Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'New work order'

Fashion is not essential to completing an effective and productive day’s work. Suits, shoulder pads and power dressing are images and phrases that encircle working women and are too often relegated to the empty cubicles of 1980s and 1990s history. The proliferation of internet-mediated commerce meant – in fictional narratives at least - women swapped their Claiborne for geek chic and ‘up all night’ hair, the preferential wear for New Economy employees.1 In the 2000s, the Australian employment industry - fractured, non-standard and fluid - is promoting a new ‘creative’ work order. What are the consequences of this transformation of ideology and iconography for workplace dressing and the bodies of the women who wear it? This doctoral thesis examines the relationship between fashion, clothes, women and work. The goal and methodology of this thesis is the alignment of work theory, with discourses of clothing and fashion, oral history, policy documents and popular culture. Such a research project requires interdisciplinary scholarship that activates debates about women’s bodies, the state of the contemporary working environment and the dissonance in literacies between body and workplace. Through the application of semiotic and cultural studies, as well as drawing on theories of media, gender, labour, leisure, literacy and fashion, I investigate the position of women and their bodies within the contemporary Australian workplace. This thesis deploys oral histories to illuminate how women function in the changing Australian workplace. I have compiled these oral sources in order to capture specific experiences and portray the successes and struggles that are faced by the women employed in these sectors. The function of these histories in this thesis is to provide a memory of, to and for working women, revealing many of the unspoken assumptions and characteristics of the contemporary Australian workforce, such as the New Economy, an increasing non-standard workforce, the myth of ‘work/life balance,’ lifestyle, dissonant bodies in the workplace, and the compartmentalization of work from other social function including family life. Within the nine chapters of this thesis, the research objective is to explore how women’s bodies are located within and negotiate the contemporary Australian workforce. It begins with an examination of the conflation between ‘self-help’ and feminist texts, to map the troubled relationship between gender, power and the female body. The disparate functions of dress and bodies are important focuses in this research. The use of oral history, popular memory theory and the textual analysis of magazines is a way to interrogate the role of women’s bodies and fashion in history. The use of oral and popular cultural sources is intentional. The goal is to develop an alternative system for remembering bodies and clothing, with the aim of transforming their historical relevance. The focal point of this thesis is assessing women’s bodies and fashion in the workplace. By evaluating contemporary trends in women’s work attire, I expose the disparity in the work clothes market in relation to quality, accessibility, functionality and price. This doctoral thesis deploys work theory and the ideologies of the ‘New’ and ‘Old’ Economy. Throughout this project, I trace the differences in workplace customs and representations. The purpose of the thesis – and indeed the original contribution to knowledge – is to demonstrate that women and men must be literate in not only the workplace, but also in workplace clothing. Only when moving from everyday to reflexive literacies can relevant models of discrimination and oppression within the ‘New Economy’ be revealed and addressed. While presenting the voices and views of working women, this research proposes a strategy for a change in education and the requirement of mentoring in relation to careers and the ‘new’ work order. The latter chapters are focussed on tracing working life in the new knowledge economy within Australia. They explore the notion of ‘supplementary’ work in relation to ‘lifestyle’ change and investigates the creative industries, the creative class and ponders the dilemma of the creative industries in Australia. The objective of this thesis is to not only to critique, but also to gather and deploy the words of women in the contemporary workplace, as both inspiration and model for the strategies required to instigate change. The final chapters capture a proactive desire to not only discuss difference, but make a difference. The probing of dissonant literacies in the workplace opens the tight and troubling relationship between women and bodies.

Fashion is not essential to completing an effective and productive day's work. Suits, shoulder pads and power dressing are images and phrases that encircle working women and are too often relegated to the empty cubicles of 1980s and 1990s history. The proliferation of internet-mediated commerce meant - in fictional narratives at least - women swapped their Claiborne for geek chic and 'up all night' hair, the preferential wear for New Economy employees.1 In the 2000s, the Australian employment industry - fractured, non-standard and fluid - is promoting a new 'creative' work order. What are the consequences of this transformation of ideology and iconography for workplace dressing and the bodies of the women who wear it? This doctoral thesis examines the relationship between fashion, clothes, women and work. The goal and methodology of this thesis is the alignment of work theory, with discourses of clothing and fashion, oral history, policy documents and popular culture. Such a research project requires interdisciplinary scholarship that activates debates about women's bodies, the state of the contemporary working environment and the dissonance in literacies between body and workplace. Through the application of semiotic and cultural studies, as well as drawing on theories of media, gender, labour, leisure, literacy and fashion, I investigate the position of women and their bodies within the contemporary Australian workplace. This thesis deploys oral histories to illuminate how women function in the changing Australian workplace. I have compiled these oral sources in order to capture specific experiences and portray the successes and struggles that are faced by the women employed in these sectors. The function of these histories in this thesis is to provide a memory of, to and for working women, revealing many of the unspoken assumptions and characteristics of the contemporary Australian workforce, such as the New Economy, an increasing non-standard workforce, the myth of 'work/life balance', lifestyle, dissonant bodies in the workplace, and the compartmentalization of work from other social function including family life. Within the nine chapters of this thesis, the research objective is to explore how women's bodies are located within and negotiate the contemporary Australian workforce. It begins with an examination of the conflation between 'self-help' and feminist texts, to map the troubled relationship between gender, power and the female body. The disparate functions of dress and bodies are important focuses in this research. The use of oral history, popular memory theory and the textual analysis of magazines is a way to interrogate the role of women's bodies and fashion in history. The use of oral and popular cultural sources is intentional. The goal is to develop an alternative system for remembering bodies and clothing, with the aim of transforming their historical relevance. The focal point of this thesis is assessing women's bodies and fashion in the workplace. By evaluating contemporary trends in women's work attire, I expose the disparity in the work clothes market in relation to quality, accessibility, functionality and price. This doctoral thesis deploys work theory and the ideologies of the 'New' and 'Old' Economy. Throughout this project, I trace the differences in workplace customs and representations. The purpose of the thesis - and indeed the original contribution to knowledge - is to demonstrate that women and men must be literate in not only the workplace, but also in workplace clothing. Only when moving from everyday to reflexive literacies can relevant models of discrimination and oppression within the 'New Economy' be revealed and addressed. While presenting the voices and views of working women, this research proposes a strategy for a change in education and the requirement of mentoring in relation to careers and the 'new' work order. The latter chapters are focussed on tracing working life in the new knowledge economy within Australia. They explore the notion of 'supplementary' work in relation to 'lifestyle' change and investigates the creative industries, the creative class and ponders the dilemma of the creative industries in Australia. The objective of this thesis is to not only to critique, but also to gather and deploy the words of women in the contemporary workplace, as both inspiration and model for the strategies required to instigate change. The final chapters capture a proactive desire to not only discuss difference, but make a difference. The probing of dissonant literacies in the workplace opens the tight and troubling relationship between women and bodies.

Fashion is not essential to completing an effective and productive day's work. Suits, shoulder pads and power dressing are images and phrases that encircle working women and are too often relegated to the empty cubicles of 1980s and 1990s history. The proliferation of internet-mediated commerce meant - in fictional narratives at least - women swapped their Claiborne for geek chic and 'up all night' hair, the preferential wear for New Economy employees.1 In the 2000s, the Australian employment industry - fractured, non-standard and fluid - is promoting a new 'creative' work order. What are the consequences of this transformation of ideology and iconography for workplace dressing and the bodies of the women who wear it? This doctoral thesis examines the relationship between fashion, clothes, women and work. The goal and methodology of this thesis is the alignment of work theory, with discourses of clothing and fashion, oral history, policy documents and popular culture. Such a research project requires interdisciplinary scholarship that activates debates about women's bodies, the state of the contemporary working environment and the dissonance in literacies between body and workplace. Through the application of semiotic and cultural studies, as well as drawing on theories of media, gender, labour, leisure, literacy and fashion, I investigate the position of women and their bodies within the contemporary Australian workplace. This thesis deploys oral histories to illuminate how women function in the changing Australian workplace. I have compiled these oral sources in order to capture specific experiences and portray the successes and struggles that are faced by the women employed in these sectors. The function of these histories in this thesis is to provide a memory of, to and for working women, revealing many of the unspoken assumptions and characteristics of the contemporary Australian workforce, such as the New Economy, an increasing non-standard workforce, the myth of 'work/life balance', lifestyle, dissonant bodies in the workplace, and the compartmentalization of work from other social function including family life. Within the nine chapters of this thesis, the research objective is to explore how women's bodies are located within and negotiate the contemporary Australian workforce. It begins with an examination of the conflation between 'self-help' and feminist texts, to map the troubled relationship between gender, power and the female body. The disparate functions of dress and bodies are important focuses in this research. The use of oral history, popular memory theory and the textual analysis of magazines is a way to interrogate the role of women's bodies and fashion in history. The use of oral and popular cultural sources is intentional. The goal is to develop an alternative system for remembering bodies and clothing, with the aim of transforming their historical relevance. The focal point of this thesis is assessing women's bodies and fashion in the workplace. By evaluating contemporary trends in women's work attire, I expose the disparity in the work clothes market in relation to quality, accessibility, functionality and price. This doctoral thesis deploys work theory and the ideologies of the 'New' and 'Old' Economy. Throughout this project, I trace the differences in workplace customs and representations. The purpose of the thesis - and indeed the original contribution to knowledge - is to demonstrate that women and men must be literate in not only the workplace, but also in workplace clothing. Only when moving from everyday to reflexive literacies can relevant models of discrimination and oppression within the 'New Economy' be revealed and addressed. While presenting the voices and views of working women, this research proposes a strategy for a change in education and the requirement of mentoring in relation to careers and the 'new' work order. The latter chapters are focussed on tracing working life in the new knowledge economy within Australia. They explore the notion of 'supplementary' work in relation to 'lifestyle' change and investigates the creative industries, the creative class and ponders the dilemma of the creative industries in Australia. The objective of this thesis is to not only to critique, but also to gather and deploy the words of women in the contemporary workplace, as both inspiration and model for the strategies required to instigate change. The final chapters capture a proactive desire to not only discuss difference, but make a difference. The probing of dissonant literacies in the workplace opens the tight and troubling relationship between women and bodies.

'Profession' and 'professional' are shifting signifiers that have taken on a range of new meanings in the past two decades as professional occupations have been reshaped by moves to 'flexible' (deregulated and decentred) work processes and work practices. The role of modern professions was significant in terms of the democratic elements of the professionalising project. But how do moves away from the modern bureaucratically-structured professions, and a professional ideal based on the concept of universal service, impact on graduates currently entering professional employment domains in which new 'performativity-based' management regimes are replacing the older control structures? This study draws on a range of sociological literature to explore both the structural and discursive changes in the meaning of profession practice. The study also draws on a number of research projects, including materials from focus group interviews of final year undergraduate students, recruitment brochures, ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics) statistical analyses and DEST (Australia: Department of Employment, Science and Training) graduate destination studies, and policy documents. These materials are used to argue that the employment destinations of those with professional qualifications and credentials are now more stratified and more diverse and no longer necessarily coupled with a lifelong career. In addtion, the new management regimes that accompany the move to more flexible work processes and work practices are changing how those in professional work locations construct their sense of themselves as professional practitioners. Changes in the nature of professional work, and in the structural and discursive location of professional workers, have implications for education and training institutions. These institutions not only prepare workers for these occupational domains but are the main conduits through which access to work in the restructured labour markets is mediated. The study concludes by drawing attention to the need for educational research to be anchored in a 'sociology of employment' that is able to provide a more critical account of the relationship between education and training and entry into high status/low status employment domains.

This study develops a new method to identify a vital input, i.e. failure times of an asset, to reliability models from multiple but commonly-available industrial maintenance databases. A text mining approach is employed to extract useful features from unstructured free texts of different maintenance work records. The proposed method is further developed using Active Learning algorithms to improve the robustness of the results. The outcomes of this study can be used to develop advanced and applicable reliability models from historical maintenance databases, which were not effectively utilised before. Two industry case studies were conducted to justify the method.

This dissertation examines literacy practices in settings that have been transformed by changes in capitalism of the last forty years. These settings are characterized by increased technologization, accrediting processes, team-building, and a requirement for independent critical thinking on the part of workers. The two school-to-work programs included in the dissertation are biotechnology and nursing. Both were sited in a two-year urban community college and both had the characteristics mentioned above. However they also provided a contrast it two ways. First, nursing is a traditional practice that has recently been transformed by changes in capitalism while biotechnology is a completely new field that didn't exist forty years ago. Second, students in these school-to-work programs were pointed towards different class positions within their work settings; biotechnology students toward elite positions, and nurses toward a more traditional and less elite position. The dissertation examines how apprentice workers in these settings learn new practices of a changed capitalism through literacy and other discursive processes as they move back and forth between school and work settings. It also examines students as they learn other aspects of capitalism through the grammars of their respective fields. These include gendered work identities, highly prescriptive critical thinking processes that bear the footprints of a sociohistorical past, and new processes of thinking and acting that are characteristic of a new moment in capitalism.

This dissertation is a variationist sociolinguistic analysis of the variable word order and prosody of copular constructions (Nicolás es feliz versus Feliz es Nicolás, Es Nicolás feliz, Es feliz Nicolás, ‘Nicolas is happy’) in the Spanish of first- and second-generation Spanish-English bilinguals in New York City (henceforth NYC). The data used for the study come from a spoken corpus of Spanish in NYC based on 140 sociolinguistic interviews (details of the corpus will be presented in Chapter Three). This dissertation addresses the question of whether second-generation bilinguals have a less flexible word order in Spanish as a result of their increased use of, and contact with, English, where a more fixed order prevails.

We will show that the informants in the present study, like their peers in Los Angeles and other parts of the US, exhibit a more rigid word order compared to their first-generation peers. We have established that this increase in rigidity of word order among the second-generation can be attributed in large part to their increased use of and contact with English. The studies mentioned above have interpreted their results to mean that these speakers are losing or have lost the discourse pragmatic constraints that govern word order. However, the data here show that the first- and second-generation speakers in the present study share many of the same conditioning variables and constraints for word order, although these variables appear to account for a smaller amount of variance among the second-generation. In this way, we have established that the second-generation is not losing the discourse pragmatic constraints that govern word order, but that they are differently sensitive to these constraints. In fact, we show that second-generation speakers are very capable of communicating the pragmatic functions that the first-generation speakers do using word order because they maintain the prosodic details of their first-generation counterparts. In other words, the second-generation communicates these functions in ways that are slightly different from the first-generation, relying more on prosodic resources than syntactic ones. Furthermore, the data indicate that their prosodic patterns are not modeled after the prosody of English. In general terms we show that the second-generation does not have a different grammar from their first-generation counterparts, as is claimed by other researchers. Instead we show that these speakers favor certain first-generation strategies over others.

BARBOSA, Fabiano Geraldo . Sociedade do conhecimento: um novo paradigma em favor da velha ordem. 2008. 95f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2008.
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The present work entitle: “Society of Knowledge": a new paradigm in favor of old order” has a theoric bibliographic character and aspire to analyze under a critic perspective, duly fundamented in marxian-luckasian theory of centrality of work in reproduction of human life, the vinculation essentials between the social-educational of “society of knowledge” and the period of the structural crisis of Capital, demonstrating, that the mentioned paradigm as a phenomenon of ideologic reproduction in favor of market as organizative central force of human life. This way the priority of this work, is a critic investigation about the essence of paradigm of “society of knowledge”, so as to reaffirm the centrality of work in confront at the misrepresent identification between “society of knowledge” and surmount of capital. In this perspective are collocated in debate some fundamentals questions: Is possible to demarcate historically the appearance of “society of knowledge”? What did change in social scenery that would answer for the elevation of relate society? Until that point the “society of knowledge” would indicate a direct vinculation with the structural crisis of Capital and the project of re-structuration of system? What perspectives sight the called “society of knowledge”? In other words, what the mean philosophic-politic of this paradigm? Where reside her ideologic force? To who interest this paradigm that not avalanche any “competence” directed to exercise of organization and of collective fight with objective of touch in the heart of a system which obvious destructivity menace to collocate a final point in human specie? What the fundaments, of this paradigm? Finally, would be this a new paradigm to serve the old order of Capital? This work has the objective of indicate the complex of factors of sphere of social totality that furnish the material base the revolt of ideology of “society of knowledge”, we appeal beyond of Marx, at the studies of critical thinkers in the present period, which productions can offer importants contributions to a analyze duly fundamental of terms and the philosophic and political means of the actual debate. To finish, the paradigm of “society of knowledge” is inside of the permanent movement, but intensed for structural crisis of Capital, of re-structuration of Capital
O presente trabalho, intitulado “Sociedade do conhecimento”: um novo paradigma em favor da velha ordem, possui caráter teórico-bibliográfico e pretende analisar sob uma perspectiva crítica, devidamente fundamentada na teoria marxiana da centralidade do trabalho na reprodução da vida humana, as vinculações determinantes entre o paradigma sócio-educacional da “sociedade do conhecimento” e o período de crise estrutural do capital, demonstrando, desta feita, o referido paradigma como um fenômeno da reprodução ideológica em favor do mercado como força organizativa central da vida humana. Desta forma é que priorizamos para a delimitação deste trabalho, uma investigação crítica acerca da essência do paradigma da “sociedade do conhecimento”, a fim de reafirmar a centralidade do trabalho em contraposição à falseada identificação entre “sociedade do conhecimento” e superação do capital. Por esse prisma, são postas em debate algumas questões fundamentais: É possível demarcar historicamente o surgimento da “sociedade do conhecimento”? O que mudou no cenário social que responderia pela elevação da referida sociedade? Até que ponto a “sociedade do conhecimento” indicaria uma direta vinculação com a crise estrutural do capital e a conseqüente empreitada de reestruturação do sistema? Para que horizonte aponta a propalada “sociedade do conhecimento”? Dito de outro modo, qual o significado filosófico-político desta categoria? Onde reside a força ideológica desse discurso? A que interesses serve um modelo que não alude a qualquer “competência” dirigida ao exercício da organização e da luta coletiva com vistas a tocar o coração de um sistema, cuja evidente destrutividade ameaça colocar um ponto final na história do gênero humano? Quais os fundamentos, sobre os quais se constrói a “sociedade do conhecimento”? Por fim, seria este um novo paradigma a serviço da velha ordem do capital? Com o objetivo de indicar o complexo de fatores da esfera da totalidade social que fornece a base material para a insurgência do ideário da “sociedade do conhecimento”, recorremos, além de Marx, aos estudos de pensadores críticos da atualidade, cujas produções podem oferecer relevantes contribuições para uma análise adequadamente fundamentada dos termos e do significado filosófico e político-pedagógico do atual debate.

In this essay Murakami Haruki’s novel The Wind Up Bird Chronicle was analysed from the perspective of Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the chronotope. The aim was to explore the concept of time and space as presented in the novel. In particular, the analysis focused on how Bakhtin’s chronotopes can be applied to The Wind Up Bird Chronicle, how the chronotopes can enhance our understanding of the novel, and finally how the chronotope theory can be applied to the concept of ‘magic realism’ that is often used to describe Murakami’s authorship. Four chronotopes, presented by Bachtin, were selected and applied to the novel: every-day life, the road, crisis and the castle. The concept of the chronotope allows analysis of how time and space work together in literature and how they form patterns of correlation in the sujet. Results showed that the four chronotopes were found in the novel, and that they also interacted with each other. The chronotope of everyday-life was apparent throughout the novel, and the narrator was under its control. The narrator also seemed to create every-day life out of the chronotopes of the road and crisis by re-living the crises in the road. These three chronotopes seemed inseparable in The Wind Up Bird Chronicle. Finally, the fourth chronotope, the castle, illustrated how a concrete room in the novel, a house, became a part of time and space through a character who, by his presence, gave the impression of slowing down time. When this character disappeared, time made its way through space, making the chronotope of the castle visible. The essay concludes that the chronotope theory was a relevant way to analyse The Wind Up Chronicle as it provided a concept of how time and space appeared together in a novel where time and space is always present. The analysis helped creating a way of understanding the patterns in the novel, which were not always clear, thereby also increasing the understanding of The Wind Up Bird Chronicle.

La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.
La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de modelos personalizados. Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria, el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos. El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución. Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.

The introduction of a new computerised School Management System (SMS) into Queensland school offices in 1996 is linked to broad shifts in public sector workplace reform under the rhetoric of flexibility and efficiency through new information technologies. This study provides a socio-technical exploration of how the globalising interests of the capitalist state materialise as work practices through the institution of a new, computerised management system, with a focus on the 'engineering' work efforts of the female administration workers in specific school sites.

The study takes place during the initial phase of the introduction of SMS into two school offices in regional Queensland, taking advantage of the rare opportunity to see the innovation before it becomes normalised practice. The research was conducted first as policy analysis and then in two school offices with the researcher working as participant/observer during the initial phase-in of SMS. The data is presented as ten 'stories' which are analysed in three data chapters whose foci are state networks, the work of innovation and gendered work. Using the framework of Actor Network Theory (e.g.Callon 1986; Latour 1991; Law 1986,1997), it is possible to see the early policy phase of SMS as globalising networks of the state working to stabilise sociotechnical relations that promote initiatives for Information Management Systems in public sector administrations, including schools. By following the actors, the work of the government-led initiative at this early stage is visible as translations taking place through multiple 'nested networks' of the state including supra-national organisations, government policies, Prime Minister's speeches and school policy. Once SMS is introduced into school offices, the study shows how workers become enrolled in the state agenda for administrative work reform, enabling SMS to establish itself as an Obligatory Passage Point for school administrative work. The 'articulation' work of the female school office workers is seen as central to the success of SMS in schools as their work relationships with SMS produces 'well-drilled bodies' in the service of the state. A feminist post-structuralist analysis of the female SMS workers, as historically constituted, specifically sexed 'bodies', is then employed to take into account the politics of the gendered, embodied, cyborg worker and her role in the formation and normalisation of a 'new work order' in school administrations.

In this study, the new technology is made visible as socio-technical relations shaping work in ways that have to do with the exercise of power between the representative body/technology networks. The study's significance lies in the way it makes visible the processes of the politics of the state becoming embodied in SMS in local sites or networks of humans and computers, a cyborg entity whose relations are developed and maintained by the female administrative workers in schools. SMS is thus explained not as a neutral 'tool' to achieve state policy, nor as technologically determined; nor is a human-centric approach taken to explain the emergence of the specific forms of work at the local site. The 'new work order' in schools has emerged out of the socio-technical relations performed by specific body/technology networks of humans and machines in multiple local work sites. Through IT, globalising local networks employ women's working bodies to institute a new reform agenda for school administrative work that facilitates closer regulation and steerage from a distance.

Tese de doutoramento em Ciências Jurídicas (especialidade de Ciências Jurídicas Gerais)
A prostituição foi sempre uma realidade passível de diferentes juízos de valor, essencialmente reprovadores. Para grande parte das pessoas, alguém que pratica a prostituição ou é anormal, imoral ou é um ser humano prostituído por uma sociedade patriarcal e sem igualdade de oportunidades. Para outras, entre elas a maioria das pessoas que a pratica, é um trabalho, com particularidades, mas ainda assim um trabalho. Os modelos jurídicos respeitantes à prostituição são muitos e diferentes, mas há cinco principais: o regulamentador, o abolicionista, o proibicionista, o neoabolicionista e o legalizador. Na Europa, os legisladores mostram uma tendência neoabolicionista, que inclui a criminalização de quem compra prostituição como mais um meio para atingir o fim de a erradicar – por ser intrinsecamente má. A luta contra o tráfico de pessoas, exploração sexual, prostituição infantil e promoção da igualdade das mulheres sustenta esta posição. A maioria das pessoas que se prostitui discorda de tal política, porque não leva à extinção da prostituição e porque a estigmatização e a marginalização da sua atividade aumentam a exposição a diferentes perigos. Estas pessoas reivindicam respeito pela sua escolha profissional, igualdade e direitos sociais – pois “only rights can stop wrongs”. Ambas as partes defendem que se trata de proteger e promover direitos humanos. Analisaremos alguns instrumentos de direitos humanos, a forma como diferentes sistemas jurídicos regulam a prostituição e os principais argumentos a favor e contra a sua legalização. Discutiremos também as principais questões que se colocam neste campo ao nível do Direito nacional, constitucional, criminal e civil, entre outros. Em Portugal, ao contrário de outros países, o assunto não faz parte da agenda legislativa, mas diferentes atores da sociedade, incluindo políticos, académicos e O.N.G.’s, como a Rede Sobre Trabalho Sexual, reclamam contra o statu quo, defendendo a profissionalização da prostituição. Cremos que se justifica aferir o resultado do abolicionismo em vigor, durante os últimos 37 anos, e discutir a opção legislativa portuguesa sobre a prostituição. Independentemente da posição que se adote, trata-se efetivamente de uma matéria de direitos humanos.
Prostitution has always been a reality subject to different judgments of value, censorious in essence. To most people, someone who practises prostitution is either abnormal or immoral, or is a prostituted human-being, a victim of exploitation by a patriarchal society and without equality of oportunities. To others, amongst them the majority of those who do it, it is a work with specificities but nonetheless a work. The juridical models with regards prostitution are many and different, but there are five which can be considered as the main ones: regulamentation, abolitionism, prohibitionism, neo-abolitionism and legalisation. In Europe legislators show a neo-abolitionist tendency, which includes criminalising those who buy prostitution as an additional means to eradicate it – for being intrinsically bad. The fight against trafficking in persons, sexual exploitation, child prostitution and promoting the equality of women sustains this stance. The majority of those who are prostitutes disagree with such policy, not only because it does not lead to the extinction of prostitution, but also because stigmatisation and marginalisation of their activity increases the exposure to different dangers. These people claim respect for their professional choice, equality and social rights, as any other worker, because only rights can stop wrongs. Both sides defend it as about protecting and promoting Human Rights. Along this work we will analyse some instruments of human rights, the way different juridical systems regulate prostitution and the main arguments in favour and against its legalisation. We will address also the main questions posed in this regards in the national constitutional, criminal and civil, amongst others, fields of law. In Portugal, in contrast to other countries, the issue is not on the legislative agenda, but different social actors, including politicians, scholars and Rede Sobre Trabalho Sexual (Network on Sex Work) complain against the statu quo, defending the professionalisation of prostitution. We believe it is justifiable to assess the result of the abolitionism in force, over the past 37 years, and to discuss the Portuguese legislative option on prostitution. Regardless of the position one adopts, it is indeed a matter of Human Rights.