Dissertations / Theses: 'New Zealand State Homes'

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Peck, Mikaere Michelle S. "Summerhill school is it possible in Aotearoa ??????? New Zealand ???????: Challenging the neo-liberal ideologies in our hegemonic schooling system." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2794.

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The original purpose of this thesis is to explore the possibility of setting up a school in Aotearoa (New Zealand) that operates according to the principles and philosophies of Summerhill School in Suffolk, England. An examination of Summerhill School is therefore the purpose of this study, particularly because of its commitment to self-regulation and direct democracy for children. My argument within this study is that Summerhill presents precisely the type of model Māori as Tangata Whenua (Indigenous people of Aotearoa) need in our design of an alternative schooling programme, given that self-regulation and direct democracy are traits conducive to achieving Tino Rangitiratanga (Self-government, autonomy and control). In claiming this however, not only would Tangata Whenua benefit from this model of schooling; indeed it has the potential to serve the purpose of all people regardless of age race or gender. At present, no school in Aotearoa has replicated Summerhill's principles and philosophies in their entirety. Given the constraints of a Master's thesis, this piece of work is therefore only intended as a theoretical background study for a much larger kaupapa (purpose). It is my intention to produce a further and more comprehensive study in the future using Summerhill as a vehicle to initiate a model school in Aotearoa that is completely antithetical to the dominant neo-liberal philosophy of our age. To this end, my study intends to demonstrate how neo-liberal schooling is universally dictated by global money market trends, and how it is an ideology fueled by the indifferent acceptance of the general population. In other words, neo-liberal theory is a theory of capitalist colonisation. In order to address the long term vision, this project will be comprised of two major components. The first will be a study of the principal philosophies that govern Summerhill School. As I will argue, Summerhill creates an environment that is uniquely successful and fulfilling for the children who attend. At the same time, it will also be shown how it is a philosophy that is entirely contrary to a neo-liberal 3 mindset; an antidote, to a certain extent, to the ills of contemporary schooling. The second component will address the historical movement of schooling in Aotearoa since the Labour Party's landslide victory in 1984, and how the New Zealand Curriculum has been affected by these changes. I intend to trace the importation of neo-liberal methodologies into Aotearoa such as the 'Picot Taskforce,' 'Tomorrows Schools' and 'Bulk Funding,' to name but a few. The neo-liberal ideologies that have swept through this country in the last two decades have relentlessly metamorphosised departments into businesses and forced ministries into the marketplace, hence causing the 'ideological reduction of education' and confining it to the parameters of schooling. The purpose of this research project is to act as a catalyst for the ultimate materialization of an original vision; the implementation of a school like Summerhill in Aotearoa. A study of the neo-liberal ideologies that currently dominate this country is imperative in order to understand the current schooling situation in Aotearoa and create an informed comparison between the 'learning for freedom' style of Summerhill and the 'learning to earn' style of our status quo schools. It is my hope to strengthen the argument in favour of Summerhill philosophy by offering an understanding of the difference between the two completely opposing methods of learning.

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Tulloch, Tracy Catherine. "State regulation of sexuality in New Zealand 1880-1925." Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5653.

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This thesis examines the development of sex legislation in New Zealand between 1880 and 1925. It argues that legislative developments were largely shaped by patriarchal, feminist, social purity, secular and medical/scientific discourses. Chapter I examines the rise of the last four discourses and discusses the growth of the interventionist state. Analysis of changes to marriage laws in Chapters II (Divorce) and III (Incest and In-laws) reveal strong secularist and feminist influences. Secular, feminist and purity discourses converged on the question of equal grounds for divorce but diverged on the issue of further extension of the divorce law. Secularist discourse also intersected with medical/scientific discourse on divorce debates and debates over proposed changes to the prohibited degrees of marriage. The rise of the medical profession and medical/scientific discourse is a strong theme in Chapters IV (Censorship) and V (Prostitution and Venereal Disease). Strong links between purity and medical discourse are revealed in an analysis of New Zealand's censorship laws. However, major tensions between the discourses are apparent in debates over state regulation of prostitution and public health responses to venereal disease. Chapter VI (Sex, Youth and the State) explores the connections between late nineteenth-century childhood and feminist-purity discourses. Attempts to extend the age limits of childhood converged with feminist discourse to produce a major campaign for a higher age of consent for girls. However, feminists' desire to protect girls from men's sexual advances led to more rigorous attempts to control the behaviour of the girls themselves. The controlling and coercive tendencies of early-twentieth century feminism are further developed in Chapter VII (‘Degenerates', 'Perverts' and the State). Feminist discourse converged with medical/scientific discourse to produce a new focus upon the 'feeble-minded' female sexual degenerate. Chapter VII also explores the impact of medical/scientific discourses on male sexual deviance. The medicalisation of homosexuality and child sexual abuse led to a reassessment of the best means of controlling or reforming male sexual offenders. Ultimately it can be concluded that conflicting and converging discourses operating within a climate of major social, ideological and technological change transformed the state regulation of sexuality in New Zealand between 1880 and 1925.

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McGovern, Kerry. "Governance reform of New Zealand's state sector 1984-1994 : a case study /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19186.pdf.

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Kiata-Holland, Elizabeth. "‘All in a day’s work’ : the lifeworld of older people in New Zealand rest homes." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. https://researchspace.auckland.ac.nz/handle/2292/6098.

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This doctoral thesis contributes to critical gerontology research by investigating the lived experiences of residents in the everyday world of New Zealand rest homes. There is a need to understand how frail rest home residents experience "age". This study focuses on describing and understanding residents lived experiences. As the New Zealand population is ageing, this phenomenological focus adds clarity to the poorly understood lived experiences about being aged in rest homes. Policy initiatives such as the Positive Ageing Strategy with its emphasis on keeping older people living in the community largely ignore the life practices of the increasing proportions of frail older people who require long-term residential care. My mixed-methods modified framework approach draws on the lifeworld as understood by Max van Manen (1990) and Alfred Schütz (1972). The lifeworld is made up of thematic strands of lived experience: these being lived space, lived time, lived body and lived relations with others, which are both the source and object of phenomenological research (van Manen, 1990). These strands are temporarily unravelled and considered in-depth for 27 residents who took part in audio-recorded interviews, before being interwoven through a multiple-helix model, into an integrated interpretation of the residents‟ lifeworld. Supplementing and backgrounding the interviews with these residents, are descriptive data including written interview summaries and survey findings about the relationships and pastimes of 352 residents living in 21 rest homes, which are counted and described. The residents day-to-day use of rest home space, mediated temporal order, self-managed bodies and minds, and negotiated relationships are interpreted. The mythology of the misery of rest home life is challenged, and a more constructive critical gerontology approach is offered. Findings of this research reveal how meanings around daily work practices are constructed by the residents. These elders participate in daily rest home life, from the sidelines or not at all, as they choose or are able, and this always involves work for the residents. They continue to actively manage satisfactory and fulfilling pastimes and relationships, because in their ordinary, everyday lifeworld it is “all in a day‟s work”.

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Smith, Amanda Jane, and n/a. "Making cultural heritage policy in New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Political Studies, 1996. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070530.152110.

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This thesis examines how cultural heritage policies are developed in New Zealand. Cultural heritage symbolises the development of a society, illustrating past events and changing customs and values. Because of its significance, the government has accepted responsibility for protecting cultural heritage, and has developed a number of institutions and a variety of policies to address this responsibility. It is important to understand how the goverment uses these mechanisms to protect cultural heritage, and the subsequent relationships that have developed between actors in the cultural heritage area. These will have an impact on the effectiveness of the policy which is developed. Cultural heritage is treasured by society for a number of reasons, but as social attitudes change, so does the treatment of cultural heritage. It is re-defined, re-interpreted and used to promote a sense of pride in the commmunity. This manipulation extends to policy making. Since the 1980s, the government has influenced, and been influenced by, two major social changes. There has been an introduction of free market principles such as rationalisation, competition and fiscal responsibility into the New Zealand economy and political structure. These principles have been applied to cultural heritage and consequently cultural heritage is treated as a commodity. As the result of changing attitudes towards the treatment of the Maori and Maori resources, there has been a movement towards implementing biculturalism. This has meant a re-evaluation of how Maori taonga is treated, particularly of the ways Maori cultural heritage has been used to promote a sense of New Zealandness. There are several major actors involved in cultural heritage policy making - government, policy units, cultural heritage organisations and local authorities. Central government is the dominant force in the political process, with control over the distribution of resources and the responsibilities assigned to other actors. Because the use of market principles and movement towards biculturalism have been embraced at the central government level, other actors in the policy making process are also expected to adopt them. Policy units develop options to fit with the government�s general economic and political agenda. The structures adopted for the public service are designed to encompass market principles, particularly the efficient use of resources and competitiveness. While cultural heritage organisations may influence the government�s agenda through lobbying and information-sharing, they are limited by issues such as funding and statutory requirements. Government has shifted many responsibilities to the regions, but while territorial authorities are influenced by the concerns of their communities, they are also subject to directions from the government. The process and structures which have been outlined do not contribute to an effective policy making system. The use of market principles to direct cultural heritage protection tends to encourage uneven and inconsistent policies, both at national and local levels. The range of cultural heritage definitions used by government agencies also promotes inconsistency. Cultural heritage is encompassed in a large number of government departments and ministries, which makes the co-ordination funding by meeting required �outputs� and the government�s requirement of fiscal responsibility. This is not appropriate language for cultural heritage, which should not have to be rationalised as an economic good. Although the government has devolved a number of responsibilities and territorial authorities have a variety of mechanisms available to protect cultural heritage, there is no nation-wide criteria for territorial involvement. Because of regional differences there is an uneven treatment of cultural heritage. Those policies developed by territorial authorities will also be influenced by the government�s economic direction. Organisations supported by the Dunedin City Council, for example, must also provide budgets and strategic plans which fit with Council�s fiscal objectives.

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Yong, Benjamin. "Becoming national : contextualising the construction of the New Zealand nation-state." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2185/.

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Much legal literature on constitutional change in New Zealand presumes that the NZ state has been transformed from a dependent British colony into an independent, liberal nation-state. However, this nationalist narrative is a recent development, and is only one of three narratives of constitutional change, the other two being a 'Britannic' (or pan-British) narrative and a Maori narrative. All three suggest and justify a particular form of the NZ state. All three give an incomplete picture of NZ's constitutional history, separating 'law' from its various contexts. This thesis focuses mostly on the nationalist narrative, how it emerged and how the liberal nation-state became the only acceptable form for the NZ state to take. It attempts to provide a more nuanced approach to constitutional history. This is done by a broad examination of a number of subject areas: constitutional historiography, the economy, citizenship, NZ's relationship with the Privy Council, the Crown, and various constitutional developments (in particular, proposals for bills of rights) in the periods 1950-1970 and 1970-2005, and placing legal signposts in economic, historical and political context. Greater contextualisation suggests that asserting that the NZ nation-state is inevitable is a response to the fragility of NZ's present, brought on by the collapse of empire, the emergence of a community of nation-states, and domestic change. The emergence of the liberal constitutional nation-state in NZ is better seen as the contingent product of both various structures (international, British and domestic) and choices made by New Zealanders themselves. To treat this transformation as inevitable ignores that there were other alternatives possible. Moreover, it is wrong to see changes in NZ's constitutional arrangements as a shift from dependency to liberty: rather, there has been a reconfiguration of constraints and enablements.

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McGeorge, Colin. "Schools and socialisation in New Zealand 1890-1914." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Education, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/819.

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This is a detailed study of the values embodied in and transmitted by state primary schools in New Zealand between 1890 and 1914. After describing the creation of a network of primary schools and the means by which regular attendance was secured it describes the schools' role in fostering the conventional virtues and certain widely held social attitudes through the "hidden curriculum", through school discipline, and through teachers' example. The social and moral content of schoolwork is then analysed with particular attention to what was said about New Zealand itself and about Maoris and racial differences. A detailed examination is made of a number of attempts to enlist the schools in particular social and moral causes: religious education, temperance, the inculcation of patriotism, sex education, military training, "correct" speech, and secular moral instruction. The closing chapters consider the differential impact of schooling and credentialling on children from different social classes and on boys and girls. This study draws on a wide variety of sources and makes extensive use of a large collection of school texts of the period~ The values schools transmitted reflected a middle class consensus, not seriously challenged by workers. The content of schooling was chiefly contested by middle class groups seeking to purify and improve the existing social order. Middle class groups were ambivalent towards the emergence of a distinctive national identity, but the schools fostered, often as unintended consequences, certain aspects of national identity.

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Collins, Graham J., and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Principalship and policy in small New Zealand primary schools." Deakin University. School of Social And Cultural Studies in Education, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050826.120007.

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This research investigates the relationship between principalship and policy in small New Zealand primary schools. A distinctive feature of small primary schools is that their principals typically have to teach as well as manage. Overseas research indicates that in times of educational reform, teaching principals face particular difficulty and may need special support. Following the watershed educational reforms of 1989 and a decade of hands-off policy in education (1989-1999), central policy towards school support in New Zealand is now more hands-on. The impact of this policy change on small schools has not been researched hi New Zealand, where such schools make up over fifty percent of all primary schools. The aims of this study are to analyse the impact of current support policy in New Zealand on small primary school principalship, and to evaluate the extent to which policy adjustment might be needed in the future. Using multiple methods and a case study approach to gather data, the study focuses on small school principalship in one New Zealand region - the Central Districts region. It also considers the recent policy initiatives, their rationale and the extent to which they appear to be meeting the support needs reported by the principals whose work has been researched in the study. Broadly, the study has found that within small schools, the role-balance within a teaching principals work is a critical factor, as the ratio within the principals role-balance between the teaching role and the management role creates variation in work-demands, work-strategies and types of support needed. Teaching principals in New Zealand generally feel better supported now than they did in the 1990s and the study identifies factors associated with this change. However the analysis in this study suggests that the current policy aim to both rationalise and strengthen the small school network as a whole is rather problematic. Without better targeted support policy in this area, old style parochial and competitive attitudes between schools are unlikely to change in the future.

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Gamlen, Alan John. "The Emigration State System : New Zealand and its Diaspora in Comparative Context." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519771.

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Venter, Kinau. "Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity: the current state of ototoxicity monitoring in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5572.

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Background: Many well-known pharmacologic agents have been shown to have toxic effects to the cochleo-vestibular system. Examples of such ototoxic agents include cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics. Ototoxicity monitoring consists of a comprehensive pattern of audiological assessments designed to detect the onset of any hearing loss. Three main methods have emerged over the past decade, and include the basic audiological assessment, extended high frequency (EHF) audiometry, and otoacoustic emission (OAE) measurement. These measures can be used separately or in combination, depending on clinical purpose and patient considerations. It is suggested by the American Academy of Audiology Position Statement and Clinical Practice Guidelines: Ototoxicity Monitoring, that baseline testing be done in a fairly comprehensive manner, including pure-tone thresholds in both the conventional- and extended high frequency ranges, tympanometry, speech audiometry, and the testing of OAEs (AAA, 2009). Anecdotal evidence suggests that New Zealand Audiologists do not currently follow a national ototoxicity monitoring protocol. Therefore the main aim of this study was to explore the current status of ototoxicity monitoring within New Zealand. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that hospital based Audiology departments across New Zealand each followed their own internal ototoxicity monitoring protocol based, to a large extent, on the guidelines proposed by the American Academy of Audiology and by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Method: Through the use of a Telephone Interview Questionnaire, 16 charge Audiologists were interviewed to establish their current state of knowledge regarding ototoxicity monitoring at 16 out of 20 district health boards in New Zealand. Enquiries about the current systems and procedures in place at their departments together with any suggestions and recommendations to improve on these systems were made. Results: This study found that only 9 of the 16 DHBs interviewed currently follow an ototoxicity monitoring protocol. Furthermore, other than initially hypothesized the origin of the protocols followed by the remaining 7 departments were reported to have ranged from independently developed protocols to historically adopted protocols. One department implemented an adapted version of a protocol by Fausti et al. (Ear and Hearing 1999; 20(6):497-505). This diversity in origin however, does confirm our initial suspicion that no universal and standardized monitoring protocol is currently being followed by Audiologists working in the public health sector of New Zealand.

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Sadorski, Shane S. "The politics of avoiding accountability, the new politics of the welfare state and welfare state retrenchment in New Zealand, 1984-1993." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ53023.pdf.

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Piggin, Joe, and n/a. "Power, politics and policy : creating, deploying and resisting meaning in New Zealand public sport policy." University of Otago. School of Physical Education, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081117.154305.

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All policy involves the transmission of language and ideas and therefore power. Public sport and recreation policy, through which millions of tax dollars are allocated and which disseminates knowledge and understandings about sport and recreation, is one arena where power relations are constantly formed, reformed and challenged. To understand more about the exercise of power in New Zealand sport and recreation policy, this research examines the dissemination and challenge of policies written by Sparc (Sport and Recreation New Zealand), the organisation responsible for public sport and recreation policy in New Zealand. Three questions were used to understand the exercise of power in New Zealand public policy. These questions included: How is knowledge about sport and recreation produced and disseminated through public policy? How is �the truth� about sport and recreation proclaimed and constructed in public policy? How can individuals affected by sport and recreation policy challenge existing relations of power? Theoretically, this research draws on Foucauldian conceptions about power, knowledge, truth and the self. Foucault argued that individuals and groups exercise power discursively, by promoting and deploying certain dominant discourses (or understandings) to the exclusion of other (subjugated) knowledges. As such, the way in which individuals within a society understand knowledge, truth and the self is governed by dominant discourses, and is continually formed discursively over time. Discourses are deployed through a variety of means, including the writing, implementation and resistance of public policy. Methodologically, the thesis merges Foucault�s archaeological and genealogical approaches to studying discourses. Further, it is guided by a critical discourse analysis, which enables the researcher to question the assumptions behind policy discourses. Data is gathered from various sources, including policy documents, public debate over policy, media articulations of policy and interviews with individuals involved in the writing and resistance of public policy. This research highlights four distinct practices (or techniques) that illustrate how power is exercised in public sport and recreation policy. These techniques include an analysis of bio-power, techniques used to analyse, control, and define the body; governmentality, which dictates the range of possible actions of individuals and citizens; games of truth, through which �the truth� is part of a constant discursive debate; and parrhesia, a practice through which citizens can lessen the effect of dominant discourses on their lives. These practices are analysed through specific case studies within the discursive terrain of public sport and recreation policy. With each case study both theoretical considerations and practical suggestions for policy making are offered. Four findings are discussed. Firstly, public policy can discursively and problematically construct understandings of the world through policy goals and measurements. Secondly, the thesis suggests that while public sport and recreation policy is often defended by policy makers as scientific and rational, its writing and implementation is formed by a number of other understandings which cannot be reconciled with the espoused, positivist logic. Thirdly, the thesis suggests that because policy writing is an ongoing process, and because of changing social conditions, �the truth� about particular policies is also susceptible to change. Fourthly, despite protestors of public policy often believing their resistance is in vain, this study suggests that their efforts do appear to influence the subsequent writing of policy. The research concludes with reflections about the problematic discursive effects of public policy as well as a consideration of the potential for groups and individuals to challenge or resist understandings about sport and recreation which they do not agree with. In turn, it offers recommendations about the future development of sport public policy, as well as a reflection of this particular type of research approach used. Finally, using this research as a pivot point, sites for future research are considered. In particular, an examination of the effect of public policy on individuals� lived experiences (as distinct from communities or nations) might be of interest, as would an investigation of effects of global discourses about sport, recreation and physical activity on national public policy.

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van, Raat Anthony Christian Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "State housing at Orakei and the model suburb experiment in New Zealand 1900-1940." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Built Environment, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31905.

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The colonization of New Zealand led to the development of particular patterns of settlement. In some cases models were derived from contemporary British practice; in other cases they came from new world settlements elsewhere. But almost invariably any theoretical propositions which might have either consciously or unconsciously underpinned the form of the settlements and their ideological or other purposes were displaced by the pragmatic beliefs and constraints of those who developed them. These settlements arose at the same time as the belief that New Zealand was a natural paradise and that it offered the opportunity for the establishment of some kind of new and perhaps even utopian model for settlement. The Auckland suburb of Orakei as it developed in the first decades of the twentieth century provides fertile ground for the exploration of a number of themes which illuminate the New Zealand suburban experience: the role of the state in regulating and providing housing; the development of the discipline of planning; the evolution of the garden suburb in New Zealand; the choice of an architectural style for state housing; the integration of planning and housing; the contest for physical and ideological control of development; and the decisive role of individuals in creating the suburb. This thesis describes the political, social and ideological environments which led to the construction of the suburb of Orakei and the form which it took.

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Pearce, Diane Francis. "Two years of peace?: the Schools Consultative Group and the state in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Education, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5917.

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This thesis is an examination of the formation, operation and dissolution of the Schools Consultative Group in New Zealand. In the context of the neo-Liberal restructuring of the state sector that occurred throughout the 1980s, the formation of this group was a political anomaly. The expulsion of 'vested interests' from the education sector, as in other public sectors, was a significant theme of the reorganisation of the administration of education. Yet the Schools Consultative Group, as a collection of education sector interest groups, was invited by the Minister of Education to advise him on matters of policy. While appearing to function as a consultative forum, it is argued in this thesis that the need for such a group arose out of the structural inadequacies of the neo-Liberal state form. More particularly, the struggle in education, which had reached critical proportions by 1992, was precipitated by the structural exclusion of education sector groups as 'vested interests'. The transformation of both modes of interest representation and intervention in the education state generated a structural crisis which was manifested in the form of a political crisis of support for continued educational reform. It is suggested here that the Schools Consultative Group represented a political strategy to contain the education crisis and to remove from the public arena a very public conflict between the Minister of Education and the teachers' unions over the direction of education policy.

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Pedroso, Frederico Ferreira Fonseca. "Dynamic Response Recovery Tool for Emergency Response within State Highway Organisations in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Dept of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4934.

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This thesis reports the research efforts conducted in order to develop the Dynamic Response Recovery Tool. The DRRT was developed as a decision support tool under a holistic approach considering both emergency management research and transportation studies. The proposed system was assessed by a series of case studies in order to identify its efficiency and suitability for roading organisations. Knowledge developed from two novel research approaches are comprehensively described throughout the thesis. Initially, we report on the observation of three emergency exercises and two real events in New Zealand. This set of activities indicated the complex and dynamic environment in which emergency management takes place as well as organisational settings and management structures implemented to better respond and recover from disasters events. Additionally, a secondary approach was designed to overcome limitations identified in the observation method. In this context, a game-based scenario simulation was developed and conducted with twelve participants. With a focus in resource deployment decisions during emergencies, the game simulated an earthquake scenario in which participants had to allocate physical resources to fix damage created in a road network. Simulations indicated that Naturalistic Decision-making processes were used to respond to the scenario. Thus, resource allocation followed planning priorities defined previously the simulation, which further considered individual experiences and knowledge. Taking advantage from the findings achieved and knowledge developed by the observations and game simulations, the DRRT was designed using the conceptual background identified in the literature review. The DRRT was conceptualised as a logistics sub-system as part of the broad field of Disaster Management. In particular, the DRRT was geared towards supporting decision-making by providing procedural recommendations and identifying optimum physical deployment strategies. In order to assess the proposed system, an Information Technology application was built according to the DRRT’s specifications. A series of eleven individual and three group simulations was performed in order to assess the DRRT. Data collected through the application indicated that the DRRT enhanced decision-making during extreme events. In specific, case study participants using the system at greater levels achieved better decision-making accuracy than those disregarding completely or partially the system. Case studies also indicated that emergency management knowledge was represented by the application and its logistics model provided participants with vital information to optimise resource allocation.

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Harrington-Watt, Kathleen. "Vernacular Photographs as Privileged Objects:The Social Relationships of Photographs in the Homes of Gujarati/New Zealanders." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6208.

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Photographs traverse the world in many forms and for many purposes. They follow and trace movements and networks of people, and have become essential objects in linking the past, present, and future of migrating communities. Vernacular photographs found in the home, encompass a substantial field of neglected knowledge and should be accorded greater attention and analysis in social science research. Vernacular images in academic research are often described as ordinary and mundane, their representational aspects are perceived to be repetitive and unremarkable (portraits, family snapshots etc.). However, this thesis argues that vernacular photographs are privileged objects and it is their universality and social embeddedness that elevates their significance in social science research. Unlike public or institutionalised photographic archives, vernacular archives operate within active social contexts and are alive with social agency. In this thesis, I use Alfred Gell’s anthropological theory of Art and Agency as the framework for conceptualising the social agency of photographs. To support these claims, this research examines the personal photographs found in the vernacular archives of a Gujarati migrant group in Christchurch, New Zealand. The photographs presented by members of this group are found at the centre of their social lives, mirroring their experiences and relationships in visual form. I use the Chakra Wheel as a visual metaphor to symbolise the nature of this group and their photographs. This metaphor speaks directly to the phenomenon of transnationalism and acknowledges that, for migrant communities, these transitioning processes are complex and elaborate, where the foundations of kinship and homemaking are constantly shifting. Vernacular photographs are at the centre of these transnational exchanges and networks, shifting from place to place, creating tangible and virtual threads between individuals, families, villages, and communities. They anchor these relationships at various sites, such as the wall in the family home, in albums, wallets, and on the internet. Vernacular photographs mirror these complex processes, and silently record and embody the social lives of people in a visual way. The mirrored reflection of the vernacular photograph can be both objective and subjective. By using the vernacular photograph as a research medium, in ethnographic research, we can get closer to the lived reality of people’s social lives. To emphasise the privileged position of vernacular photographs, I have chosen to use the methodology of photo-elicitation to position the photograph at the centre of enquiry. The methodology used in this thesis borrows some essential concepts from the discipline of phototherapy. Phototherapy claims that photographs can open up an exploration of us and others and, when the participant has primary agency, the affective force of the photograph is powerful and insightful. This thesis strongly supports these assumptions. Phototherapy uses photographs to explore the thoughts and unconscious processes of individuals. I argue that, in social research, photographs can also be used to explore and ‘open up’ the social world, by positioning the participant as the prime authority of their images, and their images as the vehicle of engagement and communication. By using vernacular photographs in this way, I look at both ‘on the surface’ and ‘below the surface’ of the image, making links with Barthes’ photographic theory and his concepts of ‘studium’ and ‘punctum’. In this thesis, the participants are the curators of their own personal archives. Their photographs give an emic view of their world, emphasising the importance of their migrant history, ancestors, village home, community, and cultural identity. Their photographs mediate agency between persons and places: keeping alive personal and spiritual relationships in the here and now; reinforcing essential familial knowledge systems; and assisting in creating and maintaining community identity and belonging.

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Thornton, Richard William. "Does Size Matter? New Zealand in Partnership with the European Union: a Small State Perspective." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/911.

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British accession to the European Union (EU) had far reaching economic, political and social consequences for New Zealand, forcing New Zealand to transform itself from a dependent subsidiary of Britain to acting as an independent small state for the first time. Although still in its infancy, the contemporary relationship New Zealand has formed with the EU is quite different to that it first established in the 1970s. It has increasing become more institutionalised, with a slowly developing structural framework that facilitates the narrow areas of cooperation. Dominated by the important economic relationship, the main challenges faced are of an economic nature. But the relationship also encompasses areas of political and social cooperation including people-to-people links, the environment, educational linkages, mutual support for multilateral institutions and development in the Pacific. As a small state, New Zealand is expected to display certain foreign policy behaviours in its interaction with bilateral partners. Small state theory forms the theoretical framework that explains New Zealand's behaviour in its foreign policy interaction with the EU. The theory was chosen for both its perceived usefulness in explaining and understanding the foreign policy behaviour of small states and for the apparent weaknesses of the theory, which is revealed in the case study of New Zealand-EU relations. This demonstrates how the theory is useful for its explanation of small state foreign policy behaviour, but also providing an insightful revelation of the theories flaws. This thesis proposes modifications to small state theory in order to strengthen it, and make it more encompassing of the contemporary realities of small state foreign policy, demonstrating that size does matter when exercising a foreign policy.

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Braatvedt, Sue. "A history of music education in New Zealand state primary and intermediate schools 1878-1989." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Music, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3915.

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Music education has been part of the New Zealand curriculum since the nineteenth century yet it has not been perceived as a "mainstream" subject in the school curriculum. This research examines how music has been perceived in the curriculum, and looks at the effectiveness of the teacher in implementing music education programmes during the existence of the Department of Education between 1878 and 1989. While the Education Act of 1877 established the Department of Education, in practical terms the Department only started to function in 1878 and ceased to exist in 1989. External events such as the two economic depressions of the 1890s and the early 1930s, and the two World Wars, had a deleterious effect on music education development. In the local political arena there was inconsistency in attitudes towards the subject that further inhibited growth. The majority of immigrants during the nineteenth century were from Britain. A review of the sight singing movement in England is included in chapter one to determine why singing dominated school music in the New Zealand curriculum. In 1928 the syllabus changed from "singing" to "music." This reflected a wider concept of musical activity, including musical appreciation, movement and the playing of musical instruments. The 1920s represented an era of many new initiatives in school music, dominated by the appointment of the first Supervisor of School Music, E. Douglas Tayler. The subsequent appointments of four British music lecturers to the four Training Colleges augured well for school music. Broadcasts to schools programmes that featured prominently in the lives of many New Zealand school pupils, had begun life with Tayler's music programmes in 1931. The appointment of the National Adviser of Music, W.H. Walden Mills in 1958 represented another important milestone in music education, since no-one had held this position on a national level since Tayler's resignation 27 years earlier. Walden Mills' influence was manifest in the appointments of District Music Advisers during the 1960s who provided a much needed support service to teachers. Further developments in music education occurred during the 1970s with the implementation of special music programmes in certain schools, including the Music Teacher Scheme (MT scheme) and the composers in schools scheme. During the 1970s and 1980s awareness of other cultures became an integral part of school music programmes, and contemporary music of all kinds became an acceptable part of the school environment. Two significant events that reflected changing attitudes towards music education were the publication of the Tait Report in 1970 and the Ritchie Report in 1980. A CD accompanies the thesis giving examples of school songs published in various song books used in New Zealand schools between 1878 and 1980.

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O'Connor, Tony. "Governing bodies : a Māori healing tradition in a bicultural state /." e-Thesis University of Auckland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2327.

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Selket, Kyro. "Exiled bodies and funeral homes in Aotearoa New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in [Human Geography] /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1241.

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Crerar, Andrew Robert Osborne. "The price of free education: an investigation into the voluntary donation funding system in New Zealand state schools." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5893.

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This research program aimed to identify the factors that influence the Voluntary Donation payment decision in a cohort of parents (N = 250) with a child (or children) at a New Zealand state school. A voluntary donation is a charitable contribution to the running of the school collected from the parents of the school’s students. A survey questionnaire was constructed to examine the attitudes parents hold towards the voluntary donation funding system, the current New Zealand Government and the school the respondent’s child attends. The parents were ‘naturally’ separated into two conditions based on their last voluntary donation payment decision – Paid versus Not Paid – to compare the differences in attitudes on the various statements from the survey and their demographic composition. The results revealed that payment decision was positively correlated with educational achievement, annual household income and age. Individual contributions exhibited strong positive relationships with beliefs about the contributions of others, which was consistent with previous public goods field experiments. The research extended the existing public goods research by examining the social norms of voluntary donation behaviour and assimilating the results with theories of altruism, conditional cooperation and reciprocity. The strongest overall contribution to the prediction of payment decision was parents’ attitudes towards the current Government and the voluntary donation funding system. The results identified that pressures existed in the voluntary donation environment, a result most prevalent in high decile schools. Additionally, a marginal level of comprehension of the voluntary donations characterised the majority of respondents. Overall, the research found that the best predictor of contribution was attitudes towards the voluntary donation funding system.

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Reveley, J. W. C. "The state and income redistribution: a study of the social wage and taxation in New Zealand 1949-1975." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10351.

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This thesis examines the role of the state in redistributing income between social classes in New Zealand during the years 1949-1975. It applies an innovative methodology, developed by E. Ahmet Tonak, to a set of data drawn from New Zealand's national accounts and estimates a quantity labelled 'net-tax', defined as the taxes that the working class cede to the state less the expenditure that the working class receives from the state in the form of a social wage. A detailed theoretical discussion precedes the empirical analysis. Insofar as Tonak's method requires that the social wage (the portion of state expenditure consumed by the working class) be identified as an empirical quantity, the argument that all taxes, and hence all state expenditures, originate from surplus value is confronted. The views of the main representatives of this contemporary school of thought are subjected to detailed scrutiny. They are rejected in favour of the views of a school which considers the portion of taxes funding the state expenditure that constitutes the social wage to originate in 'wages'. A model which theoretically 'grounds' the comparison of taxes paid to state expenditure received, effected in the remaining chapters of this study, is then formulated. In the empirical analysis, the empirical referent of the 'net-tax' concept is calculated for the years 1949-1975. The net-tax data set is then used to construct a transference ratio, which indicates the degree and direction of income redistribution effected by the state. The main finding to emerge is that, in all but one of the twenty-seven years surveyed in this study, the working class has surrendered more wealth in taxes to the state than it has received back from the state as a social wage. In light of these results, it can be concluded that the welfare state has not materially benefitted the working class in New Zealand. Moreover, insofar as income has consistently been redistributed from the working class to 'non-labour' (the capitalist class and the state itself), the state can be considered to owe the working class a debt in the amount of 3671.26 million (constant 1975) dollars.

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Doherty, William. "Mātauranga Tūhoe : the centrality of mātauranga-a-iwi to Māori education /." e-Thesis University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5639.

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Thesis (PhD--Education)--University of Auckland, 2009.
"A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education, University of Auckland, New Zealand, August 2009." Includes bibliographical references.

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Witbrodt, Matthew. "Indigenous rights and state opposition : a case study on the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577505.

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The present study considers international law and indigenous peoples in relation to the four States who voted against the adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in September of 2007. The four states -the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand -share a common bond in voting against the Declaration, as well as a common colonial heritage as all four States are former British colonies. The study considers the means and modes of the British colonial project; the perception of indigenous peoples under both natural and positivist international legal theory during colonization; the subsequent treatment of indigenous peoples within the jurisprudence and legal frameworks of the four emerging States; the resulting treatment of the indigenous peoples within the four States; the subsequent re-engagement of the issue if indigenous peoples in international law; and the provisions of the Declaration in relation to the oppositional stance of the four States, as well as the legal status of the provisions within the text of the Declaration itself. The objective of the study is to consider the resulting legal relationship and progress made in the contemporary international engagement of indigenous rights in relation to Cassese's description of international law shifting from universalism to eurocentricism by the 19th century, only to begin to swing back towards a universal approach to international law contemporarily.

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Kuiper, Alison C. "Education for occupational change: a study of institutional retraining in New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1068.

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In the Western world, and specifically in New Zealand, a major impetus for retraining has arisen quite recently and gone largely unnoticed. The new social phenomenon, retraining in the sense of education for occupational change, is examined in this study. Alongside the three traditionally recognised groups of adult learners: those learning for leisure; second chance learners who have been previously educationally disadvantaged; and upskillers who seek to enhance their existing credentials through further tertiary education; is a fourth; the reskillers, those who are seeking education for occupational change. Women are shown to be pioneers in leading social change in this area of retraining. The key questions investigated in this thesis concern the existence of this new phenomenon in New Zealand; whether it is national or worldwide; and whether its origins are local or international. Whether there are distinctive characteristics to the manifestation of this phenomenon in New Zealand is investigated by examining current policy and practice. Additional questions concern whether there are feature of New Zealand employment or education which make upskilling and reskilling more or less likely in this country; the significance of women being the first to take up education for occupational change and what can be learnt from comparison with other countries specifically the Netherlands and England. Education takes place within a set of intersecting socio-political contexts. In the modern world these are simultaneously international, national, local and institutional. They impact on participants in a course of study yet are not often manifest to the individual. 'Learning for life’ is a significant area of both international and national socio-political concern, manifesting itself in a significant set of public discourses and in social phenomena which, as in this case of education for occupational change, are little researched or understood. The historical evolution of public policy relating to adult learners, internationally, and in New Zealand, is documented, with a particular focus on the period from the 1960s onwards. The major theoretical and ideological constructs are outlined and critiqued particularly with reference to public policy in New Zealand. Analysis shows an inexorable shift over time away from knowledge and skills attained through praxis, to knowledge and skills attained through formal institutionalised learning. At the same time as this change was taking place, participation rates in first secondary, and then tertiary, education rose. Concurrently more and more women entered tertiary education in order to make their way into an increasingly credentialised workforce. It is suggested that, credentials are used for screening purposes in addition to providing individuals with knowledge and skills needed for the occupations they enter. Case studies are used to illustrate and document these changes. Policies relating to learning for life are examined with reference to three different countries: New Zealand, England and the Netherlands. Provision of tertiary education for adults is investigated, and then illustrated through the coverage provided by institutions in three cities, Christchurch, Leicester and Utrecht. These studies show that different countries are subject to international geo-political and ideological forces but respond to them in locally and historically determined ways. The case study/qualitative analysis of the Christchurch Polytechnic’s Next Step Centre for Women and the New Outlook for Women courses illustrates the ways in which the twists and turns of public policy in New Zealand over thirty years have affected women wishing to seek education for occupational change. A quantitative study of mature students and their motivations for returning to study at the Christchurch Polytechnic allows for the impact of public policy and institutional provision on a group of mature individuals to be assessed. The study concludes that education for occupational change appears to be more advanced in New Zealand than in the European countries chosen for comparison. This may result more from individual initiative and the conditions which promote this, than from state policy direction or institutional provision. Policy consequences are proposed on the basis of these findings.

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Shannon, William. "National Policies for the Internationalisation of Higher Education in New Zealand: A Comparative Analysis." Thesis, University of Canterbury. National Centre for Research on Europe, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3437.

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Research has observed an ever-increasing emphasis which is placed on the international dimension in higher education. This thesis is particularly interested in the question, why internationalisation? It constitutes a case study of the rationales driving the national policies for the internationalisation of higher education in New Zealand, the findings of which are compared with those of the seven European countries (Austria, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and the United Kingdom) analysed as part of a recent European Union 5th Framework Programme project. The available research suggests that economic rationales increasingly drive internationalisation and the first phase of the above project reaffirmed that this was the case at the national level in those countries analysed. This thesis provides an opportunity to corroborate this research and assess whether the same is true in New Zealand. Above all, it intends to contribute to an improved conception of the phenomenon of increasing internationalisation in higher education from which informed discussion and critical debate about its future can take place.

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Walsh, Andrew Timothy. "Engineering Geomorphological Assessment and Slope Hazard Identification of the Haast Pass Highway Corridor, State Highway Six, Haast Pass New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10575.

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The Haast Pass highway has had a long history of instability since it was constructed in 1960. Steep slopes and deeply incised river create an actively changing geomorphic environment making maintaining the highway corridor hazardous and difficult. This thesis study provides the first comprehensive investigation of the highway corridor between the Summit and Thunder Creek Falls using LiDAR and detailed air-photo analysis to provide the basis for geomorphic mapping. Management of slope hazards to date has been based on a reactive approach treating the immediate unstable areas around landslides after they occur. This study presents the first large-scale geomorphological assessment of the highway corridor identifying surface unit type, slope processes and slope hazards in order to facilitate the development of a long-term highway management strategy. Because dense vegetation covers nearly all the slopes above the highway in the study area as as such, it has not been possible to adequately investigate slope geomorphology until the availability of LiDAR. This study is the first to use Light direction and ranging[LiDAR] for corridor hazard mapping beneath dense vegetation in New Zealand. The LiDAR survey was flown by New Zealand Aerial Mapping in January 2014 for the New Zealand Transport Agency and was provided for use in this study. The LiDAR surface model created serves as the basis for mapping surface units and landslide features, enabling the identification of slope processes and landslide hazards. Aerial photos were also used to identify surface unit type and slope processes where vegetation was absent and enabled the activity of slopes to be evaluated. Interpretations made using LiDAR were validated using aerial photography and targeted ground truthing with all ground truthing sites confirming the interpretations made. Large scale geomorphology mapping was undertaken on slopes above the highway on the western side of the valley and showed that there were distinct differences between the southern and northern parts of the highway corridor. Between The Haast Pass Summit and Pipson Creek the slopes are dominated by schist bedrock with regolith confined to small deposits next to the highway and larger deposits in tributary valleys. The slope hazards affecting the highway in this zone are confined to debris sliding and rockfall from regolith deposits and bedrock cliffs next to the highway between Robinson and Pipson Creeks. The slopes between Pipson Creek and the Gates of Haast, in contrast, consist of deep regolith deposits and regolith veneered slopes. Evidence of active and recently active slope processes on the slopes facing the highway confirm the instability is associated with slope hazards including debris flows, debris slides, rock fall and highway collapse. Small-scale detailed evaluations were undertaken at Diana Falls, Ford Creek, The Hinge and the Gates of Haast with the sites selected based on their history of instability and/or their particu- larly hazardous appearance during the large-scale geomorphology and hazard identification. Using the LiDAR surface model surface units and landslide features were identified and mapped with small-scale engineering geomorphology maps. This information was then used to interpret the subsurface geometry and the failure mode/slope processes acting on the slope enabling an assessment of the current stability and future slope development to be made. Diana Falls was found to have scarps and tension cracks running across the regolith covered slope indicating that future landslides from this site will be an ongoing problem. At Ford Creek the landslide was identified as a rock compound slide, but assessments of its current stability and future development were unable to be made. Detailed investigations at The Hinge revealed evidence of a large creeping debris slide and the existence smaller debris slides below the highway through the entire investigation area; the debris slides identified show signs of activity and continued debris sliding will continue to affect the highway in the future. The investigation of the Gates of Haast revealed that the slope instability is not as extensive as it has been in the past, however, recent rock slides and debris flows have continued affect the highway and will continue to pose a hazard in the future. This thesis provides fundamental information required to develop a comprehensive management plan for the Haast Pass highway corridor between the Haast Pass summit and the Gates of Haast. A new landslide management plan has been developed outlining immediate, short-term and long- term options and programmes that should be implemented. Immediate options are steps that can be taken to quickly increase the safety of road users and include moving of highway closure gates and installation of warning signage. Short-term options aim to mitigate landslide hazards where feasible including the installation of rockfall barriers and debris flow attenuators, and lay the groundwork for future avoidance of hazards by undertaking investigations of highway realignment and developing highway closure rainfall thresholds. Long-term options are recommended where landslides will continue to impact the same section of the highway repeatedly and focus on hazard avoidance by building landslide shelters or major highway realignments. The adoption of a management plan ensures security of the highway, protects against loss of life and provides the most cost effective long-term solution to manage the landsliding hazards.

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28

Helbling, Rudolf. "Family farming without state intervention : economic factors underlying the prevalence of family farming : theoretical analysis and case study of New Zealand /." Zürich : VdF Hochschulverl. an der ETH, 1996. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=3728124141.

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Bradford, Graeme. "An evaluation of the state of preaching in the Trans-Tasman Union Conference." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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30

Anderson, Warwick Wyndham. "An Investigation of Dividend Signalling on the New Zealand Stock Exchange in the 1990s and of Several New Tools Employable in such an Investigation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accountancy, Finance and Information Systems, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/861.

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This thesis investigates the nature of joint dividend-and-earnings signalling in announcements to the New Zealand Stock Exchange in the 1990s. Initially the Market Model is used to compute expected returns, and the abnormal returns derived from these are subjected to restricted least squares regressions to separate out a putative dividend signal from the concurrent earnings signal. But with the Market Model, the zero-value company returns associated with an absence of trading in thinly traded stocks are over-represented in returns distributions leading to problems of bias. New models are developed that explicitly exploit zero returns. The first alternative methodology entails friction modelling, which uses a maximum likelihood estimation procedure to find the relationship coefficients and the range of returns that should be considered as zero, and then proceeds to treat them as a separate category. The second alternative methodology is that of state asset models, which take a fresh new look at investor perceptions of the connection between movements in company returns and those of the concurrent underlying market. Zero-value company returns cease to be zero in value, where a state model is rotated, or alternatively they can be modelled as an extra state. All three methodologies furnish some evidence of dividend signalling; but this evidence is highly dependent on small changes within the given methodology.

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31

O'Connor, Tony 1972. "Governing bodies: a Maori healing tradition in a bicultural state." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2327.

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Biculturalism is a relationship in government between the British Crown and the indigenous [Māori] people of New Zealand. I show that this relationship permeated some Māori healing practitioners’ healing knowledge and perception. A key way in which this occurred was through the practitioners recognizing biological and social boundaries between Māori and Pākehā [New Zealanders of European descent]. A second was through the practitioners’ embodiment of connections with social groups including the nation, a history and present shared between Māori and Pākehā and an idealized pre-contact past. A fundamental principle of Te Oo Mai Reia was that for the practitioners to harness the power of the various forces that sustained life they had to be in touch with their whakapapa [genealogy] for it was through their ancestors that they could commune with the Ultimate Deity, Io, the source of the most potent of all forces of life. A further key principle was that spiritually inspired and traditional Māori culture heightened the wellbeing of Māori, not modern, Pākehā culture. Spiritual and ancient knowledge was supra-conscious and made knowable through an embodied awareness of self and other. To make my argument I draw on literature inspired by Foucault that shows how states govern by implementing their operations and securing their penetration into the citizenry by drawing and building upon pre-existing bodies of knowledge and relations of power. I also draw on literature that shows how the human body bears the effects of such practices of government. To this literature I integrate perception by showing how, in this Māori healing context, the government of the bicultural nation-state worked through the ways the practitioners made sense with the body (especially through feeling, seeing and touching).

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Rehn, Matilda. "Do the citizens matter? : A study of citizen participation during the planning process of the extension of state highway 1 - Puhoi to Wellsford, Auckland, New Zealand." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192985.

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33

Emil, Schröder. "Abortion policy reform in New Zealand : Examining the significance of issue networks during the reform process leading up to the Abortion Legislation Act 2020." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412119.

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34

Eppel, Elizabeth Anne. "The contribution of complexity theory to understanding and explaining policy processes : a study of tertiary education policy processes in New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctof of Philosophy in Public Policy /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1202.

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35

Brown, Justine C. "Waiting for the inevitable : social processes preceding a merger in the New Zealand tertiary sector : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce in Management in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/876.

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This study investigates the social dynamics of a pre-merger process between two tertiary education organisations in Christchurch, New Zealand. An emic/ insider research approach was used as the author was an employee of one of the merging organisations. Primary data was collected through personal observations and unstructured and semi-structured interviews with thirty merger participants consisting of, general and academic staff, management, and one student. Secondary data sources included existing merger literature, organisational communication and change policies, and press articles. The study focused on four aspects of social dynamics: i) use of language, ii) expression of emotions, iii) meaning making, and iv) exit behaviour. The use of language depicted the merger as a battle that felt like a war-zone, while humour was used as a prop and revealed sub-text of negative emotions. Expression of emotions portrayed the intensity of feeling, acted as a lens to process meaning, and heightened the organisational atmosphere. Recipients of the merger such as, staff attributed different meanings to the change than those in charge of the merger did such as, management, which impacted relationships, self-confidence, career direction, and provoked self-assessment. Overall, staff felt excluded from the merger process and as a result exercised a range of exit behaviours including escapism, withholding of effort, disengagement, and defiance. This study suggests that minimising dysfunctional exit behaviour can be achieved through inclusive communication processes, transparent decision-making, and acknowledgement and management of emotions. An inclusive merger structure should provide mechanisms for staff to express emotions as well as integrate roles that enable what is important to staff to be built into the process. Additionally, as mergers are likely to be contested processes, management skill is required to defuse stress and tension, and to resolve conflicts.

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Derby, Mark. "Czar Cullen : Police Commissioner John Cullen and coercive state action in early 20th century NZ : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in New Zealand Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/351.

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Hackell, Melissa. "Towards a neoliberal citizenship regime: A post-Marxist discourse analysis." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2530.

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This thesis is empirically grounded in New Zealand's restructuring of unemployment and taxation policy in the 1980s and 1990s. Theoretically it is inspired by a post-Marxist discourse analytical approach that focuses on discourses as political strategies. This approach has made it possible, through an analysis of changing citizenship discourses, to understand how the neoliberalisation of New Zealand's citizenship regime proceeded via debate and struggle over unemployment and taxation policy. Debates over unemployment and taxation in New Zealand during the 1980s and 1990s reconfigured the targets of policy and re-ordered social antagonism, establishing a neoliberal citizenship regime and centring political problematic. This construction of a neoliberal citizenship regime involved re-specifying the targets of public policy as consumers and taxpayers. In exploring the hegemonic discourse strategies of the Fourth Labour Government and the subsequent National-led governments of the 1990s, this thesis traces the process of reconfiguring citizen subjectivity initially as 'social consumers' and participants in a coalition of minorities, and subsequently as universal taxpayers in antagonistic relation to unemployed beneficiaries. These changes are related back to key discursive events in New Zealand's recent social policy history as well as to shifts in the discourses of politicians that address the nature of the public interest and the targets of social policy. I argue that this neoliberalisation of New Zealand's citizenship regime was the outcome of the hegemonic articulatory discourse strategies of governing parties in the 1980s and 1990s. Struggles between government administrations and citizen-based social movement groups were articulated to the neoliberal project. I also argue that in the late 1990s, discursive struggle between the dominant parties to define themselves in difference from each other reveals both the 'de'contestation of a set of neoliberal policy prescriptions, underscoring the neoliberal political problematic, and the privileging of a contributing taxpayer identity as the source of political legitimacy. This study shows that the dynamics of discursive struggle matter and demonstrates how the outcomes of discursive struggle direct policy change. In particular, it establishes how neoliberal discourse strategies evolved from political discourses in competition with other discourses to become the hegemonic political problematic underscoring institutional practice and policy development.

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Ashcroft, Craig, and n/a. "Academics� experiences of Performance-Based Research Funding (PBRF) : governmentality and subjection." University of Otago. Faculty of Education, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070125.162438.

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In 2002 New Zealand�s government set out to "accelerate" the nation�s "transformation into a knowledge society" (Ministry of Education, 2002a, p. 16). Underpinning the development of this so-called 'knowledge society' was a new approach in the way tertiary education was funded. This included introducing a new contestable model of research funding called Performance-Based Research Funding (PBRF). The research reported here was conducted at a critical juncture in the ongoing development and implementation of PBRF because it captures the experiences of fifteen academics as they encounter PBRF and the Quality Evaluation exercise for the first time. Their experiences of the inaugural 2003 Quality Evaluation exercise were examined using a discourse analysis approach informed by Michel Foucault�s (1926-1984) ideas of 'subjection' and 'governmentality'. 'Subjection' occurs when individuals shape their identities by responding to the multiple discourses that are available to them at any particular time and within any historical context (Foucault, 1969). 'Governmentality' refers to a particular instrument, technique or activity that guides and shapes conduct by producing a compliant human subject capable of supporting the interests and objectives of the state (Foucault, 1994a). In the case of academics this might mean conforming to PBRF policies and practices and participating in the development and transformation of a new 'knowledge society'. In this thesis I examine the potential for PBRF to reshape and redirect the nature of research and suggest that some assessment elements of the 2003 Quality Evaluation were flawed and, as a result, a number of participants in this study were now making decisions about their research that appeared contrary to their best interests. I also investigate PBRF as a field of compliance and argue that the Quality Evaluation exercise represents a technology of government that targets the activities and practices of New Zealand�s research academics with the effect of manifesting a more docile and compliant academic subject. I then question PBRF�s impact on the career aspirations and opportunities of academics and claim that the PBRF Quality Evaluation framework has already shifted from being a mechanism for distributing funds for research to one that identifies and rewards the most 'talented' researchers via institutional appointments and promotions. Finally, I interrogate the pursuit and practice of academic freedom and argue that as a consequence of PBRF, a number of participants in this study have positioned themselves in ways that could diminish and constrain their traditional rights to academic freedom. PBRF has the potential to locate academics within a new status-driven hierarchy of professional validation whereby the Quality Evaluation exercise will purportedly measure, evaluate and reward the most 'talented' researchers and the 'best' research. In this thesis I argue that the PBRF Quality Evaluation framework operates as a form of disciplinary power exercised as part of an international trend of intensifying audit and assessment practices in higher education. In this sense, I claim that PBRF exists as an instrument of governmentality capable of constituting a new type of academic subject by significantly shifting the way academics will have to think and conduct their professional selves in relation to their work and research.

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Scarfe, Bradley Edward. "Oceanographic Considerations for the Management and Protection of Surfing Breaks." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2668.

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Although the physical characteristics of surfing breaks are well described in the literature, there is little specific research on surfing and coastal management. Such research is required because coastal engineering has had significant impacts to surfing breaks, both positive and negative. Strategic planning and environmental impact assessment methods, a central tenet of integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), are recommended by this thesis to maximise surfing amenities. The research reported here identifies key oceanographic considerations required for ICZM around surfing breaks including: surfing wave parameters; surfing break components; relationship between surfer skill, surfing manoeuvre type and wave parameters; wind effects on waves; currents; geomorphic surfing break categorisation; beach-state and morphology; and offshore wave transformations. Key coastal activities that can have impacts to surfing breaks are identified. Environmental data types to consider during coastal studies around surfing breaks are presented and geographic information systems (GIS) are used to manage and interpret such information. To monitor surfing breaks, a shallow water multibeam echo sounding system was utilised and a RTK GPS water level correction and hydrographic GIS methodology developed. Including surfing in coastal management requires coastal engineering solutions that incorporate surfing. As an example, the efficacy of the artificial surfing reef (ASR) at Mount Maunganui, New Zealand, was evaluated. GIS, multibeam echo soundings, oceanographic measurements, photography, and wave modelling were all applied to monitor sea floor morphology around the reef. Results showed that the beach-state has more cellular circulation since the reef was installed, and a groin effect on the offshore bar was caused by the structure within the monitoring period, trapping sediment updrift and eroding sediment downdrift. No identifiable shoreline salient was observed. Landward of the reef, a scour hole ~3 times the surface area of the reef has formed. The current literature on ASRs has primarily focused on reef shape and its role in creating surfing waves. However, this study suggests that impacts to the offshore bar, beach-state, scour hole and surf zone hydrodynamics should all be included in future surfing reef designs. More real world reef studies, including ongoing monitoring of existing surfing reefs are required to validate theoretical concepts in the published literature.

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Winter, N. A. "Change in juvenile justice policy : implications for rights and responsibilities : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1286.

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Changes in juvenile justice are often attributed to increases in offending and media attention to crime. A "cycle" of reforms, which alternate between punitive and treatment type responses has been identified. This study explores the possibility that wider socio-political events also have implications for reforms. Nations in which welfare and juvenile justice systems are highly integrated, may exhibit different patterns of policy change than those observed elsewhere. Changes in juvenile justice policy in New Zealand and Sweden are examined. The implications of policy change for the rights and responsibilities of those involved in the juvenile justice system are also examined. This includes the State, juvenile offenders and their parents and the victims of crime. Particular attention is given to the status of parental rights.

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Connolly, Maria Josephine. "The impacts of the Canterbury earthquakes on educational inequalities and achievement in Christchurch secondary schools." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7903.

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During 2010 and 2011, major earthquakes caused widespread damage and the deaths of 185 people in the city of Christchurch. Damaged school buildings resulted in state intervention which required amendment of the Education Act of 1989, and the development of ‘site sharing agreements’ in undamaged schools to cater for the needs of students whose schools had closed. An effective plan was also developed for student assessment through establishing an earthquake impaired derived grade process. Previous research into traditional explanations of educational inequalities in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and New Zealand were reviewed through various processes within three educational inputs: the student, the school and the state. Research into the impacts of urban natural disasters on education and education inequalities found literature on post disaster education systems but nothing could be found that included performance data. The impacts of the Canterbury earthquakes on educational inequalities and achievement were analysed over 2009-2012. The baseline year was 2009, the year before the first earthquake, while 2012 is seen as the recovery year as no schools closed due to seismic events and there was no state intervention into the education of the region. National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA) results levels 1-3 from thirty-four secondary schools in the greater Christchurch region were graphed and analysed. Regression analysis indicates; in 2009, educational inequalities existed with a strong positive relationship between a school’s decile rating and NCEA achievement. When schools were grouped into decile rankings (1-10) and their 2010 NCEA levels 1-3 results were compared with the previous year, the percentage of change indicates an overall lower NCEA achievement in 2010 across all deciles, but particularly in lower decile schools. By contrast, when 2011 NCEA results were compared with those of 2009, as a percentage of change, lower decile schools fared better. Non site sharing schools also achieved higher results than site sharing schools. State interventions, had however contributed towards student’s achieving national examinations and entry to university in 2011. When NCEA results for 2012 were compared to 2009 educational inequalities still exist, however in 2012 the positive relationship between decile rating and achievement is marginally weaker than in 2009. Human ethics approval was required to survey one Christchurch secondary school community of students (aged between 12 and 18), teachers and staff, parents and caregivers during October 2011. Participation was voluntary and without incentives, 154 completed questionnaires were received. The Canterbury earthquakes and aftershocks changed the lives of the research participants. This school community was displaced to another school due to the Christchurch earthquake on 22 February 2011. Research results are grouped under four geographical perspectives; spatial impacts, socio-economic impacts, displacement, and health and wellbeing. Further research possibilities include researching the lag effects from the Canterbury earthquakes on school age children.

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Bedggood, Janet Lindsay. "Bolshie Women: Resisting State Reform in New Zealand." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1021.

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This thesis looks at the way the historical oppression of women in capitalist society is reproduced through a continuing gender division of labour at home and in the workplace. Women's primary responsibility for domestic labour in the home both defines and disadvantages them in the labour market. I argue that changing women's inferior status under capitalism depends on women organising for equality in the labour market. I develop the argument around women's status by looking at the way state activity shaped the conditions for social reproduction in the post-war period of capitalist growth followed by the onset of economic decline and state restructuring in New Zealand. I take a classical Marxist political economy approach to explain the end of the post-war boom as a 'structural crisis' of falling profits requiring the state to act for capital by establishing the conditions for the market to 'restructure' production to restore the conditions for profitability. The thesis focuses on the reduction of state welfare provision which impacted on women both as domestic labourers and wage labourers. These measures generated opposition. First, government's proposal for domestic purpose beneficiaries to undertake 'workfare' signaled a (failed) attempt to propel these women into work as a reserve army of labour and out of their primary role as domestic labourers supported by the state. Second, reducing state spending on the 'social wage' impacted directly on women workers in state sector areas of education and health. I interviewed women teachers who were active in their unions in resisting the pressures of reform and defending their jobs. The most politically conscious teachers were Marxists who agitated to advance workers from a trade union consciousness to a class consciousness. They understood that the union struggle was a class struggle of workers against a capitalist class on the offensive. They challenged union bureaucrats in accommodating to this. In their interventions, these women demonstrated the possibilities for overcoming gender inequality not through separatist strategies or liberal reforms that leave capitalist structures intact but through the transformative potential of union struggle for the 'socialist project'.

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Chang, Shei Wei, and 張學尉. "The Economic Reconstruction of Welfare State--The New Zealand Experience." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45434719809114591533.

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碩士
國立東華大學
國際經濟研究所
87
The article discussed the valuable experience of economic development of New Zealand from 1960s until 1995 when the economic reform was finished. At the same time, the theory of Swan model was mixed with practical information in order to check the appropriate for the exchange rate and expenditure policies that the New Zealand government took for nearly forty years. Finally, it compared the differences of Taiwan and New Zealand''s policy experiences in order to set up a example of policy planning for us about the process of urging welfare state. For a long time, New Zealand has presented something of an enigma, a developed high income economy with conservative governments, but with bouts of radical law-making resulting in distinctive policies, and by the intervention of governments to address economic, political and social welfare policies. From 1945 until the early 1970s has been a "golden age" of New Zealand. These performances involved increasing government intervention to provide social security and other programmes and thus formed high growth rate, low inflation and productivity grew rapidly. During the period, stable exchange rates and lower trade barriers formed the performances of high growth rate. Obviously, stable high growth rates, together with high tax rates, provided the resources for increased government spending on health, education and welfare policies. However, welfare losses associated with the state interventions suggests that growth rates might have been even higher. By the later 1960s, a disequilibrium economic structure produced many problems, inflationary pressures were beginning to emerge, unemployment rate rose. These effects were magnified by a New Zealand commodity boom during the early 1970s and by Britain''s decision that she would almost certainly join the European Economic Community. The two adverse oil shocks of 1973 and 1979 caused serious deterioration in the terms of trade, negative real interest rates reduced the need for urgent structural adjustment. Low interest rates may have even encouraged bad public investment and industrial projects. There was an inability to recognize the need for structural change to accommodate the new economic reality. During the 1970s, relative to the OECD, the per capita income didn''t improve, unemployment continued to rise and inflation continued to increase. At the same time, the economic policies included a significant increase in agriculture subsidy, extensive wage, price and interest rate controls. They reflected that the policies defied the downward trend in the terms of trade, and by a series of exchange rate devaluation to allow living standards to be preserved. But the result was declining competitiveness, low productivity and slow real economic growth. With the bad performances and an increasing number of people seemed to lose faith in the ability of governments to maintain economic stability, improve income distribution and stimulate growth, so the political innovators managed to convince the electorate that there was a crisis and a need to reform. From 1984 when the Labour Party took power, it took a series of policies, and the main purpose was to decrease the intervention of government. The policies included: the devaluation of New Zealand dollar, the floating of exchange rate, the remove of import restriction, the release of control on wages and prices, the decrease of fiscal deficit and the change of tax policy, such as the decrease of personal income tax and the implementation of add-valued tax. A series of fiscal and economic reforms changed the economic role of the government and the way it preformed its allocative, distributive and stabilization functions. So the factors of New Zealand''s successful experience included a pragmatic culture, an isolated and small population, concentrated political power and pressing economic concerns and the ten year''s reform to achieve a nice performance. The article discussed the process about the reform of New Zealand and the mixture of economic policies, so the valuable experience is a good example for us about urging welfare state, the reconstruction of government and setting up the economic policies.

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CHEN, FANG-YIN, and 陳芳吟. "From Welfare to Competition State: Higher Education Policy Reform in New Zealand." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/twjy32.

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博士
國立暨南國際大學
國際文教與比較教育學系
108
In the 1930s, the Great Depression brought severe economic recession and massive unemployment. In order to guarantee at least the basic needs of the people, both the European and American governments expanded their role by actively intervening in the provision of public utilities and welfares, in which these measures did in overall restore the order and the economic life of the society. Until the 1970s, the welfare regime was adopted by most advanced Western countries. Since the 1970s, due to the economic problems caused by the oil crisis and the advent of the globalization era, the welfare states gradually faced risks and crises, the policy and the role of government must transform into competition states featured by small and capable government vs. big market in replacement of the welfare regime. The shift of national regime has had a profound impact on higher education policies, as the policy focus moved from nationalization to privatization, from government control to government supervision, and from pursuit of equality to excellence. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of the rise and characteristics of the welfare and competition state on the higher education policy. New Zealand, the pioneer of a welfare state in the 1930s, was chosen as the case study to analyze the impact of regime change in terms of its higher education policy. In order to achieve the above objective, relevant data from document review were collected and analyzed. Based on the results of document analysis and interviews conducted in New Zealand, five conclusions were drawn as follows: 1. Economic factors affect the development and transformation of welfare state in democratic countries; 2. The trend of globalization is the inherent factor which forces the welfare state to transform into a competition state; 3. Higher education is deeply affected by the transformation of the statehood, where the focus of a policy may change significantly; 4. Despite New Zealand being a pioneer of welfare state, it still needed to actively transform itself; 5. The higher education policy of New Zealand fluctuated frequently with the transitions of national regime.

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45

Lloyd, Kristen Helen. "Clay mineralogy and organic carbon associations in two adjacent watersheds, New Zealand." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10242007-122356/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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46

Lawrence, Hugh D. V. "Government involvement in New Zealand sport sport policy, a cautionary tale /." 2008. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20080818.134132/index.html.

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47

Vaughan, Karen. "Out for the count: the last alternative state high school in New Zealand." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/385.

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This thesis is based on a five-year case study of Auckland Metropolitan College ("Metro"), the only state-funded alternative secondary school in New Zealand. At the time of writing in September 2001, the school teeters on the brink of closure after the eighth negative Education Review Office (ERO) report in eight years. Metro appears to exemplify many neo-liberal principles in education - choice, freedom, lifelong learning, and flexibility - which are considered integral to the "effective school". However its position as a sink (and market safety valve) for unwanted students from other schools, as well as its long history without any official clarification of its status as alternative within the New Zealand education system, positions the school as a danger at the margins of mainstream schooling. Metro's apparent inability to function "properly" within a framework that includes notions of the "good (professional) teacher", the "good (enterprising) student", and the "good (effective) school" is examined against a number of current neo-liberal educational discourses and concepts including teacher professionalism, classroom management, school effectiveness, the exercise of "proper" consumer choice, and the market place of "at risk" students. The thesis re-situates the site of struggles away from the school, teachers, students andfor ERO per se, moving the focus to the narratives of the teachers, students, and ERO. A "post-structural ethnography" is built by combining some aspects of traditional ethnographic methodology with post-structural questions about meaning and historical specificity, moving beyond the ethnographic imperative of getting to the "real story" (Britzman 1995) into a new role of "making the familiar strange rather than the strange familiar" (Van Maanen 1995: 20). In particular Foucault's work on governmental power relations is used as an account of liberalism and neo-liberalism to problematise the current discursive framework in New Zealand education. The framework is explored as a "tricky combination in the same political structures of individualisation techniques and of totalisation procedures" (Foucault 1982: 2 13) and shows how Metro is inevitably a failing school.

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48

Henning, Theunis F. P. "The development of pavement deterioration models on the state highway network of New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/4236.

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This thesis presents the results of developing road pavement deterioration models for the State Highway network in New Zealand pavement deterioration models are an integral part of pavement management systems, which are used to forecast long-term maintenance needs and funding requirements on a road network. As part of this research, a Long-term Pavement Performance (LTPP) programme has been established on 63 sections of the State Highways. These sections are representative of typical road sections and climatic conditions on New Zealand roads. Data collection on these sections is undertaken on an annual basis and consists of high accuracy manual measurements. These measurements include road roughness, rutting, visual defect identification and strength testing with a Falling Weight Deflectometer. Based on the LTPP data, new model formats for New Zealand conditions were developed including a crack initiation model and a three-stage rut progression model. The rut progression model consists of three stages, initial densification, stable rut growth and a probabilistic model to predict accelerated rut progression. The continuous probabilistic model developed predicts the initiation of pavement failure events such as crack initiation and accelerated rutting. It has been found that this model type has a strong agreement with actual pavement behaviour as it recognises a distribution of failure on roads rather than failure occurring at an particular point in time, namely, a year. The modelling of rut progression in the three stages including, initial densification, stable rut progression and accelerated rutting has resulted in a significant increased understanding of this defect, especially for thin flexible chip seal pavements. It has been established that the in-service performance of these pavements is relatively predictable. However, incorporating both the in-service performance and the failure of pavements into one model was unrealistic. Therefore, by having the different stages of rutting, resulted into a more accurate forecasting of this defect. Although this research has covered the two priority pavement models including cracking and rutting prediction, it has established the model framework for other pavement models to be developed. As more data become available, further work can be undertaken to refine the models and to extend the research into the performance of alternative construction materials.

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Brulet, Benjmamin R. "Environmental change of the Waipaoa Watershed shown by marine sedimentary signals North Island, New Zealand /." 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03162009-151425/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Simpson, Mary. "Organisational transformations in the New Zealand retirement village sector a critical-rhetorical and-discursive analysis of promotion, community, and resident participation /." 2007. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20070719.171239/index.html.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'New Zealand State Homes'

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