análise de dados, buscou-se identificar as ocorrências por setor censitário, relacionandoas a condições sociais e ambientais. Trata-se de estudo observacional de caráter analítico. Foram utilizados como fonte de dados: o Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos e informações sobre condições sociais e ambientais obtidas do banco de dados do Censo Demográfico 2010 para o município de Botucatu. Como resultados do estudo foram identificados um agrupamento alto (Jardim Riviera e Jardim Santa Elisa) e outro baixo (Jardim Paraíso II e Jardim Altos do Paraíso), áreas com grande e pequeno número de casos, respectivamente. Nenhuma relação dos casos com condições ambientais foi identificada. Quanto às condições sociais, as análises encontraram associação entre renda e risco social. Ausência de companheiro e idade materna inferior a 19 anos foram importantes fatores de risco neonatal no município. Concluiu-se que o município de Botucatu é homogêneo para questões ambientais, não havendo associação entre estas e o risco do recém-nascido. A renda foi o único fator capaz de captar eventuais desigualdades existentes, influenciando indiretamente na classificação de risco do neonato ao nascer. Mostrou-se necessário o desenvolvimento de ações que incentivem a ...
Abstract: Surveillance on child and fetal mortality is one of the priorities of the Ministry of Health. It contributes to the fulfillment of commitments taken by the Brazilian Government for children's defense, such as the Millennium's Development Objective; Agreement for Reduction of Neonatal Mortality; Agreement for Life and, more recently, the Mais Saúde and Rede Cegonha Programs. The goal of this study is to identify areas in the city of Botucatu/SP with a higher concentration of newborns classified as at risk for falling ill or dying by considering the year of 2010 and using geoprocessing techniques. For data analysis, was sought to identify occurrences per census tract, relating them to the social and environmental conditions. This was an observational study of analytical character. Were used as the data source: the System of Information on Live Newborns and information of social and environmental conditions obtained from the database of the 2010 Demographic Census for the city of Botucatu. As results from the study, was identified a high cluster (Jardim Riviera e Jardim Santa Elisa) and a low one (Paraíso II e Jardim Altos do Paraíso), areas with large and small numbers of cases, respectively. No relationship of cases with environmental conditions has been identified. As social conditions, the analysis found an association between income and social risk. Lack of partner and maternal age less than 19 years were significant neonatal risk factors in municipality. It was concluded that Botucatu is homogeneous for environmental issues, there was no association between them and newborn risk. Income was the only factor capable of capturing any inequalities, indirectly influencing the risk rating of the neonate at birth. Proved necessary to develop actions that promote the inclusion of family planning in the context of life of young people, especially at the neighborhoods of the high cluster, where ...
Mestre
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Costa, Evaldo Lima da [UNESP]. "Fatores associados e desfechos perinatais em gestação na adolescência em uma amostra de gestantes do Distrito Federal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99210.
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costa_el_me_botfm.pdf: 250558 bytes, checksum: 70bf179aa259c3c0b523630a00bdc8c1 (MD5)Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (FEPECS)
A análise da evolução e principais características dos nascimentos no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2007 evidencia que mulheres com idade de 15 a 19 anos, no momento do parto, respondem por 20% dos nascimentos no país. Estudos indicam que a gravidez na adolescência, etapa da vida de 10 a 19 anos, está associada a eventos adversos no recém- -nascido como baixo peso, prematuridade e comprometimento das condições de vitalidade ao nascimento. Dois objetivos foram definidos: 1.Revisar a ocorrência de partos prematuros e de baixo peso ao nascer com a gravidez em adolescentes e sua condição socioeconômica e cultural. Analisar os nascimentos, descrevendo-os segundo características da gestação, do parto e do recém-nascido. Dois trabalhos foram realizados para responder os objetivos. O primeiro compreende um artigo de revisão de um levantamento bibliográfico onde foram identificados textos que abordam assunto e o segundo um artigo original. Neste trabalho foram analisadas 24.800 declarações de nascidos vivos, correspondentes aos partos hospitalares ocorridos no Hospital Regional da Asa Sul (HRAS), no período de 1º de janeiro de 2006 a 31 de dezembro de 2009. As faixas etárias maternas foram estratificadas em: adolescente precoce, idade entre 10 a 14 anos; adolescente tardia, idade de 15 a 19 anos e adultas jovens, de 20 a 35 anos. Foi utilizando o programa estatístico SPSS versão 17.0 e aplicado o Qui-quadrado de Pearson com significância de 5 %. Rocha et al apuraram que a ocorrência de baixo peso logo após o nascimento no grupo de gestantes precoces foi muito maior (13,5%) em relação ao grupo de gestantes tardias (3,1%); identificaram no seu estudo que 91,3% das gestantes precoces possuíam somente o ensino fundamental, enquanto que as gestantes tardias representavam 55,5%. Ainda nessa pesquisa...
An analysis of the development and main characteristics of births in Brazil from 2000 to 2007 suggests that women aged 15 to 19 at childbearing represent 20% of births in this country. Studies have demonstrated that pregnancy among teenagers, a stage of life between the ages of 13 and 19, is associated with adverse birth outcomes such as low-birth weight, prematurity and compromised vitality conditions at birth. Two objectives were defined:To revise the incidence of preterm births and low-birth weight in teenage pregnant mothers and their socioeconomic and cultural condition. To analyse the births, describing them according to pregnancy, delivery and newborn infant characteristics. Two studies were carried out to meet the objectives. The first one is a review article based on reference materials in which article s related to the topic were identified, and the second one, the original article. In the present study, we analysed 24.8000 declarations of live births corresponding to hospital births at the Hospital Regional da Asa Sul (HRAS), from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2009. The mother age groups were stratified in: precocious adolescent, aged between 10 to 14; late adolescent, between 15 to 19; and young adult, between 20 to 35. We used the statistical program SPSS version 17.0 and applied the Chi-square Pearson with 5% level of significance. Rocha et al concluded that the incidence of low-birth weight in the group of precocious pregnant adolescents was much higher (13.5%) if compared to the group of late pregnant adolescents (3.1%); it was also showed that 91.3% of precocious pregnant adolescents had just basic schooling while in the late pregnant adolescents, 55.5%. Still in this study it has been showed that 37.5% of precocious pregnant adolescents had poor prenatal care, having fewer than 07 visits... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Trevors, Tanya. "Neonatal morbidity among macrosomic infants in the James Bay Cree population of northern Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33034.
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and infant macrosomia are important obstetric health concerns for Aboriginal populations in Canada. Previous research in non-Aboriginal populations has established that GDM and macrosomia are associated with increased risk of fetal morbidity. Specifically, GDM is a risk factor for infant macrosomia, hypoglycemia, polycythemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Furthermore, macrosomia is an independent risk factor for shoulder dystocia, clavicular fracture, brachial plexus injury, birth asphyxia and operative delivery. The main objectives of this study were to determine prevalence rates of GDM and macrosomia related neonatal complications for the James Bay Cree population of northern Quebec, and to identify risk factors for specific birth trauma injuries and metabolic complications in the population. The prevalence of macrosomia (≥4500 g) was 10.4%, and the estimated prevalence of GDM was 16.6% (95% CI 14.6-18.6) (n = 229/1379). Shoulder dystocia was the most common birth trauma event among the Cree, affecting 2.5% (n = 42/1650) of all Cree births, and 9.3% (n = 16/172) of macrosomic deliveries ≥4500 g. The prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia was also high, affecting 8.8% (n = 144/1650) of all Cree newborns, and 18.1% (n = 34/192) of GDM deliveries. Macrosomia (BW ≥ 4500 g) was a significant risk factor for shoulder dystocia, clavicular fracture, hypoglycemia, and caesarean section delivery. After adjusting for maternal age, parity, and gestational age, GDM was identified as a significant risk factor for macrosomia (≥4500 g), hypoglycemia, polycythemia, and hypocalcemia. In summary, this study identified a high incidence of neonatal complications among the James Bay Cree compared with rates in the general North American population. These outcomes can be explained, in part, by high prevalence rates of gestational diabetes and infant macrosomia. Further studies to investigate the long-term consequences of GDM and
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Verrall, Tanya Christine. "Preventing iron deficiency anemia : communication strategies to promote iron nutrition for at-risk infants in northern Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85102.
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A sustainable primary prevention strategy for infant iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was implemented and evaluated in a community with at-risk infants in northern Quebec, Canada. Communication strategies were used to promote iron-rich complementary food rather than iron-fortified formula, which can interfere with breastfeeding practice. This food-based approach has been successfully implemented in developing countries, but has not been applied in an industrialized country setting.Mass media (i.e., radio dialogues, key messages, print material, point-of-purchase grocery store display) and interpersonal (i.e., homemade baby food cooking activity) communication strategies were developed in collaboration with community members and implemented in partnership with an existing community program. Reach and exposure of the strategies were measured using a questionnaire administered to a post-intervention sample (n = 45). Sales of promoted iron-rich infant food were examined pre- and post-intervention period. A repeat cross-sectional design was used for the impact evaluation. Two groups of mothers with infants, aged 7-10 months at Time 1 (n = 32) and Time 2 (n = 22) were interviewed. Outcome variables were infants' total iron and complementary food iron intakes measured by two 24-hour recalls. Secular trends in infants' hemoglobin values and milk type consumption were examined in the study community and two comparison communities.
Multiple communication channels increased awareness of IDA and influenced self-reported use of iron-rich infant food. Iron-rich infant food sales increased from pre- to post-intervention (p < 0.05). Complementary food intake iron increased between Time 1 (3.2 +/- 0.8 mg) and Time 2 (4.4 +/- 1.1 mg) (p < 0.05). The proportion of infants with anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L) significantly decreased from the period before (37.2%) to during (14.3%) the intervention (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found for this variable within the comparison communities. The proportion of infants receiving iron-fortified formula in the study community did not differ between Time 1 and Time 2, but increased from Time 1 (55%) to Time 2 (73%) (p < 0.05) in the comparison communities, indicating an erosion of breastfeeding practice.
These results suggest the effectiveness of communication strategies to improve infant iron nutrition in a community with good access to iron-rich infant food. The potential for this strategy in other communities warrants further investigation.
Books on the topic "Newborn infants Diseases Prevention"
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Hip screening in the newborn: A practical guide. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998.
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United Nations Children's Fund. (UNICEF). The state of the world's children 2009: [maternal and newborn health]. New York: Unicef, 2008.
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R, Davidson Michele, Ladewig Patricia W, and London Marcia L, eds. Clinical handbook for maternal-newborn nursing & women's health care. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2007.
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Mishra, Om P. Mechanisms of hypoxic brain injury in the newborn and potential strategies for neuroprotection. Trivandrum,Kerala, India: Transworld Research Network, 2007.
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Ahmed, Shameem. Neonatal morbidity and care-seeking behaviour in rural areas of Bangladesh. Dhaka: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 1998.
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J, Anastasiow Nicholas, and Harel Shaul, eds. At-risk infants: Interventions, families, and research. Baltimore: P. H. Brookes, 1993.
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Bouden, Evelyn S. Health practices to improve pregnancy outcomes: A guide for the primary care practitioner. Harrisburg, Pa: Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, 1985.
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Robert Guthrie--the PKU story: Crusade against mental retardation. Pasadena, Calif: Hope Pub. House, 1997.
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P, Farriaux J., Dhondt Jean-Louis, and International Society of Neonatal Screening. Meeting, eds. New horizons in neonatal screening: Proceedings of the 9th International Neonatal Screening Symposium, & the 2nd Meeting of the International Society for Neonatal Screening, Lille, France, 13-17 September 1993. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1994.
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Olds, Sally B. Clinical handbook for maternal newborn nursing and women's health care. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, N. J: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004.
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Kaleem, Musa, and Srikrishna Harave. "Chest radiology in infants." In Respiratory Diseases of the Newborn Infant, 301–19. Sheffield, United Kingdom: European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/2312508x.10015120.
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Jones, Caroline B., and Melonie Johns. "Pulmonary hypertension in preterm infants." In Respiratory Diseases of the Newborn Infant, 89–103. Sheffield, United Kingdom: European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/2312508x.10013920.
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Narayan, Omendra, Aditi Sinha, Rasha Ibrahim, Shashank Kadam, and Elizabeth Hill. "Sleep physiology and disorders in newborn infants." In Respiratory Diseases of the Newborn Infant, 273–86. Sheffield, United Kingdom: European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/2312508x.10014920.
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Bonadies, Luca, Elena Priante, and Eugenio Baraldi. "Prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk infants." In Respiratory Diseases of the Newborn Infant, 361–71. Sheffield, United Kingdom: European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/2312508x.10015620.
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Büyükgebiz, Atilla. "Newborn Screening, Hypothyroidism in Infants, Children and Adolescents." In Diseases of the Thyroid in Childhood and Adolescence, 128–41. Basel: KARGER, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000098024.
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Amiel-Tison, Claudine. "A Method for Neurological Evaluation Within the First Year of Life: Experience with Full-Term Newborn Infants with Birth Injury." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 59 - Major Mental Handicap: Methods and Costs of Prevention, 107–26. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720417.ch7.
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Obladen, Michael. "Innocent blood." In Oxford Textbook of the Newborn, edited by Michael Obladen, 291–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198854807.003.0041.
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Haemorrhages occurring in the newborn without trauma have been observed by obstetricians since the 17th century, but were considered different diseases depending on their location. Umbilical haemorrhage associated with obstructed bile canals was described by Cheyne in 1802. Grandidier in 1871 and Townsend in 1894 grouped together various forms of neonatal bleeds and associated them with disturbed coagulation. When the clotting system became better understood in the last decade of the 19th century, effective symptomatic treatment was developed: gelatine, serum injection, and the transfusion of fresh blood. In 1935, Dam detected the function of vitamin K in the coagulation system and 4 years later, Waddell introduced vitamin K administration into therapy and prevention of neonatal haemorrhagic disease. When high doses of synthetic water-soluble vitamin K analogues were given to preterm infants, kernicterus occurred, reminding physicians that progress in neonatal therapy rests on the cornerstones of controlled trials and follow-up.
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Daniel, Roshan, and Shiv Sajan Saini. "COVID-19 in Children and Newborn." In COVID-19: Effects in Comorbidities and Special Populations, 305–42. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815036367122010013.
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COVID 19 has already affected more than 191 million people worldwide and has claimed more than 4 million lives to date (22nd July 2021). Yet, we still do not completely understand this disease. Data on children are even more sparse, making it difficult to lay down a comprehensive guideline for the same. However, thanks to a handful of studies, we now understand that children are less affected, are less infectious, have lesser mortality and risk of complications. Children with underlying chronic diseases and infants under 1 year are especially at risk and are advised selective shielding. Diagnosis is done by RT-PCR or serology, just like in adults. Most affected children are asymptomatic, and even the symptomatic children have a good outcome and usually need supportive management and monitoring only. Up to 7% of children were found to require PICU support, and mortality was less than 2%. Most deaths were attributed to underlying conditions and immunological complications, especially MIS-C. Treatment is predominantly supportive, with little consensus on specific treatments, including corticosteroids, remdesivir, and IVIg. Management is best individualized by a multidisciplinary team involving pediatricians, hematologists, immunologists, and intensivists. Prevention of COVID 19 can be achieved by proper hygiene, face masks, and social distancing. The upcoming vaccines are expected to bring down the cases and hopefully bring this pandemic to a halt.
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Armstrong, F. Daniel, and Steven Pavlakis. "Neurocognitive Outcomes in Sickle Cell Disease." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0033.
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with a range of serious complications, including painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, stroke, splenic sequestration, overwhelming bacterial sepsis, and a host of other less frequent complications that impair quality of life and threaten long-term survival (National Institutes of Health [NIH] 2002). More than 98% of all children born in the United States are tested for SCD as part of state newborn screening programs, making it possible to identify infants who are at risk for these many complications of SCD (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009). It is estimated that about 72,000–80,000 individuals of all ages are living with SCD in the United States, a large number of whom will experience cognitive complication at some point in their lives. Nearly 2 million carry sickle trait but do not have the clinical manifestations of the disease. Approximately 1 in 500 infants of African descent and one in 36,000 of Hispanic descent are born with SCD in the United States each year (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH 2009). While the cognitive complications of cerebrovascular infarction (stroke) have long been recognized, research over the last two decades has shown that cognitive functioning in both children and adults can be impaired for many reasons other than stroke. This chapter describes the underlying structural and biological mechanisms that lead to cognitive impairment, the cognitive outcomes associated with SCD, and emerging pharmacologic, behavioral, and educational intervention strategies to address the cognitive needs of this population. Sickle cell disease describes a group of hereditary hemoglobinopathies that have in common the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin variant known as sickle hemoglobin (HbS). The homozygous condition (HbSS) is also the most severe, and is known as sickle cell anemia. Although there are numerous other variations of sickle hemoglobinopathy, the most common include HbSβthal° and HbSC. Under oxidative stress, the sickle hemoglobin causes erythrocytes to collapse into rigid sickle-shaped molecules, with a significant reduction in oxygen-carrying capacity (NIH 2002).
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Ho, Susana, and Melissa A. McGuire. "Shake It Baby." In Pediatric Medical Emergencies, 23–32. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190946678.003.0003.
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Every neonate undergoes normal physiologic hypoglycemia within the first few hours of birth given the unique transition between glucose sources. In utero, the mother is the primary source of glucose while, after birth, the newborn slowly transitions to gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, and oral feeds to help maintain blood sugar. Though determination of physiologic and pathologic hypoglycemia necessitating treatment may be difficult within the first few hours of life, it is an important one. There are numerous causes of hypoglycemia including maternal diabetes, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and neonatal stress, among others. It is important to determine the etiology of hypoglycemia, as the prevention of recurrent hypoglycemia is important for neurologic development. Symptoms of hypoglycemia are nonspecific and can be indicative of other disease pathology such as sepsis. Symptoms include high pitched cry, poor suck, lethargy, coma, irritability, and inconsolability, among others. Long-term sequelae for babies with recurrent hypoglycemia and symptomatic hypoglycemia are mainly neurodevelopmental in nature. It is therefore of utmost importance to ensure that proper treatment is initiated to infants necessitating treatment.
Conference papers on the topic "Newborn infants Diseases Prevention"
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Schmidt, B., M. R. Buchanan, F. Ofosu, L. A. Brooker, M. Andrew, and McMaster Univ. "ANTITHROMBOTIC PROPERTIES OF HEPARIN IN A NEONATAL MODEL OF THROMBIN INDUCED VENOUS STASIS THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643608.
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Anecdotal clinical experience suggests that more heparin is required in newborn infants that in adult patients to effectively treat thrombotic disease. We compared the ability of heparin to inhibit thrombus formation induced by a pathological bolus of thrombin and stasis in newborn piglets and 3 week old pigs. The coagulation system of the newborn piglet closely resembles that of the human neonate Including low antithrombin III (AT-III) activity (0.5U/ml). By 3 weeks, adult porcine values for coagulation factors and inhibitors are reached, while blood volume/kg body weight still approximates that of the newborn piglet. Piglets and pigs were pretreated with saline, 10 or 25U/kg heparin (n ≥16/group/dose. Following an injection of 100U/kg thrombin, systemic 125I-fibrinogen consumption and local 125I-fibrinogen incorporation into jugular venous stasis thrombi were measured. Peak heparin levels were identical In both age groups (Anti-factor Xa assay and protamine sulphate titration). Heparin was less effective in preventing thrombus formation in piglets than in pigs (Table). Heparin was also less effective in preventing systemic neonatal 125I-fibrinogen consumption (p<0.0001 at both heparin doses).Raising AT-III levels to adult values significantly improved the antithrombotic properties of heparin in neonatal piglets. Thrombus formation was completely abolished in 19 or 22 piglets who received a combination of human or porcine AT-III concentrate and 25U/kg heparin. Raising the heparin dose to 50U/kg had the same effect. We conclude that the efficacy of heparin in neutralizing thrombin is decreased in newborn piglets. Treatment with AT-III concentrate overcomes this relative heparin resistance, and may help reduce high heparin doses otherwise required in neonatal thrombotic disease.
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SHEN, M. C., S. H. CHEN, and K. S. LIN. "TWO CASES OF NEONATAL PURPURA FULMINANS HOMOZYGOUS FOR PROTEIN C DEFICIENCY IN A CHINESE FAMILY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644308.
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Protein C (PC) deficiency associated with hereditary venous thromboembolic disease was first reported in 1981 and is inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder. The prevalence of heterozygous PC deficiency is estimated to be 1 to 4% in venous thrombotic diseases. The homozygous PC deficiency is even rare, and has been reported in only about 10 families througout the world. It usually presents in newborn infants as purpura fulminans or severe thrombotic disease. We herein report two newborn brothers in a Chinese family, who manifested with purpura fulminans soon after birth and died at age of 21 days and 27 days respectively. Vitamin K was administered to the second baby after birth. Both parents are not consanguineous and there were no family histories of thromboembolism on paternal and maternal sides. Blood sample was not available for specific studies in the first baby. PC antigen level by electroimmunoassay was <6% in the second baby and 49% and 60% respectively in their mother and father. Antithrombin III activity by amidolytic method was 49% in the second baby, and 90% and 97% respectively in their mother and father. Vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors and factor V were within the expected range for a newborn. Factor VIII and fibrinogen level were notably decreased. Autopsy findings of the two newborns demonstrated the similar pictures characterized by fibrin thrombi in blood vessels causing extensive hemorrhagic infarts of skin, lung, liver, kidneys, testis, urinary bladder, esophagus and brain. Our Data indicate that neonatal purpura fulminans can be familial and caused by severe homozygous PC deficiency.