Academic literature on the topic 'New Zealand Trade Unions'

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Journal articles on the topic "New Zealand Trade Unions"

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Barry, Michael, and Pat Walsh. "State Intervention and Trade Unions in New Zealand." Labor Studies Journal 31, no. 4 (January 2007): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x0703100405.

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Barry, Michael, and Pat Walsh. "State Intervention and Trade Unions in New Zealand." Labor Studies Journal 31, no. 4 (2007): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lab.2006.0043.

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Abd Razak, Siti Suraya, and Nik Ahmad Kamal Nik Mahmod. "AN ANALYSIS OF THE GOOD FAITH BARGAINING PRACTICE IN THE TRADE UNION RECOGNITION PROCESS: REFORM OF THE MALAYSIAN TRADE UNION LEGAL FRAMEWORK." IIUM Law Journal 27, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 501–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumlj.v27i2.455.

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The trade union recognition process is a pre-requisite to the collective bargaining action of a trade union. The recognition is important to ascertain the competency of a trade union and the acceptance by the workers to represent them in the collective bargaining action with the employer. However, the ambiguities in the existing legislations on the trade union recognition process in Malaysia and the anti-union practices of the employer are currently depriving the workers of their rights to negotiate for better working conditions. The primary focus of the present work is to identify the weaknesses of the recognition legal framework and the anti-union practices of employers in the recognition process of trade unions. Secondly, is to critically analyse the good faith bargaining practice in other countries and its significance to the recognition process in Malaysia. To explore the anti-union tactics perpetrated by employers, semi-structured interviews have been conducted to analyse the trade unions’ experience in their recognition claims. This research employed a qualitative approach as the instrument to study the good faith bargaining practices in the Australian and New Zealand labour law framework. The findings reveal that the good faith bargaining practices in Australia and New Zealand have improved the odds for trade unions to represent the workers in negotiating collective agreements. The study finally concludes that in order to reform the recognition process of trade unions in Malaysia, the good faith bargaining practice should be implemented in the nation’s industrial relations law framework.
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Crawford, Aaron, and Raymond Harbridge. "Eternal legitimacy of New Zealand trade unions: An update." Journal of Labor Research 19, no. 4 (September 1998): 711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12122-998-1057-4.

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Oldham, Sam. "Intersections, Old and New." Counterfutures 1 (March 1, 2016): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v1i0.6443.

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Trade unions and worker cooperatives have always intersected. Worker and consumer cooperatives provided invaluable support to the early growth of trade unionism in Europe in the 19th century. Cooperatives have ebbed and flowed in their prevalence since that time. The current moment is, however, one of proliferation, with cooperatives once again forming innovative and mutually supportive relationships with trade unions. New challenges are driving these developments. The foremost of which is the record levels of carbon emissions fuelling global warming. In this article, it is shown that the intersection of cooperatives and unions can offer a powerful force in this struggle—a force capable of mobilising to defend the climate against unchecked capital. A brief general political history of cooperatives in the West is provided, followed by an appraisal of contemporary cooperative forms in the United States, Australia, and Aotearoa New Zealand.
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Caspersz, Donella. "Asian Working Women and Agency: Their Voices." Economic and Labour Relations Review 14, no. 1 (June 2003): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530460301400105.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges of organising women workers in Asia, and to discuss how trade unions can facilitate their more effective participation in these movements. The paper is primarily informed by research undertaken with Southern Initiative on Globalization and Trade Union Rights (SIGTUR). Formed in Perth, Western Australia in 1991 and made up of delegates from India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, the Philippines, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Brazil, the aim of SIGTUR is to promote collaborative activity by independent trade unions in the ‘South’ or rather countries within the Asia-Pacific. The paper highlights the effects of neo-liberalism on workers and develop appropriate international responses.
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Carter, Bob, and Rae Cooper. "The Organizing Model and the Management of Change." Relations industrielles 57, no. 4 (September 9, 2003): 712–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006907ar.

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Summary Trade unions in nearly all developed countries are facing major difficulties in maintaining membership levels and political influence. The U.S. labour movement has been increasingly attracted to an organizing model of trade unionism and, in turn, this response has caught the imagination of some sections of other Anglo-Saxon movements, most notably in Australia, New Zealand and Britain. Despite similarities in the problems that national union movements face, however, the histories and current experiences of trade unions in the various countries show marked differences. This article, based on extensive fieldwork in Britain and Australia, examines attempts to assess the importance of national contexts in the adoption of the organizing model through a comparative study of an Australian and a British union.
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Parker, Jane, and Julie Douglas. "Can Women’s Structures Help New Zealand and UK Trade Unions’ Revival?" Journal of Industrial Relations 52, no. 4 (September 2010): 439–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185610375508.

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Aikman, Colin. "New Zealand and the origins of of Universal Declaration." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 29, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v29i1.6052.

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Dr Aikman here provides a personal perspective on the New Zealand's role at the United Nations Conference on International Organisation, held at San Francisco in 1945, and at the time of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at the meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, held in Paris in 1948. Dr Aikman was adviser to the member of the New Zealand delegation who presented the New Zealand case at the Paris meeting of the UN General Assembly in September 1948. The author provides New Zealand's positions on economic and social rights, trade unions, and the right to petition. The author then discusses the adoption of the Declaration, and core conventions which were later adopted. The author concludes with a discussion on the legal status of the Declaration, as well as its Māori translation.
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Harbridge, Raymond, and Kevin Hince. "Bargaining and Worker Representation under New Zealand's Employment Contracts Legislation : A Review After Two Years." Articles 49, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 576–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050960ar.

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This paper examines the significant shift in the central philosophic and léegislative base of labour relations in New Zealand since the adoption of the Labour Relations Act in 1987 and the Employment Contracts Act in 1991. It reports two empirical studies. The first examines the collective bargaining System. The second study reports the structure and membership of trade unions in New Zealand in this new environment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "New Zealand Trade Unions"

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Chellew, Brittany. "How Effectively does New Zealand Export to the European Union? A Multidisciplinary Approach." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2679.

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For a small state such as New Zealand, trade and economic partnerships are extremely important for economic survival. However, the tyranny of distance complicates this somewhat. Historically, New Zealand has always been dependent on exporting agricultural products. There are examples in New Zealand’s history of innovative ideas being utilised to New Zealand’s economic advantage, such as the advent of refrigerated shipping to the United Kingdom. An important economic partner for New Zealand is the European Union. The European Union is the world’s largest trade power, a formidable partner for a small state, such as New Zealand, to contend with in trade related matters. The agricultural protectionist policies of the European Union are an issue for New Zealand to work around. However, the European Union is also a welcoming market for high quality products that New Zealand should supply. New Zealand’s small size means that the country has to focus on producing high quality products rather than mass production. This thesis proposes to make recommendations for the types of products New Zealand should export to the European Union, in what quantities, and by which methods. This is important for New Zealand producers and exporters to take into account if New Zealand is to expand its exports to the European Union.
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Murray, Nicky. "A history of apprenticeship in New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1599.

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This Master's thesis is a history of apprenticeship in New Zealand. Apprenticeship has traditionally been the main route for entry into the skilled trades. At one level apprenticeship is a way of training people to do a particular job. The apprentice acquires, in a variety of formal and informal ways, the skills necessary to carry out their trade. The skills involved with each trade, tied inextricably to the technology that is used, are seen as the 'property' of the tradesperson. Learning the technical aspects of the job, however, is only a part of what goes on during an apprenticeship. The apprentice is also socialised into the customs and practices of the trade, learning implicitly and explicitly the hierarchies within the workplace, and gaining an appreciation of the status of his or her trade. Apprenticeship must also be viewed in the wider context of the relationship between labour and capital. The use of apprenticeship as an exclusionary device has implications for both worker and employer. Definitions of skill, and the ways in which technological advances are negotiated, are both dependent on the social setting of the workplace, which is mediated by social arrangements such as apprenticeship. This thesis thus traces the development of apprenticeship policies over the years, and examines within a theoretical context the debate surrounding those policies. Several themes emerge including the inadequacy of the market to deliver sustained training, the tension between educators and employers, and the importance of a tripartite accord to support efficient and equitable training. Apprenticeship has proved to be a remarkably resilient system in New Zealand. This thesis identifies factors that have challenged this resilience, such as changes in work practices and technology, and the historically small wage differentials between skilled and unskilled work. It also identifies the characteristics that have encouraged the retention of apprenticeship, such as the small-scale nature of industry in New Zealand, and the latter's distinctive industrial relations system. It is argued that benefits to both employer and worker, and the strength of the socialisation process embodied in apprenticeship, will ensure that some form of apprenticeship remains a favoured means of training young people for many of the skilled trades.
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Nashiraliyev, Yeldos. "Economic integration in the Commonwealth of Independent States: perspectives, problems, solutions : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Policy at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1080.

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It has been 17 years since the Soviet Union broke up and its constituent countries gained their independence. In the beginning years the sovereignty was considered an indisputable priority, resulting in economic matters being put off. However, in the light of slow economic development in the area, it seemed to be imperative for these countries to pursue economic integration. Backed up by political will, several attempts had been made to establish various integration groupings, one of them being the Commonwealth of Independent States. The established organisation’s main aim was to assist countries in preserving the connecting links inherited from the former Soviet Union. Some of the countries in the region managed to achieve relatively high growth rates mainly due to their individual efforts. Unfortunately, so far, none out of a number of proposed integration projects has proven to be an effective and binding tool in the political and economic development of the region. This thesis aims to identify problems standing in the way of economic integration of the Commonwealth of Independent States. As of now, a free trade area – the initial form of economic integration – has not been established. Although trade ties between the member states function, the main export destination of these states is outside the Commonwealth. It is recommended that the initial steps in setting up a free trade area in this territory should begin with developing integration within regional associations, due to smaller numbers of participants and their common interests.
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Procházka, David. "Nové jevy ve vztazích EU a Austrálie - Nového Zélandu na začátku 3. tisíciletí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76815.

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The goal of the thesis "New phenomena in the relations between the EU and Australia New Zealand at the beginning of the third millennium" is to analyze mutual trade and economic relations in the context of new phenomena in regionalism, represented here mostly by bi-regionalism and trans-regionalism. The first part of the thesis characterizes economic positions of EU, Australia and New Zealand in the global economy and emphasizes their historical and societal ties. The second part of the thesis elaborates on the development of mutual relations between the EU Australia and EU New Zealand. In particular it sums up the process of deepening of their cooperation up to the current association of equal partners. This is illustrated by existing legal basis of the relations and the current trade exchange data. The focal point of the thesis is the possibility of further intensification of mutual cooperation, especially through conclusion of a preferential agreement that would remove remaining trade barriers between the EU and Australia New Zealand. In the context of the new phenomena in regionalism, any type of preferential agreement would have potential to foster their relationships as well as bring positive impact to process of multilateral liberalization. The issue of preferential agreement is therefore considered in the light of the steadily rising importance of the Asia-Pacific region. While Australia and New Zealand have concluded an agreement on a free trade zone with ASEAN, negotiations with the EU have been suspended. The thesis confirms one of its main hypothesis, marking their different approaches to agricultural policy as the main obstacle to concluding of a free trade agreement between the EU and Australia New Zealand. Based on the findings, the thesis concludes by outlining several scenarios of possible future development of mutual relations and their positive and negative aspects.
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Hrubý, Ondřej. "Zemědělská politika Nového Zélandu v porovnání se SZP EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-112675.

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Theses deals with agricultural policy of New Zealand in comparsion with the EU Common Agricultural Policy. Subject of examination is their impact on foreign trade in agricultural goods as well as impact on the farmers themselves. On the basis of the analysis of agricultural policies in New Zealand and the European Union is subsequently conducted an evaluation of both policies. The approaches in both territories are then comprehensively compared. In concclusion is outlined the possible future development.
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Parton, Benjamin John. "Organização sindical e condições de trabalho no setor de fast-food em São Paulo e na Nova Zelandia." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281649.

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Orientador: Andreia Galvão
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T21:21:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Parton_BenjaminJohn_M.pdf: 2832470 bytes, checksum: 672c6e2b3a06d165698eae9ffbf189cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O trabalho no segmento de fast-food, juntamente com os demais segmentos do setor de serviços, cresceu exponencialmente nos últimos 20 anos na Nova Zelândia e no Brasil. Sua forma de emprego é conhecida pela alta rotatividade e intensidade de trabalho; pelos baixos salários; pela juventude da sua mão de obra; e pela ausência de organização sindical. Diferentemente da tendência global, os trabalhadores de fast-food na Nova Zelândia e em São Paulo são representados por sindicatos que foram fundados após o início do processo de abertura econômica nos anos 1980 e 1990. Na Nova Zelândia, o sindicato Unite conseguiu formar uma base entre trabalhadores de fast-food que se filiaram a ele e pagam suas contribuições sindicais voluntariamente. As ações coletivas do sindicato buscam apoio público usando a notoriedade das marcas de fast-food para chamar atenção para sua causa. Desta forma, o sindicato pressionou as grandes empresas de fast-food, e exigiu que o governo aumentasse os mínimos legais que definem as condições de trabalho no setor. Já o Sindicato dos Trabalhadores nas Empresas de Refeições Rápidas (Fast-Food) de São Paulo foi estabelecido em 1996 através do desmembramento da base do sindicato de hotéis e restaurantes na cidade. O novo sindicato negociou uma Convenção Coletiva de Trabalho que baixou os salários e as condições de trabalho no setor para valores próximos aos mínimos legais, reduzindo assim os custos de trabalho das grandes marcas de fast-food na cidade. Palavras-chave: restaurantes de refeições ligeiras; trabalho; sindicalismo; mobilização
Abstract: Labor in the fast-food industry, along with other segments of the service sector, has grown exponentially over the last 20 years in New Zealand and in Brazil. Employment in the industry is characterized by: high staff turnover; an intense working environment; low pay; a young workforce; and the absence of trade union organization. Different to the norms in this globalized sector, fast-food workers in New Zealand and São Paulo are represented by unions established after the commencement of economic liberalization programs of the 1980s and 1990s. In New Zealand, the Unite union was able to establish a membership base amongst fast-food workers who joined the union and voluntarily paid membership fees. The collective actions of the union sought public support using the profile of fast-food brands to attract attention to their cause. In this way, the union pressured large fast-food companies, and demanded that the government raise the legal minimums that define working conditions in the sector. The Fast-Food Workers' Union of São Paulo was established in 1996 through dismembering the membership base of the hotel and restaurant workers union in the city. The new union negotiated an employment award for fast-food workers that lowered pay and working conditions to close to the legal minimums, thus reducing the labor costs of large fast-food brands in São Paulo. Keywords: fast-food restaurants; labor; trade-unionism; mobilization
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Mestre em Ciência Política
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Obel, Camilla. "Unions, Leagues and Franchises: The Social Organisation of Rugby Union in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/914.

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The thesis analyses the amateur game of rugby union by focussing upon the struggles for control between national and local unions and players. Using historical material and interviews with administrators, current players in the New Zealand national team, the All Blacks, and Canterbury, a local provincial union, I show how the game of rugby union consolidated as the national game. I follow these actors through the shift to a global professional game sponsored by television networks and show how the local advantages in the New Zealand game come to be reconfigured in this context.
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Gollan, Hugh. "The New Zealand dairy industry--international trade & industry structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13343.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1991.
Title as it appears in the June, 1991 M.I.T. Graduate List: International trade in dairy products and the New Zeland industry.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Hugh Gollan.
M.S.
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Chu, Shiou-Yen Ni Shawn. "Macroeconomic trade-offs in small open economies." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6887.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Shawn Ni. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kershaw, Matthew James. "The new politics of European trade unionism : the meaning of European industrial relations for British and German Trade Unions." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285361.

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Books on the topic "New Zealand Trade Unions"

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Peter, Thomas. United we stand: Trade unions in New Zealand. Auckland, N.Z: Longman Paul, 1986.

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Harbridge, Raymond. A sourcebook of New Zealand trade unions and employee organisations. Wellington, N.Z: Industrial Relations Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, 1994.

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Harbridge, Raymond J. A sourcebook of New Zealand trade unions and employee organisations. Wellington: Industrial Relations Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, 1994.

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Jagged seas: The New Zealand Seamen's Union 1879-2003. Christchurch, N.Z: Canterbury University Press, 2012.

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Words at work: An annotated bibliography of New Zealand trade union literature. Christchurch, N.Z: Canterbury University Press, 2006.

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Franks, Peter, and Melanie Nolan. Unions in common cause: The New Zealand Federation of Labour 1937-88. Wellington, N.Z: Steele Roberts, 2011.

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The Red Feds: Revolutionary industrial unionism and the New Zealand Federation of Labour, 1908-14. Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Franks, Peter. Print and politics: A history of trade unions in the New Zealand printing industry, 1865-1995. Wellington [N.Z.]: Victoria University Press, 2001.

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Oxenbridge, S. Trade union organising among low-wage service workers: Lessons from America and New Zealand. Cambridge: ESRC Centre for Business Research, University of Cambridge, 2000.

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Deeks, John. Labour relations in New Zealand. Auckland, New Zealand: Longman Paul, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "New Zealand Trade Unions"

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Brown, Henry Phelps. "Trade Unions." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–8. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1686-1.

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Brown, Henry Phelps. "Trade Unions." In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 13764–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1686.

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Metcalf, David. "Trade Unions." In The Labour Market Under New Labour, 170–87. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598454_12.

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Laski, Harold J. "Trade Unions and Democracy." In Trade Unions in the New Society, 145–82. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199427-4.

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Hanson, Charles G. "A New Style of Management." In Taming the Trade Unions, 160–67. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21319-1_18.

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Bodington, Stephen, Mike George, and John Michaelson. "New Functions for Trade Unions." In Developing the Socially Useful Economy, 221–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18155-1_13.

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Taylor, Andrew J. "The Politics of the New Working Class." In Trade Unions and Politics, 135–71. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20135-8_6.

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Hanson, Charles G. "The Open Shop and the New Trade Unionism." In Taming the Trade Unions, 155–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21319-1_17.

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Laski, Harold J. "Trade Unions and the Law." In Trade Unions in the New Society, 103–44. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199427-3.

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Laski, Harold J. "Trade Unions and the Public." In Trade Unions in the New Society, 49–102. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003199427-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "New Zealand Trade Unions"

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Hodorogea, Vasile, and Tulia Maria Căşvean. "Rethinking the Communication with the Unions Members in the New Context." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/29.

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Additional to the three main trends influencing social dialogue at the organizational level - de-centralization, up-scaling, de-institutionalization and representation – the COVID-19 pandemic rules brought a new influence that impacts the Unions, forcing it to adapt its internal communication. This paper is centred upon the way the Unions members in Romania get access to information in the new labour landscape, characterized by the work from home and physical distancing. The research focuses on a collective case-study of three strong Union Federations that developed internal communication with unions’ members that fits the pandemic context. The research focuses on the internal communication repertoire elements used by the Unions. The research method assesses the qualitative information gathered by interviewing key Unions representatives. The main areas of interest are the key topics addressed in the communication with the members, the tools and media mix used, the frequency of the formal communication with the trade unions members, the accountable and the responsible persons with the internal communication, and the management of the feedback from the members, all in the context of what is different vs. 2019. The conclusions are enriched with some recommendations for future development of communication with union members, supporting the social dialog.
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Manishkumar Patel, Kenil, and Shahid Ali. "A Study of Regression Testing for Trade me Website." In 9th International Conference of Security, Privacy and Trust Management (SPTM 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110505.

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Regression testing plays a critical role to verify the functionality testing of a product. Trade Me is New Zealand based website. It is one of the major websites in New Zealand dealing in buying and selling online. The aim of this research is to find out the functionalities of Trade Me website after injecting new features. Automation regression suite is used to execute test scripts which helped the company to save time and cost compared to manual testing. Automation regression test suite also helped to prioritize test cases are designed in such a way that it can maximize the fault detection. For research analysis scrum methodology is used to meet the ultimate desires of software development companies and to increase the client satisfaction.
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Evelin, Evelin, Firman Rosjadi, and Aluisius Hery Pratono. "Dispute Settlement on Trade-Restriction of the Horticultural and Animal Products (Case study of Indonesia, New Zealand, and USA)." In Proceedings of the Social and Humaniora Research Symposium (SoRes 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sores-18.2019.129.

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Savić Božić, Dijana. "Pravni osnov i kriterijumi za sticanje porekla robe." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.961sb.

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The origin of the goods shall be determined on exportation of the goods in order to exercise the right of exemption from customs duties on the goods in the country to which they are imported, provided that the country is a member of customs unions or those countries have a duty-free trade agreement. The aim of the paper is to explain in a concise and simple way the basic concepts in the field of rules of origin of goods, as well as the legal basis and criteria for acquiring the origin of goods. Preferential origin is granted to goods from certain countries when they comply with the rules of origin provided for in the relevant preferential arrangement. In this case, the goods could benefit from reduced duty or even duty free. It should be noted that not all products have a preferential origin. Non-preferential origin is obtained when the goods are "fully obtained" in one country or, when two or more countries are involved in the production of the product, the origin is obtained when the goods have undergone their last significant, economically viable processing or operation, in an enterprise equipped with this purpose, which leads to the production of a new product or represents an important stage of production. Each product necessarily has a non- preferential origin, which may be different from its preferential origin.
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Rudohradská, Simona, and Diana Treščáková. "PROPOSALS FOR THE DIGITAL MARKETS ACT AND DIGITAL SERVICES ACT: BROADER CONSIDERATIONS IN CONTEXT OF ONLINE PLATFORMS." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18317.

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Proposals for a Regulation on a Single Market For Digital Services (Digital Services Act) and Regulation on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector (Digital Markets Atc) of 15th of December, 2020 were long-avaited tools, through which, in the field of digital services, a higher degree of legal certainty for the consumer should be ensured and the functional responsibility regime of online platforms should be secured, in direct proportion. Submitted proposals preceded open public consultation of interested stakeholders, including the general public, academics, digital companies and other businesses, associations, civil society public authorities, and trade unions. The need to adopt adequate legislation in line with rapid technological development also stemmed from the fact that the E-commerce Directive was adopted in 2000 and has so far been considered as the main legal framework governing the issue of digital platforms, but it is also necessary to add that the regulation of online platforms has been mainly left to the Member States. As much of the activity has shifted to the online enviroment, digital platforms are playing an increasingly important role in our lives. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relevant provisions of the proposal in the context of competition rules and also in view of the increased use of online platforms due to the global crisis. The content of the article will also contain a brief comparison with the current legal situation with reference to the practical implications that await us with the adoption of the new legislation.
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Skjong, Rolf. "Formal Safety Assessment and Goal Based Regulations at IMO: Lessons Learned (Invited Lecture)." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67576.

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In the maritime industry the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the UN organization responsible for developing international safety and environmental protection regulations. IMO has now developed the second version of ‘Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) for use in the IMO rule making process’. The Guidelines are available as circulars both from the Marine Safety Committee (MSC) and the Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC). This standard is, as far as the author knows, the first risk assessment standard adopted in an UN organization. The work with developing this standard was initiated in 1995 at IMO based on an UK initiative. As there have been some attempts to develop internationally accepted risk assessment and risk management standards also in other industries, this paper tries to describe some of the experience and lessons learned from developing and implementing FSA at IMO. Paralleling the development of the guidelines there has been a number of applications of the guidelines, recently focusing on bulk carrier safety. Relevant studies have been carried out by UK, by Japan, by Norway and International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), and by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). These studies will be briefly reviewed with respect to methods used, assumptions made and conclusions drawn. The entire process from the initial terms of reference formulated by IMO to the final decisions is considered. The main conclusion is that the maritime industry has made a lot of progress, quite fast, in the use of risk assessment as part of the decision making process. This being the case, despite the many communication problems that arises in discussing risk issues in international forums. Furthermore, the FSA has helped balancing the often conflicting interest of the flag states and non-governmental organizations present in IMO. In 2004, a new initiative was taken on developing Goal Based Standards at IMO. This initiative was taken by Greece and Bahamas, and has now been debated at three meetings of MSC. The paper will also discuss the relationship between GBS and FSA based on the experience gained.
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Seaton, Simon, Thomas Jelley, and Daphné Carthy. "Improving Employee Wellbeing through a Five-Phase Psychological Model to Reduce Risk and Improve Performance." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204036-ms.

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Abstract In its latest US Oil & Gas workplace safety report, the American Petroleum Institute (API) noted that the industry's incidence rate has decreased by 41% since 2008 due to an increased focus on the industry-wide goal of zero incidents (American Petroleum Institute, 2020). However, there continues to be a significant number of serious incidents directly related to human behaviours rather than a lack of control or processes. In a high-risk environment such as Oil & Gas sites, onshore or offshore, it is imperative to have a healthy workforce - both physically and mentally - and there is a link between worker wellbeing, stress, overall performance, and safety attitudes. Many segments of the Oil & Gas industry require workers to leave home and family for extended periods, and this can have a significant impact on an employee's psychological wellbeing. This paper aims to inform individuals and organisations so they can better understand the effects of the experience of being away and increase the chances of maintaining their workers’ psychological wellbeing. A five-phase model - from preparing to leave home through to being back at home - has been developed in consultation with academics, trade unions, expert insight from oil and gas, military and education sector perspectives. This model offers a new and practical way to think about and manage potential adverse impacts on psychological wellbeing while away in order to reduce risk. It was first set out by Seaton and Jelley (2015) and additional research has since been completed with new data that demonstrates the impact of the five-phase model. The five-phase model has been tested among international students at universities in the UK (Smith, Smith and Jelley 2018) and in 2019 among foreign workers at an on-shore location in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Consistent with findings in the university context, the results of the latest field research suggest that greater use of strategies to cope with working away from home is associated with (a) greater positive wellbeing (happiness, life satisfaction) in life generally (b) a better quality of working life (c) more efficient operational performance.
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Henjo, John Ken. "Enhancing Professional Skills of Staff at Ituani VCT through the TVET Professional Development Toolkit for the Pacific." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.8802.

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Informal studies in Vanuatu indicate that ICT training is promoted but centralized in the urban areas (Port Vila and Luganville), with 70 % of the population coming from rural communities to the urban areas just to access the ICT services. ltuani Vocational Skills Centre (VSC) was established in 2015 to take ICT services and training to rural and remote communities, targeting orphans; girls and women; and people with disabilities. Ituani VCT is the first rural training centre to be registered under the Vanuatu Qualification Authority (VQA) to deliver accredited computer courses through outreach program to target rural schools and communities called ICT to schools and communities. // The major challenges experienced in the outreach programme is the travelling situations, since the provinces and islands are scattered in six different provinces, making it difficult and costly to travel by air, sea, and land due to the bad conditions of the roads and sea. To address these challenges, blended learning approaches was identified as key ensure that the rural communities access the digital skills. Given that the trainers at Ituani did not have relevant skills for blended learning, the TVET Professional Development Online Toolkit for the Pacific was used as a basis for upskilling the staff. The Toolkit was developed through collaboration between the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) and the Pacific Centre for Flexible and Open Learning for Development (PACFOLD) with funding from the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. // Project team was set up, project design workshop was held to develop a detailed project plan, relevant stakeholders were identified and included in project activities. The Toolkit was used to identify training gaps among trainers and develop strategies for upskilling the trainers. Baseline data was collected, five(5)trainers including three(3) males and two (2) females were upskilled with support from COL consultants, the trainers conducted training to fifthy (50) learners including thirty (30) women/girls and twenty (20) men/boys using the knowledge and skills acquired for blended learning, and endline data was gathered, and the Vanuatu VQA recognized skills acquired through the outreach programme.
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Muthu, Madhan, and Tony Mays. "Structured Access to Curated Open Educational Resources Aligned to National School Curricula: An Experiment in the Commonwealth Member States in the Pacific Region." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.7674.

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We have been witnessing a global experiment in delivering emergency remote teaching using distance learning, internet, web and related technologies, since the World Health Organization announced its assessment that ‘Covid-19 can be characterized as a pandemic’ on 11 March 2020. // The shift to digital has made more teachers and institutions realise the importance of structured access to open educational resources (OER) – learning materials having open licenses. However, availability of OER in a structured way alone, though important, may not increase the use and re-use by teachers and learners. Research evidence suggests that OER use is maximized when they are contextualised for local needs. A survey conducted by COL and the OER Foundation in 2020 highlighted the need for curated OER aligned to national and institutional curricula. // Since much before this unprecedented situation, the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) has been promoting the use of open and distance learning (ODL) to help build more resilient education systems. With a view to helping teachers and learners in the Commonwealth member states in the Pacific region have access to curated OER collections aligned to their national curriculum, COL and PACFOLD with the support of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, New Zealand created a platform using EPrints – open-source software developed by the University of Southampton. The platform hosts nationally-defined OER collections with the flexibility of having choices of access points based on the local curriculum taxonomy. At the same time, by defining individual OERs in the collections using structured metadata schema, the national level collections ensure metadata level interoperability. // This paper presents the preliminary findings from a pragmatic attempt to support engagement with OER in the Commonwealth member states in the Pacific region. It also provides insight into the underpinning principles and architecture of the platform, the choices of access points associated with the OER collections, and the metadata schema used to define the collections. The authors of this paper discuss how teachers in the region can use or adapt the OER in the collections in their teaching, and share OER developed by them with all possible users as they respond to the Covid-19 pandemic by moving to remote, blended and/or online teaching. The authors also present the case of the Ministry of Education in Fiji which has started using the platform to organise a collection based on its national curriculum framework.
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Reports on the topic "New Zealand Trade Unions"

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Bracke, Marc B. M., Herman M. Vermeer, and Rick A. van Emous. Animal welfare regulations and practices in 7 (potential) trade-agreement partners of the EU with a focus on laying hens, broilers and pigs : Mexico, Chile, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, Turkey and the Philippines. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/475497.

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Reyes Díaz, Carlos Humberto. Working Paper PUEAA No. 8. CPTPP. Legal Trends. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.006r.2022.

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Free trade areas (and customs unions) were established in a multilateral level since in Article XXIV of the GATT, and that is the legal minimum from which preferential trade agreements are now built. Some say CPTPP is part of a new generation of Free Trade Agreements because it goes deeper in the integration process. The CPTPP Agreement is a 584-page treaty, a very extensive legal instrument with 30 chapters, so when we talk about legal trends it refers to all 30 chapters at first. But it’s not the idea to explain every chapter in this text, not even just the dispute mechanisms, but the legal highlights that make the CPTPP an example of the new structure in international trade law. The CPTPP’s new chapters constitute the actual trade agenda and establish a minimum level of protection on topics not specially linked to trade, but which are now essential to talk about a new configuration of trade agreements, such as investments, intellectual property, e-commerce, among others
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