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Journal articles on the topic 'New Zealand House of Representatives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Rodriguez Ferrere, M. B. "Standing orders in the New Zealand House of Representatives." Parliaments, Estates and Representation 34, no. 2 (July 3, 2014): 228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02606755.2014.952128.

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2

Jojic, Olja. "The form of questions in New Zealand House of Representatives." Nasledje, Kragujevac 14, no. 36 (2017): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/naslkg1736233j.

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3

Bvers, Michael. "New Zealand Court of Appeal: Judgment in Controller and Auditor–General V. Sir Ronald Dawson." International Legal Materials 36, no. 3 (May 1997): 721–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900016211.

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On February 16, 1996 the New Zealand Court of Appeal rendered judgment on three applications for judicial review arising out of what had come to be known in New Zealand as the “Winebox Inquiry”. The Inquiry began as the result of certain documents being tabled (in a winebox) before the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was alleged that the documents implicated several New Zealand companies in the evasion of New Zealand income tax by the use of the Cook Islands as a tax haven, and that the New Zealand Inland Revenue Department and Serious Fraud Office had been incompetent at the least in failing to detect and prevent the abuse.

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4

Clinch, Peter. "FLAG: The New Internet Gateway to Foreign Law Holdings in UK National and University Libraries." International Journal of Legal Information 31, no. 1 (2003): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500010325.

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Where in the UK can I locate the most extensive collection of the current legislation for the Cayman Islands?Which library has a comprehensive set of the World Trade Organisation International Trade Law Reports?Where can I find verbatim debates on bills as they pass through the New Zealand House of Representatives?Where are good collections of international environmental or commercial law?What are the opening hours and access conditions for a visiting researcher wishing to use the official publications collection of a particular major UK university?

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Clinch, Peter. "Flag The New Internet Gateway to Foreign Law Holdings in UK National and University Libraries." Legal Information Management 2, no. 4 (2002): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600001444.

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Where can I locate in the UK the most extensive collection of the current legislation for the Cayman Islands? Which library has a comprehensive set of the World Trade Organisation International Trade Law Reports? Where can I find verbatim debates on bills as they pass through the New Zealand House of Representatives? Where are good collections of international environmental or commercial law? What are the opening hours and access conditions for a visiting researcher wishing to use the official publications collection of a particular major UK university?

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6

Leopold, Patricia M. "Free speech in Parliament and the courts." Legal Studies 15, no. 2 (July 1995): 204–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1995.tb00059.x.

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The Privy Council decision in Prebble v Television New Zealand Ltd on parliamentary privilege in the New Zealand House of Representatives might at first sight seem to be of little concern to either the British courts or the Westminster parliament. However, the New Zealand parliament bases its freedom of speech on article 9 of the Bill of Rights 1688. Indeed the need to allow MPs to speak freely in proceedings in parliament without fear of legal action is accepted as a basic principle throughout the Commonwealth. It is perhaps surprising that there is relatively little English case law on the meaning of this article. This may be because as Lord Browne-Wilkinson observed in Prebble, article 9 is one manifestation of a wider principle, namely: ‘that the courts and Parliament are both astute to recognise their respective constitutional roles.

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7

Doevendans, Hans J. T., Nigel Peter Grigg, and Jane Goodyer. "Exploring Lean deployment in New Zealand apple pack-houses." Measuring Business Excellence 19, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-11-2014-0042.

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Purpose – This paper aims to present findings from a research project that investigated the suitability of Lean in a seasonal horticultural setting, specifically the New Zealand (NZ) apple and pear (pipfruit) industry. The paper focusses on improvements made while deploying Lean elements in several apple pack-houses. Design/methodology/approach – The literature review discusses how common theoretical Lean themes are not industry or contextually bound and may be transferable to other industries. An industry-wide survey assesses the current state of knowledge and Lean deployment within the industry using a unique “single-question-per-day” approach. Two case studies and one action research study are used to obtain rich data from organisations that have implemented Lean in recent times. Reliability and validity is achieved by selecting representative samples, using a case study protocol, a single researcher for consistency, participant verification, multiple sources of evidence within cases and replication logic. Findings – The industry survey shows a low level of knowledge and applied Lean within the industry. Data demonstrate that significant progress is made, using different implementation approaches that lead to a measurable increase of Lean, supported by some positive financial indicators. Research limitations/implications – This research is restricted to NZ apple pack-houses, but indicates that Lean can contribute significantly to general horticultural pack house performance. Originality/value – Literature research shows that little research has been done to study Lean in the horticultural field generally and in the NZ pipfruit industry specifically. This paper contributes to filling that knowledge gap.

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8

Parkinson, Phil. ""Strangers in the House": The Maori Language in Government and the Maori Language in Parliament 1840-1900." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 32, no. 3 (August 4, 2001): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v32i3.5874.

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The Treaty of Waitangi conferred upon Her Majesty's new subjects "all the rights andprivileges of British subjects" and that included, in theory, the right to be represented in the infantgovernment. In practice, however, the right of Maori to vote in elections was not taken seriouslyuntil 1858 and the presence of formally elected members in the House of Representatives was not achieved until August 1868. When they did speak in 1868 the first four Maori members spoke inMaori, and no adequate provision was made for the translation of their words, or for the words ofother members to be translated for them. The proceedings of the House were not printed in Maoriand the Maori members' speeches were not translated except when it suited the government of theday.Over the next few decades after 1868 there was only an irregular compliance with the standingorders of the House of Representatives and the Legislative Council that Bills and Acts be prepared inboth Maori and English for the better information of "Her Majesty's subjects of the Native Race".This study traces the extent of the use of the Maori language in the House and in the Council andpoints to a large number of extant Bills and Acts in Maori as well as to the large number whichhave not survived but which are referred to in the New Zealand parliamentary debates. These little-known texts deserve recognition as expressions of legislation in an indigenous tongue reflectingindigenous concerns but they have usually been disregarded in a European-dominated GeneralAssembly.

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9

Graham, Ruth. "The users of unparliamentary language in the New Zealand House of Representatives 1890 to 1950: A community of practice perspective." Journal of Pragmatics 149 (August 2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.05.025.

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10

Loginova, Irina. "Creating disorder." Journal of Language and Politics 14, no. 6 (December 31, 2015): 801–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.14.6.04log.

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This paper investigates the effect of an upcoming election on disorderly behaviour in two Houses of Representatives: that of the Australian Federal Parliament and that of the New Zealand Parliament. Two hypotheses are tested. The first hypothesis is that, notwithstanding their common origins in the Westminster parliamentary tradition, there are significant genrelectal differences in the way the two Houses respond to the impending election. The second hypothesis is that both will respond by becoming increasingly disorderly. The locus for measuring disorderly conduct is taken from the Wednesday parliamentary Question Time for the year 2007 in the case of Australia and 2008 in the case of New Zealand. All instances of disorderly conduct were tracked and a month-by-month measure was made of each kind of disorder as indicated by Standing Orders. All responses of the Speaker to disorder were also logged. The research shows that both hypotheses are corroborated.

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11

Williams, Brian D., and Indridi H. Indridason. "Luck of the Draw? Private Members’ Bills and the Electoral Connection." Political Science Research and Methods 6, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2017.13.

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The legislative agenda in most parliamentary systems is controlled tightly by the government and bills offered by individual members of parliament have low rates of success. Yet, members of parliament (MPs) do seek to present (private) members’ bills even where the rate of adoption is very low. We argue that members’ bills serve as an electoral connection but also as an opportunity for MPs to signal competence to their co-partisans. To demonstrate the presence of an electoral connection we take advantage of the random selection of private members’ bills in the New Zealand House of Representatives and show that survey respondents approve more of electorate MPs whose bills were drawn on the ballot. In addition, we show that MPs respond to the incentives created by the voters and parties’ willingness to reward legislative effort and, consequently, that electorally vulnerable legislators are more likely to place members’ bills on the ballot.

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12

Gibbons, Matthew. "Book Review: John E. Martin, The House: New Zealand’s House of Representatives 1854-2004 (Palmerston North: Dunmore Press, 2004), pp. 390, cloth $59.95." Political Science 56, no. 2 (December 2004): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003231870405600214.

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13

Levine, Stephen. "Book Review: Carol Rankin, Women and Parliament 1893-1993: 100 Years of Institutional Change (Wellington: Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives, 1993), pp. 48, $7.95. David Wilson and Carol Rankin, Tales of Two Contempts: Two Episodes from New Zealand’s Parliament in the Nineteenth Century (Wellington: Office of the Clerk of the House of Representatives, 1998), pp. 44, $8.95." Political Science 51, no. 2 (December 1999): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003231879905100216.

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14

French, L. J., M. J. Camilleri, N. P. Isaacs, and A. R. Pollard. "Temperatures and heating energy in New Zealand houses from a nationally representative study—HEEP." Energy and Buildings 39, no. 7 (July 2007): 770–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.02.004.

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15

Rogers, Chester B. "New Member Socialization in the House of Representatives." Congress & the Presidency 19, no. 1 (March 1992): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19441053.1992.11770795.

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16

Janet Ge, Xin. "Determinants of House Prices in New Zealand." Pacific Rim Property Research Journal 15, no. 1 (January 2009): 90–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14445921.2009.11104273.

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17

Fraser, Patricia, Martin Hoesli, and Lynn McAlevey. "House Prices and Bubbles in New Zealand." Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 37, no. 1 (July 20, 2007): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11146-007-9060-8.

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18

Fraser, Patricia, and Lynn McAlevey. "New Zealand regional house prices and macroeconomic shocks." Journal of Property Research 32, no. 4 (September 15, 2015): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09599916.2015.1083606.

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19

Searle, Jeremy B., Paul M. Jamieson, İslam Gündüz, Mark I. Stevens, Eleanor P. Jones, Chrissen E. C. Gemmill, and Carolyn M. King. "The diverse origins of New Zealand house mice." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1655 (September 30, 2008): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0959.

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Molecular markers and morphological characters can help infer the colonization history of organisms. A combination of mitochondrial (mt) d -loop DNA sequences, nuclear DNA data, external measurements and skull characteristics shows that house mice ( Mus musculus ) in New Zealand and its outlying islands are descended from very diverse sources. The predominant genome is Mus musculus domesticus (from western Europe), but Mus musculus musculus (from central Europe) and Mus musculus castaneus (from southern Asia) are also represented genetically. These subspecies have hybridized to produce combinations of musculus and domesticus nuclear DNA coupled with domesticus mtDNA, and castaneus or musculus mtDNA with domesticus nuclear DNA. The majority of the mice with domesticus mtDNA that we sampled had d -loop sequences identical to two haplotypes common in Britain. This is consistent with long-term British–New Zealand cultural linkages. The origins of the castaneus mtDNA sequences widespread in New Zealand are less easy to identify.

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20

Fife, Allan J. "A synopsis of the New Zealand representatives ofConostomum(Musci: Bartramiaceae)." New Zealand Journal of Botany 36, no. 4 (December 1998): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1998.9512598.

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21

Ruscoe, W. A. "Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: House mouse." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 31, no. 1 (March 2001): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2001.9517643.

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22

Gillies, Craig. "Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: House cat." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 31, no. 1 (March 2001): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2001.9517648.

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23

BEEVER, JESSICA E., and ALLAN J. FIFE. "A new species of Didymodon (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) and a key to New Zealand representatives of the genus." Phytotaxa 258, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.258.3.3.

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A new species of moss, Didymodon novae-zelandiae, is described and illustrated. A key is provided to the six New Zealand species of genus Didymodon, together with the single New Zealand species of the related genus Gymnostomum. The key distinguishing features of D. novae-zelandiae are its gymnostomous capsule with a mammillate operculum, and its diminutive size. This study is a contribution to the preparation of the eFlora of New Zealand, Mosses.

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24

Moloney, Janet, and Joanna MacDonald. "Psychiatric Training in New Zealand." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 1 (February 2000): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00688.x.

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Objective: The aims of this study were to develop a profile of current psychiatric trainees in New Zealand, to identify factors important in their recruitment to and retention in psychiatric training and to identify factors that predict failure to complete training. Method: A survey was sent to all current psychiatric trainees in New Zealand and to all trainees who could be traced who had left psychiatric training in New Zealand in the last 5 years without completing the Fellowship of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Results: General characteristics of the two groups are presented, as well as information about recruitment, burnout, general health and experiences of work and training. The only significant difference in general characteristics between the two groups was that more of those who had left training prematurely had been born overseas. The levels of family and personal mental illness were high, but there was no difference in these rates between those who had stayed in training and those who had left prematurely. Most trainees had decided to pursue a psychiatric career during their house-officer years. The most important factors determining the choice of a career in psychiatry were philosophical interest and house-officer experience in psychiatry. With respect to retention, despite high rates of burnout and psychological morbidity, and dissatisfaction with various aspects of the work setting, 94% of current trainees indicated satisfaction with their decision to train in psychiatry and over 90% intended to practise in New Zealand in the future. Most trainees who left training prematurely did so during the first 2 years of training. Dissatisfaction with work conditions, and stress or burnout were the main reasons for leaving. Conclusions: This study provides information on some of the complex determinants of psychiatric recruitment and retention in the New Zealand setting. Areas that could be addressed in order to improve recruitment, work satisfaction and retention in training are considered.

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25

Zhao, Linlin, Jasper Mbachu, and Huirong Zhang. "Forecasting residential building costs in New Zealand using a univariate approach." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 11 (January 1, 2019): 184797901988006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847979019880061.

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Construction cost index has been widely used to prepare cost estimates, budgets, and bids for construction projects. It can also be regarded as an indicator of cost level, which makes it valuable to public authorities for understanding the conditions in the construction industry. Accurate forecasting of future construction cost index is essential for construction industry at both micro- and macro-level. To improve the accuracy of the cost forecasting, time series modeling techniques are adopted in this study. The performance of the exponential smoothing models and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for forecasting the building cost of five categories of residential building (one-story house, two-story house, town house, apartment, and retirement village building) in New Zealand is compared. Exponential smoothing models can produce more accurate forecasts for cost series of the one-story house and two-story house in New Zealand, while seasonal ARIMA models outperform exponential smoothing models across the cost series for town house, apartment, and retirement village building. This study contributes toward the development of the current state of knowledge in the area of cost index forecasting for New Zealand and provides insights that should be valuable from the practitioner perspectives.

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Harp, Gillis J. "Patrician Partisans: New York in the House of Representatives, 1789-1803." Canadian Journal of History 29, no. 3 (December 1994): 479–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.29.3.479.

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27

Wade, Larry L., and John B. Gates. "A new tariff map of the United States (House of Representatives)." Political Geography Quarterly 9, no. 3 (July 1990): 284–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(90)90028-9.

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Fraser, Diane, Glenn Aguilar, William Nagle, Mel Galbraith, and Colin Ryall. "The House Crow (Corvus splendens): A Threat to New Zealand?" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 4, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 725–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4020725.

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29

Leggat, Peter A. "The house of Glass: studying occupational health in New Zealand." Medical Journal of Australia 159, no. 8 (October 1993): 547–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1993.tb138010.x.

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30

Walker, Paul. "Here and There: House and Nature in New Zealand Architecture." Fabrications 14, no. 1-2 (December 2004): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10331867.2004.10525192.

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31

Filippova, Olga, and Shanni Fu. "Time-On-Market and House Prices in Auckland, New Zealand." Pacific Rim Property Research Journal 17, no. 1 (January 2011): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14445921.2011.11104318.

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32

Flux, John E. C. "Comparison of predation by two suburban cats in New Zealand." European Journal of Ecology 3, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eje-2017-0009.

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AbstractTo study the effects domestic cats may have on surrounding wildlife, a complete list was made of 558 items caught in the garden or brought into the house by one cat over 17 years, from 1988 to 2005. The effect on prey populations was assessed by comparing their abundance with the previous 15 years’ population without a cat. On balance, this cat (Cat 1) was clearly beneficial to the native bird species by killing rodents and deterring mustelids. The diet of a second cat (Cat 2) was recorded in the same way from 2006 to 2016. This cat caught half the number of items 148:287, but in the same proportions: house mice (37.8:42.6); ship rats (12.8:12.1); European rabbits (all young) (8.1:6.7); weasels (0.7:0.4); dunnock (12.8:9.2); house sparrow (2.0:3.1); blackbird (2.7:2.5); song thrush (1.4:1.3); European greenfinch (0.7:5.8); chaffinch (0.7:3.3); silvereye (10.1:8.3); New Zealand fantail (2.0:1.0); lizards (8.1:1.7). Despite this, there were significant differences: Cat 2 avoided finches (2:28, P = 0.004), and took a few more lizards (12:5). For both cats, birds apparently formed about a third of their diet: 33.4% and 34.5%, but comparison of the proportion of birds and rodents brought into the house (12:92) and found dead away from the house (49:45) implies that 320 rodent kills may have been missed, being far more difficult to find. As top predators, these cats were clearly beneficial to native birds, and proposed control or elimination may precipitate mesopredator release and a rabbit problem.

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Farr, Donald. "The New Zealand Learning Representatives Project: an assessment of the pilot years." Journal of In-Service Education 34, no. 4 (December 2008): 513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674580802383496.

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Dowrick, D. J., D. A. Rhoades, J. Babor, and R. D. Beetham. "Damage ratios for houses and microzoning effects in Napier in the magnitude 7.8 Hawke's Bay, New Zealand earthquake of 1931." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 28, no. 2 (June 30, 1995): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.28.2.134-145.

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This paper describes the analysis of a large data base of actual costs of damage to houses in Napier in the magnitude Ms = 7.8 Hawke's Bay earthquake of 1931. This event occurred prior to the introduction of any earthquake design regulations in New Zealand. The town of Napier was sited over the source of this large shallow event, and therefore it may be presumed that it was subjected to about the strongest shaking likely to occur in an earthquake. Mean values and statistical distributions of damage ratios have been estimated for houses built on rock, on firm beach deposits, and on soft recent alluvium. This is the first time world-wide that a fully representative quantification of damage has been made for a zone of such strong earthquake shaking, for any class of construction, with or without quantification of microzoning effects. This study examines the damage to housing due to ground shaking and ground damage, and excludes the effects of earthquake-induced fires.

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WICKENS, K., I. MARTIN, N. PEARCE, P. FITZHARRIS, R. KENT, N. HOLBROOK, R. SIEBERS, S. SMITH, H. TRETHOWEN, and S. LEWIS. "House dust mite allergen levels in public places in New Zealand." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 99, no. 5 (May 1997): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-6749(97)70017-4.

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Masood, Rehan, James B. P. Lim, and Vicente A. González. "Performance of the supply chains for New Zealand prefabricated house-building." Sustainable Cities and Society 64 (January 2021): 102537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102537.

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Shi, Song, Martin Young, and Bob Hargreaves. "The ripple effect of local house price movements in New Zealand." Journal of Property Research 26, no. 1 (March 2009): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09599910903289880.

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McDevitt, James E., and Robert W. Allison. "ENVIRONMENTAL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF ANALOGOUS NEW ZEALAND ‘EXEMPLAR HOUSE’ DESIGNS." Journal of Green Building 8, no. 4 (September 2013): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.8.4.127.

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39

Recio, Mariano R. "Crowded house: nest sharing among solitary European hedgehogs in New Zealand." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 14, no. 4 (May 2016): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.1269.

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Shi, Song, Martin Young, and Bob Hargreaves. "Issues in measuring a monthly house price index in New Zealand." Journal of Housing Economics 18, no. 4 (December 2009): 336–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2009.06.001.

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Shi, Song, Martin Young, and Bob Hargreaves. "House Price–Volume Dynamics: Evidence from 12 Cities in New Zealand." Journal of Real Estate Research 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2010.12091266.

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42

Sicking, Louis. "Zuiderzeestädte an der Ostsee." Hansische Geschichtsblätter 134 (April 18, 2020): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/hgbll.2016.42.

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Zuiderzee towns in the Baltic. ‘Vitten’ and ‘Vögte’ – Space and urban representatives in late-medieval ScaniaThe Scania peninsula in the southwest of present-day Sweden was one of the most important trading centres of medieval Northern Europe due to the seasonal presence of immense swarms of herring which attracted large numbers of fishermen and traders. Streching back from the beach of Scania were the so-called vitten, which the traders, grouped by region or city, held as their own, legally autonomous trade settlements, from the Danish King. Initially, these were seasonal trading colonies that were occupied only for the duration of the fair, which began in August and ended in November. In the late Middle Ages the vitten developed into miniature towns, modest off-shoots from the traders‘ mother city. The presence on a small peninsula (c 50 km2) of so many fishermen and merchants who did business together and came from different cities could easily have led to tensions and conflict. What was the relationship between the spatial arrangement of the vitten at Scania and the urban representatives of the vitten, the so-called vögte or governors? This question is addressed by focusing on the vitten of the Zuiderzee towns. Their vitten, among which were numbered those of eastern Zuiderzee cities like Kampen and Zutphen as well as those of western cities like Amsterdam, Brielle and Zierikzee, were part of the Hanse. However, the vitten of these cities have been virtually neglected in historiography. The territorial or local-topographical development of these vitten was characterized by regional concentration: the Zuiderzee vitten were located close or adjacent to one another. The new vitten of Zierikzee and Amsterdam bordered on that of Kampen. Traders from cities and towns without their own vitte were housed in a vitte of a neighboring city: those of Deventer and Zwolle, for instance, in the vitte of Kampen, those of Enkhuizen and Wieringen in the Amsterdam vitte and those from Schouwen island in the vitte of Zierikzee. The vitten of the eastern Zuiderzee towns were founded at the beginning of the fourteenth century, that is on average half a century earlier than those of the western Zuiderzee towns. The count of Holland and Zealand initially appointed the Zierikzee vogt or governor for all his subjects. Later on, the cities in his counties then had their own governors, first appointed by the count, later by the city (with or without the count‘s approval). The development of the representation of Holland and Zeeland towns in Scania differs from what was characteristic of the eastern Zuiderzee towns. Neither the Count /Duke of Guelders nor the bishop of Utrecht (as overlord of the Oversticht) attempted to interfere with the individual towns‘ governors or the vitten. The trend towards territorialisation in Scania was unmistakable. Although foreign traders, by reason of their origins, were subject to the jurisdiction of their mother city (the personality principle), a fact reflected in the responsibility of the vogt for the citizens in question, they were also increasingly spatially limited in Scania. This was a consequence of the limited space available, of the pursuit of control over one’s own community, and of the goal of allowing different urban groups to live together peaceably, prevent conflicts and guarantee the conduct of international trade. In this way the vitten, in particular those of the Zuiderzee towns that were further away from their mother cities, can be understood as urban colonies overseas.

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Zhao, Linlin, Jasper Mbachu, and Zhansheng Liu. "Modelling Residential Building Costs in New Zealand: A Time-Series Transfer Function Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (January 27, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7028049.

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Cost estimating based on a building cost index plays an important role in project planning and cost management by providing accurate cost information. However, an effective method to predict the building cost index of New Zealand is lacking. This study proposes a transfer function method to improve the forecasting accuracy of the building cost index. In this study, the New Zealand house price index is included in the transfer function models as an explanatory variable to produce cost forecasts. The proposed method is used to estimate the building cost index of residential buildings including one-story houses, two-story houses, and town houses in New Zealand. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, this study compares the cost forecasts generated from the transfer function models and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. The results indicate that the proposed transfer function method can achieve better outcomes than ARIMA models by considering the time-lag causality between building costs and New Zealand house prices. The proposed method can be used by industry professionals as a practical tool to predict project costs and help the professionals to better capture the inherent relationships between cost and house prices.

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BOXALL, N. S., N. R. PERKINS, D. MARKS, B. JONES, S. G. FENWICK, and P. R. DAVIES. "Free Available Chlorine in Commercial Broiler Chicken Drinking Water in New Zealand." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 2164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.11.2164.

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Free available chlorine (FAC) concentrations in drinking water supplied to broiler chickens grown commercially in New Zealand were monitored for 11 farms in two companies. Different sites within a growout house were examined at different times of the day to determine spatial and temporal differences in FAC concentrations. Taps provided water with significantly higher FAC concentrations than did drinkers. There were no significant differences between the concentrations of FAC taken from various drinkers around the growout house. There were differences in the variations of measurements taken from the same drinker within a growout house at different times of the day, with variations increasing in the afternoon. No growout houses provided an average FAC content of 2 ppm, the suggested standard in one company. Three growout houses consistently met the chlorine concentration of 0.2 ppm suggested by the New Zealand Drinking Water Standards.

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SWAIN, JOHN W., STEPHEN A. BORRELLI, BRIAN C. REED, and SEAN F. EVANS. "A New Look at Turnover in the U.S. House of Representatives, 1789-1998." American Politics Quarterly 28, no. 4 (October 2000): 435–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x00028004001.

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Despite concern with turnover in the U.S. House of Representatives, few scholars have attempted to view turnover in historical perspective or in all its forms. Confusion over the basic facts has impeded attempts to explain and evaluate levels of turnover. We present a broad descriptive overview of turnover over the entire history of the U.S. House in terms of the levels of overall turnover, forms thereof, and patterns, particularly within party periods. The findings include that turnover has declined over the years but not in a continuous fashion and not evenly among the different forms, that general election defeat is not the primary form of turnover, that common methods of reporting turnover magnify the apparent importance of electorally based turnover, and that turnover varies systematically by party period. A research agenda is proposed for explanatory work on turnover including strategic retirement and the impact of partisan realignments on levels and forms of turnover.

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Darcy, R. "Position Effects in Multimember Districts: The New Hampshire House of Representatives, 1972-1994." Polity 30, no. 4 (June 1998): 691–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3235261.

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Widiarto, Aan Eko. "Ketidakpastian Hukum Kewenangan Lembaga Pembentuk Undang-Undang Akibat Pengabaian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi." Jurnal Konstitusi 12, no. 4 (May 20, 2016): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1244.

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The Indonesian House of Representatives and the President has established the Act Num. 17 Year 2014 on MPR, DPR, DPD, and the DPRD (Act MD3). The Act consists provisions that have been declared incompatible with the Constitution 1945 and does not have binding legal force by the Constitutional Court Decision Num. 92/PUU-X/2012. The result is a duality norm. The first norm is the norm authorizes the establishment of laws that have already been decided in the judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 92/PUU-X/2012. The second norm is the new norm about authority of making laws specified in the Act MD3. Both of norms are contrary, so in the implementation (rechtstoepassing), House of Representatives, and the President is faced with two choices provisions of legislation. DPD authority in making the draft law becomes blurred. Similarly for the House of Representatives and the President also no certainty authority in relationship with DPD in the act making process. Should the House of Representatives and the President uphold the principle of self respect or self obidence (the government should respect the decisions of the judiciary).

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Bui, Thao Thi Phuong, Suzanne Wilkinson, Niluka Domingo, and Casimir MacGregor. "Zero Carbon Building Practices in Aotearoa New Zealand." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154455.

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In the light of climate change, the drive for zero carbon buildings is known as one response to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Within New Zealand, research on climate change mitigation and environmental impacts of buildings has received renewed attention. However, there has been no detailed investigation of zero carbon building practices. This paper undertakes an exploratory study through the use of semi-structured interviews with government representatives and construction industry experts to examine how the New Zealand construction industry plans and implements zero carbon buildings. The results show that New Zealand’s construction industry is in the early stage of transiting to a net-zero carbon built environment. Key actions to date are focused on devising a way for the industry to develop and deliver zero carbon building projects. Central and local governments play a leading role in driving zero carbon initiatives. Leading construction firms intend to maximise the carbon reduction in building projects by developing a roadmap to achieve the carbon target by 2050 and rethinking the way of designing and constructing buildings. The research results provide an insight into the initial practices and policy implications for the uptake of zero carbon buildings in Aotearoa New Zealand.

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Brickell, C. "Iconographies of 'The House' and the Political Imagination in 1940s New Zealand." Journal of Design History 16, no. 4 (January 1, 2003): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jdh/16.4.291.

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Jacomb, Chris. "A fourteenth-century house from the Rakaia River Mouth, Canterbury, New Zealand." Archaeology in Oceania 40, no. 3 (October 2005): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1834-4453.2005.tb00595.x.

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