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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'New Zealanders'
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Wham, Carol. "Changing New Zealanders' attitudes to milk? /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw5516.pdf.
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Beavan, Vanessa. "Angels at our tables: New Zealanders' experiences of hearing voices." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3175.
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The aim of this study was to explore the experience of hearing voices in the general New Zealand adult population. This included mapping the topography of voices and the impact of the experience on participants’ lives, exploring participants’ explanatory models, investigating coping strategies and support structures, and developing a model of the essence of hearing voices. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of questionnaire (n=154) and interview (n=50) data revealed a great diversity of experiences, both within and among participants. Of all topographical variables significantly related to emotional impact (content, form, duration, intrusiveness and control), voice content was the only significant predictor variable, accurately predicting the emotional response of 93.3% of participants. Overall, participants who valued their voice experiences tended to have spiritual beliefs, a more positive emotional reaction and less contact with mental health services. In contrast, participants who experienced mostly unwanted voices tended to have biological and/or psychological understandings of their voice experiences, a more negative emotional reaction to them, and increased contact with mental health services. Participants reported using a vast array of coping strategies, with varying degrees of success. Individualised techniques were reported to be the most effective, followed by setting aside a time to listen to the voices. In terms of help and support, participants called for a model of intervention that accepted their voice experiences as real, took an holistic approach incorporating contextual, cultural and spiritual factors, and worked with voice-hearers, their families and the public to provide information about voice phenomena and normalise the experience. Using a phenomenological approach, a model of the essential structure of hearing voices is proposed, comprising five components: the content of the voices is personally meaningful to the voice-hearer; the voices have a characterised identity; the person has a relationship with their voices; the experience has a significant impact on the voice-hearer’s life; and the experience has a compelling sense of reality. The implications of this research include validating voice-hearers’ perspectives of the experience, informing clinical work with voice-hearers, and informing the development of local and national-level services, such as a New Zealand Hearing Voices Network.
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Barnes, Felicity. "New Zealand's London : the metropolis and New Zealand's culture, 1890-1940 /." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3344.
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The role of London in forming New Zealand’s culture and identity is a significant feature of New Zealand’s cultural history that has, until now, been overlooked. Ties with London and with ‘Home’ generally, have received little study, and ‘Britishness’ in New Zealand is largely considered a legacy of demography to be eventually outgrown. This thesis suggests something different. During the period 1890-1940, technology changed cultural perceptions of time and space, and it changed the relationship between metropole and former colony too. These technologies drew New Zealand and London closer together. London was constructed as an active part of the New Zealand cultural landscape, rather than as a nostalgic remnant of a predominantly British-born settler population. London was New Zealand’s metropolis too, with consequences for the way New Zealand culture was shaped. This thesis considers the cultural impact of London using four tropes linked to those changing perceptions of time and space. ‘Greater New Zealand’ is concerned with space, whilst ‘“New” New Zealand’ is concerned with time. ‘London’s Farm’ and the ‘Imaginative Hinterland’ consider propinquity and simultaneity respectively. Each theme draws from different bases of evidence in order to suggest London’s broad impact. Collectively, they argue for a shift away from a core and periphery relationship, towards one better described as a city and hinterland relationship. This approach draws upon existing national, imperial, and cultural historiography, whilst at the same time questioning some of their conventions and conceptions. New Zealand as hinterland challenges the conceptual borders of ‘national history’, exploring the transnational nature of cultural formations that otherwise have been considered as autochthonous New Zealand (or for that matter, British) developments. At the same time, whilst hinterlands may exist as part of empire, they are not necessarily products of it. Nor are they necessarily formed in opposition to the metropole, even though alterity is often used to explain colonial relationships. ‘New Zealand’s London’ is, instead a reciprocal creation. Its shared cultural landscape is specific, but at the same time, it offers an alternative means for understanding other white settler colonies. Like New Zealand, their cultural histories may be more complex cultural constructions than national or imperial stories allow.Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Buck, Jessica Kai Ling. "The Puzzle of Young Asian Political Participation: A Comparative Discussion of Young Asian Political Participation in New Zealand and the United States." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2901.
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Prominent theories in political participation literature predict that those with higher levels of income and education are more like to engage in politics. Given the perception of Asian New Zealanders as wealthy and well educated it is puzzling not only to find that this community has low levels of political participation, but that a similar pattern emerges in the United States. It is to this background that this thesis aims to shed light on the political attitudes and participation of young Asian New Zealanders, and reports on results from depth interviews held in Christchurch between December 2007 and early 2008. A small pilot study of six Asian New Zealanders aged between 18-24 years and five of their parents were interviewed regarding their voting habits, their participation in other political activities, and their interest in politics. This thesis identifies six prominent theories of political participation and assesses their ability to explain the political participation of this small sample of young Asian New Zealanders. The results of this study are also compared with research conducted on Asian participation in the United States so as to gain a more in depth perspective of Asian immigrant political participation.
This thesis finds that while the participants in this study relate closely to their ethnic and cultural backgrounds, they often identify New Zealand as ‘home’ and see their future in New Zealand. The participants also discussed politics and participation in terms commonly associated with a typical youth cohort, rather than what might be expected of a minority youth cohort. While the six youth participants in this study did not participate extensively in political activities, the interviewees indicated they are interested in politics and feel that they can influence politics in New Zealand, should they choose to do so.
Furthermore, this research highlights how theories which have been found to be influential in predicting the political engagement of majority groups may not adequately explain the engagement of immigrant communities. While most theories of participation have had their widest application in relation to majority communities, minority groups are faced with a unique set of informational, legal and linguistic barriers. Thus, traditional assumptions about what serves to influence political engagement may not fully explain immigrant political participation.
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Crowe, Francesca Lee, and n/a. "A biomarker survey of the fatty acid status of New Zealanders." University of Otago. Department of Human Nutrition, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070328.162638.
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My thesis research has examined the fatty acid composition of serum triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester in 2793 participants who took part in the 1997 National Nutrition Survey - a national population-based survey of New Zealand adolescents and adults aged or [greater than or equal to]̲15 y. Differences in serum fatty acids by sex, age, ethnicity, body mass index and smoking - independent of dietary fat intake - were determined. Serum fatty acids were used as biomarkers of saturated and polyunsaturated fat intake to predict population serum total cholesterol concentrations. The association between n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipid and mental and physical wellbeing, as assessed by the short form-36, was determined.
Serum fatty acids have been used as biological markers of fat intake and to predict the risk of disease. The fatty acid composition of serum triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester is subject to alteration by dietary fat but overall, is largely controlled by metabolic enzymes. Non-dietary variables - sex, age, body mass index or cigarette smoking - may influence the activity of these enzymes, which will subsequently alter the fatty acid composition but the extent to which these affect serum fatty acid composition in the general population is poorly understood. Our results showed that the proportion of docosahexaenoic acid in serum phospholipid and cholesterol ester was significantly greater in women by 0.15 and 0.02 mol%, respectively in comparison to men whereas, the proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid was significantly greater in men by 0.08 and 0.1 mol%, respectively, after adjusting for age, ethnicity, body mass index and smoking. A number of differences in the proportion of palmitoleic acid in serum triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester were detected; palmitoleic acid increased across the age categories in women (15-24, 25-44, 45-64 65+ y), was higher in women compared to men, New Zealand Europeans compared to New Zealand Maori and Pacific People, those with a body mass index or [greater than or equal to] 30 kg/m� compared to those with a body mass index < 25 kg/m� and in current smokers in comparison to non-smokers. In women, there was an inverse trend in the proportion of linoleic acid in serum phospholipid and cholesterol ester across the age categories. The proportion of linoleic acid in serum triacylglycerol, phospholipid and cholesterol ester was lower in smokers by 2.19, 1.04 and 0.75 mol%, respectively in comparison to non-smokers. None of these differences could be explained by a difference in dietary fat intake. Consequently, sex appears to affect the metabolism of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids independent of dietary fat intake and metabolic differences associated with age, body mass index and smoking may be at play for a number of other serum fatty acids notably, palmitoleic and linoleic acids.
Evidence for a role of dietary fat as a predictor of serum cholesterol concentrations in the general population is conflicting. On one hand, results from cholesterol-lowering dietary intervention trials show unequivocally that decreasing saturated fat intake produces a meaningful reduction in serum cholesterol concentrations. On the other hand, the results of large observational studies show little association between saturated fat intake and cholesterol concentrations. The lack of association in the latter studies may result from errors in dietary assessment and therefore, using serum fatty acids as biomarkers of fat intake may overcome the limitations associated with typical dietary assessment techniques. Participants were divided into quintiles of increasing proportion of serum fatty acids. Each one SD increase in the myristic acid composition of serum cholesterol ester, triacylglycerol and phospholipid was associated with an increase in cholesterol of 0.19, 0.10 and 0.13 mmol/L, respectively after adjusting for confounding variables. The difference in cholesterol concentrations between those categorised into the highest and lowest quintiles of serum cholesterol ester myristate was 0.48 mmol/L. A one SD increase in the linoleic acid composition of serum cholesterol ester, triacylglycerol and phospholipid corresponded to a decrease in cholesterol of 0.07, 0.05 and 0.07 mmol/L, respectively. The difference in cholesterol concentrations between the 1st and 5th quintiles of serum cholesterol linoleate was 0.18 mmol/L. Intake of saturated and polyunsaturated fats, as measured using serum fatty acids, are important determinants of cholesterol concentrations in New Zealanders.
It has been hypothesised that a lower intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, largely of marine origin, is implicated in the aetiology of depressive disorder. Results from the majority of observational studies have shown that depressed participants have a lower proportion of eicosapentaenoic or docosahexaenoic acid in phospholipids compared to controls but evidence for an improvement in depressive symptoms after supplementation with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is conflicting. There is little known about the role that n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may have as predictors of mental wellbeing in the general population. Participants were categorised into quintiles of increasing n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipid. There was no significant trend in self-reported mental wellbeing - the mental component score - across the quintiles of eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids or the sum of these three fatty acids after adjusting for confounding variables. There was a significant trend in the mental component score across the quintiles of the ratio of eicosapentaenoic/arachidonic acid; the difference between the highest and the lowest quintile was 6.6 points. There were significant positive trends in self-reported physical health - the physical component score - across the quintiles of eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids as well as the ratio of eicosapentaenoic/arachidonic acid ratio; the difference between the 1st and 5th quintiles were 8.6, 6.0 and 8.9 points, respectively. Overall, there appears to be little association between the n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of serum phospholipid and self-reported mental health in a population of low fish consumers; however, the proportion of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may be an important predictor of physical wellbeing in New Zealanders.
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Earl, Emma. "Brand New Zealanders: The Commodification of Polynesian Youth Identity in bro'Town." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Journalism and Mass Communication, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1036.
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Maori and Pacific Island youth are the 'it kids' of Aotearoa New Zealand television today, as the exceptional success of the television series bro'Town attests. Corporate sponsors clamour to associate their brands with the hit programme, from international heavyweights including Coke and Vodafone to local players such as G-Force. Likewise, celebrities from at home and abroad proclaim their support for bro'Town in guest appearances on the show. But, what is at stake when the visibility of Polynesian youth in the media is so inextricably intertwined with the commercial imperatives of major corporations and pop-culture celebrities? This paper attends to an absence of critical response regarding the role of commercial influences in the representation of Polynesian youth identity in bro'Town. In striving to be popular, contemporary television in Aotearoa New Zealand often addresses the preconceptions of its target audience. The commodification of Polynesian youth identity in bro'Town, therefore, may be interpreted as a marketing strategy to tap into a popular ideological shift towards multiculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand without disrupting the dominant ideology of white, middle-class masculinity from which capitalism derives. Although bro'Town offers specific challenges to popular stereotypes of Polynesian youth culture, the discursive construction of Maori and Pacific youth identities in the show is still circumscribed by a consumerist ethos that demands adherence to Western capitalist culture in Aotearoa New Zealand. Bro'Town operates in complicity with pre-existing binaries between masculinity/femininity and heterosexual/homosexual and thus implicitly reinscribes the status quo for youth in Aotearoa New Zealand today. Moreover, bro'Town's multicultural ethic is largely contrary because the series fails to contest popular stereotypes about other ethnic minorities. In Brand New Zealanders, it is argued that the corporate co-option of Polynesian youth culture in bro'Town ultimately does less to pry open new discursive spaces for the development of youth identity than to operate as a vehicle for the deliberate shrinking of consumer choice.
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Murphy, Juanita. "Strategies older New Zealanders use to participate in day-to-day occupations." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/684.
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This exploratory study investigated the strategies that eight older New Zealanders use to enable participation in day-to-day occupations that they need or want to do, in their homes and the community. The types of strategies older people use to overcome barriers to participation and manage limitations are not widely known or reported. Exploring strategies for participation employed by older people is important because the majority of older New Zealanders live in the community and their numbers are growing, and projected to reach 25% of the total population by the year 2051 (Ministry of Health, 2002). New Zealand’s Positive Ageing Strategy (Minister for Senior Citizens, 2001), advocates for a society where people can age positively, where they are highly valued and their participation encouraged. The literature relating to occupation, participation and health was explored, and provided some evidence that older people are developing strategies and, with some education, are able to manage their own health conditions. The assumption underpinning this study is that they are equally able to manage strategies for participation, particularly those devised by older people themselves. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used. The participants were selected following a presentation to a group of older adults and snowball recruitment. They were aged between 73 and 98 years old and were receiving assistance to live in community, which was taken to indicate they had experienced some limitation in, or barrier to their everyday activities, in response to which they might have discovered or developed coping strategies. Interviews were conducted in the participants’ homes, and analysed using a general inductive approach. Four main categories emerged; strategies for keeping me safe, strategies for recruiting and accepting help, strategies for meeting biological needs, and strategies for conserving resources. Overarching themes of managing and getting on with it, sprinkled with a sense of humour by some participants was present in the attitudes of many participants. The study revealed that this group of older people can and do use strategies to enable occupation in their everyday lives, which differ from those recommended by occupational therapists and other health professionals. This finding suggests that health professionals, policy makers and educators have much to learn from older people. The provision of help to older adults should take into consideration the importance of social interactions, not just the physical needs. There is a need for transport to be more readily available and affordable for older people to attend occupations that meet social needs. Health professionals complement the strategies developed by older people, and finding ways to combine the strategies should be developed. Listening to older adults’ current ways of managing and working with them to develop alternate, yet acceptable methods will provide a challenge. Health professionals should take a greater role in advocating for the social and transport needs of older adults. A self-management approach in education for older people, using peers and making use of existing education groups in the community and health system, is suggested. Education of those who engage with older people, such as carers, family, health professionals and community groups should include developing their skills in assisting older people to identify their strategies and developing strategies for the future.
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Haverig, Anika. ""Should I stay or should I go?" - The pushes and pulls around the OE in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/963.
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The OE is a working holiday phenomenon in New Zealand that shapes the life experiences of many young adults. "Should I stay or should I go?" critically engages with this social phenomenon by approaching it as simultaneously an opportunity for freedom and choice and a field of rules, regulations, and constraints. The analysis of the OE offered in this thesis draws on Foucauldian understandings of power and discourse and, more particularly, Nikolas Rose's approach to governance through freedom and the constitution of subjects in advanced liberal democracies. By using these theoretical resources, it investigates how the OE is discursively constructed as a life course experience through which power operates via the promises of freedom and choice. A combination of substantive resources, including existing academic literature, print and virtual media, questionnaires, web-based discussions, and conversations with young New Zealanders planning to pursue an OE are used to illustrate how many of them are governed as they embrace the freedoms associated with the OE. The use of Foucault facilitates an understanding of the discourses through which young New Zealanders are constituted and constitute themselves as OE travellers. Attention is also paid to the ways in which the actions of authorities - governments, non-state organisations, and commercial travel operators - contribute to the regulatory environments and social imaginaries that shape young adults' experiences of the OE.
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Stephenson, Maxine Sylvia. "Creating New Zealanders: Education and the formation of the state and the building of the nation." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/30.
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Educational activity preceded official British presence in New Zealand. The development of the New Zealand state from crown colony, to a system of relatively autonomous provincial councils, to a centralized administration took place within a period of four decades. Co-terminous with and essential to the state's progressive securing of its authority was the institutionalization of separate national systems of education for Maori and Pakeha. Whilst the ascendancy of the state and the securing of education as a central state concern proceeded ultimately with the sanction of the state and in accordance with its objectives it was not a straight forward process in a young nation which was born democratic, but was struggling to consolidate political and cultural unity. The various stages and the ultimate form that education in New Zealand took were closely linked to shifts in the nature and role of the state in its formative years, in the nature of its relationship with civil society, and in its official relationship with Maori. This provided the context and dynamic of the shift to state control as public schooling came to dominate over private or voluntary efforts, and as the particularism of isolated provincial settlements was replaced by a system designed to serve the nation as a whole. Positing conceptual links between the development of national education and the processes of state formation and nation building in a colonizing context, this thesis argues that the institutionally differentiated form that universal education took in New Zealand produced a site through which socially, culturally and ideologically determined conceptions of “normality” would be legitimated and become hegemonic. By nationalizing education to legitimate a culture of uniformity based on a specific set of norms, individual New Zealanders were differentially created according to class, gender and ethnicity, and to physical, intellectual, behavioural and sensory functioning.
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Harrington-Watt, Kathleen. "Vernacular Photographs as Privileged Objects:The Social Relationships of Photographs in the Homes of Gujarati/New Zealanders." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6208.
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Photographs traverse the world in many forms and for many purposes. They follow and trace movements and networks of people, and have become essential objects in linking the past, present, and future of migrating communities. Vernacular photographs found in the home, encompass a substantial field of neglected knowledge and should be accorded greater attention and analysis in social science research. Vernacular images in academic research are often described as ordinary and mundane, their representational aspects are perceived to be repetitive and unremarkable (portraits, family snapshots etc.). However, this thesis argues that vernacular photographs are privileged objects and it is their universality and social embeddedness that elevates their significance in social science research. Unlike public or institutionalised photographic archives, vernacular archives operate within active social contexts and are alive with social agency. In this thesis, I use Alfred Gell’s anthropological theory of Art and Agency as the framework for conceptualising the social agency of photographs. To support these claims, this research examines the personal photographs found in the vernacular archives of a Gujarati migrant group in Christchurch, New Zealand. The photographs presented by members of this group are found at the centre of their social lives, mirroring their experiences and relationships in visual form. I use the Chakra Wheel as a visual metaphor to symbolise the nature of this group and their photographs. This metaphor speaks directly to the phenomenon of transnationalism and acknowledges that, for migrant communities, these transitioning processes are complex and elaborate, where the foundations of kinship and homemaking are constantly shifting. Vernacular photographs are at the centre of these transnational exchanges and networks, shifting from place to place, creating tangible and virtual threads between individuals, families, villages, and communities. They anchor these relationships at various sites, such as the wall in the family home, in albums, wallets, and on the internet. Vernacular photographs mirror these complex processes, and silently record and embody the social lives of people in a visual way.
The mirrored reflection of the vernacular photograph can be both objective and subjective. By using the vernacular photograph as a research medium, in ethnographic research, we can get closer to the lived reality of people’s social lives. To emphasise the privileged position of vernacular photographs, I have chosen to use the methodology of photo-elicitation to position the photograph at the centre of enquiry. The methodology used in this thesis borrows some essential concepts from the discipline of phototherapy. Phototherapy claims that photographs can open up an exploration of us and others and, when the participant has primary agency, the affective force of the photograph is powerful and insightful. This thesis strongly supports these assumptions. Phototherapy uses photographs to explore the thoughts and unconscious processes of individuals. I argue that, in social research, photographs can also be used to explore and ‘open up’ the social world, by positioning the participant as the prime authority of their images, and their images as the vehicle of engagement and communication. By using vernacular photographs in this way, I look at both ‘on the surface’ and ‘below the surface’ of the image, making links with Barthes’ photographic theory and his concepts of ‘studium’ and ‘punctum’. In this thesis, the participants are the curators of their own personal archives. Their photographs give an emic view of their world, emphasising the importance of their migrant history, ancestors, village home, community, and cultural identity. Their photographs mediate agency between persons and places: keeping alive personal and spiritual relationships in the here and now; reinforcing essential familial knowledge systems; and assisting in creating and maintaining community identity and belonging.
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Clayton, Neil, and n/a. "Weeds, people and contested places : selected themes from the history of New Zealanders and their weeds 1770-1940." University of Otago. Department of History, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071129.105550.
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This study examines three basic questions. Why did so many familiar floral species with which agricultural people have more or less successfully contested places for some 10,000 years apparently become highly problematic in New Zealand? How did those in whom the developing contest aroused considerable anxiety try to solve the problems they saw emerging? And what were the outcomes of their chosen courses of action? This study is organised around three main themes, science, the law and agricultural practices. Within each theme I take into consideration the ways New Zealanders used particular aspects of these broad disciplines to try to identify, understand and solve the problems they perceived to have been caused by their weedy biota. I also consider the extent to which recourse to these means has helped or hindered the ends they sought.
The methodology adopted for this study is a variation of an 'organisational approach', advocated by the German environmental historian Frank Uekoetter. It focuses on the ways responses to perceived environmental problems are organised within a society. From my use of Uekoetter�s model I conclude that, despite a number of setbacks during the mid to late 19th century, by 1939 New Zealanders had developed highly dynamic processes within their weed science, extending into the wider farming community, by which they could feel their way with some confidence into a future where they might better manage the contest with their weeds, if not actually eradicate them.
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McKenzie, Donna Margaret. "Happily ever after: Discourses of emotion, love and health in the intimate relationships of young adult New Zealanders." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3139241.
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Young people are often constructed in academic and lay explanations as an inherently risky population. They are the age group most likely to feature in public health statistics, especially those of intentional and unintentional injury. A common risk factor cited in these statistics is conflict within or breakdown of an inter-personal relationship, in particular intimate heterosexual relationships. Intimate relationships serve as markers of normal adulthood in New Zealand society, and many young people invest significantly in them for their emotional and material rewards. This study investigated the social processes and experiences that influence young adult New Zealanders' perceptions of their own and others' intimate relationships. It employed an inter-disciplinary framework of critical interpretive medical anthropology and a public health approach with a lifecourse perspective. A multi-interview method was used involving more than 90 people interviewed either in focus groups, as couples, or as individuals. Interviews focused on young people's ideas and experiences of healthy and unhealthy relationships, as well as the influence of families, friends, and popular culture on relationships. Intimate relationships are based on naturalised gender differences that work to construct men as masculine/active and women as feminine/passive and hide disparities based on gender within a discourse of equality. The ideal healthy relationship is based on ideas of individualism, emotional and material inter-dependence, and the addition of other social networks into a partner relationship. Families are primary sources of information about and models for relationships. Friends are significant in establishing an adult identity separate to one's parents. Both families and friends are emotional safety nets in times of relationship difficulties. Understandings of popular culture and its products are most commonly experienced through gendered romantic narratives. Because of their ubiquity and popularity, information produced by mass media is particularly influential for young people. Overall, young people reported that relationships are a considerable source of joy to them. However, when problems occur, they tend to revert to stereotypical and gendered cultural scripts rather than relying on individual knowledge. To mitigate the possible negative effects of these scripts, knowledge of the skills required to overcome relationships difficulties need to be made explicit and fostered by relevant public health and education policy and promotion activities.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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De, Bres Julia. "Planning for tolerability : promoting positive attitudes and behaviours towards the Māori language among non-Māori New Zealanders : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/687.
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Swenson, Victor, and Mattias Ekberg. "Usage of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in a sample of New Zealanders with osteoarthritis : A cross-sectional study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för fysioterapi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171613.
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Introduction Oral Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) is an analgesia and is commonly used by people with osteoarthritis (OA). Oral NSAID is currently recommended as the second level of treatment for OA, and could be considered if physical activity, topical NSAID or paracetamol do not supply sufficient pain relief. Aim To investigate how frequently oral NSAID is used in a sample of New Zealanders with OA and also to investigate the exposure to heightened risk of adverse events while using oral NSAID. Method A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect information about the use of oral NSAID by people with self-reported OA. The survey included 75 participants who were over the age of 45 with an average age of 70.6 years. Results While having OA, 57,3% of the sample reported oral NSAID use. The results also show that 52% of the participants with cardiovascular (CV), gastrointestinal (GI) or renal comorbidities used oral NSAID, and 17,3% of them also combined that NSAID with medication for their comorbidity. Concerning the heightened risks of adverse events, 21% of the participants did acquire the analgesia over the counter (OTC), and 76,6% stated that they were over the age of 65. Conclusion A majority of the participants in the study with self-reported OA take NSAID as an analgesia. Also, the study shows that NSAID is commonly used among participants with co-morbidity, which is similar to figures presented in previous studies in the area. However, the small sample size limits its generalizability to a larger population.Introduktion Orala icke-steroida antiinflammatoriska läkemedel (NSAID) är en grupp smärtstillande mediciner som är vanligt använt av personer mer artros. Orala NSAID-preparat rekommenderas idag som en andrahandsbehandling och kan övervägas om fysisk aktivitet, topikala NSAID-preparat eller paracetamol inte ger tillräcklig smärtlindrande effekt. Syfte Att undersöka hur vanligt användandet av orala NSAID-preparat är i ett stickprov av personer med artros i Nya Zeeland samt att undersöka exponering av orala NSAID-preparat i subgrupper med ökad risk för biverkningar vid användande av orala NSAID-preparat. Metod En tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes för att samla in information kring användning av orala NSAID-preparat av personer med självrapporterad artros. Studiepopulationen bestod av 75 personer över 45 års ålder med en medelålder på 70,6 år. Resultat 57,3% av deltagarna använder orala NSAID-preparat som behandling för sin självrapporterad artros. Gällande subgrupper med ökad risk för biverkning av NSAID användning visar studien att 52% av deltagare med kardiovaskulära, gastrointestinala eller njurpåverkade sjukdomar använder orala NSAID-preparat och av dessa kombinerar 17,3% NSAID-preparaten med medicin för sin samsjuklighet. Av deltagarna som uppgav att de använder orala NSAID-preparat erhåller 21% av dessa NSAID-preparaten receptfritt över disk. Av deltagare som var 65 år eller äldre uppgav 76,6% att de använder orala NSAID-preparat för behandling av artros. Slutsats En majoritet av deltagarna med självrapporterad artros tar orala NSAID-preparat i smärtstillande syfte för sin artros. Studien visar också att NSAID ofta används bland deltagare med samsjuklighet, vilket motsvarar presenterade siffror från tidigare studier inom området. Den lilla stickprovsstorleken begränsar emellertid studiens generaliserbahet gentemot en större population.
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Cowie, Sarah Joanna. "Utilising the human dimensions of wildlife management approach to initiate an understanding of the ways in which New Zealanders value wildlife in Aotearoa, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2262.
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This study was instigated by the lack of human dimensions research undertaken in New Zealand, and seeks to investigate the knowledge and values New Zealanders hold about New Zealand wildlife within three distinct groups of the New Zealand public. These groups were the Royal Forest and Bird Society of New Zealand Inc, the New Zealand Ecological Society (Inc.), and the New Zealand Deerstalkers Association. A questionnaire administered via Association list-serv's was utilised and a total of 52 questionnaires were completed by members of the three stakeholder groups. These were then analysed to investigate the values and knowledge New Zealanders hold toward wildlife in New Zealand. The findings of this study suggest that New Zealander's hold strong utilitarian and negativistic values toward wildlife while the humanistic, moralistic, and naturalistic values were expressed by the majority of respondents. This result could be due to the high level of respondents who were from the New Zealand Deerstalkers Association. Conversely, whiled the data suggests that New Zealander's hold the ecologistic/scientific value only weakly, overall they have a high level of factual knowledge about wildlife. Because of this, it may be suggested that wildlife managers should generate education programmes that specifically address the negativistic value by making them imaginative and interesting. Demographic factors were found to be influential in the ways in which New Zealander's value wildlife and the knowledge they hold although these were not as significant as indicated by studies undertaken in other countries. The lowest levels of knowledge were shown by respondents who were over 60 years of age; and higher income levels corresponded with the negativistic value being held more highly. Several areas of this study showed transgressions from other studies undertaken overseas. Unlike other studies, which suggested that females hold the naturalistic value more strongly than males, this study showed that both males and females held the naturalistic value only weakly. This indicates that findings from studies conducted overseas may not be transferable to the New Zealand situation and therefore, for New Zealand managers to effectively incorporate human dimensions information in decision-making processes, human dimensions research must be undertaken in the New Zealand context. Furthermore, wildlife managers should not make assumptions based on other studies and communities as these can lead to ineffective communication and implementation of wildlife management policies and education programmes.
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Wen, Jewel Ji Yang. "Adult NZ Chinese comparative study of body composition measured by DEXA." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/385.
Full textAbstract:
Body fat, regional body fat and bone mineral mass, are linked to health conditions such as obesity and osteoporosis. The ethnic comparison of body composition may help to explain and understand the difference of health outcomes and health status in different ethnic groups. NZ Chinese is the largest Asian group in New Zealand, however, knowledge about health risks and body composition for NZ Chinese is very limited. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were: 1) To compare the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF) of European (M29, F37), Maori (M23, F23), Pacific people (M15, F23), and Asian Indian (M29, F25) (existing data) with NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years; 2) To compare fat distribution, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ApSM), bone mineral density (BMD) and limb bone lengths across these five ethnic groups. A convenience sample of healthy NZ Chinese (M20, F23) was selected by BMI to cover a wide range of body fatness. Total and regional body fat, fat free mass (FFM) and bone mineral content were measured by whole-body Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The main study findings were: • For a fixed BMI, NZ Chinese had a higher %BF than European and less %BF than Asian Indian. At a %BF equivalent to a BMI of 30 kg.m-2 in Europeans (WHO threshold for obesity), BMI values for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese women were 5.8 and 2.2 BMI units lower than European, respectively, and for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese men, 8.2 and 3.0 BMI units lower. • Abdominal-to-thigh fat ratio of NZ Chinese was significantly higher than that of European (P<0.001) and similar to that of Asian Indian. NZ Chinese had a significantly higher central-to-appendicular fat ratio than both Asian Indian and European (P<0.001). NZ Chinese was centrally fatter than European and Asian Indian. • For the same height and weight, NZ Chinese had significantly less FFM (-2.1 kg, P=0.039) and ApSM (-1.4kg, P=0.007) than European. NZ Chinese had significantly more FFM (+3.2 kg, P=0.001) than Asian Indian and similar ApSM to Asian Indian. • For the same weight, NZ Chinese had a similar BMD as European for female and male. NZ Chinese male had a higher BMD (+0.07 g.cm-2, P= 0.001) than Asian Indian male. • Among the five ethnic groups, NZ Chinese had the shortest leg (-1.5cm, P=0.016) and arm bone lengths (-2.3cm, P=0.001) (measured by DEXA) for the same DEXA height. Therefore, the relationship between percent body fat and BMI for Asian Indian and NZ Chinese differs from Europeans and from each other, which indicates that different BMI thresholds for obesity may be required for these Asian ethnic groups. Given the relatively high percentage body fat, low appendicular skeletal muscle mass and high central fat to appendicular fat ratio of NZ Chinese aged 30-39 years demonstrated in this study, promotion of healthy eating and physical activity is needed to be tailored for NZ Chinese. The NZ Chinese community should be advised to keep fit, prevent limited movements in older age, and to prevent obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Kimberley, Aidan. "You Wouldn't Know There Was a War On. A Cultural History of New Zealanders Serving in Bomber Command during the Second World War." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8623.
Full textAbstract:
The intention of this project is to reconstruct the culture of New Zealanders serving in Bomber
Command of the RAF during the Second World War. Similar work has emerged on the culture of
British airmen but cultural histories looking specifically at New Zealand airmen are yet to emerge.
In conducting a cultural history of this subject, this paper looks more closely at the airmens'
behaviour, routines and emotions. To achieve this, it will focus on three main aspects of the New
Zealanders' culture: rivalries, leisure and attitudes. Rivalries were commonplace and include
sporting contests, which were encouraged as a morale boosting tool, tensions between members of
aircrews, and also a bitter rivalry between Englishmen and New Zealanders which was caused by
unpopular decision making by a handful of English commanders. Forms of leisure were particularly
varied. Tourism was an activity New Zealanders commonly indulged in, as was visiting friends and
extended family on leave, and frequenting the local concerts and stage shows. However it became
clear that they had not quite grown out of their rebellious teenage selves as unsanctioned activities
such as joy riding and pranks emerged. In the final chapter it is shown that the cheerful demeanour
the men tried to present was the result of self-censorship to protect their families, and that once they
began experiencing horrifying situations this demeanour became much harder to maintain.
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Mackay, Christopher Don, and n/a. "Sepulture perpetuelle : New Zealand and Gallipoli : possession, preservation and pilgrimage 1916-1965." University of Otago. Department of History, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070504.145719.
Full textAbstract:
Constructions of memory, myth and legend relating to Gallipoli have dominated the academic assumption which suggests that this dimension alone has allowed for the reawakening of the exceptional interest in the Anzac tradition; a tradition that has converged at the physical site in modern day Turkey. While these intangible constructions have waxed, waned, and re-emerged over the Twentieth Century, possessing the site to commence the construction of an Anzac Battlefield Cemetery has been ignored in academic enquiry. This significant series of events from 1916 to 1965 were indispensable to memory perpetuation and essential to the commemorative primacy that this preserved headland now enjoys. The desire to repossess, and then own in perpetuity the battlefield in order to attach the appropriate masonry adornments, is in itself unique. This dimension has not been academically scrutinised by any historian until now. Nor has the deliberate desire to construct an Anzac shrine that would someday attract pilgrims from the Antipodes been studied. Present day site-sacralisation by rite-of-passage pilgrims, thoroughly emersed in the Anzac tradition, suggests the convergence of the two dimensions is complete.
To counteract this problem of the �hegemony of the intangibles� this thesis explores primary sources, gleaned largely from archival records, then evaluates the significance of the history of �physical Gallipoli.� Thematic approaches based upon the lines of possession, preservation and pilgrimage argue that this parallel dimension has played an indispensable role in shaping the end result today. Tens of thousands Australasian travellers now flock to this preserved battlefield to encounter the actual physicality of the tradition. The battlefield cemetery, complete with botanical emblems of ownership, had been out of the reach of the very generation who had created, acquired and constructed the battlefield landscape. The New Zealand public had to be content with assorted forms of vicarious pilgrimage coupled with widespread domestic memorialisation.
New Zealand�s post-evacuation experience at Gallipoli became a story completely distinctive from that of Australia or Great Britain. The deliberately constructed Anzac Battlefield Cemetery is a unique landscape artefact that a proud but mournful generation set out to create. They eventually achieved this end by a complicated mixture of conquest, occupation, careful preservation, and commemorative ownership. These efforts were assisted by the vagaries of economic happenstance and international politics that left this remote Peninsula isolated and off-limits to human encounter. Fortuitously frozen in time, this landscape artefact, so steeped in Classical history, has emerged as one of the most sacred, and perhaps the most recognisable, geographic features associated with Australasia. Overriding these plans for shrine construction had been the stated goal of securing a reverent final resting place for those who fell during the creation of the Anzac legend in 1915. Sepulture perpetuelle became the post-evacuation catchphrase that propelled this Great War generation to go almost to the brink of war to secure the principles of this phrase. This lofty goal of permanence, by passage of time and the re-appropriation of nature, had mercifully been completed before the current �second invasion� that commenced in the 1980s. The Anzac Battlefield Cemetery is now a victim of its own very successful physical preservation.
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Smith, Philippa Karen. "Desperately seeking a national identity an examination of narrative in the Heartland television series and its influence in defining New Zealanders : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts (Communication Studies), 2003 /." Full thesis. Abstract, 2003.
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Miyazaki, Yoshihiko. "Social knowledge of food how and why people talk about foods /." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2592.
Full textAbstract:
Social knowledge about food was investigated from a social contingency perspective (Guerin, 1994, 1998, 2004), a functional linguistic approach that considers language use having functions both to establish 'facts' in order to control listeners, and to maintain social relationships with words. In Study 1, whether people shared knowledge about food or not was examined. One hundred and fourteen New Zealand and 23 Japanese participants were asked to answer free format questionnaires asking the reasons they and others eat or do not eat particular food items. Those answers were categorised into 8 categories and 30 sub-categories of the knowledge about foods by qualitative content analysis. The results of a cluster analysis of those categories showed that participants used the categories homogeneously although there were some differences between New Zealand and Japanese participants, and that the participants selectively used different types of knowledge according to food items especially when explaining why people do or do not eat some foods. In Study 2, rhetorical features about foods were investigated: (1) numerical quantification rhetoric; (2) narrative use rhetoric; and (3) enumeration rhetoric. Factual statements from a corpus of 118 New Zealand TV commercials and 249 Japanese TV commercials were coded by the categories generated in Study 1. The results showed that the categories of factual statements were selectively used on TV commercials depending on the food types, and related closely to the results of Study 1. The rhetorical strategies appeared in commercials according to the categories of factual statements. When more than one factual statement was presented in a commercial, the relations of the factual statements were usually of a conjunctive form such as quotfact A however fact Bquot or quotfact A moreover fact Bquot, or else the factual statements were presented independently rather than the one statement logically warranting the other. These results suggest that those rhetoric uses and the arrangements of the factual statements were selectively used according to the effectiveness against counter arguments using shared knowledge. Study 3 and Study 4 analysed the functions of shared knowledge about food for maintaining social relationships through investigating the cases in which knowledge about foods presented as the form of 'collaborative talk', which occurs when one speaker completes the preceding saying by another speaker. In Study 3, the collaborative talk as sentence completions of knowledge about food was qualitatively analysed from conversations of 30 to 45 minutes produced by four groups consisting of four or five Japanese participants who were friends. From a social contingency view, the analysis focused on the following conversational properties: (1) who the listener was; (2) the degree of sharing of the information between the speakers; (3) the degree of sharing of the information between the 2nd speaker and the listener; and (4) the disagreement between the 2nd speaker and the listener. The results of Study 3 suggested some possible functions of sentence completions of knowledge about food: (1) the function when the first speaker is the listener may be enhancement of the relationship between the first and the second speakers through showing the second speaker's attention and understanding to the first speaker's utterance, because those sentence completions were often followed by the affirmation or negation by the first speaker; (2) when a third person is the listener, and the first and the second speaker refuted the third person using sentence completion, the function seems to be just establishing 'facts'; and (3) in the cases of 'assisted explaining' (Lerner Takagi, 1999) , the function may be not only establishing 'facts' but also enhancement the relationship between the listener and the speakers, because the constructed 'facts' may work as a kind of conversational 'gift'. In Study 4, five Japanese groups consisting of four participants who were friends were asked to talk about four topics about foods that all participants either agreed or disagreed ('All agree' condition) and four food topics for which there was disagreement about it between participants ('Some agree' condition). When the listeners could not be identified, and the second speakers did not used the utterance-final element such as 'yo ne' that is regarded as having a function of showing agreement between the speakers, the participants used sentence completions more frequently in 'All agree' conditions. The results suggested that the function of this type of sentence completion is not merely establishing 'facts' but also enhancing the relationship between the speakers through showing agreement about the relevant things to the topic. In conclusion, the results of the present studies suggest some possible social contingencies involved both when people get knowledge about food and when they use it.
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Marshall, Sheryn A. "What it's like being us stories of young New Zealanders who experience difficulty learning : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science at Auckland University of Technology, July 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Scott, Michael William. "New Zealand’s Pop Renaissance: A creative industry as ‘after neo-liberal’ social policy." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5595.
Full textAbstract:
Whole document restricted until March 2011, see Access Instructions file below for details of how to access the print copy.This thesis argues that the popular music policies of New Zealand's fifth Labour government can be understood as a form of 'after neo-liberal' social policy. In doing so, this thesis contributes to the literature on the state and popular music, work and entrepreneurship in the creative industries, and the sociology of cultural policy. On coming to power in 1999 Labour signalled both a renewed interest in supporting the arts and culture and a new enabling role for the state in the market economy. An explosion of national cultural production ensued. Popular music was at the forefront of this 'arts and cultural revival' as sales, airplay, and exports rose dramatically. This thesis investigates the macro-micro dynamics of this state-supported pop renaissance. At the macro-scale how Labour brought popular music into a strategic policy to address economic growth, employment, and national cultural identity is examined. How the state constituted an audience for Kiwi pop while simultaneously working to facilitate artists into global music markets through new institutional innovations is also explained. These policies illustrate emerging 'after neo-liberal' practices whereby the enabling state becomes another player in existing markets. At the micro-scale this state facilitation of pop production sees its agencies come to act as cultural intermediaries. This feature constructs a competitive game for pop producers who seek state support. Using Bourdieu's sociological concepts of fields and alternative forms of capital this thesis analyses how pop producing creative entrepreneurs - as entrepreneurs sans economic capital - use mostly non-market modes of exchange to construct the symbolic capital necessary to access state support. The 'after neo-liberal' state also seeks to repair the social dislocations of earlier neo-liberal reform. Using Bourdieu's concepts of new petit bourgeoisie and social trajectories it is argued Labour's music policies offer a way to include and provide meaning to an increasing number of potentially marginalised youthful agents and is thus homologous to the inclusionary pyramid of the earlier welfare state. Moreover it is argued music policy as social policy offers youthful creative entrepreneurs a belief that they may reconvert their alternative forms of capital - via the state - into an upward social trajectory
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Priestley, Rebecca Katherine. "Nuclear New Zealand: New Zealand's nuclear and radiation history to 1987." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5007.
Full textAbstract:
New Zealand has a paradoxical relationship with nuclear science. We are as proud of Ernest Rutherford, known as the father of nuclear science, as of our nuclear-free status. Early enthusiasm for radium and X-rays in the first half of the twentieth century and euphoria in the 1950s about the discovery of uranium in a West Coast road cutting was countered by outrage at French nuclear testing in the Pacific and protests against visits from American nuclear-powered warships.
New Zealand today has a strong nuclear-free identity – a result of the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act of 1987 that prohibited nuclear weapons and nuclear warships in the country’s land, air and water – that can be traced back to the first protests against nuclear weapons in the 1940s. This thesis is based on the supposition that the “nuclear-free New Zealand” narrative is so strong and such a part of the national identity that it has largely eclipsed another story, the pre-1980s story of “nuclear New Zealand”. New Zealand’s early embracing of and enthusiasm for nuclear science and technology needs to be introduced into our national story. This thesis aims to discover and reveal that history: from the young New Zealand physicists seconded to work on the Manhattan Project; to the plans for a heavy water plant at Wairakei; prospecting for uranium on the West Coast of the South Island; plans for a nuclear power station on the Kaipara Harbour; and the thousands of scientists and medical professionals who have worked with nuclear technology. Put together, they provide a narrative history of nuclear New Zealand.
Between the “anti-nuclear” voices, already well told in many histories of nuclear-free New Zealand, and the “pro-nuclear” voices revealed in this thesis, options were considered and decisions made. This thesis shows that the people with decision-making power tended to make practical decisions based on economics and national interest when it came to deciding whether or not to adopt a certain piece of nuclear technology or whether or not to participate in projects or ventures with international agencies. This eventually led to a nuclear-free policy – focused on weapons, nuclear-powered ships and waste – that since the legislation was enacted in 1987 has been interpreted ever more widely by politicians and the public to include nuclear power, uranium prospecting and many other applications of nuclear technology.
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McGovern, Kerry. "Governance reform of New Zealand's state sector 1984-1994 : a case study /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19186.pdf.
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Burdon, Peter Rowland. "The media and New Zealand's developing relationship with Asia." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Journalism, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2881.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of Asia to New Zealand has become
increasingly apparent. The New Zealand government has recognised the
prominence and potential of the region. However, it is arguable whether
the media have acknowledged its importance. This study attempts to
detemrine how the New Zealand media has responded.
The research is based on two hypotheses amended from their
American origins to suit a New Zealand context. The first questions the
media's ability to influence public attitudes toward the relationship. This
focuses on the attention given to Asian issues. The second questions the
media's ability to influence public attitudes because of its vulnerability to
government manipulation. This deals with areas where the government has
the potential to influence aspects of coverage.
The research focuses on the 1990s when New Zealand's
relationship with Asia has taken on a new dimension. Particular emphasis
is placed on the print media.
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Cathro, Rebecca Ann. "New Zealand's women working free? : a decade of change." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Political Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4311.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the effects and impacts of the Employment Contracts Act 1991 on
women in non-standard from 1991-1999 in New Zealand. It addresses the need for
qualitative research that gives voice to the experiences of women in non-standard work.
The research model developed in this thesis is informed by feminist methodology. It is
argued that the traditional methods of recording employment statistics and of
conducting survey interviews do not account for the personal experiences of the
respondents. This study combines three techniques: analysis of published literature,
analysis of employment statistics and in-depth qualitative interviews with six women in
non-standard employment.
Examination of the political context of the enactment of the Employment Contracts Act
1991 highlighted varied expectations of the legislation. Political parties, feminist
researchers and interest groups differed in their assessment of the implications of the
Act for women in non-standard work. The study compares these views with statistical
data and the findings of interviews with women in non-standard work.
It is argued that the Act has had a significant effect on women. The flexibility of
employment created by the Act has enabled women with young children to work by
lifting the constraints on time, as well as the responsibilities of child-care. However,
flexible working hours imposed significant constraints on women's private time and the
results of the interviews suggest that the affects of the Act are different for women who
no longer require flexibility in work in order to work around child-care responsibilities.
In conclusion, this discussion gives a new perspective to the study of the effects of the
Employment Contracts Act 1991 by supplementing analysis of political debate and statistical records with opportunities for ordinary women workers to reflect on their
experiences. This indicative study provides a basis for further research in this area.
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Pemberton, Judith Mary. "Perspectives in the interpretation of New Zealand's cultural heritage." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2060.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis surveys a number of historic and cultural interpretation programmes. It considers the aims of these programmes and describes the ways they illustrate aspects of biculturalism. It examines the concerns faced by those developing and administering such programmes in contemporary New Zealand society. As well as an extensive literature review, data was collected through interviews with interpretive practitioners involved in both long-standing and recent programmes, museum ethnologists,
Department of Conservation staff, and archaeologists as well as others with specialised skills in this area. Analysis is based on examination of the ways in which interpretation is affected by the policy, values and practices of their context. The effects on interpretation of assimilative practice are contrasted with an emerging bicultural practice. Models of assimilation, market ethos and biculturalism are examined in terms of Freire's analysis of oppressive and liberating societies. Case studies highlight some of the issues raised when pursuing bicultural practice within an increasingly market dominated
society. Findings indicate that such programmes are beneficial as an aspect of bicultural education in heightening the visibility of Maori for the general public, and introducing values, processes and a different way of approaching material from what has been accepted by many as the monocultural
norm. Furthermore and importantly they can represent the return of provenance to material and ownership of material and sites to Maori. However the study indicates there are differing perceptions on the part of Maori and Pakeha interpretive agents in relation to priorities over issues, cultural values, and ways of viewing material.
Furthermore the demands of an increasingly market driven economy places pressures on the development of such interpretive programmes.
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Seibold, Claudia. "Quantifying New Zealand’s fault lines: fractal dimension and orientation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9025.
Full textAbstract:
The surface of New Zealand is dissected by a complex network of fault lines. Understanding the mathematics
behind this pattern could lead to better prediction of earthquakes, both large and small, that shake the country on
an average of 14,000 times a year. The object of this thesis is to investigate whether fault lines are fractal and, if
so, what their fractal dimension is. A spatial pattern of fault line orientation is studied, using a permutation test,
specifically adapted for this study. It is found that the estimated fractal dimension is very dependent on the method
chosen to analyse spatial distribution. The characteristic of the estimated fractal pattern for the South Island of
New Zealand as described in this study and appears to agree with findings for the seismic area of Japan. The
orientation of the fault lines depends on spatial location. This result supports leading theories of plate tectonics.
This study helps build an overall picture of the fault system in New Zealand and brings us one step further towards
a more complete knowledge which may one day help us to predict and prepare for earthquakes in the future.
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Harre, Thomas David Andrew. "Human Trafficking For Forced Labour At Sea: An Assessment Of New Zealand's Response." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Law, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8377.
Full textAbstract:
The fishing industry is worth approximately $1.4 billion annually to the New Zealand economy, making seafood New Zealand's fifth largest export earner, and giving the industry as a whole a position of high importance to New Zealand. All is not well however. Recent events have exposed a sordid underside to this industry involving the abuse of labour of foreign fishermen at the hands of Korean boat owners, chartered by New Zealand companies to fish New Zealand waters.
Since the introduction of the quota management system in the 1980s, the New Zealand fishing industry has had problems relating to the exploitation of migrant workers. In some instances, this exploitation appears to be manifested in the form of human trafficking. Adopting a socio-legal methodology, this thesis examines the facts that support claims of human trafficking of economically vulnerable fishers from countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines into New Zealand, where they are required to work in exploitative conditions upon foreign charter vessels in New Zealand's exclusive economic zone.
Having established the argument for the existence of human trafficking in New Zealand's territory (a claim which has been consistently downplayed or denied by government officials) this thesis then examines the evolving nature of the legal obligations that have been placed upon the New Zealand government by international law.
Combining these international obligations with standards of best practice that have been derived from an examination of three other jurisdictions - Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America - into a set of benchmark criteria, this thesis concludes with a critical assessment of the New Zealand anti-trafficking framework by these standards.
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Lumantarna, Ronald. "Material Characterisation of New Zealand's Clay Brick Unreinforced Masonry Buildings." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/18879.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis reports the investigation on the material properties of New Zealand's heritage clay brick unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings. The primary focus of this doctoral investigation was to establish a methodology to determine the material properties of existing New Zealand URM buildings. Although researchers from Europe, USA, India and Australia have previously studied the material properties of clay brick unreinforced masonry, knowledge on New Zealand URM material properties was poor at the time the study commenced. Therefore, a research programme that primarily focused on the testing of samples extracted from existing New Zealand URM buildings was undertaken. Vintage clay bricks and irregular mortar samples were extracted from existing New Zealand URM buildings, and were subjected to a series of non-destructive tests before being tested in compression. The relationships between the non-destructive test results and the clay brick and mortar compressive strengths were studied, and non-destructive testing techniques that were most suitable for estimating clay brick and mortar compressive strengths in-situ were proposed. Also, a methodology for the compression testing of irregular mortar samples that are extracted from existing URM buildings and a technique to normalise the irregular mortar compression test results were developed. The compressive strength and compressive stiffness of masonry were studied using masonry prisms that were both extracted from existing buildings and were constructed in the laboratory. Empirical relationships relating the brick unit, mortar and masonry compressive strengths as well as relating the masonry compressive strength to the masonry Modulus of Elasticity were derived. Also, numerical models for the compression stress-strain relationship of masonry were proposed. The flexural bond strength and shear bond strength of masonry were studied using field extracted and laboratory constructed masonry prisms. Empirical relationships relating the mortar compressive strength to the flexural bond strength and to the bed joint cohesion were derived. Finally, a procedure to assess the material properties of existing New Zealand URM buildings was recommended.
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Miller, Raymond 1953. "Social Credit, an analysis of New Zealand’s perennial third party." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2437.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this thesis is to provide a history and political analysis of the organisation, policies, membership and leadership of the Social Credit party between 1953 and 1986. The introductory chapter describes the methodology and reviews the literature on third parties in general and Social Credit in particular. Chapter Two provides a prelude to the formation of the Social Credit Political League in 1953. It traces the movement's decline as an education and pressure group under the first Labour Government. Chapter Three examines the debate surrounding the decision t o engage in direct political action and describes the process by which the Political League was formed. Chapter Four considers the reasons for and the findings of the Royal Commission on Monetary, Banking and Credit Systems (1956) and accounts for the growing internal debate culminating in the removal of Mr Wilfrid Owen as Leader in 1959. In Chapter Five the impact on the party of Mr Vernon Cracknell's victory in Hobson in 1966 is considered, along with an assessment of his role in Parliament as the sole third party representative. The reasons for his defeat at the 1969 general election and replacement as Leader some six months later are investigated, and Chapter Six is devoted to the brief but stormy experiment with Mr John O'Brien as Leader, followed by his split from the League in 1972 and the formation of the New Democrat Party. The early Beetham years, including attempts to revise the party's monetary reform dogma, broaden the scope of its message, and to give it a more professional organisation are considered in Chapter Seven. I n Chapter Eight the reasons for and the internal consequences of the party's rapid rise in popularity from early 1978 and its decline after March 1981 are analysed. The chapter ends with an account of Mr Beetham's defeat as Leader in 1986. The thesis concludes that Social Credit's history as an electoral organisation has been conspicuously cyclical, that its progress has been regulated largely by the electoral performances of the two major parties and by the presence or absence of minor party competition, that its leadership has been distinctly oligarchic, and that Social Credit has not been one, but several different parties. Why has the party not been more successful? And why has it lasted so long? These questions are addressed in the final chapter.
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Walshe, Kim A. R. "The fisheries' trinity : re-conceptualising New Zealand's inshore fisheries management /." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5657.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is the culmination of 35 years of fisheries management experience shaped by reflections and academic study. While New Zealand is often positioned as an acclaimed success with the development and application of the Quota Management System, this thesis outlines some of the serious flaws that underpin current trajectories. Tensions have been created by the Ministry of Fisheries focusing almost exclusively on developing solutions for New Zealand's fisheries policy and management problems through the commercial sector management regime. The 'command and control' management approach sits uneasily with the 'rights-based' management regime in the commercial fishery and the common property resource management regime in the customary Maori fishery.This study attempts to identify how the management of New Zealand inshore fisheries could be improved by using an integrated approach - a trinity of fisheries (institutions, rights, and governance) to manage all three sectors (commercial, recreational and customary Maori). The international literature provides a narrow view of fisheries policy and management in New Zealand and the discussion is strongly oriented around a limited range of issues - particularly commercial fisheries and a 'rights-based' approach. Drawing on a depth of experience in both central policy development and fisheries management (particularly in the Auckland Fisheries Management Area), four arguments are identified: Firstly, that New Zealand's fisheries management policies for both commercial and non-commercial fisheries management have been largely based on the commercial fishery. Secondly, that the international literature is heavily skewed towards issues and events in the commercial fishery without adequate recognition of the non-commercial (customary Maori and recreational) fisheries. Thirdly, that the three fisheries in the inshore waters cannot be managed effectively unless the management of all sectors is integrated under a common policy and management framework. And finally, that the 'rights-based' focus is faltering because of inadequate and inappropriate institutions and governance. The trajectories of the three inshore wild harvest sectors (commercial, recreational, and customary Maori) are explored, with a particular interest on how they influence and impact on each other. The primary focus of the analysis is the role that institutions, rights and governance play on the management and development of the three sectors. The thesis concludes with a chapter on the current positioning of institutions, rights, and governance within a three-sector trajectory and suggests tentative principles which could be used in New Zealand's inshore wild stock fisheries to build an integrated policy and management. It concludes that New Zealand's inshore fishery requires a re-conceptualisation to a governance approach, based on ecosystem management. A common management approach across all sectors of fisheries can be achieved by incorporating a wider institutional framework than a rights-based approach and moving beyond a focus on harvesting alone.
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Bowsher, Julia Hadfield. "Intraspecific genetic variation in New Zealand's endemic frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6950.
Full textAbstract:
New Zealand's endemic frog species, Leiopelma hochstetteri, is a good model for studying the effects of population fragmentation on patterns of genetic diversity. L. hochstetteri inhabits streambeds that are becoming increasingly isolated due to urban and agricultural development. The potential for autosomal divergence between populations of L. hochstetteri is already apparent from the great extent of cytogenetic diversity within the species. Different populations exhibit variable numbers of B-chromosomes, ranging from none in some populations to as many as fifteen. Past studies on B-chromosomes in other taxa have indicated these karyological elements can affect gene flow between populations, resulting in genetic isolation and differentiation.
This study investigated sequence variation in 600 bps of the mtDNA gene cytochrome b to determine the phylogenetic relationships between 17 populations of L. hochstetteri. The phylogeny and population structure was investigated using different methods: phylogenetic reconstruction, a minimum spanning network, and analysis of molecular variance. The sequence variation between L. hochstetteri and the outgroup, L. archeyi, was exceptionally high (20%) for a sister species. L. hochstetteri was found to be highly structured at the population level (64%, Φ = 0.740, p = 0.001) suggesting little or no gene flow between geographically close populations. Phylogenetic relationships above the population level were ambiguous.
The presence or absence of B-chromosomes appears to have no, affect on population structure in L. hochstetteri. The molecular phylogeny indicacates B-chromosomes arose multiple times in L. hochstetteri, and that B-chromosomes evolved earlier than previously thought. Finally, in consideration of this new evidence on the phylogeny and karyology of L. hochstetteri, recommendations are made concerning the prioritisation of populations for conservation.
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Stringer, Christina A. "New Zealand's Relations With Northeast Asia: Links and Interactions Under Globalisation." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1642.
Full textAbstract:
In the mid-1980s New Zealand embarked on a path of radical economic reform. The changes that occurred and are still occurring in New Zealand are in part, of external origin and came about from an opening of the domestic economy to wider forces thereby re-incorporating New Zealand into the global economy. Le Heron and Pawson (1996) propose that in the 1990s, economic globalization – the process of integration, deepening and differentiation of economic activities throughout the world -- has lead to new links and interactions. In seeking to identify the external and internal forces leading to the development of new links and interactions between New Zealand and Northeast Asia (Japan, Taiwan and Korea), analysis is made of changes occurring within investment, production and trade connections. This thesis is informed by two bodies of literature: the world systems literature stresses the development of inter-country relationships in an historical context, and political economy literature links resource regimes to periods of capitalist accumulation. In order to remain active participants in the global economy New Zealand entreprises and industries are pursuing strategies of linking into the Northeast Asian economies. Two key economic sectors, agro-food and forestry, have been chosen for investigation in order to examine changes as New Zealand industries, enterprises and local regions seek to achieve greater integration into the Northeast Asian region. A re-articulation of production is occurring as New Zealand's agro-food sector is incorporated into a Northeast Asian food import complex. Changing patterns of production and consumption are examined within the context of the food regime perspective. While new opportunities are increasing for New Zealand agro-food exporters, trade still reflects New Zealand's traditional export base of first and second food regime products from the beef and dairy sectors. The expansion of a fresh fruit and vegetable complex represents an emerging third regime. Since the mid-1980s the New Zealand forestry sector has become increasingly integrated into a national complex centered upon Japan. The dismantling of the national regulatory regime introduced a number of foreign investors and subsequently led to the reorganisation of trade and production networks. Prior to this time, forestry exports to Northeast Asia were inconsistent, comprising mostly logs and low value products with processing occurring in Japan. While unprocessed exports remain a significant composition of forestry trade there is a move away from low value products into more end-use-application specific production. This is accompanied by a shift in production facilities and an increase of economic surplus in New Zealand. Land based industries in the Hawkes Bay provide examples of local adaptations of production to agro-food and forestry complexes centred upon Northeast Asia. Integration into these complexes has facilitated access to new markets and resulted in increasing degrees of added value. This has only been possible in the context of the gradual relaxation of regulatory regimes that has occurred over the past two decades. In some cases, integration is an outcome of Northeast Asian ownership of New Zealand based nodes along the commodity chain. In others, it is an outcome of New Zealand actors producing to meet 'site of consumption' demand. In spite of New Zealand's adjustments to globalisation, it essentially remains a semi-peripheral production site.
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Harrill, Hunter. "Improving Cable Logging Operations for New Zealand’s Steep Terrain Forest Plantations." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9923.
Full textAbstract:
Cable logging will become more important as harvesting shifts to greater annual proportions on steep terrain in New Zealand. The costs of cable logging are considerably higher than that of conventional ground-based methods. Improving cost-effectiveness has been identified as key to ensuring the forestry industry remains cost competitive in the international market. This thesis focuses on ways to better understand and improve cable logging methods by specifically focusing on rigging configurations. The investigation was conducted through a comprehensive literature review, an industry survey to establish current use and preferences, a Delphi survey with experts to establish actual advantages and disadvantages, scale model testing to establish some fundamental knowledge of tension to deflection relationship, and finally a series of targeted case studies to establish both productivity and skyline tension in actual operations. Each of these aspects of the research topic employed different methodology.
The literature review highlighted the most relevant research relating to cable logging world-wide spanning nearly a century. Various research papers, manuals, books and computer software were summarized. While many aspects of cable yarding operations have been investigated, much of it focusing on various aspects of operational efficiency through case studies, there is very limited information with regard to rigging configurations. The survey of 50 cable logging practitioners determined what rigging configurations were commonly used in New Zealand. It includes their perceived advantages and disadvantages for varying levels of deflection, but also for specific scenarios such as pulling away from native forest boundaries and flying logs over a stream. Results showed that there were many conflicting perceptions about rigging configuration options.
Using an expert panel, a Delphi process was used to derive consensus on what advantages were truly unique to each configuration. This allowed the longer lists of perceived advantages from the industry survey to be pared down to a concise list of ad/disadvantages that will be used in the updating of the Best Practice Guidelines for Cable Logging.
To increase our fundamental understanding of tension / payload / deflection relationships, an experiment was conducted in a controlled environment. Using a model yarder in a lab and continuous tension and video recording devices, the dynamic skyline behavior of three similar configurations were tested: North Bend, South Bend and Block in the Bight. The tensions were compared by use of a two-way analysis of variance, which indicated configuration and choker length were significant variables in some but not all of the dynamic load tests. Results also showed that some configurations performed better than others in minimizing the shock loads due to dropping into full suspension, impact with ground objects, and breakout during bridling.
Finally, a series of eight studies were conducted on targeted logging operations where relevant stand and terrain parameters were related to the continuous skyline tension monitoring, and recording of productivity through time study. The three targeted configurations included (1) North Bend, (2) Standing skyline using a motorized slack-pulling carriage and (3) a live skyline using a motorized grapple carriage.
Results showed that peak and average tensions, as well as amplification factors and the payload to tension relationship, varied between configurations. The study also showed that tensions could be collected to compute measures of payload and tension efficiency, which provided insight into operational performance. The safe working load was exceeded in 53% of all cycles studied and across seven of eight study sites and 14 of 16 spans. Cycle times were significantly different between rigging configurations and that production information could be used to compute measures of labor and energy consumption as well as payload and tension efficiency; which also provide insight into operational performance.
The industry should give serious consideration to the use of tension monitors. Tension monitors have many benefits and have the potential to improve cable logging operations in New Zealand. Monitoring tensions can help one learn new techniques or methods (i.e. rigging configurations), help improve payload analysis software for future planning and help evaluate new technology and machinery.
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Tane, Helen Rose, and n/a. "The role of the dental therapist in New Zealand's public health system." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070507.114703.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines aspects of how dental therapy began and developed, since it was introduced as one of the first public health occupations in New Zealand, in 1921. Dental therapy began as dental nursing, and was introduced by visionary dentists in order to treat widespread dental disease within the New Zealand population. The occupation gained international recognition. Dental nurses performed their tasks under the direct supervision and direction of a public health dentist and the occupation was restricted to females and child-patients.
Investigating issues that have influenced the development of dental therapy is critical in today�s climate. Background research in the thesis reveals an interplay of issues relating to gender, professional development and measures of how successful the occupation has been in relation to oral health need. The latter is particularly questionable for our indigenous people in New Zealand. How has the role of the dental therapist in New Zealand been utilised? Has the delivery of care been based on sound knowledge and dental need? Has the role progressed in order to provide effective and appropriate care within a publicly funded system? These issues are important issues, particularly when New Zealand�s dental therapy profession becomes one of the many health professions that will be affected by the new Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act when it is implented over the following year.
In order to improve oral health for the population, it is vital that the dental therapist is appropriately and effectively utilised. How oral health workers perceive the past role and future role in achieving oral health gain is investigated in this study by using interviews and postal surveys, and the results are discussed.
The findings show that the dental therapist has not always been utilised and developed using sound epidemiological evidence. Elements of professional protection by the dental profession coupled with depleted health funding rather than dental need have appeared as driving factors. Furthermore, the dental therapy profession has remained in a sub-ordinate role to the dental profession. The findings of this study show that a large number of the current dental therapy workforce do not feel that they are ready to provide dental care autonomously.
Information in the thesis argues that past legislation and subordination to the dental profession has largely affected the development of dental therapy, and whether this has always assisted in improving oral health for the New Zealand population is questioned in this work. With a depleted number in the workforce, the role has become focussed on a reparative form of care, not one that promotes and improves oral health. This is not acceptable in a publicly funded system.
Implementing changes to the dental therapy role must be undertaken, but undertaken with caution and based on progressive health-promoting ideology.
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Delmiglio, Catia. "The incidence and phylogenetic analysis of viruses infecting New Zealand's native grasses." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3364.
Full textAbstract:
Grasses form the basis for the meat, dairy, wool and deer industries, which contribute to nearly 50% of New Zealand exports, and are also an important component of natural ecosystems. Worldwide >100 plant viruses infect grass species and even mild and symptomless infections can adversely effect plant populations through reduced reproductive rates and greater susceptibility to environmental extremes. The only previously published study on viruses in New Zealand’s natural grasslands found that cereal viruses have invaded the native grass flora of the South Island. This research provided an extensive survey of New Zealand native grasses, showing that barley yellow dwarf virus diseases (BYDV, Luteoviridae) and Cocksfoot mottle virus (CoMV, Sobemovirus) are widespread in the North and South islands of New Zealand. Significant findings include seven new virus hosts amongst the New Zealand native flora, the first report of BYDV-PAS in New Zealand, detection in Hierochloe redolens of a novel virus in the Luteoviridae family (proposed name BYDV-To), and in Festuca novae-zelandiae a novel dsRNA virus possibly belonging to the Partitiviridae family. New virus host reports in New Zealand include CoMV in Poa anceps, P. cita, F. novae-zelandiae, and Chionochloa rubra; BYDV-PAV and BYDV-PAS in Microlaena stipoides and Dichelacne crinita; BYDV-MAV in P. cita, F. novae-zelandiae and H. redolens; and CYDV-RPV in P. cita and M. stipoides. Molecular techniques for virus detection and identification were developed or improved during this study. Phylogenetic analyses of viral coat protein sequences from native and exotic grass species indicate either frequent or recent virus movement into native ecosystems, and multiple virus introduction events in New Zealand. The likely origins of the virus species are discussed. Two CoMV variants were identified, one of which caused severe necrosis in susceptible cocksfoot cultivars. Reciprocal aphid transmission of BYDV-PAV using cereals and native grasses showed that although transmission to natives was low, the efficiency of transmission from natives to cereals was comparable to that between cereal species, suggesting virus adaptation to the cereal host species. The findings from this study are discussed in respect to disease management and bio-security in New Zealand, and recommendations are made for future research.Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.
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Schneiderheinze, Jenny. "Photoinhibition under drought and high light loads in New Zealand's divaricate shrubs." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1287.
Full textAbstract:
A question that has plagued New Zealand botanists for many years is the occurrence of the divaricate growth form in several different plant families, and what selection pressure could have led to such parallel evolution. One prominent theory is that the divaricate habit is an adaptation to climatic extremes. This study aims to test if the 'self-shading' growth form of divaricates protects their internal leaves from photoinhibition under physiological drought and high irradiance. By being able to forego the costs of maintaining photoprotective mechanisms, they should have greater carbon gain than their non-divaricate congeners under these conditions. To test if divaricates are protected from the detrimental effects of photoinhibition, the water potentials, pigment and vitamin E concentrations, and photosynthetic rates of two divaricates species in their natural habitat were measured. Additionally, these parameters were recorded for the same divaricate species and their non-divaricate congeners under glasshouse conditions. In the field there were clear differences in several key parameters between divaricates under different levels of irradiance and water availability, and in most cases there was clear evidence of photoinbition. In the glasshouse, the maximum photosynthetic rates were significantly higher in divaricate leaves than in non-divaricate leaves, but there were no clear differences in the avoidance of photoinhibition between divaricates and non-divaricates. Interestingly, more pronounced responses to the different treatments were observed between genera than between the growth forms in the field and glasshouse experiments. The presence of photoinhibition and photoprotective mechanisms in divaricate leaves does not support the theory that the divaricate habit evolved as a physiological response to extreme climate conditions. The absence of a strong difference in the amount of photoinhibition between divariacte and non-divaricate congeners mean that high irradiance and drought stress are unlikely to have been a key factor in the evolution of the divaricate habit. That the within genus physiologies are more similar than within the growth forms would indicate that the divaricate habit possibly evolved after the evolution of the physiological responses of the genera.
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Doherty, Angela Louise. "Blue-sky eruptions, do they exist? : implications for monitoring New Zealand's volcanoes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2855.
Full textAbstract:
The term “blue-sky eruption” (BSE) can be used to describe eruptions which are unexpected or have no detected precursory activity. Case study analyses indicate that they have a diverse range of characteristics and magnitudes, providing both direct and indirect hazards and occur in both under-developed and developed countries. BSEs can be a result of physical triggers (e.g. the lack of physically detectable precursors or a lack of understanding of the eruption model of the volcano), social triggers (such as an inadequate monitoring network), or a combination of the two. As the science of eruption forecasting is still relatively young, and the variations between individual volcanoes and individual eruptions are so great, there is no effective general model and none should be applied in the absence of a site-specific model. Similarly, as methods vary between monitoring agencies, there are no monitoring benchmarks for effective BSE forecasting. However a combination of seismic and gas emission monitoring may be the most effective. The United States began a hazard and monitoring review of their volcanoes in 2005. While the general principles of their review would be beneficial in a monitoring review of New Zealand’s volcanoes, differences in styles of volcanism, geographic setting and activity levels mean changes would need to be review to fully appreciate the risk posed by New Zealand’s volcanoes. Similarly, the monitoring benchmarks provided in the U.S. review may not be fully applicable in New Zealand. While advances in technology may ultimately allow the effective forecasting of some BSEs, the immediate threat posed by unexpected eruptions means that effective management and mitigation measures may be the only tools currently at our disposal to reduce the risks from BSEs.
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Bailey, Rochelle-lee. "Unfree Labour?: Ni-Vanuatu Workers in New Zealand's Recognised Seasonal Employer Scheme." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2957.
Full textAbstract:
Industry growth and the reduction of available seasonal labour in New Zealand’s horticulture and viticulture industries led to a collaboration with the government in 2005, and the formation of a seasonal labour strategy for the future, the Recognised Seasonal Employer Scheme (RSE) was launched in 2007. The objectives of this policy were twofold: to fill labour gaps of the horticulture and viticulture industries and to promote economic development in Pacific Island states by prioritising workers from the region. Different actors have different aims, and different measure for success. In order for this scheme to be successful for the New Zealand government it needs to meet theses policy objectives of supplying reliable labour to the industries, and increasing economic development in the Pacific. For Pacific island states success depends on the continuity of the scheme, and the remittances that workers will send home to aid economic development. For the industries success comes from having a dependable and controllable labour force. Success for the workers in the scheme relies on them making as much money as possible during the season to meet their goals of financing family and community needs. In order to achieve these various successes workers are made unfree. Unfreedom means that the workers have no freedom in the labour market and are restricted to working for the grower stipulated in the employment contract. Conditions of employment contracts, visa regulations and informal pressures to be ‘good’ men both at work and in free time from the Vanuatu government, men’s home communities and industry participants all work to limit the men’s freedom, which is entrenched largely through threats of being sent home or blacklisted from the scheme. Workers are aware of the mechanisms used to control them and they do resist some of the conditions imposed, but only in a limited way that will not see them excluded from the scheme. Using the anthropological approach of participation observation this research was undertaken in the first season of the RSE scheme 2007/2008, where I lived and worked with 22 ni-Vanuatu migrant workers in Central Otago to gain knowledge of how, they and others in the industry experienced the RSE scheme.
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Newberry, Susan Margaret. "New Zealand's Public Sector Financial Management System: Financial Resource Erosion in Government Departments." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accountancy, Finance and Information Systems, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/862.
Full textAbstract:
New Zealand's public sector reforms have been hailed as a model of theoretical consistency and coherence. The associated financial management reforms, known internationally as new public financial management (NPFM), were world-leading although they are no longer unique. The underlying nature and intent of public sector reforms have been the subject of considerable debate internationally. Early public sector reforms openly sought privatisation, often on ideological grounds. However, in the face of gathering public opposition, public discussion of privatisation softened. NPM and NPFM have been promoted instead mainly on more pragmatic grounds such as improving public sector performance. In New Zealand, the Public Finance Act 1989 is the key legislation underpinning the financial management reforms. The Act delegates regulatory powers to the Treasury and, over time, a considerable body of secondary regulation, including accounting rules, has been developed. However, this secondary regulation, and its contribution to the success or otherwise of the public sector reforms, has not been examined in detail to date. In 1999, New Zealand s Controller and Auditor-General suggested that the financial management system erodes government departments resources and that somehow this resource erosion escapes parliamentary scrutiny. The Treasury, on the other hand, defended the foundations of the financial management system as solid, arguing that retention of the existing framework would allow further and faster progress towards improved performance and value-for-money than would be achieved by a new set of reforms. This debate prompts questions whether and, if so, how and why a financial management system, ostensibly implemented to improve the performance and accountability of the public sector, could be linked to such effects, and whether parliamentary scrutiny is indeed avoided. This thesis examines the secondary regulation and explains the development of the financial management system with the intention of answering those questions. The analysis undertaken in this thesis suggests that New Zealand's public sector financial management system fabricates the conditions under which privatisation initiatives might be accepted for pragmatic reasons. The erosion of departments financial resources is an essential mechanism in that fabrication process. As this system has developed, the time available for parliamentary scrutiny has reduced and the Controller and Auditor-General s controller function has been eroded, while the control and discretion exercised within the Treasury has increased. Arguably, these developments have helped to conceal the system s privatising intent. The thesis identifies features of the financial management system used to rationalise the financial resource-eroding processes. It also notes that if New Zealand's financial management system is no longer unique, then other NPFM systems may contain a similar combination of features.
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Day, Nicola J. "Two decades of vegetation change across tussock grasslands in New Zealand's South Island." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2008. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080304.145252/.
Full textAbstract:
New Zealand's South Island tussock grasslands have been highly modified by human activities, including burning, grazing and introductions of exotic plants for pastoralism. Studies suggest that tussock grasslands are degraded, in that native species have declined, and exotic species have increased in both diversity and abundance. These trends are primarily thought to be related to the impacts of grazing and subsequent grazing removal. Few studies have assessed long-term changes that have occurred in tussock grasslands, and those that have are generally limited to one particular location. This thesis aimed to investigate temporal changes in community structure in tussock grasslands, and relate these changes to environmental variables and land tenure. Data were used from 90 permanently-marked vegetation transects, which were set up on 19 geographically widespread properties in areas of tussock grassland across Canterbury and Otago in the South Island of New Zealand. The transects were on land in both conservation and pastoral tenure. Each transect was 100 m, and consisted of 50 0.25 m² quadrats. The transects were measured between 1982 and 1986 (first measurement), were re-measured between 1993 and 1999 (second measurement) and again between 2005 and 2006 (third measurement). A total of 347 vascular species were observed over the 90 transects and three measurement times. Species richness declined between the first and second measurements (first time interval), and increased between the second and third measurements (second time interval), at both the small (quadrat) and large (transect) scales. Both native and exotic species declined in mean quadrat species richness during the first time interval, and then increased during the second time interval. Changes in mean quadrat species richness were similar on transects in both conservation and pastoral tenure. Multivariate analysis of species' occurrences in quadrats identified a long gradient in species composition for these 90 transects. Four key plant communities were identifed along this gradient and differed in their mean elevation: (1) Highly-modified pastoral community, (2) Short-tussock grassland community, (3) Tall-tussock grassland community, (4) Alpine mat-forming species community. A detailed investigation into temporal changes that occurred on 53 transects that occurred in short- and tall-tussock grassland communities showed that changes in species composition were not consistent over time. Transects on different properties changed in species composition by different amounts. Specifically, in ordination space, transects on two properties changed in composition significantly more than transects on one other property. The property that a transect was on also affected the way that it changed in composition, i.e. native species were more likely to have increased on transects on some properties. Transects in conservation tenure did not change in species richness or composition differently from those in pastoral tenure. Considering that many native plants in tussock grasslands are relatively slow-growing, and that these areas have been grazed and burned for more than a century, we may expect it to be some time before we can detect differences in vegetation dynamics on conservation land from that on pastoral land. The changes in the community structure of these tussock grasslands were related to a combination of environmental factors, such as soil chemistry, climate, and management factors. This study has allowed greater understanding of vegetation change in tussock grasslands, and demonstrates the importance of long-term ecological monitoring in making reliable and accurate predictions about landscape-scale changes in tussock grassland community structure.
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Burford, Lyndon Raymond. "Principled Pragmatism: Non-Governmental Influence on New Zealand’s Nuclear Disarmament Advocacy 1995-2000." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2582.
Full textAbstract:
The 1987 New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act is arguably
the most comprehensive national ban on nuclear weapons in the world. It prohibits nuclear
weapons and nuclear powered vessels from the country’s land, sea and airspace, and has made
New Zealand a flag bearer for the international nuclear disarmament community. New
Zealand’s non-governmental movement played a decisive role in creating and maintaining the
nuclear free law. This is indicative of a recent transformation that has seen a much broader set
of actors influencing the course of international relations than was historically the case.
Furthermore, with its inherent rejection of power politics, nuclear freedom suggests that
international relations are more susceptible to influence from ideational concerns than was
traditionally thought possible.
This thesis assesses the influence of principled, non-governmental advocacy on New Zealand
nuclear disarmament policy from 1995-2000, focusing on the work of New Zealand-based
organisations and individuals. A process-tracing methodology is applied to determine the
pathways through which new understandings about nuclear disarmament were developed and
diffused both nationally and internationally. This allows for identification of the key sources
and transmitting agents of these ideas, thus controlling for potential sources of influence not
relevant to this study. Analysis reveals that despite diminished public attention during the
research period, non-governmental advocacy demonstrated a relatively high degree of
influence on New Zealand government policy, particularly via transnational initiatives. This
transnational non-governmental activity is also shown to have contributed tangibly to
international normative and political developments in nuclear disarmament.
The elimination of nuclear weapons is increasingly seen in international circles as an urgent,
feasible and desirable goal. Analysis of contemporary developments leads to the conclusion
that the only credible means of achieving this goal is to begin by outlawing nuclear weapons.
With its strong disarmament credentials and respected moral voice, New Zealand is well
placed to lead the exploration of a potential abolition framework. The expertise of New
Zealand’s nuclear disarmament movement in this realm, as demonstrated by its role in the
development and advocacy of the Model Nuclear Weapons Convention, indicates that the
government would benefit greatly from meaningful collaboration with the non-governmental
sector in this task.
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Colvin, Gina Maree. "The Soliloquy of Whiteness: Colonial Discourse and New Zealand's Settler Press 1839-1873." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3689.
Full textAbstract:
From 1839 to 1873 New Zealand was characterised by ideological, religious, economic cultural and social contest. This struggle to order a new society, in which colonists and indigenes were required to co-exist, is captured in the newspapers of the day. These document and attest to a contest over power; power to appropriate and control resources, power to administer, control and institutionalize the colony, and power to ascribe identities. Newspapers published during the initial period of colonization in New Zealand are saturated with instances of ideological work where discourses were deployed that supported the colonial endeavour. In this study therefore I have sought to understand and articulate those racial ideologies, racial formations, and discourses, which emerged from New Zealand’s colonial press archives. How did New Zealand’s colonial press constitute the privileges, entitlements and struggles of the white British colonist in relation to the native? What white British colonial ideologies, discursive formations and discourses can be identified in the colonial press in relation to the native? Are there any patterns or relationships between these discourses? What did these discourses look like over time? A critical discourse analytical approach has been applied to a body of texts extracted from newspapers published in New Zealand between 1839 and 1873. From this analysis three broad discursive formations have been apprehended; the discourses of sovereignty, discipline and paternalism respectively. These discourses were not independent of one another but worked to construct an interlocking network of discourse that provided sound ideological coverage. The discourse of sovereignty provided a broad platform for working out the colony’s ideological and institutional plan; discourses of discipline discursively managed native disruptions to the plan, while discourses of paternalism invested the colonial project with affectations of concern and interest in the progress of the native. Weaving through these discourses are patterns of meaning which worked to constitute white British colonial authority in economic, political, judicial, social, martial and moral affairs. These constitutive repertoires were malleable and adaptable and attached and detached themselves, according to the context, to and from the discourses of sovereignty, discipline and paternalism. Over time it appears that these discourses and the associated patterns of meaning worked responsively and flexibly, bleeding into each other, reconstituting authority and identity across different contexts. Furthermore, these discourses and patterns attest to a complex encounter with a vociferous non-white challenge, which necessitated a flexible reservoir of rhetoric to situate and position the white British colonial incursion favourably in the white settler public arena.
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Lichtenstein, Bronwen. "The iconography of Eve : Epidemiologic discourse in New Zealand's response to HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6753.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to explain the complex responses to HIV/AIDS in New Zealand. The discourses, themes and ideologies of previous epidemics are examined according to their impact on understandings about HIV/AIDS. This thesis argues that a significant outcome of such responses is the identification of 'Eve’, the sexual icon that recurs in popular discourse of epidemics like leprosy, syphilis and HIV/AIDS. The 'Eve’ icon is seen as representing the Garden of Eden view of woman; sexual woman, feminisation as a socio-sexual process, and specific women. Popular and public health responses are described in previous epidemics of leprosy, bubonic plague, syphilis and cholera. New Zealand's experience of the 1918 influenza epidemic and 1916-1962 poliomyelitis outbreaks, and the history of syphilis specifically, indicate how a deadly affliction like AIDS might be construed in the local context. In particular, the discourses associated with these prior and current diseases are linked, showing a commonality of themes related to victims, blame and sin.
Discourses about HIV/AIDS are examined with respect to the theories of Sander Gilman (iconography) and Michel Foucault (discursive power and sexuality). Three case studies involving major actors in New Zealand's response to HIV/AIDS (the media, parliament and community groups) link the organisations according to discourse and image-making. Local and overseas news items are examined for their iconogpraphic content in stories about AIDS icons, including New Zealand's Eve van Grafhorst. Discourse production is then analysed in parliamentary debates about HIV/AIDS, and in strategies of the New Zealand Prostitutes' Collective.
The thesis explores how iconography from prior epidemics that are particularly influential in the New Zealand context are evident in responses to and by gay men, sex-workers, and New Zealand's principal AIDS icon, Eve van Grafhorst. Discourses about syphilis and other epidemics expressed an ethic of blame directed toward marginalised individuals such as gay men, sex-workers and injecting drug users in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Paradoxically, this ethic of blame also led to the deification of Eve van Grafhorst. The media, parliament and community sector influences on image-making in New Zealand's AIDS context has led to icons being both victimised and served by discourses about AIDS.
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Pendly, Melissa Lin. "Assessment of New Zealand's Forest Codes of Practice for Erosion and Sediment Control." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7308.
Full textAbstract:
New Zealand’s forest industry operates under several codes of practice for erosion and sediment control. Inconsistency between regional forestry regulations led industry to lobby for the Proposed National Environmental Standard for Plantation Forestry (PNESPF). A national code of practice may also need to be introduced to give effect to the PNESPF. This dissertation focuses on what type of code of practice should be adopted, and under what conditions.
The conditions required for a code of practice to succeed in protecting the environment were identified. The ‘external’ social and legal conditions were identified through analysis of three case studies from the international primary sector, whilst the ‘internal’ conditions relating to the development, content and implementation of a code of practice were identified through review of literature. These ideal internal conditions formed the basis of the criteria used to assess New Zealand's codes.
Six of New Zealand’s forest codes of practice were classified by their type, the motivation for a corporation to comply with them, and enforcing agency. The internal conditions of these codes were then assessed to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the existing documents. Overall, the codes had well-defined objectives, good planning information and clear communication. The weaknesses included regulatory approach, comprehensiveness, foundation (particularly stakeholder involvement), monitoring information and review process.
The proposed national code of practice, if introduced, should be a prescriptive code. A prescriptive code is better than an outcome-based code because it is difficult to prove liability for sedimentation and erosion. Compliance with a prescriptive code should be like liability insurance, so that if a corporation is fully compliant with a prescriptive code of practice, it should not be held liable for adverse environmental impacts. This is a preliminary recommendation only, as the external conditions operating in New Zealand still need to be investigated.
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Ainsworth, Nathan James. "Strategy creation for Engineers Without Borders New Zealand’s Pacific Island engineering development projects." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7447.
Full textAbstract:
Engineers Without Borders New Zealand (EWBNZ) has recently reached a stage in its organisational growth where a new strategy is needed to ensure its future engineering development initiatives are more consistent with its guiding philosophy of delivering sustainable long term development projects. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the perceptions of the committee tasked with delivering projects revealed a preference for a strategy which enabled ‘placement’ type projects. To develop this strategy a qualitative analysis was conducted which focused on ascertaining what strategies and organisational structures are employed by comparable EWB organisations to deliver development projects. This process revealed EWB Australia to have a placement project process model which was deemed as the most acceptable to replicate. An implementation strategy and supporting set of recommendations were provided for this new placement project strategy. The most significant recommendation given to support this new strategy was to concentrate EWBNZ’s resources by prioritising projects in only two of the four countries EWBNZ currently operates. The countries deemed a strategic priority were Samoa and Tonga.
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Franklin, Craig E. "Physiological stress, smoltification and seawater adaptation in New Zealand's sockeye and quinnat salmon." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5937.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated smoltification and seawater adaptability of sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) and quinnat salmon (O. tshawytscha). Both species were introduced into New Zealand with an anadromous population of quinnat and a totally freshwater population of sockeye salmon becoming established. The sockeye were found to be capable of successfully adapting to sea water and appeared not to have lost their hypoosmoregulatory ability despite being landlocked for approximately 90 years.
The physiological changes associated with smoltification and seawater adaptation were studied and were viewed in part with reference to physiological stress.
Salmon exposed to a handling or temperature stressor showed an increase in plasma cortisol concentrations and depending on the severity of the stressor, a change in haematocrit and an osmotic imbalance could also result.
The physiological state of the salmon (pre-smoltified, smoltified, desmoltified) was assessed in a variety of ways and the reliability of the parameters measured related to the seawater adaptability of the salmon. Increased gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity provided the best indicator of smoltification. Plasma cortisol concentrations also increased in smoltifying salmon.
The seawater adaptability of the salmon was found to be dependent on both the degree of smoltification that had occurred in the salmon and on the temperature of the sea water. High seawater temperatures limited the ability of the salmon to successfully adapt. Rapid increases in plasma cortisol occurred when salmon were transferred directly to sea water, but returned to basal levels within 12 hours in the fish that successfully adapted. Plasma cortisol concentrations remained elevated in the salmon that failed to adapt to the sea water.
Morphological changes in the gills of sockeye salmon that successfully and unsuccessfully adapted to sea water were also investigated.
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Williams, Paul Harvey. "New Zealand's identity complex : a critique of cultural practices at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa /." Connect to thesis, 2003. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1542.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation critically analyses New Zealand’s National Museum Te Papa Tongarewa. Since it opened in 1998, Te Papa, arguably the world’s foremost exponent of the ‘new museology’, has been popularly and critically supported for its innovations in the areas of popular accessibility, bicultural history, and Maori-government management arrangements. As the first in-depth study of Te Papa, I examine and problematise these claims to exceptionality. In producing an analysis that locates the museum within cultural, political, economic and museological contexts, I examine how the museum’s particular institutional program develop, and point to limitations in its policy and practice.
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Pringle, Alistair. "New Worlds and Fresh Choices? Continuties and discontinuities in industrial relations practices in New Zealand's retail grocery supermarkets." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4849.
Full textAbstract:
A recurrent theme in recent industrial relations literature is that analysis should go beyond the study of institutions and systems. The analysis of industrial relations should also incorporate changes to political, ideological and economic environments, as well as the impact of new technologies and changing product markets. With the advent of the Employment Contracts Act in May
1991 this theme has gained greater currency within New
Zealand. The de-centralisation of bargaining, and the
emergence of employer-driven ways of organising the
employment relationship, have given rise to a growing
body of research into contemporary workplace "reform".
This research has documented a widening diversity in
industrial relations practices.
This study seeks to extend this research by documenting
this diversity, between different employers in the same
industry. The focus of the study is the retail grocery
industry. Utilising a longitudinal approach it examines
significant infrastructural and environmental
constituents of change and evaluates the different ways
in which these have been used by employers in reworking
the employment relationship in different enterprises and
workplaces.
The study is based on an extensive series of interviews
conducted between 1990 and 1995, complemented by
documentary material from industry, media and academic
sources. Those interviewed included a cross-section of
employers, managers and workers, as well as union
officials involved with the industry.
The findings disclose that the Employment Contracts Act
was not the primary cause of innovation and change in
this industry. Emerging patterns of workplace industrial
relations display elements of continuity as well as
change. Employer pursuit of greater workforce
flexibility, impelled by competition and changing
product markets, was formerly constrained by the
operation of an overarchlng industrial relations
framework. The removal of this framework, coupled with a
low level of worker organisation and resistance, has
legitimised former de-facto practices and set a new
agenda for union survival.