Journal articles: 'New York after September 11'

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Jones, Richard. "New York, 11 September and After." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 94, no. 12 (December 2001): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107680109401216.

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Eder, Aaron. "After September 11, 2001." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1927, no. 1 (January 2005): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192700111.

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On September 11, 2001 (9/11), terrorists turned commercial aircraft into missiles and directed them toward high-rise and federal buildings, striking the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. After this tragic event, Congress's attention was naturally focused on airport security, and for good reason: the attacks happened via the aviation system. Yet an equivalent amount of attention was not given to the nation's public transportation system. To address this issue, the FTA, an organization within the U.S. Department of Transportation, began an ambitious five-part security initiative to improve the security of America's public transportation systems and assist their oversight agencies in addressing these new threats. The objectives of this paper are to reveal the vulnerability of America's transit system, identify typical pre–9/11 security planning, and show how the terrorist attacks that occurred on 9/11 have changed the way in which government and transit agencies address security concerns. An analysis of post–9/11 security measures adopted by the FTA; New York City Transit, New York; Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, D.C.; and the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit, California, is provided. A case study of the Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon is included to reveal how this agency in particular has responded to the threats that public transportation agencies face.

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Conover, S. "New York besieged: 11 September and after." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.56.1.2.

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Shapiro, Robert S. "New York City Before and After September 11, 2001." American Journal of Roentgenology 178, no. 3 (March 2002): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.178.3.1780550.

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Chi, Jason S., W. Kenneth Poole, Sarah C. Kandefer, and Robert A. Kloner. "Cardiovascular mortality in New York City after September 11, 2001." American Journal of Cardiology 92, no. 7 (October 2003): 857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00901-9.

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Mammen, David. "Recovery Efforts in New York After 9/11." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 6 (December 1, 2007): 502–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0502.

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Recovery efforts in New York following the events of September 11, 2001 have been multi-faceted, addressing physical, economic and social needs and involving government agencies, private firms, and a myriad of nongovernmental organizations. This article, drawn from a manuscript covering the full breadth and depth of New York's experience, describes the loss and damage created on 9/11 and the funding provided by the federal government to promote recovery. Several cross-cutting values and approaches which are exemplified by recovery efforts are also described.

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Chi, Jason S., Mark T. Speakman, W. Kenneth Poole, Sarah C. Kandefer, and Robert A. Kloner. "Hospital admissions for cardiac events in New York City after September 11, 2001." American Journal of Cardiology 92, no. 1 (July 2003): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00468-5.

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Hoven, Christina W., Cristiane S. Duarte, Christopher P. Lucas, Ping Wu, Donald J. Mandell, Renee D. Goodwin, Michael Cohen, et al. "Psychopathology Among New York City Public School Children 6 Months After September 11." Archives of General Psychiatry 62, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.545.

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Carter, Tony. "Visiting Nurse Association of New York and Crisis Management After September 11, 2001." Journal of Hospital Marketing & Public Relations 15, no. 1 (November 8, 2004): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j375v15n01_08.

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10

Vlahov, D., S. Galea, J. Ahern, S. Rudenstine, H. Resnick, D. Kilpatrick, and R. M. Crum. "Alcohol Drinking Problems Among New York City Residents after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks." Substance Use & Misuse 41, no. 9 (January 1, 2006): 1295–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826080600754900.

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11

Stuber, Jennifer, Sandro Galea, Betty Pfefferbaum, Sharon Vandivere, Kristen Moore, and Gerry Fairbrother. "Behavior Problems in New York City's Children After the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 75, no. 2 (2005): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.75.2.190.

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Pulcino, Tiffany, Sandro Galea, Jennifer Ahern, Heidi Resnick, Mary Foley, and David Vlahov. "Posttraumatic Stress in Women after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks in New York City." Journal of Women's Health 12, no. 8 (October 2003): 809–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/154099903322447774.

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Rukavisnjikov, Vladimir. "The Russians and the American 'war on terrorism': Lessons learned after September 11." Medjunarodni problemi 54, no. 4 (2002): 379–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0204379r.

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Paper deals with the Russian perception of the American 'war against terrorism' started after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon. It shows how the Russian attitudes towards the American foreign policy have changed during the first year of this war - from September 11, 2001 to September 11, 2002. The American 'global war on terrorism' is reviving and crystallizing deep-seated cultural and ideological differences between the United States and Russia and becoming a factor jeopardizing global stability. The analysis is based on data of opinion surveys, official documents and messages conveyed to the public by the national electronic and printed media.

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Montani, Maria Chiara. "The germs of terror – Bioterrorism and science communication after September 11." Journal of Science Communication 05, no. 03 (September 21, 2006): A02. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.05030202.

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The attacks of September 11 2001 and in particular, the sending of letters containing anthrax spores the following October had a profound effect on society, and at the same time on science and its communicative mechanisms. Through a quanto-qualitative analysis of articles taken from four publications: two daily newspapers, the Corriere della Sera from Italy and the New York Times from the United States and two science magazines, Science and Nature, we have shown how the aforementioned events provoked the emergence of media attention regarding bioterrorism. A closer reading of the articles shows that today, science – including that found in science magazines – is closely related to politics, economics and the debate over the freedom to practice communicate. The very mechanisms of communication between scientists were changed as a result of this debate, as can be seen from the signing of the Denver Declaration in February 2003, which brought about the preventative self-censorship of publication of biomedical research findings.

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Lydersen, Stian. "The human sex ratio in New York City did not change after 11 September 2001." Human Reproduction 22, no. 4 (January 4, 2007): 1192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del475.

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Fairbrother, Gerry, Jennifer Stuber, Sandro Galea, Alan R. Fleischman, and Betty Pfefferbaum. "Posttraumatic Stress Reactions in New York City Children After the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks." Ambulatory Pediatrics 3, no. 6 (November 2003): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1367/1539-4409(2003)003<0304:psriny>2.0.co;2.

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Lule, Jack. "Myth and Terror on the Editorial Page: The New York Times Responds to September 11, 2001." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 79, no. 2 (June 2002): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900202.

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This article studies New York Times editorials in the aftermath of September 11 from the perspective of myth. After defining myth and reviewing a wide range of scholarship that approaches news as myth, this article considers the ways in which editorials can be understood as myth. Textual analysis shows that over the course of four weeks, the New York Times drew from four central myths to portray events: the End of Innocence, the Victims, the Heroes, and the Foreboding Future. More than editorial “themes” or political “issues,” these were myths that invoked archetypal figures and forms at the heart of human storytelling.

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18

Ania, Gillian. "11 September 2001: the Italian writers' response." Modern Italy 17, no. 1 (February 2012): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2012.640422.

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One month after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York, the Corriere della Sera published an article on the possible future consequences for literature of this horrific event. Some novelists boldly declared their work would not be affected at all, while others observed that their literary visions and perspectives were already responses to life's tragic aspects. Several writers confessed to wondering, at least initially, whether literature henceforth could continue to have any real sense. A decade later, this essay examines the nature of the Italian response. It looks first at the views of those writers who expressed opinions directly to the press or in essay form, and then at a small number of novels (by Tullio Avoledo, Marisa Bulgheroni and Tiziana Rinaldi Castro) and short stories (by Andrea Piva, Andrej Longo and Andrea Canobbio) which have embraced the theme, and which have done so in ways that reinforce the sense of an underlying political and/or cultural aesthetic. Connections between twenty-first-century reactions to 9/11 and the Italian experience or memory of political terrorism and war will be explored, as well as the question of inspiration for novelists, in the particular context of catastrophe or trauma.

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Rudenstine, Sasha, Sandro Galea, Jennifer Ahern, Chip Felton, and David Vlahov. "Awareness and Perceptions of a Communitywide Mental Health Program in New York City After September 11." Psychiatric Services 54, no. 10 (October 2003): 1404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.54.10.1404.

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Ahern, Jennifer, Sandro Galea, Heidi Resnick, and David Vlahov. "Television Watching and Mental Health in the General Population of New York City After September 11." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 9, no. 1-2 (April 4, 2004): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j146v09n01_14.

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Llovera, I. "Interest in Preventive Health Topics Changed in New York after the Disaster on September 11, 2001." Academic Emergency Medicine 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 408–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/aemj.10.4.408.

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Catalano, R., T. Bruckner, A. Marks, and B. Eskenazi. "Reply: The human sex ratio in New York City did not change after 11 September 2001." Human Reproduction 22, no. 4 (January 4, 2007): 1193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/del476.

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23

Kočan Šalamon, Kristina. "Public response to 9/11 in politics." Informatologia 51, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2018): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/i.51.1-2.4.

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The paper with the title “Public Response to 9/11 in Politics: Patriotism, Fear and Language Issues” examines the immediate responses that emerged in American political administration after the terrorist attacks on 11 September, 2001 in New York City and Washington, D.C. Moreover, the paper analyzes the speech “We Have Seen the State of Our Union” given before the Congress on September 20, 2001, by the former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, showing the prevalent manner of the rhetoric of the then current government administration. Seeking to explain the rhetoric of the politicians after 9/11, the analysis explores several parameters. This kind of rhetoric addressed the issues connected to 9/11, and employed a great deal of patriotism-related words as well as a language that could help instigate fear and paranoia in Americans and their culture.

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24

Galea, S. "Trends of Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in New York City after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks." American Journal of Epidemiology 158, no. 6 (September 15, 2003): 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg187.

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Weissman, Ellen M., Mara Kushner, Susan M. Marcus, and Donald F. Davis. "Volume of VA Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the New York Metropolitan Area After September 11." Psychiatric Services 54, no. 12 (December 2003): 1641–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.54.12.1641.

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Boscarino, Joseph A., Sandro Galea, Richard E. Adams, Jennifer Ahern, Heidi Resnick, and David Vlahov. "Mental Health Service and Medication Use in New York City After the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attack." Psychiatric Services 55, no. 3 (March 2004): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.3.274.

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Galea, Sandro, David Vlahov, Heidi Resnick, Dean Kilpatrick, Michael J. Bucuvalas, Mark D. Morgan, and Joel Gold. "An Investigation of the Psychological Effects of the September 11, 2001, Attacks on New York City: Developing and Implementing Research in the Acute Postdisaster Period." CNS Spectrums 7, no. 8 (August 2002): 585–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900018198.

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ABSTRACTThe September 11, 2001, attack on New York City was the largest human-made disaster in United States history. In the first few days after the attack, it became clear that the scope of the attacks (including loss of life, property damage, and financial strain) was unprecedented and that the attacks could result in substantial psychological sequelae in the city population. Researchers at the Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies at the New York Academy of Medicine designed and implemented an assessment of the mental health of New Yorkers 5—8 weeks after the attacks. To implement this research in the immediate postdisaster period, researchers at the center had to develop, in a compressed time interval, new academic collaborations, links with potential funders, and unique safeguards for study respondents who may have been suffering from acute psychological distress. Results of the assessment contributed to a New York state mental health needs assessment that secured Federal Emergency Management Agency funding for mental health programs in New York City. This experience suggests that mechanisms should be in place for rapid implementation of mental health assessments after disasters.

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Mendonça, David, and William A. Wallace. "Factors underlying organizational resilience: The case of electric power restoration in New York City after 11 September 2001." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 141 (September 2015): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.017.

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Marandi, Seyed Mohammad, and Zeinab Ghasemi Tari. "Muslim Representations in Two Post-September 2001 American Novels." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 64–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v29i2.325.

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Several novels have appeared after the September 11 attacks which deal directly or indirectly with the effect of the event on individuals, both inside and outside the United States. Though, the novels often claim to deal with the posttraumatic aftermath of the incident, the writers regularly use Orientalist stereotyping, and it seems that after September 11 these attitudes toward Muslims and Arabs have hardened and even strengthened the old Orientalist discourse. This paper shall focus on Don Delillo’s Falling Man and John Updike’s Terrorist because both novels were New York Times bestsellers and both novelists are prominent figures in American literature. It attempts to examine the way in which the novelists have responded to the September 11, 2001 attacks and how Muslims and their ideologies are represented. The significant point is that though these novels have been written in the twenty-first century, where there has been an increase in contacts and information about Muslims, the writers often use the same cliches and stereotypes about Muslims that have existed since the Middle Ages.

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Marandi, Seyed Mohammad, and Zeinab Ghasemi Tari. "Muslim Representations in Two Post-September 2001 American Novels." American Journal of Islam and Society 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 64–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v29i2.325.

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Several novels have appeared after the September 11 attacks which deal directly or indirectly with the effect of the event on individuals, both inside and outside the United States. Though, the novels often claim to deal with the posttraumatic aftermath of the incident, the writers regularly use Orientalist stereotyping, and it seems that after September 11 these attitudes toward Muslims and Arabs have hardened and even strengthened the old Orientalist discourse. This paper shall focus on Don Delillo’s Falling Man and John Updike’s Terrorist because both novels were New York Times bestsellers and both novelists are prominent figures in American literature. It attempts to examine the way in which the novelists have responded to the September 11, 2001 attacks and how Muslims and their ideologies are represented. The significant point is that though these novels have been written in the twenty-first century, where there has been an increase in contacts and information about Muslims, the writers often use the same cliches and stereotypes about Muslims that have existed since the Middle Ages.

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Rutland-Brown, Wesley, Jean A. Langlois, Leze Nicaj, Robert G. Thomas, Susan A. Wilt, and Jeffrey J. Bazarian. "Traumatic Brain Injuries after Mass-Casualty Incidents: Lessons from the 11 September 2001 World Trade Center Attacks." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 3 (June 2007): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004593.

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AbstractIntroduction:The 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) resulted in thousands of deaths and injuries. Research on previous bombings and explosions has shown that head injuries, including traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), are among the most common injuries.Objective:The objective of this study was to identify diagnosed and undiagnosed (undetected) TBIs among persons hospitalized in New York City following the 11 September 2001 WTC attacks.Methods:The medical records of persons admitted to 36 hospitals in New York City with injuries or illnesses related to the WTC attacks were abstracted for signs and symptoms of TBIs. Diagnosed TBIs were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Undiagnosed TBIs were identified by an adjudication team of TBI experts that reviewed the abstracted medical record information. Persons with an undiagnosed TBI were contacted and informed of the diagnosis of potential undetected injury.Results:A total of 282 records were abstracted. Fourteen cases of diagnosed TBIs and 21 cases of undiagnosed TBIs were identified for a total of 35 TBI cases (12% of all of the abstracted records). The leading cause of TBI was being hit by falling debris (22 cases). One-third of the TBIs (13 cases) occurred among rescue workers.More than three years after the event, four out of six persons (66.67%) with an undiagnosed TBI who were contacted reported they currently were experiencing symptoms consistent with a TBI.Conclusions:Not all of the TBIs among hospitalized survivors of the WTC attacks were diagnosed at the time of acute injury care. Some persons with undiagnosed TBIs reported problems that may have resulted from these TBIs three years after the event. For hospitalized survivors of mass-casualty incidents, additional in-hospital, clinical surveys could help improve pre-discharge TBI diagnosis and provide the opportunity to link patients to appropriate outpatient services. The use and adequacy of head protection for rescue workers deserves re-evaluation.

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DiMaggio, Charles, Sandro Galea, and Paula A. Madrid. "Population Psychiatric Medication Prescription Rates following a Terrorist Attack." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 6 (December 2007): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0000529x.

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AbstractIntroduction:While several population-based studies have documented behavioral health disturbances following terrorist attacks, a number of mental health service utilization analyses present conflicting conclusions.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine if mental health service utilization increased following a terrorist attack by assessing changes in psychoactive drug prescription rates.Methods:The rate of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) prescriptions was measured among New York State Medicaid enrollees before and after the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001. The association between geographic proximity to the events and changes in the rate of SSRI prescriptions around 11 September 2001 was assessed.Results:From September to December 2001, among individuals residing within three miles of the World Trade Center site, there was an 18.2% increase in the SSRI prescription rate compared to the previous eight-month period (p = 0.0011). While there was a 9.3% increase for non-New York City residents, this change was not statistically significant (p = 0.74).Conclusions:There was a quantifiable increase in the dispensing of psychoactive drugs following the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, and this effect varied by geographic proximity to the events. These findings build on the growing body of knowledge on the pervasive effects of disasters and terrorist events for population health, and demonstrate the need to include mental and behavioral health as key components of surge capacity and public health response to mass traumas.

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Saigh, Philip A., Anastasia E. Yasik, Pamela Mitchell, and A. Reese Abright. "The psychological adjustment of a sample of New York City preschool children 8–10 months after September 11, 2001." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 3, no. 2 (2011): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020701.

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Vlahov, David, Sandro Galea, Jennifer Ahern, Heidi Resnick, Joseph A. Boscarino, Joel Gold, Michael Bucuvalas, and Dean Kilpatrick. "Consumption of Cigarettes, Alcohol, and Marijuana Among New York City Residents Six Months After the September 11 Terrorist Attacks." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 30, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 385–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ada-120037384.

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Wertz, Frederick. "An Experience of International Terrorism: Reflections on the Meanings of September 11th." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 33, no. 1 (2002): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916202320900428.

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AbstractThis lecture, delivered in the "Transcending Tragedy" series at Fordham University in New York City, in February, 2002, presents reflections on the recent experience of international terrorism. A temporal unfolding of meanings experienced during and after the September 11th attacks is described beginning with that fateful morning and concluding with the changed post-9/11 world. This analysis reveals the fragility and plasticity of the social dimension of individual experience as well as our responsibility to create a global order of peace in the face of inimical difference.

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Rosen, Craig S., and Michael Cohen. "Subgroups of New York City Children at High Risk of PTSD After the September 11 Attacks: A Signal Detection Analysis." Psychiatric Services 61, no. 1 (January 2010): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.2010.61.1.64.

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Pfefferbaum, Betty, Jayme M. Palka, and Carol S. North. "Associations between News Media Coverage of the 11 September Attacks and Depression in Employees of New York City Area Businesses." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11030029.

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Research has examined the association between contact with media coverage of mass trauma events and various psychological outcomes, including depression. Disaster-related depression research is complicated by the relatively high prevalence of the major depressive disorder in general populations even without trauma exposure. The extant research is inconclusive regarding associations between disaster media contact and depression outcomes, in part, because most studies have not distinguished diagnostic and symptomatic outcomes, differentiated postdisaster incidence from prevalence, or considered disaster trauma exposures. This study examined these associations in a volunteer sample of 254 employees of New York City businesses after the 11 September 2001, terrorist attacks. Structured interviews and questionnaires were administered 35 months after the attacks. Poisson and logistic regression analyses revealed that post-9/11 news contact significantly predicted the number of postdisaster persistent/recurrent and incident depressive symptoms in the full sample and in the indirect and unexposed groups. The findings suggest that clinical and public health approaches should be particularly alert to potential adverse postdisaster depression outcomes related to media consumption in disaster trauma-unexposed or indirectly-exposed groups.

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Hodge, James G. "Bioterrorism Law and Policy: Critical Choices in Public Health." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 2 (2002): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00391.x.

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There is perhaps no duty more fundamental to American government than the protection of the public's health, safety, and welfare. On September 11, 2001, this governmental duty was severely tested through a series of terrorist acts. The destruction of the World Trade Towers in New York City and a portion of the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., presented many Americans with a new, visible reality of the potential harms that terrorists can cause. The staggering loss of lives (estimated from 2,600 to 2,900) damaged the national psyche in ways far exceeding the physical scars to American institutions.As horrific as the images of destruction and loss of human lives may be, events that unfolded after September 11 revealed another dreaded, and potentially more catastrophic, threat to Americans sense of security and public health: bioterrorism. Unlike terrorists that use bombs, explosives, or other tools for mass destruction, a bioterrorist's weapon is an infectious agent.

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Chiu, Ann Shu-ju. "Fuzhou Chinese Speech Group and Associations: Online Debates over the Landmarks of Manhattan Chinatown after 9/11." Journal of Chinese Overseas 8, no. 2 (2012): 232–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341238.

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Abstract After the terrorist attack of 11 September 2001, both the Cantonese and Fujianese immigrants in New York City’s Manhattan Chinatown felt the need for the reconstruction of their communities. Fuzhou migrants put up their hometown website, Fujianese.com, when the City Government provided a relief fund and initiated certain projects for the rebirth of Chinatown. Discussions relating to the shaping of the webscape and landscape can be gleaned from their online debates over the cultural landmarks of Manhattan Chinatown built with the 9/11 funding. In analyzing Fujianese.com, we find a sub-ethnic awareness emerging from among the Fuzhou migrants concerned about their community participation in the host society. This website has nurtured a sub-ethnic sentiment and strengthened the identity of its members. The online discourses are important sources of information for studying the issue of dialect grouping and territorial association.

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Pandya, Anand, Craig L. Katz, Rebecca Smith, Anthony T. NG, Michael Tafoya, Anastasia Holmes, and Carol S. North. "Services Provided by Volunteer Psychiatrists after 9/11 at the New York City Family Assistance Center: September 12–November 20, 2001." Journal of Psychiatric Practice 16, no. 3 (May 2010): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.pra.0000375717.77831.83.

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Mayo, Jr., J. B. "Mark Bingham." Canadian Social Studies 52, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/css24.

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In this article, the author recounts some of the events that occurred on September 11, 2001, when four doomed airlines crashed after being hijacked by 19 Al-Qaeda terrorists, resulting in the deaths of 2,977 people in New York, New York, at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and on an empty field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania. It is at this latter location, where United Flight 93 crashed killing everyone onboard, including 31-year-old Mark Bingham, an openly gay businessman and member of a small group of people who, it is believed, wrested control from the hijackers and brought the plane down. In the years post-September 11, Bingham has become known as a modern-day hero by the various queer communities, while also garnering a high level of notoriety among many mainstream people as well. The author maintains, however, that Bingham’s hero status simultaneously contributes to the dismissal and erasure of countless other queer people, primarily Black, Brown, and transgender, who have also performed heroic acts throughout modern U.S. history. Without diminishing the actions Bingham and the others took on board United Flight 93, the author questions why this particular gay man is remembered, while countless other queer/trans people of color remain largely unknown.

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Knoppers, Bartha Maria, Madelaine Saginur, and Howard Cash. "Ethical Issues in Secondary Uses of Human Biological Materials from Mass Disasters." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34, no. 2 (2006): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2006.00040.x.

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In the trauma surrounding mass disasters, the need to identify victims accurately and as soon as possible is critical. DNA identification testing is increasingly used to identify human bodies and remains where the deceased cannot be identified by traditional means. This form of testing compares DNA taken from the body of the deceased with DNA taken from their personal items (e.g. hairbrush, toothbrush etc.) or from close biological relatives. DNA identification testing was used to identify the victims of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York on September 11, 2001, and of the victims of the Tsunami that hit Asia on December 26, 2004. Shortly after the 9/11 attack, police investigators asked the victims' families for personal items belonging to the missing, and for DNA samples from family members themselves. The New York medical examiner's office coordinated the DNA identification testing program; however, some of the identification work was contracted out to private laboratories.

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Zadeh, Mohamad Esmael, Mahdi Najjar Sadeghi, and Amir Mohammad Babaee. "Analysis of International Terrorism Criminography in the Event of September 11th, 2011." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 2 (March 31, 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n2p138.

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<p>Terrorism and terroristic system are among domestic, regional and international challenging problem in the first decade of the 21st century in the era when terrorism has turned from an individual threat to a global problem as a weapon to achieve national goals, specific groups have become no longer limited to national and regional borders and are gaining new concept and application (or they are trying to develop a new international purpose). It is feared that the spread of international peace and security in its all areas exposed to risk. In fact, the international communities felt the crisis and the danger and criminalizing this phenomenon after the attack on the twin towers of the world trade center on September 11, 2001 with unknown purposes in New York City [29] determining the failure of the international anti-terrorism strategies of these events, showed that anti-terrorism system is unsuccessful. So shortly after the attacks, the UN Security Council , recognizing the possibility of resorting to self-defense against international terrorism, subjects of international law again to pass the international anti-terrorism calls for conventions domestic laws to crack down terrorists.</p>

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Martinez-Pastor, Esther, and Clara Simón-de-Blas. "Emotional Perception in 11S (USA) and 11M (Spain) Advertisement." Communication & Society 33, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.33.4.169-183.

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The aim of this paper is to contrast whether cognitive memory and emotional recall related to a tragic event and exposure to advertisements that evoke such an experience generates a negative emotional change in the target. We performed an experiment that analyzes emotional changes derived from advertisements featured in the national press ten years after terrorist attacks. We chose the attacks: September 11, 2001, in New York City, and March 11, 2004, in Madrid and analyze the cognitive recall in a set of Spanish and United States focus groups. The results show a significant emotional change in the respondents after the advertisement visualization that is more strongly linked to the recall of a negative event than to the advertisement creativity.

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Gunner, Göran. "9/11 and Armageddon: the Christian Right and George W. Bush." Holy Land Studies 2, no. 1 (September 2003): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2003.0009.

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Authors from the Christian Right in the USA situate the September 11 attack on New York and Washington within God's intentions to bring America into the divine schedule for the end of the world. This is true of Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, and other leading figures in the ‘Christian Coalition’. This article analyses how Christian fundamentalists assess the roles of the USA, the State of Israel, Islam, Iraq, the European Union and Russia within what they perceive to be the divine plan for the future of the world, especially against the background of ‘9/11’. It argues that the ideas of the Christian Right and of President George W. Bush coalesce to a high degree. Whereas before 9/11 many American mega-church preachers had aspirations to direct political life, after the events of that day the President assumes some of the roles of a mega-religious leader.

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Goldfarb, David G., Rachel Zeig-Owens, Dana Kristjansson, Jiehui Li, Robert M. Brackbill, Mark R. Farfel, James E. Cone, et al. "Temporal association of prostate cancer incidence with World Trade Center rescue/recovery work." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 78, no. 10 (September 10, 2021): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107405.

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BackgroundThe World Trade Center (WTC) attacks on 11 September 2001 created a hazardous environment with known and suspected carcinogens. Previous studies have identified an increased risk of prostate cancer in responder cohorts compared with the general male population.ObjectivesTo estimate the length of time to prostate cancer among WTC rescue/recovery workers by determining specific time periods during which the risk was significantly elevated.MethodsPerson-time accruals began 6 months after enrolment into a WTC cohort and ended at death or 12/31/2015. Cancer data were obtained through linkages with 13 state cancer registries. New York State was the comparison population. We used Poisson regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CIs; change points in rate ratios were estimated using profile likelihood.ResultsThe analytic cohort included 54 394 male rescue/recovery workers. We observed 1120 incident prostate cancer cases. During 2002–2006, no association with WTC exposure was detected. Beginning in 2007, a 24% increased risk (HR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.32) was observed among WTC rescue/recovery workers when compared with New York State. Comparing those who arrived earliest at the disaster site on the morning of 11 September 2001 or any time on 12 September 2001 to those who first arrived later, we observed a positive, monotonic, dose-response association in the early (2002–2006) and late (2007–2015) periods.ConclusionsRisk of prostate cancer was significantly elevated beginning in 2007 in the WTC combined rescue/recovery cohort. While unique exposures at the disaster site might have contributed to the observed effect, screening practices including routine prostate specific antigen screening cannot be discounted.

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Katz, Craig L., Natalie Gluck, Andrea Maurizio, and Lynn E. DeLisi. "The Medical Student Experience With Disasters and Disaster Response." CNS Spectrums 7, no. 8 (August 2002): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900018216.

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ABSTRACTMedical students from New York City were integrally involved in the response by health professionals to aid the families of victims of the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center. The present study was performed to investigate the emotional impact of this involvement on medical students from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. One hundred fifty-seven students responded to a mail survey that explored their personal and professional involvement in the disaster as well as their psychiatric symptoms in the week after the event and at the time of the survey (3.5 months after the event). Findings suggested a differential emotional impact on female students and on students involved in less supervised and more emotionally intense activities. However, involvement in the relief effort, per se, did not contribute to psychiatric symptomatology. It may have been associated with enhanced professional self-esteem among the students. These findings have implications for future planning of psychiatric response to disasters.

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Nandi, Arijit, Sandro Galea, Jennifer Ahern, and David Vlahov. "Probable Cigarette Dependence, PTSD, and Depression after an Urban Disaster: Results from a Population Survey of New York City Residents 4 Months after September 11, 2001." Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes 68, no. 4 (December 2005): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2005.68.4.299.

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Romeu, Pilar Ferré. "Memories of the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001: A Study of the Consistency and Phenomenal Characteristics of Flashbulb Memories." Spanish Journal of Psychology 9, no. 1 (May 2006): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600005977.

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In this study, I investigated students' memories of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, carried out by Al Qaeda terrorists against the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington. Participants completed on two occasions (2 weeks and 8 months after the events took place) a memory questionnaire that included an assessment of the phenomenal richness of their memories. The results showed that the participants remembered very well the circumstances in which they first heard about the terrorist attacks, that they were very confident about this information, and that these memories were characterized by a high phenomenal richness. Over time, there was a decrease in all of these variables, but people's ratings of phenomenology and confidence were still very high.

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Byrnes, DHum, John D. "Measuring human aggression: How to identify someone who intends to do harm." Journal of Emergency Management 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2003.0020.

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According to the New York Post, New York police officers are to be on the lookout for “men who appear freshly shaven with cuts or nicks-which could indicate a beard had just been removed-as well as anyone with ill-fitting uniforms or ‘unfamiliar forms’ of identification.” 1 American citizens are anxious about their futures, partly because of the inability to identify a terrorist. Consulting statistician W. Edwards Deming popularized the phrase, “If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it.”As part of a mission to prevent human aggression, the author has developed a means of measuring aggression, for use in schools, businesses, and government agencies. After September 11, 2001, these principles of measurement were extended to include identifying a terrorist. This article describes the Complete Aggression Continuum, as well as how and why measuring aggression works.

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Journal articles on the topic 'New York after September 11'

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