Academic literature on the topic 'New Zealand landscape'
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Journal articles on the topic "New Zealand landscape"
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Tran, Duy, Diane Pearson, Alan Palmer, and David Gray. "Developing a Landscape Design Approach for the Sustainable Land Management of Hill Country Farms in New Zealand." Land 9, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9060185.
Full textAbstract:
Landscape modification associated with agricultural intensification has brought considerable challenges for the sustainable development of New Zealand hill country farms. Addressing these challenges requires an appropriate approach to support farmers and design a better landscape that can have beneficial environmental outcomes whilst ensuring continued profitability. In this paper we suggest using geodesign and theories drawn from landscape ecology to plan and design multifunctional landscapes that offer improved sustainability for hill country farm systems and landscapes in New Zealand. This approach suggests that better decisions can be made by considering the major landscape services that are, and could be, provided by the landscapes in which these farm systems are situated. These important services should be included in future landscape design of hill country by creating a patterning and configuration of landscape features that actively maintains or restores important landscape functioning. This will help to improve landscape health and promote landscape resilience in the face of climate change. Through illustrating the potential of this type of approach for wider adoption we believe that the proposed conceptual framework offers a valuable reference for sustainable farm system design that can make an important contribution to advancing environmental management globally as well as in New Zealand.
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Migoń, Piotr. "New Zealand landscape. Behind the scene." Geologos 25, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2019-0009.
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HOLLAND, PETER. "Poetry and Landscape in New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geography 92, no. 1 (May 15, 2008): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0028-8292.1991.tb00294.x.
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Brown, P., and C. Mortimer. "Econometric Analysis of Landscape Preferences in Canterbury, New Zealand." Economics Research International 2014 (August 17, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/259471.
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The landscape of rural Canterbury, New Zealand, has evolved from tussock grasslands to one of the most productive dairying areas in the world. While these changes represent a boon for Canterbury’s economy, the visual impact of land-use change has been dramatic. In this paper, we evaluate which changes to the Canterbury landscape have been most pronounced, how people react to those changes, which aspects of the rural landscape are of greatest importance to both urban and rural residents of Canterbury, and whether cost-effective means of mitigating visual changes to the landscape exist. We find that the majority of Cantabrians hold unfavourable views of recent changes to the landscape—particularly with regard to dairying—a finding that is consistent across both urban and rural survey respondents. Using a visual assessment study with cross-classified random effect, we find that dairy cows, irrigators, and silage bales significantly reduce viewers’ subjective evaluations of landscapes while shelterbelts dramatically increase their subjective evaluations. Moreover, native New Zealand shelterbelts are preferred to exotic shelterbelts, but both are preferred to having no shelterbelts, suggesting that the negative visual impacts of dairy farming may be ameliorated by intensified tree planting.
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Schultz, Marianne. "Moving with the Times: The Wellington New Dance Group." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 39, S1 (2007): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2049125500000303.
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This paper explores the founding of the New Dance Group in Wellington, New Zealand, in 1945. The New Dance Group introduced radical ideas about dance, art, music, politics, and physical education to New Zealand. This paper examines the influence that American and European dance and physical education had on New Zealand's physical and artistic expression and places the introduction of modern dance within the social and cultural landscape of immediate the post—World War II period in New Zealand.
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Kuzma, Julian. "New Zealand Landscape and Literature, 1890-1925." Environment and History 9, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096734003129342935.
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Trundle, C. "Medical Anthropology in Aotearoa New Zealand: A Thoughtpiece." Health, Culture and Society 9 (December 8, 2017): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2017.241.
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In considering what makes New Zealand unique for medical anthropological focus, this think piece sets out four themes. These reflect New Zealand’s particular historical, political, social and cultural landscape, and reveal the relevance of local scholarship for wider global debates about health. By tracing the neoliberal reform of state healthcare, indigenous approaches to wellbeing, local cultural practices of health, and the complex ethics involved in health and illness, this paper spotlights the opportunities that New Zealand medical anthropology affords us for addressing the important health and wellbeing challenges that we face today.
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Mitchell, W. J. T. "Reframing Landscape." ARTMargins 10, no. 1 (February 2021): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00281.
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Abstract “Reframing Landscape” explores three distinct landscapes that have been decisively impacted by conquest and colonization, reframed by three artistic interventions: painting, photography, and sculpture. August Earle shows us the de-forested landscape of 19th century New Zealand, still guarded by a Maori totem; Miki Kratsman photographs a wall mural in occupied Palestine that erases the presence of indigeneous people; and Antony Gormley anticipates the clearing of Manhattan by a pandemic in whirlwind of metal. Real spaces and places are converted into landscapes of attention into what has been lost and what is to come.
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Brook, Martin. "Landscape and quaternary environmental change in New Zealand." New Zealand Geographer 73, no. 3 (December 2017): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nzg.12177.
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Nicol, A. "Landscape history of the Marlborough Sounds, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 54, no. 2 (June 2011): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.2010.523079.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "New Zealand landscape"
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Carr, Anna M., and acarr@business otago ac nz. "Interpreting culture: visitors' experiences of cultural landscape in New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.150326.
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This thesis examines visitors' awareness and experiences of cultural values for natural areas of importance to Maori. The South Island/Te Wai Pounamu contains natural landscapes with scenic and recreational values that attract large numbers of domestic and international visitors. Many of these areas have a cultural significance for members of the South Island's Ngai Tahu iwi and hapu groups. The Ngai Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 legally recognised the traditional relationships between the iwi and the natural world, whilst other Acts of Parliament provide direction to government agencies for encouraging iwi involvement in the management of natural resources. Measures include increased participation in the management of national parks through iwi representation on regional conservation boards, the New Zealand Conservation Authority, and the inclusion of Ngai Tahu values within subsequent national park management plans.
National park interpretation may influence visitors' awareness of cultural values for natural areas as visitors encounter information panels, displays, publications such as visitor guides or brochures, experience guided tours and/or audiovisual shows and view other interpretive medium. The researcher investigated visitors' awareness of Maori values for landscape at three South Island case study sites: Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, Fiordland National Park, and Lake Pukaki. An understanding of the Ngai Tahu values for these areas was achieved through site visits, a literature review and informal interviews to enable comparisons of the management history of interpretation at the case study sites. Visitors' experiences at each site were explored with interviews, participant observations and a survey that provided qualitative and quantitative data. The survey was administered between January and April 2000 to 716 visitors, yielding 472 valid returns (65.9%).
A comprehensive profile of visitors' demographics, social and environmental values was developed from the survey data. Visitors were well educated with 70% having a tertiary education and the majority of visitors were employed in professional occupations. When asked about their previous experiences of other cultures, many visitors reported prior encounters with Australian Aborigine and Native Americans. Visitors considered Rotorua and the Bay of Islands as the locations most closely associated with Maori whereas the study sites were not regarded as significant to Maori, despite the presence of on-site interpretation conveying Maori values for each area. Maori culture was not an important travel motivation for most visitors to these areas and the research revealed diverse reactions from the survey respondents towards cultural interpretive material. Despite this a small percentage of visitors (14%), of domestic and international origins, had an extremely strong interest in future opportunities to experience cultural interpretation of the landscape, particularly in material that tended towards the narrative, for example mythology and legends.
It was concluded that a niche demand for Maori perspectives of natural areas could be further met with increased resources for interpretation at visitor centres. It was also proposed that such interpretation could attract a Maori audience, increasing Maori visitation to national parks. The participation of Maori and other host community members in the development and delivery of cultural landscape interpretation would provide broad perspectives and unique educational opportunities for the visiting public. At the case study areas, and throughout New Zealand, the cultural landscapes encountered by visitors had complex and diverse meanings to a wide range of peoples, depending on individual circumstances. Similarly, the diversity of visitors requires the development of interpretation which responds to visitor demand as well as management needs, the multitude of meanings for the landscape being but one of many possible themes.
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de, Zwart Eykolina Jacoba. "Possum resource selection in a fragmented landscape, Cass, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8566.
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This study presents the results of an investigation to determine the resources utilised by possums in a spatially heterogeneous landscape in the Canterbury high country. The study area comprised a mosaic of forest, scrub, shrubland, grassland and swamp at the University of Canterbury field station at Cass, inland Canterbury.
The vegetation communities at Cass were originally divided into seven different categories based on species composition. These areas are referred to as the swamp, grassland, shrubland, scrub1, scrub 2, native forest, and exotic forest. Communities were classified using two multivariate techniques; TWINSPAN and Detrended correspondence analysis. A vegetation map of Cass was produced using ground survey and aerial maps, and displayed the extent and coverage of vegetation communities. These vegetation communities reflect the influence of burning and farming. The study area comprises c. 195 ha.
The overall possum density was low, with approximately one possum per hectare. This result may be due to resources that possums need for survival, being deficient in the area.
Possum movements were investigated by radio-collaring six female possums and six male possums at Cass. These possums were radio-tracked six times during a period of ten months, with each radio-tracking session undertaken for a period of three consecutive nights. The data collected were used to derive individual home ranges using Minimum Convex Polygon and Kernel home range estimates. There was no statistically significant difference between female and male home ranges at Cass. No seasonal difference in possum home range was detected, although other possum home range studies have found seasonal differences. There were too few den site location areas to enable accurate information concerning seasonal variation of den sites. Possums had relatively large home ranges, which probably result from a low possum density in the areas, as well as spatial heterogeneity of key resources. Nine possums showed some degree of home range overlap, but there did not appear to be any difference between females and males with respect to this. Sixty percent of the possums studied exhibited bimodal home ranging behaviour. Bimodal behaviour almost certainly results from the spatial heterogeneity of key resources, with possums having to travel long distances in order to use all the resources.
Possum diet was assessed using a point sampling technique, which identifyied all ingested stomach material greater than 3mm, at four times through 2001. There was no statistical difference between female and male diet, or between juvenile and adult diet. Thirty-eight different food items were consumed by possums over the study period, with four dominant food items that comprised of 50% of their diet (Aristotelia fruticosa, fungi, Podocarpus nivalis, and Blechnum penna-marina).
Due to the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation communities at the Cass study area, possums utilised the different habitats non-randomly, preferring the scrub and forest communities.
Possum management is not currently needed at Cass, although in the future, if possum density increases than management options should be reassessed in order to minimise possum impact.
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Gallagher, Jasmine Mary. "Pakeha poetics : a socio-historical study of pakeha landscape mythology." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10058.
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Many Pakeha beliefs are embodied in the value and meanings they have ascribed to the New Zealand landscape. These mythologies of physical space have functioned to help Pakeha construct a collective identity and to make sense of their place in the world. Painting the landscape in the cultural imagination in a number of diverse ways, from Arcadia to harsh wasteland, has functioned to help justify and explain the place of Pakeha in Maori homeland: imagining New Zealand as home meant that these myths fostered a feeling of belonging. Consequently, cultural criticism has revealed the hypocritical, sentimental and destructive nature of such myths, particularly with regards to the ongoing legacy of colonialism. However, the deconstruction of myth cannot provide a foundation for future cultural criticism to engage with. The cynicism fostered by demolishing collective mythologies requires a new form of critique. This means that a return to sincere belief is called for in the post-secular moment: a form of atheistic belief in the most radically creative aspects of Pakeha landscape mythology is thus crucial to the critique of its most totalitarian and destructive ones.
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Bowring, Jacky. "Institutionalising the picturesque: the discourse of the New Zealand Institute of Landscape Architects." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/667.
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Despite its origins in England two hundred years ago, the picturesque continues to influence landscape architectural practice in late twentieth-century New Zealand. The evidence for this is derived from a close reading of the published discourse of the New Zealand Institute of Landscape Architects, particularly the now defunct professional journal, The Landscape. Through conceptualising the picturesque as a language, a model is developed which provides a framework for recording the survey results. The way in which the picturesque persists as naturalised conventions in the discourse is expressed as four landscape myths. Through extending the metaphor of language, pidgins and creoles provide an analogy for the introduction and development of the picturesque in New Zealand. Some implications for theory, practice and education follow.
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Miller, Craig J. "Conservation ecology of riparian forest within the agricultural landscape: West Coast, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Forestry, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4801.
Full textAbstract:
This study seeks to determine the spatial extent and characteristics of riparian forest on the South Island's West Coast, and to examine the ecological status and condition of riparian forest patches within the West Coast's agricultural landscape. The majority of West Coast riparian forest occurs on south Westland floodplains. Further north these forests were found to comprise <20% of the vegetation cover in 16/27 of the region's Ecological Districts. Today >80 000 ha (53%) of the floodplains are in pasture, and <1% of the farmed areas are in indigenous forest. Remaining forests on the farmed floodplains are comprised of many small patches (mean size 3.7 ± 0.3 ha), with only 13 patches 9 ha.
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Hughes, Matthew William. "Late Quaternary Landscape Evolution and Environmental Change in Charwell Basin, South Island, New Zealand." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, 2008. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080214.132530/.
Full textAbstract:
Charwell Basin is a 6 km-wide structural depression situated at the boundary between the axial ranges and faulted and folded Marlborough Fault Zone of north-eastern South Island, New Zealand. The basin contains the piedmont reach of the Charwell River, and a series of late Quaternary loess-mantled alluvial terraces and terrace remnants that have been uplifted and translocated from their sediment source due to strike-slip motion along the Hope Fault which bounds the basin to its immediate north. The aim of this study was to provide an interdisciplinary, integrated and holistic analysis of late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin using terrain analysis, loess stratigraphy, soil chemistry and paleoecological data. The study contributes new understanding of New Zealand landscape and ecosystem responses to regional and global climatic change extending to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, and shows that climatically-forced shifts in biogeomorphic processes play a significant role in lowland landscape evolution.
Morphometric analysis of alluvial terraces and terrace remnants of increasing age demonstrated geomorphic evolution through time, with a decrease in extent of original planar terrace tread morphology and an increase in frequency of steeper slopes and convexo-concave land elements. Paleotopographic analysis of a >150 ka terrace mantled by up to three loess sheets revealed multiple episodes of alluvial aggradation and degradation and, subsequent to river abandonment, gully incision prior to and coeval with loess accumulation. Spatial heterogeneity in loess sheet preservation showed a complex history of loess accumulation and erosion. A critical profile curvature range of -0.005 to -0.014 (d2z/dx2, m-1) for loess erosion derived from a model parameterised in different ways successfully predicted loess occurrence on adjacent slope elements, but incorrectly predicted loess occurrence on an older terrace remnant from which all loess has been eroded. Future analyses incorporating planform curvature, regolith erosivity and other landform parameters may improve identification of thresholds controlling loess occurrence in Charwell Basin and in other South Island landscapes.
A loess chronostratigraphic framework was developed for, and pedogenic phases identified in, the three loess sheets mantling the >150 ka terrace. Except for one age, infrared-stimulated luminescence dates from both an upbuilding interfluve loess exposure and colluvial gully infill underestimated loess age with respect to the widespread Kawakawa/Oruanui Tephra (KOT; 27,097 ± 957 cal. yr BP), highlighting the need for improvements in the methodology. Onset of loess sheet 1 accumulation started at ca. 50 ka, with a break at ca. 27 ka corresponding to the extended Last Glacial Maximum (eLGM) interstadial identified elsewhere in New Zealand. Loess accumulation through MIS 3 indicates a regional loess flux, and that glaciation was not a necessary condition for loess generation in South Island. Loess accumulation and local alluvial aggradation are decoupled: the youngest aggradation event only covers ~12 kyr of the period of loess sheet 1 accumulation. Older local aggradation episodes could not be the source because their associated terraces are mantled by loess sheet 1. In the absence of numerical ages, the timing of L2 and L3 accumulation is inferred on the basis of an offshore clastic sediment record. The upbuilding phase of loess sheet 2 occurred in late MIS 5a/MIS 4, and loess sheet 3 accumulated in two phases in MIS 5b and late MIS 6.
Biogenic silica data were used to reconstruct broad shifts in vegetation and changes in gully soil saturation status. During interglacial/interstadial periods (MIS 1, early MIS 3, MIS 5) Nothofagus¬-dominated forest covered the area in association with Microlaena spp grasses. Lowering of treeline altitude during glacial/stadial periods (MIS 2, MIS 3, MIS 5b, late MIS 6) led to reduction in forest cover and a mosaic of shrubs and Chionochloa spp, Festuca spp and Poa spp tussock grasses. Comparison of interfluve and gully records showed spatial heterogeneity in vegetation cover possibly related to environmental gradients of exposure or soil moisture. A post-KOT peak in gully tree phytoliths corresponds to the eLGM interstadial, and a shift to grass-dominated vegetation occurred during the LGM sensu stricto. Diatoms indicated the site became considerably wetter from ca. 36 ka, with peak wetness at ca. 30, 25 and 21 ka, possibly due to reduced evapotranspiration and/or increased precipitation from a combination of strengthened westerly winds and increased cloudiness, or strengthened southerly flow and increased precipitation. Human influence after ca. 750 yr BP led to re-establishment of grassland in the area, which deposited phytoliths mixed to 30 cm depth in the soil.
A coupled gully colluvial infilling/vegetation record showed that sediment flux during the late Pleistocene was ~0.0019 m3 m-1 yr-1 under a shrubland/grassland mosaic, and Holocene sediment flux was ~0.0034 m3 m-1 yr-1 under forest. This increase of 60% through the last glacial-interglacial transition resulted from increased bioturbation and down-slope soil transport via root growth and treethrow, which formed a biomantle as evidenced by slope redistribution of the KOT. These results contrast with sediment transport rates and processes hypothesised to occur contemporaneously in adjacent mountain catchments. This suggests that intraregional biogeomorphic processes can differ significantly depending on topography and geological substrate, with different landscapes responding in unique ways to the same climate shifts. Analysis of Quaternary terrestrial landscape evolution in non-glaciated mountainous and lowland areas must therefore consider spatial and temporal heterogeneity in sediment fluxes and underlying transport processes.
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Hughes, Matthew W. "Late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin, South Island, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/305.
Full textAbstract:
Charwell Basin is a 6 km-wide structural depression situated at the boundary between the axial ranges and faulted and folded Marlborough Fault Zone of north-eastern South Island, New Zealand. The basin contains the piedmont reach of the Charwell River, and a series of late Quaternary loess-mantled alluvial terraces and terrace remnants that have been uplifted and translocated from their sediment source due to strike-slip motion along the Hope Fault which bounds the basin to its immediate north. The aim of this study was to provide an interdisciplinary, integrated and holistic analysis of late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin using terrain analysis, loess stratigraphy, soil chemistry and paleoecological data. The study contributes new understanding of New Zealand landscape and ecosystem responses to regional and global climatic change extending to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, and shows that climatically-forced shifts in biogeomorphic processes play a significant role in lowland landscape evolution. Morphometric analysis of alluvial terraces and terrace remnants of increasing age demonstrated geomorphic evolution through time, with a decrease in extent of original planar terrace tread morphology and an increase in frequency of steeper slopes and convexo-concave land elements. Paleotopographic analysis of a >150 ka terrace mantled by up to three loess sheets revealed multiple episodes of alluvial aggradation and degradation and, subsequent to river abandonment, gully incision prior to and coeval with loess accumulation. Spatial heterogeneity in loess sheet preservation showed a complex history of loess accumulation and erosion. A critical profile curvature range of -0.005 to -0.014 (d²z/dx², m⁻¹) for loess erosion derived from a model parameterised in different ways successfully predicted loess occurrence on adjacent slope elements, but incorrectly predicted loess occurrence on an older terrace remnant from which all loess has been eroded. Future analyses incorporating planform curvature, regolith erosivity and other landform parameters may improve identification of thresholds controlling loess occurrence in Charwell Basin and in other South Island landscapes. A loess chronostratigraphic framework was developed for, and pedogenic phases identified in, the three loess sheets mantling the >150 ka terrace. Except for one age, infrared-stimulated luminescence dates from both an upbuilding interfluve loess exposure and colluvial gully infill underestimated loess age with respect to the widespread Kawakawa/Oruanui Tephra (KOT; 27,097 ± 957 cal. yr BP), highlighting the need for improvements in the methodology. Onset of loess sheet 1 accumulation started at ca. 50 ka, with a break at ca. 27 ka corresponding to the extended Last Glacial Maximum (eLGM) interstadial identified elsewhere in New Zealand. Loess accumulation through MIS 3 indicates a regional loess flux, and that glaciation was not a necessary condition for loess generation in South Island. Loess accumulation and local alluvial aggradation are decoupled: the youngest aggradation event only covers ~12 kyr of the period of loess sheet 1 accumulation. Older local aggradation episodes could not be the source because their associated terraces are mantled by loess sheet 1. In the absence of numerical ages, the timing of L2 and L3 accumulation is inferred on the basis of an offshore clastic sediment record. The upbuilding phase of loess sheet 2 occurred in late MIS 5a/MIS 4, and loess sheet 3 accumulated in two phases in MIS 5b and late MIS 6. Biogenic silica data were used to reconstruct broad shifts in vegetation and changes in gully soil saturation status. During interglacial/interstadial periods (MIS 1, early MIS 3, MIS 5) Nothofagus-dominated forest covered the area in association with Microlaena spp grasses. Lowering of treeline altitude during glacial/stadial periods (MIS 2, MIS 3, MIS 5b, late MIS 6) led to reduction in forest cover and a mosaic of shrubs and Chionochloa spp, Festuca spp and Poa spp tussock grasses. Comparison of interfluve and gully records showed spatial heterogeneity in vegetation cover possibly related to environmental gradients of exposure or soil moisture. A post-KOT peak in gully tree phytoliths corresponds to the eLGM interstadial, and a shift to grass-dominated vegetation occurred during the LGM sensu stricto. Diatoms indicated the site became considerably wetter from ca. 36 ka, with peak wetness at ca. 30, 25 and 21 ka, possibly due to reduced evapotranspiration and/or increased precipitation from a combination of strengthened westerly winds and increased cloudiness, or strengthened southerly flow and increased precipitation. Human influence after ca. 750 yr BP led to re-establishment of grassland in the area, which deposited phytoliths mixed to 30 cm depth in the soil. A coupled gully colluvial infilling/vegetation record showed that sediment flux during the late Pleistocene was ~0.0019 m³ m⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under a shrubland/grassland mosaic, and Holocene sediment flux was ~0.0034 m³ m⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under forest. This increase of 60% through the last glacial-interglacial transition resulted from increased bioturbation and down-slope soil transport via root growth and treethrow, which formed a biomantle as evidenced by slope redistribution of the KOT. These results contrast with sediment transport rates and processes hypothesised to occur contemporaneously in adjacent mountain catchments. This suggests that intraregional biogeomorphic processes can differ significantly depending on topography and geological substrate, with different landscapes responding in unique ways to the same climate shifts. Analysis of Quaternary terrestrial landscape evolution in non-glaciated mountainous and lowland areas must therefore consider spatial and temporal heterogeneity in sediment fluxes and underlying transport processes.
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Read, Marion. "The 'construction' of landscape : a case study of the Otago Peninsula, Aotearoa / New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1604.
Full textAbstract:
This project has sought to answer the question 'How is landscape made?’ by examining the landscape of the Otago Peninsula on the east coast of the South Island of Aotearoa/New Zealand. By taking a social constructionist approach, an in depth case study has been completed using ethnographic methods combined with discourse analysis. The theoretical framework adopted led to the research question being refined and divided into two parts. The first seeks to determine the discourses that construct the landscape of the Otago Peninsula. Those identified include discourses of Mana Whenua, agriculture, environmentalism, gardening, heritage, neo-liberalism and the picturesque. These discourses interact and resist one another through networks of power. Thus the second part of the research question seeks to understand these networks and the distributions of power through them. The agricultural discourse is the most powerful, albeit under strong challenge from the environmental discourse and from the impacts of neo-liberalism. Mana Whenua discourses have gained significant power in recent decades, but their influence is tenuous. The picturesque discourse has significant power and has been utilised as a key tool in District planning in the area. Thus, the landscape is seen to be made by the dynamic interactions of discourses. This has two consequences, the first, an emphasising of the dynamism of the landscape - it is a process which is under constant flux as a consequence of both the human interactions with and within it, and the biophysical processes which continue outside of human ken. The second consequence is to stress that the landscape is not a unitary object and that this needs to be recognised in the formulation of policy and landscape management.
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Pedley, Katherine Louise. "Modelling Submarine Landscape Evolution in Response to Subduction Processes, Northern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4648.
Full textAbstract:
The steep forearc slope along the northern sector of the obliquely convergent Hikurangi subduction zone is characteristic of non-accretionary and tectonically eroding continental margins, with reduced sediment supply in the trench relative to further south, and the presence of seamount relief on the Hikurangi Plateau. These seamounts influence the subduction process and the structurally-driven geomorphic development of the over-riding margin of the Australian Plate frontal wedge.
The Poverty Indentation represents an unusual, especially challenging and therefore exciting location to investigate the tectonic and eustatic effects on this sedimentary system because of: (i) the geometry and obliquity of the subducting seamounts; (ii) the influence of multiple repeated seamount impacts; (iii) the effects of structurally-driven over-steeping and associated widespread occurrence of gravitational collapse and mass movements; and (iv) the development of a large canyon system down the axis of the indentation. High quality bathymetric and backscatter images of the Poverty Indentation submarine re-entrant across the northern part of the Hikurangi margin were obtained by scientists from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) (Lewis, 2001) using a SIMRAD EM300 multibeam swath-mapping system, hull-mounted on NIWA’s research vessel Tangaroa. The entire accretionary slope of the re-entrant was mapped, at depths ranging from 100 to 3500 metres. The level of seafloor morphologic resolution is comparable with some of the most detailed Digital Elevation Maps (DEM) onshore. The detailed digital swath images are complemented by the availability of excellent high-quality processed multi-channel seismic reflection data, single channel high-resolution 3.5 kHz seismic reflection data, as well as core samples. Combined, these data support this study of the complex interactions of tectonic deformation with slope sedimentary processes and slope submarine geomorphic evolution at a convergent margin.
The origin of the Poverty Indentation, on the inboard trench-slope at the transition from the northern to central sectors of the Hikurangi margin, is attributed to multiple seamount impacts over the last c. 2 Myr period. This has been accompanied by canyon incision, thrust fault propagation into the trench fill, and numerous large-scale gravitational collapse structures with multiple debris flow and avalanche deposits ranging in down-slope length from a few hundred metres to more than 40 km. The indentation is directly offshore of the Waipaoa River which is currently estimated to have a high sediment yield into the marine system. The indentation is recognised as the “Sink” for sediments derived from the Waipaoa River catchment, one of two target river systems chosen for the US National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded MARGINS “Source-to-Sink” initiative. The Poverty Canyon stretches 70 km from the continental shelf edge directly offshore from the Waipaoa to the trench floor, incising into the axis of the indentation. The sediment delivered to the margin from the Waipaoa catchment and elsewhere during sea-level high-stands, including the Holocene, has remained largely trapped in a large depocentre on the Poverty shelf, while during low-stand cycles, sediment bypassed the shelf to develop a prograding clinoform sequence out onto the upper slope. The formation of the indentation and the development of the upper branches of the Poverty Canyon system have led to the progressive removal of a substantial part of this prograding wedge by mass movements and gully incision. Sediment has also accumulated in the head of the Poverty Canyon and episodic mass flows contribute significantly to continued modification of the indentation by driving canyon incision and triggering instability in the adjacent slopes.
Prograding clinoforms lying seaward of active faults beneath the shelf, and overlying a buried inactive thrust system beneath the upper slope, reveal a history of deformation accompanied by the creation of accommodation space. There is some more recent activity on shelf faults (i.e. Lachlan Fault) and at the transition into the lower margin, but reduced (~2 %) or no evidence of recent deformation for the majority of the upper to mid-slope. This is in contrast to current activity (approximately 24 to 47% shortening) across the lower slope and frontal wedge regions of the indentation. The middle to lower Poverty Canyon represents a structural transition zone within the indentation coincident with the indentation axis. The lower to mid-slope south of the canyon conforms more closely to a classic accretionary slope deformation style with a series of east-facing thrust-propagated asymmetric anticlines separated by early-stage slope basins. North of the canyon system, sediment starvation and seamount impact has resulted in frontal tectonic erosion associated with the development of an over-steepened lower to mid-slope margin, fault reactivation and structural inversion and over-printing.
Evidence points to at least three main seamount subduction events within the Poverty Indentation, each with different margin responses:
i) older substantial seamount impact that drove the first-order perturbation in the margin, since approximately ~1-2 Ma
ii) subducted seamount(s) now beneath Pantin and Paritu Ridge complexes, initially impacting on the margin approximately ~0.5 Ma, and
iii) incipient seamount subduction of the Puke Seamount at the current deformation front.
The overall geometry and geomorphology of the wider indentation appears to conform to the geometry accompanying the structure observed in sandbox models after the seamount has passed completely through the deformation front. The main morphological features correlating with sandbox models include: i) the axial re-entrant down which the Poverty Canyon now incises; ii) the re-establishment of an accretionary wedge to the south of the indentation axis, accompanied by out-stepping, deformation front propagation into the trench fill sequence, particularly towards the mouth of the canyon; iii) the linear north margin of the indentation with respect to the more arcuate shape of the southern accretionary wedge; and, iv) the set of faults cutting obliquely across the deformation front near the mouth of the canyon. Many of the observed structural and geomorphic features of the Poverty Indentation also correlate well both with other sediment-rich convergent margins where seamount subduction is prevalent particularly the Nankai and Sumatra margins, and the sediment-starved Costa Rican margin. While submarine canyon systems are certainly present on other convergent margins undergoing seamount subduction there appears to be no other documented shelf to trench extending canyon system developing in the axis of such a re-entrant, as is dominating the Poverty Indentation.
Ongoing modification of the Indentation appears to be driven by: i) continued smaller seamount impacts at the deformation front, and currently subducting beneath the mid-lower slope, ii) low and high sea-level stands accompanied by variations on sediment flux from the continental shelf, iii) over-steepening of the deformation front and mass movement, particularly from the shelf edge and upper slope.
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Bennett, E. R. "Fault growth and landscape development in Central Otago, New Zealand, using in situ cosmogenic isotopes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596565.
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Central Otago in New Zealand is a region dominated by late Tertiary NE trending anticlines which form above buried reverse faults. As the folds uplift, soft Tertiary sediments are rapidly eroded, exposing the underlying basement schist. At the base of the sedimentary cover there is patchy occurrence of hard silica cemented quartz-rich boulders which remain exposed on the schist surface after the overlying sediments are removed. 10Be and 26Al accumulate in the quartz within the boulders upon exposure to cosmic radiation. Cosmogenic dating of the boulders provides the means to conduct landscape evolution studies, and monitor the growth of the anticlines over the last 1-2 million years. At South Rough Ridge a consistent and coherent link is demonstrated between the cosmogenic dates and the tectonic geomorphology. This implies that boulders in Central Otago can reach 10Be concentrations equivalent to minimum ages of 660 ka or older without being saturated with respect to erosion. At Rough Ridge, which was expected to be older on geomorphic grounds, the 10Be concentrations of the boulders give even older ages of up to 1.4 Ma, demonstrating the very low maximum erosion rates experienced by these boulders of ~0.4 mm kyr-1. The best exposed and preserved occurrence of the quartz-rich boulders is on North Rough Ridge, where their suitability for cosmogenic exposure studies can be assessed. The stratigraphic context of the boulders, their sedimentary and diagenetic origin, together with their method of emplacement and preservation on the modern land surface, can be studied in detail. At Little Rough Ridge and Raggedy Range, the combined 10Be data and geomorphic studies suggest differing styles of fault growth for these two ranges.
Books on the topic "New Zealand landscape"
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Brown, Rob. New Zealand: The essential landscape. Nelson, N.Z: Craig Potton Pub., 2011.
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Popp, Verena. New Zealand journey. Nelson, N.Z: Craig Potton Publishing, 2008.
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Judd, Kevin. The landscape of New Zealand wine. Nelson, N.Z: Craig Potton Publishing, 2009.
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Lorrie, Lawrence, ed. The New Zealand garden. Auckland, N.Z: Viking Pacific, 1993.
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Gallery, Auckland City Art, ed. Two centuries of New Zealand landscape art. Auckland, N.Z: Auckland City Art Gallery, 1990.
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Shulmeister, James, ed. Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3.
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John, Sullivan David, ed. New Zealand spirit of the land. Auckland, N.Z: Lookaround Design, 2007.
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Jim, Barr, Barr Mary, New Zealand-United States Arts Foundation., and San Diego Museum of Art., eds. Pacific parallels: Artists and the landscape in New Zealand. Washington, D.C: New Zealand-United States Arts Foundation, 1991.
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Moment and memory: Photography in the New Zealand landscape. Nelson, N.Z: Craig Potton Publishing, 1998.
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Molloy, Les. The living mantle: Soils in the New Zealand landscape. Wellington, N.Z: Mallison Rendel in association with the New Zealand Society of Soil Science, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "New Zealand landscape"
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Nicol, A., H. Seebeck, and L. Wallace. "Quaternary Tectonics of New Zealand." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 1–34. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_1.
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Lorrey, A. M., and H. Bostock. "The Climate of New Zealand Through the Quaternary." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 67–139. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_3.
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Wood, Jamie, Janet Wilmshurst, Rewi Newnham, and Matt McGlone. "Evolution and Ecological Change During the New Zealand Quaternary." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 235–91. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_7.
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Shane, Phil. "The Southern End of the Pacific Ring of Fire: Quaternary Volcanism in New Zealand." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 35–66. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_2.
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Pillans, Brad. "Quaternary Stratigraphy of Whanganui Basin—A Globally Significant Archive." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 141–70. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_4.
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Shulmeister, James. "Blowing on the West Wind. The Most Recent Quaternary Glaciation of New Zealand." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 171–204. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_5.
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Davies, Timothy R. H. "Mountain Process Geomorphology: Conceptual Progress in the Southern Alps." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 205–33. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_6.
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Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth. "The Human Landscape: Population Origins, Settlement and Impact of Human Arrival in Aotearoa/New Zealand." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 293–311. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_8.
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Shulmeister, James, Timothy R. H. Davies, Helen Bostock, Heather Purdie, Andrew Nicol, Philip A. Shane, and Matt McGlone. "Adrift in the Anthropocene." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 313–34. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_9.
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Frost, Warwick, and Jennifer Frost. "Film tourism and a changing cultural landscape for New Zealand." In The Routledge Companion to Media and Tourism, 225–34. London; New York: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429430398-27.
Full textConference papers on the topic "New Zealand landscape"
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Harbert, Sarah A., Alison R. Duvall, Rebecca Flowers, Gregory E. Tucker, Phaedra Upton, and Paul B. O'Sullivan. "EXHUMATION, MOUNTAIN BUILDING, AND LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION ACROSS THE MARLBOROUGH FAULT SYSTEM, SOUTH ISLAND, NEW ZEALAND." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-321199.
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Melchiors, Lucia C., Xinxin Wang, and Matthew Bradbury. "A collaborative design studio approach to safeguard waterfront resilience in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zeland." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sxla6361.
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This paper discusses the potential of an interdisciplinary design studio to develop innovative thinking in response to the climatic and social challenges facing contemporary waterfront redevelopments. Climate change has a broad and growing range of environmental effects on coastal cities that demand urgent responses. The paper describes the development of a collaborative and interdisciplinary design studio that identified a number of design responses to meet the challenges of climate change. The studio brought together students and lecturers from architecture and landscape architecture along with relevant stakeholders (government agencies, practitioners, community) to collaborate on the redevelopment of the Onehunga Port in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand. Engagement with mana whenua (the indigenous people of specific areas of Aotearoa New Zealand) was critical. The students worked in teams to conduct critical research and design throughout a masterplanning design process. The outcomes of the studio included openended and propositional designs rather than the conventional masterplans. Students design work addressed complex problems, such as sea-level rise, to develop a more resilient urban future. Beyond the immediate objectives of the studio, the interdisciplinary collaboration demonstrated a range of benefits, including students learning to work in teams, sharing complementary views, broadening perspectives and increasing social awareness.
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Williams, Noah N., Benson G. Worthington, Samuel Hampton, and Darren Gravley. "RECONSTRUCTING THE GROWTH OF AN ANCIENT VOLCANO FROM ITS EROSIONAL LANDSCAPE USING GEOMORPHIC AND PETROLOGIC TECHNIQUES - AKAROA VOLCANIC COMPLEX, NEW ZEALAND." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284332.
Full textReports on the topic "New Zealand landscape"
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Langenkamp, Max, and Melissa Flagg. AI Hubs: Europe and CANZUK. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200061.
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U.S. policymakers need to understand the landscape of artificial intelligence talent and investment as AI becomes increasingly important to national and economic security. This knowledge is critical as leaders develop new alliances and work to curb China’s growing influence. As an initial effort, an earlier CSET report, “AI Hubs in the United States,” examined the domestic AI ecosystem by mapping where U.S. AI talent is produced, where it is concentrated, and where AI private equity funding goes. Given the global nature of the AI ecosystem and the importance of international talent flows, this paper looks for the centers of AI talent and investment in regions and countries that are key U.S. partners: Europe and the CANZUK countries (Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom).
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Tóth, Attila, and Richard T. Yao. Cultural Ecosystem Services and Water Quality Improvement provided by Forest Landscapes in New Zealand. Scientific Report. Scion, New Zealand & Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/2019.9780473480899.
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