Journal articles: 'New York (City). Dept. of Parks'

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Reichl, Alexander. "Manufacturing Landmarks in New York City Parks." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 4 (April 7, 2015): 736–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144214566984.

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Recently, derelict artifacts of the industrial age such as railroad tracks and gantry cranes have emerged as prominent aesthetic features in New York City’s newest parks. This article documents and analyzes this new practice of historic preservation in three new parks, including the internationally acclaimed High Line. Socioeconomic data confirm that these industrial-themed parks exist in neighborhoods marked by dramatic postindustrial change. I argue that the trends are interrelated: that is, the injection of industrial remains into the city’s cultural and symbolic landscape not only represents the decline of the city’s industrial sector but also reinterprets and legitimizes this decline. The analysis highlights the political nature of historic preservation, which in this case helps nurture support for an elite-led postindustrial agenda in the face of recurring political challenges from progressives.

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SHIMADA, Chisato. "Lecture2: Revitalization efforts of New York City Parks." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 45, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.45.374_1.

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Kodali, Hanish P., Katarzyna E. Wyka, Sergio A. Costa, Kelly R. Evenson, Lorna E. Thorpe, and Terry T. K. Huang. "Association of Park Renovation With Park Use in New York City." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 4 (April 10, 2024): e241429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1429.

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ImportanceEquity-driven citywide park redesign and renovation, such as the Community Parks Initiative (CPI), has the potential to increase park use and opportunities for physical activity in underserved communities.ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in patterns of park use following park redesign and renovation in low-income New York City (NYC) neighborhoods.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces study was a prospective quality improvement preintervention-postintervention study design with matched control parks. Thirty-three intervention and 21 control neighborhood parks were selected based on specific criteria related to poverty rates, population growth, and population density in park neighborhoods and not having received more than $250 000 in investment in the past 2 decades. Data were collected at baseline (prerenovation) and 2 follow-up points (3 months and 1 year post renovation) between June 5 and December 4 from 2016 to 2022. Participants were individuals observed as users of study parks.InterventionThe CPI, which involved the redesign and renovation of neighborhood parks by the municipal government of New York City.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes encompassed park use and physical activity levels assessed using the well-validated System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities. Park use was quantified by total number of park users, categorized by age group (≤20 years vs ≥21 years), sex, and physical activity level (sitting or standing vs walking or vigorous activity). Changes in outcomes between groups were compared via the generalized estimation equation.ResultsA total of 28 322 park users were observed across 1458 scans. At baseline, 6343 of 10 633 users (59.7%) were 20 years or younger, 4927 of 10 632 (46.3%) were female and 5705 (53.7%) were male, and 4641 of 10 605 (43.8%) were sitting or standing. Intervention parks showed more net park users compared with control parks from baseline to the final follow-up (difference-in-difference relative rate ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.22-2.35] users/scan; P = .002). The association was driven by a significant increase in adult users at intervention parks and overall decrease in all users at control parks. Park users engaging in sitting or standing at intervention parks increased (difference, 4.68 [95% CI, 1.71-7.62] users/scan; P = .002) and park users engaging in walking or vigorous physical activity at control parks decreased (difference, −7.30 [95% CI, −10.80 to −4.26] users/scan; P &lt; .001) over time.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study, park redesign and renovation were positively associated with park use in low-income neighborhoods. However, park renovations may need to be accompanied by other programmatic strategies to increase physical activity.

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Wacker, Jill. "Sacred Panoramas: Walt Whitman and New York City Parks." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 12, no. 2 (October 1, 1994): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.13008/2153-3695.1437.

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Robertson, David. "Guidelines for Urban Forest RestorationNew York City Department of Parks & Recreation. 2014. New York, NY: NY City Parks. 150 pages." Ecological Restoration 34, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.34.3.265.

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Lu, Feng. "Research on the Performance and Enlightenment of New York Storm Surge Adaptive Landscape Infrastructure." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803026.

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In the context of global warming, the study of the resilient city and resilient landscape has received more and more attention. In this work, New York is used as an example to explore the practical applications of storm surge adaptive landscape infrastructure. The vulnerability of New York in storm surges and New York’s plans for resilient city construction are introduced. Then according to the spatial distribution, through field research, questionnaires and data integration, the landscape infrastructure cases of beaches, waterfront parks, inland parks, nature areas and streets are studied, and their performance in Sandy is analysed. After that, under the guidance of resilient city theories and storm surge adaptation strategies, the experience that can be learned from these cases is summarized.

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Gadomska, Wiesława. "PARKS ON NEW YORK ISLANDS – A NEW COMPONENT IN THE URBAN SPACE AND CITYSCAPE." Space&FORM 45 (March 30, 2021): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.45.d-01.

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This article raises the issue of setting up and developing urban parks on islands which are situated around New York’s borough of Manhattan. Among the principal consequences are an improved balance of developed green spaces in the city and the emergence of attractive public places with a variety of functions and high-quality design solutions. As for the urban landscape, interesting relations are created with respect to views of the unique silhouette of the city, and in particular of Manhattan.

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Elliott, Zetta. "The Trouble with Magic: Conjuring the Past in New York City Parks." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 5, no. 2 (December 2013): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.5.2.17.

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New York City parks serve as magical sites of discovery and recovery in speculative fiction for young readers, which has gone through a process of modernization, shifting from “universal” and “generic” narratives with repetitive features (derived from Western European folklore) to a sort of “specialization” that emphasizes the particular cultural practices and histories of racially diverse urban populations. Ruth Chew uses city spaces like the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and Prospect Park to engage young readers in the magical adventures of white, middle-class children. Zetta Elliott’s African American speculative novels A Wish After Midnight and Ship of Souls utilize these sites to reveal the complexity and ethnic diversity of urban youth while conjuring the suppressed history of free and enslaved blacks in New York City.

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Zhou, Liyang, Leonid Tsynman, Kamesan Kanapathipillai, Zahir Shah, and Waheed Bajwa. "Acarological Risk of Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme Disease Agent, in Staten Island, New York City." Arthropoda 2, no. 3 (July 15, 2024): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda2030014.

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Lyme disease, the leading vector-borne ailment in the U.S., annually affects an estimated 476,000 individuals, predominantly in the Northeast and Upper Midwest. Despite its increasing incidence, the evaluation of risk within U.S. cities, including natural public lands, remains inadequate. This study focuses on blacklegged tick occurrences and Borrelia burgdorferi infection prevalence in 24 Staten Island parks, aiming to assess Lyme disease exposure risk. Monthly acarological risk index (ARI) calculations from 2019 to 2022 revealed elevated values (0.16–0.53) in specific parks, notably Wolfe’s Pond Park, High Rock Park, Clay Pit Pond Park, Clove Lake Park, and Fair View Park. June (0.36) and November (0.21) consistently exhibited heightened ARIs, aligning with peak tick collection months. Despite stable yearly infection rates at 28.97%, tick densities varied significantly between parks and years. Identifying a high transmission risk in specific parks in Staten Island, a highly urbanized part of New York City, emphasizes the continuous necessity for Lyme disease risk management, even within the greenspaces of large cities.

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Plunz, Richard A., Yijia Zhou, Maria Isabel Carrasco Vintimilla, Kathleen Mckeown, Tao Yu, Laura Uguccioni, and Maria Paola Sutto. "Twitter sentiment in New York City parks as measure of well-being." Landscape and Urban Planning 189 (September 2019): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.04.024.

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Elliott, Zetta. "The Trouble with Magic: Conjuring the Past in New York City Parks." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 5, no. 2 (2013): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jeu.2013.0014.

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McGuire, Krista L., Sara G. Payne, Matthew I. Palmer, Caitlyn M. Gillikin, Dominique Keefe, Su Jin Kim, Seren M. Gedallovich, et al. "Digging the New York City Skyline: Soil Fungal Communities in Green Roofs and City Parks." PLoS ONE 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): e58020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058020.

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Osman, Suleiman. "“We’re Doing It Ourselves”." Journal of Planning History 16, no. 2 (August 11, 2016): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513216661207.

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While the privatization of parks has been controversial since the 1980s, the origins of public–private parks in New York City were complex. During the 1970s fiscal crisis, the Parks and Recreation Department suffered severe budget cuts and was forced to reduce services drastically. Faced with parks that were falling apart, thousands of volunteers in block associations and community groups began to maintain parks on their own. They pioneered radical forms of “do-it-yourself” urbanism with guerrilla horticulture, community gardens, children-fashioned adventure playgrounds, tree-planting drives, makeshift ambulances, and volunteer patrols. By the early 1980s, these “self-help” efforts coalesced into new public–private parks. The history of public–private parks is thus one of privatizations in the plural and points to an array of antistatist impulses that emerged on both the left and right in the 1970s.

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Tan, Yizhou, Wenjing Li, Da Chen, and Waishan Qiu. "Identifying Urban Park Events through Computer Vision-Assisted Categorization of Publicly-Available Imagery." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2023): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12100419.

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Understanding park events and their categorization offers pivotal insights into urban parks and their integral roles in cities. The objective of this study is to explore the efficacy of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in categorizing park events through images. Utilizing image and event category data from the New York City Parks Events Listing database, we trained a CNN model with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of park event categorization. While this study focuses on New York City, the approach and findings have the potential to offer valuable insights for urban planners examining park event distributions in different cities. Different CNN models were tuned to complete this multi-label classification task, and their performances were compared. Preliminary results underscore the efficacy of deep learning in automating the event classification process, revealing the multifaceted activities within urban green spaces. The CNN showcased proficiency in discerning various event nuances, emphasizing the diverse recreational and cultural offerings of urban parks. Such categorization has potential applications in urban planning, aiding decision-making processes related to resource distribution, event coordination, and infrastructure enhancements tailored to specific park activities.

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Lee, Dong-Hoon. "Management of Urban Parks in New York City through the Public-private Partnerships." KIEAE Journal 19, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12813/kieae.2019.19.6.013.

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Alizadehtazi, Bita, Korin Tangtrakul, Sloane Woerdeman, Anna Gussenhoven, Nariman Mostafavi, and Franco A. Montalto. "Urban Park Usage During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of Extreme Events 07, no. 04 (December 2020): 2150008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345737621500081.

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Urban parks and green spaces provide a wide range of ecosystem services, including social interaction and stress reduction. When COVID-19 closed schools and businesses and restricted social gatherings, parks became one of the few places that urban residents were permitted to visit outside their homes. With a focus on Philadelphia, PA and New York City, NY, this paper presents a snapshot of the park usage during the early phases of the pandemic. Forty-three Civic Scientists were employed by the research team to observe usage in 22 different parks selected to represent low and high social vulnerability, and low, medium, and high population density. Despite speculation that parks could contribute to the spread of COVID-19, no strong correlation was found between the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in adjacent zip codes and the number of park users. High social vulnerability neighborhoods were associated with a significantly higher number of COVID-19 cases ([Formula: see text]). In addition, no significant difference in the number of park users was detected between parks in high and low vulnerability neighborhoods. The number of park users did significantly increase with population density in both cities ([Formula: see text]), though usage varied greatly by park. Males were more frequently observed than females in parks in both high vulnerability and high-density neighborhoods. Although high vulnerability neighborhoods reported higher COVID-19 cases, residents of Philadelphia and New York City appear to have been undeterred from visiting parks during this phase of the pandemic. This snapshot study provides no evidence to support closing parks during the pandemic. To the contrary, people continued to visit parks throughout the study, underscoring their evident value as respite for urban residents during the early phases of the pandemic.

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Deb, Dhruba, and Tal Danino. "Abstract 2186: Bacterial lung cancer therapeutics from soil bacteria in New York City." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2186.

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Abstract The microbiome's diverse functions in human health have generated increasing interest in using live bacteria for cancer therapy. Due to their natural presence in colon, lung and breast tissue, bacterial therapies have been augmented using synthetic biology in order to treat infections, inflammation, and cancer. One major challenge is finding safe and effective host species and therapeutic payloads for a particular type of cancer. Here we explored the vast diversity of microbial isolates in the environment as a valuable source of novel therapeutic compounds that can be expressed by bacteria. Specifically, we isolated and identified soil bacteria from 25 local parks, and investigated their secreted compounds for anti-cancer activity using monolayer and 3D-spheroid cultures of lung cancer. Through metagenomic analysis, toxicology assays, varied growth conditions, and bacteria-cancer co-culture experiments, we found Bacillus spp. isolates from Manhattan parks' soil that secreted products with high, dose-dependent cytotoxicity against lung cancer models. We also demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis, a model organism for gram-positive bacteria, can colonize lung cancer tumor spheroids, pointing to its use as a viable strain for bacteria cancer therapy. The work presented here underscores the potential of harnessing environmental microbial diversity for the development of gram positive species and their compounds as cancer therapeutics. Citation Format: Dhruba Deb, Tal Danino. Bacterial lung cancer therapeutics from soil bacteria in New York City [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2186.

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Ogletree, S. Scott, Jing Huei Huang, Claudia Alberico, Oriol Marquet, Myron F. Floyd, and J. Aaron Hipp. "Parental preference for park attributes related to children’s use of parks in low-income, racial/ethnic diverse neighborhoods." Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51250/jheal.v1i1.6.

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Public parks offer free and easy to access spaces for outdoor recreation, which is essential for children’s outdoor play and physical activity in low-income communities. Because parks and playgrounds contribute to children’s physical, social, and emotional development, it is critical to understand what makes them attractive and welcoming for families with young children. Parents can be a key determinant to children visiting parks, with their preferences influencing whether or not families visit parks in their neighborhoods. Past studies have posited there are significant differences across racial/ethnic populations in preferred park characteristics, but few have investigated specific park attributes parents from different racial and ethnic groups desire for their children. This study examined attributes associated with parental preferences for parks in low-income diverse communities in New York City, New York and Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, USA. Parents’ responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified: physical attributes, experiences, social environment, and amenities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness) which differed from other groups. Examining Latino parents in both cities we found no significant difference between cities. Although there is no one-size-fits-all approach to encourage park use, our finding suggests facilities and park safety are modifiable ways local government agencies could design and maintain parks that would be preferred by parents for their children. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks. Parents’ responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. Examining Latino parents in both cities we found no significant difference between cities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for Experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness) which differed from other groups. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks and children’s physical activity.

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Weng, Weizhe, Lingxiao Yan, Kevin J. Boyle, and George Parsons. "COVID-19 and visitation to Central Park, New York City." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (September 13, 2023): e0290713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290713.

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Central Park is an iconic feature of New York City, which was the first and one of the hardest hit cities in the United States by the Coronavirus. State-level stay-at-home order, raising COVID-19 cases, as well as the public’s personal concerns regarding exposure to the virus, led to a significant reduction of Central Park visitation. We utilized extensive cellphone tracking data to conduct one of the pioneering empirical studies assessing the economic impact of COVID-19 on urban parks. We integrated the difference-in-difference (DID) design with the recreation-demand model. The DID design aids in identifying the causal impacts, controlling for unobservable factors that might confound the treatment effects of interest. Concurrently, the recreational demand model examines the driving factors of visitation changes and enables us to estimate the welfare changes experienced by New York City’s residents. Our findings shine a light on the substantial, yet often overlooked, welfare loss triggered by the pandemic. The analysis indicates that the pandemic resulted in a 94% reduction in visitation, corresponding to an annual consumer surplus loss of $450 million. We noted a rebound in visitation following the initial outbreak, influenced by shifts in government policy, weather conditions, holiday periods, and personal characteristics.

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Nisbet, Elizabeth, and Susanna Schaller. "Philanthropic Partnerships in the Just City: Parks and Schools." Urban Affairs Review 56, no. 6 (May 3, 2019): 1811–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087419843186.

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The role of private funding and management in U.S. urban public services has expanded through the auspices of private nonprofit organizations in formal relationships with government and aided by large gifts from wealthy donors with visions for their cities, leading scholars to raise concerns about potential harm to democratic governance and displacement of public investment. Where do these private efforts fit into current policy initiatives to improve equity in schools and parks? Employing Susan Fainstein’s Just City framework, this article analyzes cases in which policy actors sought constraints on private dollars in an attempt to institutionalize equity into public private partnership (PPP) regimes. The Portland, Oregon, school board required that school foundations share funds with a districtwide foundation for reallocation. In New York City, unsuccessful state legislation proposed reallocating private funds but executive action redirected public city funds, and largely nonmonetary private resources. These cases can inform policymakers striving for just cities.

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Sim, Jisoo, Patrick Miller, and Samarth Swarup. "Tweeting the High Line Life: A Social Media Lens on Urban Green Spaces." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218895.

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The objective of this study is to investigate elevated parks as urban green spaces using social media data analytics. Two popular elevated parks, the High Line Park in New York and the 606 in Chicago, were selected as the study sites. Tweets mentioning the two parks were collected from 2015 to 2019. By using text mining, social media users’ sentiments and conveyed perceptions about the elevated parks were studied. In addition, users’ activities and their satisfaction were analyzed. For the 606, users mainly enjoyed the free events at the park and worried about possible increases in housing prices and taxes because of the 606. They tended to participate in physical activities such as biking and walking. Although the 606 provides scenic observation points, users did not seem to enjoy these. Regarding the High Line, users frequently mentioned New York City, which is an important aspect of the identity of the park. The High Line users also frequently mentioned arts and relaxation. Overall, this study supports the idea that social media analytics can be used to gain an understanding of the public’s use of urban green spaces and their attitudes and concerns.

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Swierad, Ewelina M., and Terry T. K. Huang. "An Exploration of Psychosocial Pathways of Parks’ Effects on Health: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 8, 2018): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081693.

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Urban green space has been positively associated with psychological and physical health. However, the linkage between exposure to parks and health outcomes remains unclear. The current study examined the meanings that people assign to city parks, as a way to understand the pathways by which parks exert their effects on health. We conducted qualitative interviews with twenty culturally diverse residents in New York City. Thematic analysis was performed on the qualitative data. Results showed that all themes identified were related to parks fulfilling a basic human need for connection to (1) family, loved ones, and friends; (2) community and neighborhood; (3) self; and (4) nature. Based on these data, we proposed a human-centered framework for future research and interventions aimed at catalyzing parks as a vehicle to improve health and wellbeing. A human-centered approach emphasizes targeting the deep-seated needs and values of those we seek to engage and for whom health promotion and disease prevention efforts are designed. Our study shows that park transformations need to incorporate careful considerations of the human need for connection on multiple levels, so that park usage and its consequent health benefits may be optimized.

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Kowsky, Francis R. "Municipal Parks and City Planning: Frederick Law Olmsted's Buffalo Park and Parkway System." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 46, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990145.

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For three decades beginning in 1868, Frederick Law Olmsted and his partners and successors created for Buffalo, the second largest city in New York State, a series of parks and parkways that attracted national and international attention. Olmsted's work for Buffalo occupied a prominent place in his influential career as park planner and urban reformer. In Buffalo, Olmsted and his partner Calvert Vaux implemented a comprehensive series of parks and parkways that pioneered the concept of the metropolitan recreational system. Initially conceived between 1868 and 1870 and substantially constructed by 1876, Olmsted and Vaux's Buffalo park system carefully modified the city's original plan, framed in 1804 by Joseph Ellicott, and introduced progressive design features inspired by the example of the Second Empire in Paris.

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Cohen, Steven, and William Eimicke. "Project-Focused Total Quality Management in the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation." Public Administration Review 54, no. 5 (September 1994): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/976430.

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Munoz, Jonathan, and D. C. Ghislaine Mayer. "Toxoplasma gondii and Giardia duodenalis infections in domestic dogs in New York City public parks." Veterinary Journal 211 (May 2016): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.02.015.

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Fusco, Nicole A., Anthony Zhao, and Jason Munshi-South. "Urban forests sustain diverse carrion beetle assemblages in the New York City metropolitan area." PeerJ 5 (March 15, 2017): e3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3088.

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Urbanization is an increasingly pervasive form of land transformation that reduces biodiversity of many taxonomic groups. Beetles exhibit a broad range of responses to urbanization, likely due to the high functional diversity in this order. Carrion beetles (Order: Coleoptera, Family: Silphidae) provide an important ecosystem service by promoting decomposition of small-bodied carcasses, and have previously been found to decline due to forest fragmentation caused by urbanization. However, New York City (NYC) and many other cities have fairly large continuous forest patches that support dense populations of small mammals, and thus may harbor relatively robust carrion beetle communities in city parks. In this study, we investigated carrion beetle community composition, abundance and diversity in forest patches along an urban-to-rural gradient spanning the urban core (Central Park, NYC) to outlying rural areas. We conducted an additional study comparing the current carrion beetle community at a single suburban site in Westchester County, NY that was intensively surveyed in the early 1970’s. We collected a total of 2,170 carrion beetles from eight species at 13 sites along this gradient. We report little to no effect of urbanization on carrion beetle diversity, although two species were not detected in any urban parks.Nicrophorus tomentosuswas the most abundant species at all sites and seemed to dominate the urban communities, potentially due to its generalist habits and shallower burying depth compared to the other beetles surveyed. Variation between species body size, habitat specialization, and % forest area surrounding the surveyed sites also did not influence carrion beetle communities. Lastly, we found few significant differences in relative abundance of 10 different carrion beetle species between 1974 and 2015 at a single site in Westchester County, NY, although two of the rare species in the early 1970’s were not detected in 2015. These results indicate that NYC’s forested parks have the potential to sustain carrion beetle communities and the ecosystem services they provide.

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Yuill, Chris. "Emotions after Dark - A Sociological Impression of the 2003 New York Blackout." Sociological Research Online 9, no. 3 (August 2004): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.918.

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Sometimes an unexpected event or crisis can occur that is of sociological interest where for a period of time a particular society is faced with a number of challenges. This sociological impression will explore one such event, the New York blackout of 2003, by developing a ‘street level snapshot’ of the experiences of New Yorkers during the power outage. The majority of material for this impression was gathered by acting as sociological flâneur, guided by the ideas of Benjamin, Simmel, Parks, and Jacobs into understanding the experience of modernity and city life by taking to the streets and directly observing what transpires. Further material from the internet and the media is used to augment the personal observation. Finally, drawing on the sociology of emotions a speculative discussion attempts to make sense of what was observed particularly the strong upsurge in emotion and the passionate way in which New Yorkers kept their neighbourhoods and city functioning. Throughout the essay reflexive and reflective comments will be made concerning the sociologist carrying out ‘spontaneous’ research into temporary but significant events.

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Rigolon, Alessandro, and Jeremy Németh. "A QUality INdex of Parks for Youth (QUINPY): Evaluating urban parks through geographic information systems." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 45, no. 2 (October 4, 2016): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516672212.

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Visiting urban parks regularly can provide significant physical and mental health benefits for children and teenagers, but these benefits are tempered by park quality, amenities, maintenance, and safety. Therefore, planning and public health scholars have developed instruments to measure park quality, but most of these tools require costly and time-consuming field surveys and only a handful focus specifically on youth. We rectify these issues by developing the QUality INdex of Parks for Youth (QUINPY) based on a robust literature review of studies on young people’s park visitation habits and an extensive validation process by academic and professional experts. Importantly, the QUINPY relies on publicly available geospatial data to measure park quality. We then successfully pilot test the QUINPY in Denver and New York City. We believe that park agencies, planning consultants, researchers, and nonprofits aiming to assess park quality will find this tool useful. The QUINPY is particularly promising given the increasing amount of publicly available geospatial data and other recent advancements in geospatial science.

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Charlop-Powers, Zachary, Clara C. Pregitzer, Christophe Lemetre, Melinda A. Ternei, Jeffrey Maniko, Bradley M. Hover, Paula Y. Calle, et al. "Urban park soil microbiomes are a rich reservoir of natural product biosynthetic diversity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 51 (November 28, 2016): 14811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1615581113.

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Numerous therapeutically relevant small molecules have been identified from the screening of natural products (NPs) produced by environmental bacteria. These discovery efforts have principally focused on culturing bacteria from natural environments rich in biodiversity. We sought to assess the biosynthetic capacity of urban soil environments using a phylogenetic analysis of conserved NP biosynthetic genes amplified directly from DNA isolated from New York City park soils. By sequencing genes involved in the biosynthesis of nonribosomal peptides and polyketides, we found that urban park soil microbiomes are both rich in biosynthetic diversity and distinct from nonurban samples in their biosynthetic gene composition. A comparison of sequences derived from New York City parks to genes involved in the biosynthesis of biomedically important NPs produced by bacteria originally collected from natural environments around the world suggests that bacteria producing these same families of clinically important antibiotics, antifungals, and anticancer agents are actually present in the soils of New York City. The identification of new bacterial NPs often centers on the systematic exploration of bacteria present in natural environments. Here, we find that the soil microbiomes found in large cities likely hold similar promise as rich unexplored sources of clinically relevant NPs.

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Sim, Jisoo, Cermetrius Lynell Bohannon, and Patrick Miller. "What Park Visitors Survey Tells Us: Comparing Three Elevated Parks—The High Line, 606, and High Bridge." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010121.

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Many cities have replaced abandoned transportation infrastructure with an elevated park to gain increased economic benefits by developing old fabric. By following this trend, most studies to this point have only focused on the economic rewards from the replacement rather than its uses in the real world. This study aims to understand how park visitors use elevated parks through a park visitors’ survey. The authors selected three representative elevated parks—the High Line in New York City, the 606 in Chicago, and the High Bridge in Farmville—for the study and asked visitors about their activities, perceived benefits, and satisfaction. Results indicate that the 606, a mixed-use elevated park, allows visitors to engage in high-intensity activity, the High Line as an elevated urban park provides visitors public arts and gardens, and the High Bridge as an elevated green park provided visitors with a connection to unique natural scenery. This study, as the first to compare three different elevated parks, contributes to an understanding of who uses elevated parks and how they use elevated parks.

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Adiv, Naomi. "Paidia meets Ludus: New York City Municipal Pools and the Infrastructure of Play." Social Science History 39, no. 3 (2015): 431–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.64.

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From 1870 to the present, the city of New York has built and maintained municipal bathing places including river baths, indoor bathhouses, indoor pools, and outdoor pools, designed around competing motivations of hygiene, recreation, and play. In this paper, I consider what it means for different groups to play in public space using Caillois's (1961) division of ludus—competitive, rule-bound play, and paidia—exuberant, unstructured play. First, using historical examples, I show how these notions of play were expressed in two shifts in the construction of municipal swimming and bathing infrastructure in New York City. In 1870, the enclosure of formerly unstructured bathing spaces at the riverbanks, and the establishment of floating baths in the rivers was meant to structure both time and behavior in the water; in 1936, the construction of 11 enormous swimming pools under Parks Commissioner Robert Moses provided bathing spaces, with recreation at the center of their design program and social function. Second, I offer contemporary ethnographic data from two outdoor pools in Brooklyn to demonstrate how rules around acceptable play are differentially enforced inside of the same institution. Through these historical shifts and contemporary variations, I demonstrate how both the construction and everyday use of municipal bathing infrastructure has been the site of an ongoing tension between ludus and paidia, inflected with urban problematics of class and race.

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Jiang, Yuqin, Xiao Huang, and Zhenlong Li. "Spatiotemporal Patterns of Human Mobility and Its Association with Land Use Types during COVID-19 in New York City." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10050344.

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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted every facet of society. One of the non-pharmacological measures to contain the COVID-19 infection is social distancing. Federal, state, and local governments have placed multiple executive orders for human mobility reduction to slow down the spread of COVID-19. This paper uses geotagged tweets data to reveal the spatiotemporal human mobility patterns during this COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. With New York City open data, human mobility pattern changes were detected by different categories of land use, including residential, parks, transportation facilities, and workplaces. This study further compares human mobility patterns by land use types based on an open social media platform (Twitter) and the human mobility patterns revealed by Google Community Mobility Report cell phone location, indicating that in some applications, open-access social media data can generate similar results to private data. The results of this study can be further used for human mobility analysis and the battle against COVID-19.

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Johns, Michael, Shannon M. Farley, Deepa T. Rajulu, Susan M. Kansagra, and Harlan R. Juster. "Smoke-free parks and beaches: an interrupted time-series study of behavioural impact in New York City." Tobacco Control 24, no. 5 (April 30, 2014): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051335.

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Savage, Amy M., Elsa Youngsteadt, Andrew F. Ernst, Shelby A. Powers, Robert R. Dunn, and Steven D. Frank. "Homogenizing an urban habitat mosaic: arthropod diversity declines in New York City parks after Super Storm Sandy." Ecological Applications 28, no. 1 (December 27, 2017): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1643.

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Wridt, Pamela J. "An Historical Analysis of Young People's Use of Public Space, Parks and Playgrounds in New York City." Children, Youth and Environments 14, no. 1 (2004): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cye.2004.0025.

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Nagy, Christopher M., and Robert F. Rockwell. "Occupancy patterns of Megascops asio in urban parks of New York City and southern Westchester County, NY, USA." Journal of Natural History 47, no. 31-32 (August 2013): 2135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.770100.

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Harris, Stephen E., Alexander T. Xue, Diego Alvarado-Serrano, Joel T. Boehm, Tyler Joseph, Michael J. Hickerson, and Jason Munshi-South. "Urbanization shapes the demographic history of a native rodent (the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus ) in New York City." Biology Letters 12, no. 4 (April 2016): 20150983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0983.

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How urbanization shapes population genomic diversity and evolution of urban wildlife is largely unexplored. We investigated the impact of urbanization on white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area using coalescent-based simulations to infer demographic history from the site-frequency spectrum. We assigned individuals to evolutionary clusters and then inferred recent divergence times, population size changes and migration using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 23 populations sampled along an urban-to-rural gradient. Both prehistoric climatic events and recent urbanization impacted these populations. Our modelling indicates that post-glacial sea-level rise led to isolation of mainland and Long Island populations. These models also indicate that several urban parks represent recently isolated P. leucopus populations, and the estimated divergence times for these populations are consistent with the history of urbanization in NYC.

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Cheung, Ethan Siu Leung, and Jinyu Liu. "RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN COGNITIVE DIFFICULTY AMONG OLDER ADULTS: EVIDENCE FROM NEW YORK CITY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 520–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1988.

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Abstract This study examined racial and ethnic disparities in cognitive difficulty among older adults in New York City (NYC). Also, we tested whether physical health, family structure, individual socioeconomic status (SES), and neighborhood SES explained the disparities. Based on community districts, individual-level data from the 2019 American Community Survey were merged with neighborhood data from NYC Community District Profile. A sample of 5,622 NYC residents aged 60 or older was included across 55 community districts. The outcome variable, cognitive difficulty, was measured by a binary variable in which respondents’ self-reported challenges with cognitive health (1=having challenge, 0=no). Racial and ethnic groups included Whites, Blacks, Latinos/Hispanics, and Asians. We used multilevel logistic regressions for analysis. Results show that Latinos/Hispanics had the highest odds of reporting cognitive difficulty across groups. Physical health, marital status, individual SES, and access to parks were significantly associated with cognitive difficulty. Physical health, family structure, and multilevel SES partially explained or influenced the racial and ethnic disparity in cognitive difficulty. However, such influence varied by race and ethnicity. Physical health and individual SES contributed to the disparities for Latinos/Hispanics and Blacks, compared to Whites. Neighborhood SES attenuated the disparity in cognitive difficulty between Latinos/Hispanics and Whites. Also, family structure uniquely explained the disparity for Blacks. No significant disparity was identified between Asians and Whites. This study shed light on the important roles of multilevel factors in predicting racial and ethnic disparities in cognitive difficulty. Findings provide direction for interventions to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in cognitive difficulty.

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Schlichting, Kara Murphy. "Rethinking the Bronx’s “Soundview Slums”." Journal of Planning History 16, no. 2 (August 12, 2016): 112–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513216661206.

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In the 1910s, the bungalow colony Harding Park developed on marshy Clason Point. Through the 1930s–1950s, Robert Moses sought to modernize this East Bronx waterfront through the Parks Department and the Committee on Slum Clearance. While localism and special legislative treatment enabled Harding Park’s preservation as a co-op in 1981, the abandonment of master planning left neighboring Soundview Park unfinished. The entwined histories of recreation and residency on Clason Point reveal the beneficial and detrimental effects of both urban renewal and community development, while also demonstrating the complicated relationship between localism and large-scale planning in postwar New York City.

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Adams, Nicholas. "Joanna C. Diman (1901–91):." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 77, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2018.77.3.339.

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Joanna C. Diman (1901–91): A “Cantankerous” Landscape Architect at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill presents a biographical overview of Diman's career as a landscape architect. Using hitherto unpublished sources, Nicholas Adams traces Diman's progress from her training at the Lowthorpe School of Landscape Architecture for Women (from which she graduated in 1923) through her early work for individual practitioners. For a decade beginning in 1934, she worked for the New York City Department of Parks. In 1944, she joined the New York office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, where she worked until her retirement in 1967. Archival sources at SOM reveal that she was involved to differing degrees in nearly all projects that passed through the firm's New York office, from the relatively small garden at Lever House to the great works of “pastoral capitalism,” such as that at Connecticut General in Bloomfield, Connecticut (1957). Adams raises questions of stylistic individuality and places them alongside the larger issue of what influence an in-house landscape department had on design at SOM during these years.

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dougherty, geoff. "Chicago's Food Trucks: Wrapped in Red Tape." Gastronomica 12, no. 1 (2012): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.12.1.62.

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Nationwide, trucks brought in $630 million last year, an increase of 3.6 percent over the previous year. However, the rise of the food trucks hasn't come without trouble. A recent court ruling held that vendors in New York City aren't allowed to park in metered parking spaces. Truck operators in suburban Washington, D.C., are hamstrung by the hodgepodge of regulations that vary from one municipality to the next. A license to cook in one city is no protection from a citation in the next. Chicago wraps food trucks in more red tape than perhaps any other major city. Food-truck vendors are forbidden to cook on their trucks—or even do so much as slice a sandwich in half. In practicality, such restrictions limit the city's food-truck fleet to the small catering trucks known as “roach coaches” that typically serve construction sites and industrial parks.

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Snyder, Robert W. "Sounding the Powers of Place in Neighborhoods: Responses to the Urban Crisis in Washington Heights and New York City." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 6 (May 9, 2017): 1290–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217704131.

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As scholars move from studying the city as the setting for larger social processes to exploring how cities play constitutive roles in historical change, it is important to explore the most fundamental and complex unit of urban life—the neighborhood—in all its subjective meanings and dimensions. This essay, which builds on my book, Crossing Broadway: Washington Heights and the Promise of New York City (Cornell, 2015), examines how residents of the Washington Heights section of northern Manhattan, who mentally divided their neighborhood into smaller and separate enclaves, overcame their divisions to avert the worst threats of the urban crisis in impressive displays of collective efficacy. Residents crossed and redefined neighborhood boundaries to preserve housing, empower Dominican immigrants, reduce crime, and recover parks and public spaces that had been damaged by neglect and violence. Ironically, the success of their efforts set off a surge in gentrification that threatens to displace poor and working-class residents. The study of their efforts, especially with oral history interviews, reveals the micro-neighborhoods that exist within a neighborhood boundary, the importance of thinking about space in urban culture and politics, and the value and limits of neighborhood action for social change.

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VOGEL, DAVID. "Business Support for Nature Protection in the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Policy History 34, no. 2 (April 2022): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030622000045.

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AbstractThis article explores the role of business in supporting and benefiting from nature protection during the second half of the nineteenth century. It begins with the support of business for protecting scenic wilderness in California and the creation of Yellowstone, as well as the role of the railroads in encouraging easterners to visit to the nation’s western national parks—all designed to create economic value by promoting tourism. It then examines the efforts of a wide range of business interests to protect the White Mountains of New Hampshire and the Adirondack forest in New York State. The later effort was led by business interests from New York City who worried that deforestation would impair freight traffic on the Erie Canal and Hudson River as well as endanger the city’s water supplies. This article compliments Hay’s research on business and conservation during the Progressive Era by demonstrating that business also played a critical role in supporting wilderness and forest protection.

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Kaur, Ravneet, Richard A. Hallett, and Navé Strauss. "Building Urban Forest Resilience to Sea Level Rise: A GIS-Based Climate Adaptation Tool for New York City." Forests 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010092.

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Urban forests in coastal regions are vulnerable to changing climate conditions, especially sea level rise (SLR). Such climate change impacts add complexity for urban forest managers as they make decisions related to tree species selection. The New York City (NYC) Parks Department manages over 660,000 street trees, many of which occupy sites that are susceptible to saltwater flooding. In order to build a resilient urban tree canopy in these flood-prone zones, we ranked tree species based on their overall tolerance to coastal vulnerability factors such as high winds, salt spray, and soil salinity. Our results revealed that 16 of the 44 species ranked high in overall tolerance to these factors. We also developed a GIS-based tool, specific to NYC, which delineates three coastal tiers based on their susceptibility to coastal vulnerability factors using SLR projections for the 2100s. The species list combined with the GIS tool provides urban forest managers a method to assign tree species to different coastal tiers based on their ability to withstand coastal climate change impacts into the future. We provide details on how this tool was developed for NYC so other coastal cities can replicate this approach to creating a more resilient future coastal urban forest.

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Domlesky, Anya. "Learning From Disaster: What Two Hurricanes Reveal About Ways to Design Public Space as Flood Infrastructure." Journal of Climate Resilience and Justice 1 (2023): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/crcj_a_00003.

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Abstract This article examines the resilience of two urban parks in the United States after extreme flooding caused by separate hurricane events. It provides early lessons for designers, planners, and engineers of open and park space from a practice-based research group and two academic partnerships. The first site is coastal, a waterfront park in New York City, New York. The focus was on understanding how elements of the design and construction of Hunter’s Point South Waterfront Park, Phase 1, contributed to a high level of resilience during and after Hurricane Sandy, especially related to coastal flooding, storm surge, and heavy rains. The second site is on the principal river system in Houston, Texas. The focus was on understanding how elements of the design and construction of a 160-acre section of Buffalo Bayou Park contributed to a high level of resilience during and after Hurricane Harvey, which brought heavy rains, increased water velocity, and extended submergence.

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Hitch, Lisa, Marie A. Sillice, Hanish Kodali, Katarzyna E. Wyka, Javier Otero Peña, and Terry TK Huang. "Factors associated with mask use in New York City neighborhood parks during the COVID-19 pandemic: A field audit study." Journal of Infection and Public Health 15, no. 4 (April 2022): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2022.02.006.

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Maroko, Andrew R., Juliana A. Maantay, Nancy L. Sohler, Kristen L. Grady, and Peter S. Arno. "The complexities of measuring access to parks and physical activity sites in New York City: a quantitative and qualitative approach." International Journal of Health Geographics 8, no. 1 (2009): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-072x-8-34.

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Mattingly, Mary. "Swale." arte :lugar :cidade 1, no. 1 (May 2, 2024): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/arte.lugar.cidade.v1i1.62033.

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Swale was a floating edible landscape built atop a 5,000 square-foot barge that traveled to public piers in New York City welcoming visitors to harvest perennial fruits and vegetables free of charge. Swale docked at public piers in Brooklyn, Governors Island, and the Bronx in spaces adjacent to the city’s public land. Public land in the city equates to 30,000 acres, as compared with the 100 acres of community garden space where, if you have a plot, picking food is allowed. Swale re-valued public land by using the ‘common law’ of the water as a loophole to do what had been illegal on public land: legally, picking plants was considered destruction of property. Swale followed the insights of social scientist Elinor Ostrom and traditional ecological knowledge that claim that in a vibrant commons, people had a vital role to play not only as beneficiaries, but also as co-creators, protectors, and decision makers.Swale was also experiential: people walked onto a barge adjacent to a city park to find that it looked, smelled, and tasted like land but felt different. As they grew accustomed to the moving vessel and their forested surroundings, their perspective shifted and soon it could feel like the city was moving back and forth, as the structure they were on began to feel stable. People suddenly cared about everything: where the soil came from, where the water came from that watered the plants, and how this translated to the food they were eating at home. An edible forest built on an industrial barge questions land use in the city, food systems, infrastructure, public health priorities, and whether the establishment of a commons is still possible. It can also model alternatives, request involvement, and put trust in city dwellers as agents who care for shared resources. As a direct result of Swale and the support of community groups, in 2017 the New York City Parks Department opened their first land-based pilot – a public “foodway” at Concrete Plant Park in the Bronx.

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Xie, Chen, Dexin Yu, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zhuorui Wang, and Zhongtai Jiang. "Revealing spatiotemporal travel demand and community structure characteristics with taxi trip data: A case study of New York City." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): e0259694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259694.

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Urban traffic demand distribution is dynamic in both space and time. A thorough analysis of individuals’ travel patterns can effectively reflect the dynamics of a city. This study aims to develop an analytical framework to explore the spatiotemporal traffic demand and the characteristics of the community structure shaped by travel, which is analyzed empirically in New York City. It uses spatial statistics and graph-based approaches to quantify travel behaviors and generate previously unobtainable insights. Specifically, people primarily travel for commuting on weekdays and entertainment on weekends. On weekdays, people tend to arrive in the financial and commercial areas in the morning, and the functions of zones arrived in the evening are more diversified. While on weekends, people are more likely to arrive at parks and department stores during the daytime and theaters at night. These hotspots show positive spatial autocorrelation at a significance level of p = 0.001. In addition, the travel flow at different peak times form relatively stable community structures, we find interesting phenomena through the complex network theory: 1) Every community has a very small number of taxi zones (TZs) with a large number of passengers, and the weighted degree of TZs in the community follows power-law distribution; 2) As the importance of TZs increases, their interaction intensity within the community gradually increases, or increases and then decreases. In other words, the formation of a community is determined by the key TZs with numerous traffic demands, but these TZs may have limited connection with the community in which they are located. The proposed analytical framework and results provide practical insights for urban and transportation planning.

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Song, Yang, Jessica Fernandez, and Tong Wang. "Understanding Perceived Site Qualities and Experiences of Urban Public Spaces: A Case Study of Social Media Reviews in Bryant Park, New York City." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 8036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198036.

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Urban public spaces are a key component to the well-being and prosperity of modern society. It has been increasingly important to improve the qualities and maximize the usages of urban public spaces. There is a lack of studies that investigate how people use and perceive urban parks using quantitative analysis of location-based social media reviews. This study tackles this gap by introducing a case study that uses social media reviews (Tripadivisor.com) to understand the perceived site quality and experiences of Bryant Park in New York City. A large dataset including 11,419 Tripadvisor reviews from 10,615 users was collected. LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation), a natural language processing and machine learning technique, was used to perform topic modeling analysis that could reveal hidden themes in large amounts of text. The results include five semantic topics and their associated topic terms. A comprehensive overview of the user experiences in Bryant Park were provided along with their weekly and monthly dynamics. The findings provide insights for future public space designers and managers by revealing how users describe the designs and operations of Bryant Park.

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Journal articles on the topic 'New York (City). Dept. of Parks'

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