Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'New South Wales Public Service'
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1
Gordon, Raymond Daniel. "The constitution of power in the New South Wales Police Service /." Electronic version, 2003. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20040825.173438/index.html.
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Gillies, Donald Robert. "Perception of change in education, training and development in the NSW Royal Police Service, post the Wood Royal Commission /." Electronic version, 2005. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20060822.160739/index.html.
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Crickmore, Barbara Lee. "An historical perspective on the academic education of deaf children in New South Wales 1860s - 1990s." Diss., Connect to this title online, 2000. http://www.newcastle.edu.au/services/library/adt/public/adt-NNCU20030228.130002/index.html.
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Schulz, Robinson Shirley Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Contextualizing implementation of the community health program: a case study of the Hunter region, New South Wales 1974 -1989." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26248.
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How health care is best provided remains topical, contentious, and political. Debates continue over funding allocation and the weighting placed on preventive, curative, institutional and community services. Such debates were evident in 1973 when a new Federal Labor Government began to reform Australia's health system by implementing a national Community Health Program policy. Implementation led to the establishment of community health centres and multi-disciplinary teams. Studies have generally concluded that community health centre teams have ???failed??? to achieve the goals of this policy. This study sought to answer one broad question. How was the community health program policy implemented, in what context did this event occur, what processes were used and why, and how did generalist community nurses participate? This case study of the Hunter Region, New South Wales, between 1974 and 1989, was based on data collected from four sources: over five hundred documents and archives, including relevant literature, epidemiological studies, centre records, official government and newspaper reports; 69 in-depth interviews with practitioners and administrators; and participant observation. The findings revealed that implementation was hindered by political, administrative and professional impediments. However, practitioners established and provided a broad range of relevant new services by changing the way they practised. Generalist community nurses worked with non-government, private and public organisations offering health, educational and social services. As boundary riders they filled structural holes and created social capital. Conclusions drawn were first, that context strongly influenced how public health policies were implemented and the services offered by different discipline groups. Second, teamwork would have been improved had pre-service health professional education fostered a common understanding of the aim of health care and the broader determinants of health. Third, a preventive orientation needed reinforcing via an organisational context, administrative processes, ongoing learning opportunities and leadership. Fourth, generalist community nurses??? commitment to a preventive approach was embedded in a growing understanding of people's circumstances and health problems. Finally, while policy implementation was constrained in the Hunter Region during the study period it achieved what its architects intended, that is, a broader mix of accessible services, and collaboration between organisations and groups as the boundaries that maintained their separation were bridged.
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Sorby, Janet, and n/a. "ASCIS subject headings and student terminology : the relationship between the subject headings used in manual school library catalogues in New South Wales and the subject access terms generated by NSW Higher School Certificate syllabus documents, textbooks and examination questions." University of Canberra. Communication, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050516.152713.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the concerns of secondary school teacher-librarians, that the subject headings set down by the Australian Schools Catalogue Information Service (ASCIS) do not cover topics in senior sourses of study. NSW HSC Economics was chosen to test this perception.
Terms were extracted from three textual sources (syllabus, textbook and examination papers) and checked against the subject headings in the ASCIS Subject Headings List. A comparison was made between terms which matched exactly, those which were only partially matched and those which had no match. The linguistic complexity of the term (single-word or multi-word) and the number of textual sources using the term were also taken into account.
The results showed a varying degree of match between textual terms and subject headings. Single-word terms found in more than one textual source were much more likely to be found in the subject headings than those from only one textual source. Multi-word terms were found less frequently than single-word terms, but were also more likely to be found when they came from more than one textual source. There was a large number of partial matches in this group, and these were found to be more general in concept than the textual terms.
Most of the terms were found, but the general nature of the partial matches and the lack of adequate cross references may cause problems in subject analysis and retrieval.
6
Wood, Susan, and s2000093@student rmit edu au. "Creative embroidery in New South Wales, 1960 - 1975." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070206.160246.
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In the years between 1960 and 1975 in NSW there emerged a loosely connected network of women interested in modern or creative embroidery. The Embroiderers' Guild of NSW served as a focus for many of these women, providing opportunities for them to exhibit their work, and to engage in embroidery education as teachers or as learners. Others worked independently, exhibited in commercial galleries and endeavoured to establish reputations as professional artists. Some of these women were trained artists and wanted embroidery to be seen as 'art'; others were enthusiastic amateurs, engaged in embroidery as a form of 'serious leisure'. They played a significant role in the development of creative embroidery and textile art in NSW and yet, for the most part, their story is absent from the narratives of Australian art and craft history. These women were involved in a network of interactions which displayed many of the characteristics of more organised art worlds, as posite d by sociologist Howard Becker. They produced work according to shared conventions, they established co-operative links with each other and with other organisations, they organised educational opportunities to encourage others to take up creative embroidery and they mounted exhibitions to facilitate engagement with a public audience. Although their absence from the literature suggests that they operated in isolation, my research indicates that there were many points of contact between the embroidery world, the broader craft world and the fine art community in NSW. This thesis examines the context in which creative embroiderers worked, discusses the careers of key individuals working at this time, explores the interactions between them, and evaluates the influence that they had on later practice in embroidery and textiles in NSW.
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Keogh, Andrew James. "Systems management of Glenbrook Lagoon, New South Wales /." View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030519.153643/index.html.
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Elliott, Malcolm Gordon. "Grass tetany of cattle in New South Wales /." View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030424.150628/index.html.
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Wilton, Kylee Margaret, and res cand@acu edu au. "Coastal Wetland Habitat Dynamics in Selected New South Wales Estuaries." Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences, 2002. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp29.29082005.
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Intertidal wetland habitats in southeastern Australia have changed significantly during the past sixty years. Mangrove habitats have expanded both seawards and landwards, the latter being at the expense of saltmarsh habitats. This relatively common phenomenon is generally suggested to be an outcome of sea-level rise. Several factors potentially responsible for this change are examined, including changes in mean sealevel during the past 50 to 100 years, changes in climate, population growth, catchment landuse, and estuary type. A protocol for mapping estuarine habitats was developed and implemented, incorporating the application of geographic information systems. Spatial and temporal coastal wetland habitat changes at nine sites along the New South Wales coast are illustrated. These habitat dynamics were shown to not correlate between sites. The results demonstrate that sea-level rise in this region cannot solely account for the extent of change during the past sixty years. With the exception of one site (Careel Bay), there have been no correlations between contemporary mean sea-level rise and mangrove incursion of the saltmarsh habitats at the study sites, or with rainfall patterns, at the scale of observation in this study, which was largely decadal. The only correlations determined during this study have been between population growth and coastal wetland habitat dynamics in some sites. In spite of saltmarsh habitat loss being a regional phenomenon, local factors appear to have a profound bearing on the rates of change. Neither contemporary mean sea-level rise, rainfall patterns, estuary type, catchment landuse, catchment natural cover nor population pressure can account solely for the patterns in the spatial and temporal dynamics of the coastal wetlands of New South Wales. It seems apparent that regional factors create preconditions favourable for mangrove incursion, but that localised conditions have been responsible for the extent of these incursions from site to site. That is, despite higher sea-level and greater rainfall, the extent of change has been determined by the unique characteristics of each site. The results have important implications for current estuary management practices in the state of New South Wales. The lack of spatial and temporal trends in coastal wetland habitat dynamics point to the need for management to be conducted on a localised, rather than regional scale. Additionally, anthropogenic influences must be carefully managed, since the extent of mangrove habitat expansion into saltmarsh areas is unlikely to be a natural occurrence.
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Ashton, Clare. "KARITANE’S CONTRIBUTION TO PUBLIC HEALTH IN NEW SOUTH WALES 1923-2000." University of Sydney, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6101.
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Master of Philosophy in Public HealthThis thesis is about the substantial service Karitane provided in the teaching of mothercraft to guide parents in the care of their young children in New South Wales. At first called the Australian Mothercraft Society, it emerged in New South Wales as a voluntary organisation in 1923, closely allied to New Zealand’s Plunket Society founded in 1907 by Sir Truby King. Karitane was at its most active in the 1940s when it provided over a quarter of Sydney’s residential mothercraft services. Its beginnings were overshadowed by conflict and the New South Wales Department of Public Health did not acknowledge Karitane until the 1960s. Until then Karitane was absent from the public record of services for mother and baby in NSW. Sydney’s Eastern Suburbs community and the Karitane Products Society in New Zealand supported Karitane before it integrated into New South Wales’ government supported health services. Throughout it delivered on its aims of teaching mothers ways of caring for infants, disseminating knowledge about the care of young children and preparing specialist nurses. The main theme of this thesis is the ‘moving frontier’ that is the boundary between the voluntary providers of health services and governmental provision of health services. Karitane’s development has depended on the politics of health care at Commonwealth, State and local levels. The secondary themes derive from the competition for scarce resources amongst the professional groups involved; doctors, nurses and health service administrators. Karitane’s experience has not been unique; it has followed a trajectory common to voluntary organizations providing personal care services through the twentieth century and it has conformed to trends in public health. Sometimes Karitane led the trends and sometimes it trailed; it adapted to circumstances but it retains a degree of independence. Shining through all the problems with resources are the human experiences of appreciative mothers who used Karitane’s services and the dedicated staff and supporters who provided mothercentred help with the care of infants. The mother/infant relationship continues to be a central concern for public health. This study of Karitane gives a longitudinal perspective on the contribution of a small band of skilled people with a clear mission to provide services to assist mothers with their babies and young children.
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Hunter, David, and n/a. "Conservation Management of Two Threatened Frog Species in South-Eastern New South Wales, Australia." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081020.142239.
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The decline and extinction of amphibian species over the past three decades is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest biodiversity crises of modem time. Providing convincing data to support hypotheses about these declines has proved difficult, which has greatly restricted the development and implementation of management actions that may prevent further amphibian declines and extinctions from occurring. In this thesis, I present research that was undertaken as part of the recovery programs for the southern corroboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree), and the Booroolong frog (Litoria booroolongensis); two species that underwent very rapid declines in distribution and abundance during the 1980's. More specifically, I investigated potential causal factors in the declines of both species using experimental and correlative studies, and examined the mechanisms by which one threatening process (chytridiomycosis) may be causing continued decline and extinction in P. corroboree. I also examined the implications of population dynamics for monitoring L. booroolongensis, and suggest a possible monitoring strategy that may reliably facilitate the implementation of recovery objectives for this species. I also tested one possible reintroduction technique aimed at preventing the continued decline and extinction of P. corroboree populations.
In Chapters 2 and 3, I present the results from a series of experiments in artificial enclosures designed to examine whether the tadpoles of L. booroolongensis are susceptible to predation by co-occurring introduced predatory fish species; brown trout (Salmo trutta), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), European carp (Cyprinus carpio), redfin perch (Percafluviatilis), and mosquito fish (Gambusia holbrooki). I demonstrated that the tadpoles of L. booroolongensis, and a closely related species Litoria lesueuri, were palatable to non-native trout species, but not to two native predatory fish species, Gadopsis bispinosus and Galaxias olidus. A pond breeding frog species included in this experiment, Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, was palatable to both the native and non-native fish species. In a separate experiment I also demonstrated that the tadpole of L. booroolongensis is palatable to the three other introduced fish species examined in this study; C. carpio, P. fluviatilis, and G. holbrooki. In three of the experiments, the provision of rock within enclosures as a potential refuge habitat did not afford protection to L. booroolongensis tadpoles from
predation by any of the five introduced fish species examined. While all the introduced fish species tested here did consume L. booroolongensis tadpoles, the results also suggested that chemical unpalatability might afford some level of protection against some of these fish species. Firstly, the addition of alternative prey items in one of the experiments reduced the proportion of tadpoles consumed, suggesting that L. booroolongensis may not be a preferred prey item. Secondly, the proportion of tadpoles consumed varied greatly among the different fish species examined, suggesting differing levels of palatability. Overall, this study supports previous research in suggesting that chemical unpalatability may be an important strategy for the tadpoles of riverine frog species in south-eastern Australia to avoid predation by native fish species, and that this strategy is less effective against introduced fish species. While L. booroolongensis currently persists in streams inhabited by a number of introduced fish species, this study supports the likelihood that these species are having a negative impact on populations of L. booroolongensis in the wild.
In Chapter 4, I present the results of a study aimed at examining potential monitoring techniques for L. booroolongensis. The results of a mark-recapture exercise demonstrated that L. booroolongensis may exhibit large fluctuations in abundance from one year to the next, and through a prospective power analysis approach, I demonstrated that it would be difficult to confidently identify population trends of interest using either indices or estimates of abundance for this species. An assessment of the capacity to identify the presence or absence of L. booroolongensis using nighttime
spotlight surveys demonstrated the high detectability of this species using this technique, at both the scale of 300-meter sections of stream and individual breeding areas (typically less than 10-meters of stream). This study suggests that the monitoring objectives of the L. booroolongensis recovery program would be most effectively achieved using presence/absence surveys at different scales.
In Chapter 5, I present the results of a field survey aimed at determining the current distribution and habitat requirements of L. booroolongensis in the South West Slopes region of New South Wales. Of the 163 sites I surveyed across 49 streams,I located
L. booroolongensis along 77 of these sites from 27 streams. Based on population and habitat connectivity, this study identified 18 populations of L. booroolongensis that
are likely to be operating as independent populations. Twelve of these populations are not represented in conservation reserves, but rather occur along streams that flow through the agricultural landscape. A broad scale habitat analysis identified a positive relationship between extent of rock structures along the stream and the occurrence of
L. booroolongensis, and a negative relationship between the proportion of canopy cover and this species' occurrence. At the breeding habitat scale, this study identified a positive relationship between the presence of breeding males and; number of rock crevices in the aquatic environment, extent of emergent rocks, and proportion pool. This analysis also detected a negative relationship between occupancy and water depth. These results confirm previous work suggesting the importance of rocky stream habitats to the persistence of L. booroolongensis, but also suggest how disturbance processes, such as increasing sedimentation and weed invasion, may reduce the suitability of rocky structures as breeding sites.
In Chapter 6, I investigated current levels of amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) infection in corroboree frog populations, and used retrospective screening of museum specimens to assess the possibility that this pathogen was implicated in the initial decline of the corroboree frogs. Using histology, I did not detect any B. dendrobatidis infections in corroboree frog populations prior to their decline, however using the same technique, moderate levels of infection were detected in post-decline populations of both species. Real-time PCR screening of skin swabs identified much higher overall infection rates in post-decline populations of P. corroboree (between 44% and 59%), while significantly lower rates of infection were observed in P. pengilleyi populations (14%). These results suggest that the initial and continued decline of the corroboree frogs may well be attributed to the emergence of B. dendrobatidis in populations of these species.
In Chapter 7, I investigated how B. dendrobatidis may be causing the continued decline of P. corroboree through the presence of an abundant reservoir host for this pathogen. I found that populations of adult C. signifera in sub-alpine bogs carry high
B. dendrobatidis infection rates (86%), but appear unaffected by this infection. An experiment involving the release of P. corroboree tadpoles into 15 natural pools resulted in metamorphs from seven of these pools testing positive for B. dendrobatidis, with all these individuals dying soon after metamorphosis. These
results support the possibility that B. dendrobatidis infection in P. corroboree populations is being facilitated by the presence of large numbers of infected C. signifera in the shared environment.
Chapter 8 presents the results of a population augmentation study for P. corroboree. I investigated the extent to which increasing recruitment to metamorphosis may result in population recovery in this species. This was undertaken by harvesting eggs from the field and rearing them through to mid stage tadpoles over the winter period prior to being released back to their natal ponds in spring. While I was able to increase recruitment to metamorphosis by an average of 20 percent, this did not result in a noticeable influence on the subsequent adult population size, as both manipulated and non-manipulated sites declined over the course of this study by an average of 80 percent. I observed a positive relationship between natural recruitment to a late tadpole stage and subsequent adult male population size, however there was considerable variation associated with this relationship. The relationship between recruitment and subsequent population size at the augmentation sites was consistent with the relationship observed at the non-manipulated sites. These results suggest that recruitment to metamorphosis may not be the most important life stage restricting the population recovery of P. corroboree, but that mortality during post-metamorphic stages may be more important in regulating current population size. Hence, further attempts to use captive rearing to increase P. corroboree populations in the wild should focus on the release of post-metamorphic frogs.
Overall, this thesis demonstrates the value of quantitative research to the implementation and progress of threatened species recovery programs. While this research will specifically contribute to the recovery programs for L. booroolongensis
and P. corroboree, it more broadly contributes to the understanding and capacity to respond to the concerning levels of amphibian extinctions currently occurring throughout the world.
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Wahl, Douglas E., and n/a. "The management of flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) in New South Wales." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.152804.
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Throughout their world distribution, fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) play an extremely
important role in forest ecology through seed dispersal and pollination. However, the
recognition of their role in maintaining forest ecological diversity has been largely
overshadowed by the fact that fruit bats are known to cause damage to a wide variety of
cultivated fruits and, as a result, significant effort is undertaken to control fruit bat numbers
in areas where crop damage frequently occurs.
In Australia, fruit bats of the genus Pteropus (or flying foxes) are well known for their role
in destroying valuable fruit crops, particularly along the east coast from Cairns to Sydney.
Historical evidence suggests that flying foxes have been culled as an orchard pest in large
numbers for the past 80 years. Uncontrolled culling both on-farm and in roosts coupled
with extensive habitat destruction in the past century, has resulted in noticeable declines
both in flying fox distribution and local population numbers.
In New South Wales, flying foxes have been 'protected' under the National Parks and
Wildlife Act (1974) since 1986. From that time, fruitgrowers have been required to obtain
a licence (referred to as an occupier's licence) from the National Parks and Wildlife Service
(NPWS) to cull flying foxes causing damage to fruit crops. However, despite the
'protected' status of the species, flying foxes continue to be culled in large numbers as an
orchard pest.
An examination of the management of flying foxes in NSW, has shown that, between
1986-1992, fifteen NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Districts issued a combined
total of 616 occupier's licences to shoot flying foxes with an total allocation of over
240,000 animals. In addition, most flying foxes are culled when the female is carrying her
young under wing or when the young remain in the camp but continue to be dependent on
her return for survival. Further evidence on the extent of culling includes a widely
distributed fruitgrower survey with responses indicating that as few as 50% of the
fruitgrowers shooting flying foxes in NSW obtain the required licence from the National
Parks and Wildlife Service.
While the NPWS has undertaken research into the role of flying foxes in seed dispersal and
pollination, management effort largely continues to focus on resolving conflicts between
fruitgrowers and flying foxes primarily by issuing culling permits to fruitgrowers. At
present, there is no NPWS policy on the management of flying foxes in NSW to guide the
administration of the permit system. As a result, the process of issuing permits for flying
foxes is largely inconsistent between NPWS Districts.
The absence of comprehensive goals and objectives for the management of flying foxes has
resulted in the current situation where large numbers of flying foxes are being culled both
legally and illegally in the absence of any data on the impacts of unknown culling levels on
local flying fox populations.
The NPWS has a statutory obligation to manage flying foxes consistent with the 'protected'
status of the species in NSW and several well known principles of wildlife management.
However, current management of flying foxes in indicates that the Service may be in
violation of the requirement to 'protect' and 'conserve' flying foxes as required under the
National Parks and Wildlife Act (1974).
This study recommends that licences issued to fruitgrowers to cull flying foxes be
discontinued immediately and that adequate enforcement be engaged to reduce illegal
shooting. This action should continue until such time that research on flying fox
populations is able to demonstrate that the culling of flying foxes will not lead populations
into decline. Furthermore, management effort should focus on the development of
alternative strategies to reduce crop damage by flying foxes and provide incentives for
growers to utilize existing control strategies such as netting.
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Hunter, David. "Conservation management of two threatened frog species in South-Eastern New South Wales, Australia /." full text via ADT, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20081020.142239/index.html.
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Smith, Martin Lancaster, and martin smith@anu edu au. "Towards a Geochronology for Long-term Landscape Evolution, Northwestern New South Wales." The Australian National University. Research School of Earth Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061026.141414.
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The study area extends from west of the Great Divide to the Broken Hill and Tibooburra regions of far western New South Wales, encompassing several important mining districts that not only include the famous Broken Hill lodes (Pb-Zn-Ag), but also Parkes (Cu-Au), Peak Hill (Au), Cobar (Cu-Au-Zn) and White Cliffs (opal). The area is generally semi-arid to arid undulating to flat terrain covered by sparse vegetation.
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During the Cretaceous, an extensive sea retreated across vast plains, with rivers draining from the south and east. After the uplift of the Great Divide associated with opening of the Tasman Sea in the Late Cretaceous, drainage swung to the west, cutting across the Darling River Lineament. The Murray-Darling Basin depression developed as a depocentre during the Paleogene. Climates also underwent dramatic change during the Cenozoic, from warm-humid to cooler, more seasonal climates, to the arid conditions prevalent today. Up until now, there has been very little temporal constraint on the development of this landscape over this time period. This study seeks to address the timing of various weathering and landscape evolution events in northwestern New South Wales.
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The application of various regolith dating methods was undertaken. Palaeomagnetic dating, clay δ18O dating, (U+Th)/He and U-Pb dating were all investigated. Palaeomagnetic and clay dating methods have been well established in Australian regolith studies for the last 30 years. More recently, (U+Th)/He dating has been successfully trialled both overseas and in Australia. U-Pb dating of regolith materials has not been undertaken. Each method dates different regolith forming processes and materials. Palaeomagnetic and clay dating were both successfully carried out for sites across northwestern New South Wales, providing a multi-technique approach to resolving the timing of weathering events. Although (U+Th)/He dating was unsuccessful, there is scope for further refinement of the technique, and its application to regolith dating. U-Pb dating was also unsuccessfully applied to late-stage anatase, which is a cement in many Australian silcretes.
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Results from this study indicate that the landscape evolution and weathering history of northwestern New South Wales dates back at least 60 million years, probably 100 million years, and perhaps even as far back as 180 million years. The results imply that northwestern New South Wales was continuously sub-aerially exposed for the last 100 Ma, indicating that marine sedimentation in the Murray-Darling and Eromanga-Surat Basins was separated by this exposed region. The ages also provide further evidence for episodic deep chemical weathering under certain climatic conditions across the region, and add to the data from across Australia for similar events. In particular, the palaeomagnetic ages, which cluster at ~60 ± 10 Ma and 15 ± 10 Ma, are recorded in other palaeomagnetic dating studies of Australian regolith. The clay ages are more continuous across the field area, but show older clays in the Eromanga Basin sediments at White Cliffs and Lightning Ridge, Eocene clays in the Cobar region, and Oligocene Miocene clays in the Broken Hill region, indicating progressively younger clay formation from east to west across northwestern New South Wales, in broad agreement with previously published clay weathering ages from around Australia.
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These weathering ages can be reconciled with reconstructions of Australian climates from previously published work, which show a cooling trend over the last 40 Ma, following an extended period of high mean annual temperatures in the Paleocene and Eocene. In conjunction with this cooling, total precipitation decreased, and rainfall became more seasonal. The weathering ages fall within periods of wetness (clay formation), the onset of seasonal climate (clay formation and palaeomagnetic weathering ages) and the initiation of aridity in the late Miocene (palaeomagnetic weathering ages).
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This study provides initial weathering ages for northwestern New South Wales, and, a broad geochronology for the development of the landscape of the region. Building on the results of this study, there is much scope for further geochronological work in the region.
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Ackerman, Benjamin R. "Regolith geochemical exploration in the Girilambone District of New South Wales." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20051027.095334/index.html.
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Smith, Martin Lancaster. "Towards a geochronology for long-term landscape evolution, Northwestern New South Wales /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20061026.141414/index.html.
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Scrivener, Gladys. ""Rescuing the rising generation" : industrial schools in New South Wales, 1850-1910 /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030707.163231/index.html.
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Hardiman, Nigel John. "Visitor impact management in canyons of the Blue Mountains, New South Wales /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030708.115013/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003."Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Centre for Integrated Catchment Management, University of Western Sydney, April 2003" Bibliography : leaves 338-356.
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Qu, Wenchuan. "Studies on nitrogen cycling processes in Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050302.161641/index.html.
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Holzapfel, Michael, and n/a. "Regolith-landform mapping and dryland salinity investigaton: Booberoi-Quandialla Transect, Western New South Wales." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060519.144945.
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Landholders in the Booberoi to Quandialla (B-Q) Transect area, located in central west
NSW, have been concerned about an emerging dryland salinity problem since the late
1990�s (Wooldridge 2002, pers. comm. Muller 2002, pers. comm.) with borehole
information and electromagnetic induction investigations supporting anecdotal
observations. The presence of indicator vegetation, waterlogging of soils and
salinisation of land are becoming increasingly prevalent, with two well-documented
sites including �Strathairlie� near Quandialla, and �Back Creek� near West Wyalong.
The B-Q Transect area lies within the Bland Creek Catchment, a broad open plain of
subdued topography and restricted drainage receiving sediments from elevated rises
located to the west, south and east. Significant deposits of transported alluvial materials
have in-filled the catchment to depths in excess of 160 m and have posed a particular
impediment to regional-scale mineral exploration. Stream flow across the alluvial
plains and low angle alluvial fans is intermittent with most of the flow being diverted
into groundwater storage or lost to evaporation. Rarely do streams flow into Lake
Cowal to the north.
A partial electromagnetic (EM) induction survey coupled with a long term bore and
piezometer network monitoring program have been implemented by the Department of
Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources (DIPNR � formerly Department of Land
and Water Conservation) Central West NSW Salt Group. These programs allow for
initial, broad-scale evaluation of the magnitude and spatial distribution of the salinity
problem but fail to pinpoint remaining sites at risk as well as the mechanisms of salt
emplacement.
As part of an approach to assist with hazard mitigation and land management, two
regolith-landform maps are being compiled using 1:20,000 scales in the Back Creek and
Quandialla areas. A third, more regional regolith-landform map at 1:50,000 scale
(Holzapfel & Moore 2003a, b & c) provides context for the more detailed mapping
areas. The new regolith-landform maps will aid in interpretation of existing geophysical
techniques, help piece together the three-dimensional characteristics of the Bland Creek
catchment, aid in the development of a shallow fluid flow and palaeotopographic model
and assist land managers in formulating land management units (LMU�s).
The three-dimensional integration of regolith-landform mapping, electromagnetic
studies, bore information and other geophysical methods is critical in determining the
interaction, distribution and movement of groundwater in the Bland Creek Catchment as
buried palaeochannels represent preferred fluid pathways. The distribution of these
palaeochannels has implications for future dryland salinity outbreaks, the remediation of
current outbreaks and mineral exploration closer to the well-known Wyalong Goldfield
(Lawrie et al., 1999).
The western quarter of the B-Q Transect area partially overlaps with the recently
completed GILMORE Project (Lawrie et al., 2003a,b & c), a multi-disciplinary study,
coordinated by Geoscience Australia (GA) and the Bureau of Rural Sciences (BRS).
Regolith-landform information in addition to gamma-ray spectrometry, magnetics,
airborne electromagnetics and a digital elevation model acquired by the GILMORE
Project have been incorporated into regolith-landform maps over the B-Q Transect. The
incorporation of these datasets has helped not only extend the usefulness of the
GILMORE Project data but provide a consistent, regolith-landform coverage for the
broader Bland Creek Catchment.
Regolith-landform mapping has been successful in highlighting major recharge zones
for local and intermediate flow systems. The mechanisms for dryland salinity at two
well-known sites have also been determined. Increasing salt stores are occurring
through evaporation of intermittent floodwaters sourced from floodplains, back plains
and broad meandering existing creek systems and recharging partially exposed
palaeochannels intersecting the surface. Due to the shallow nature of these partially
exposed palaeochannels, evaporation further concentrates the salt load in the soil
profile. It is unknown if mapped shallow palaeochannels further away from current
drainage systems are affected by rising salt loads.
Regolith-landform mapping highlights two additional risk factors common to the
1:50,000 and 1:20,000 scale B-Q Transect mapping areas including widespread
waterlogging of soils and wind erosion. Due to the subdued topography, features such
as gilgai, fences and roads are having an effect on drainage modification. Wind erosion
was also observed to play a major role within the B-Q Transect with significant loss of
topsoil creating hardened clay surfaces resistant to water infiltration and significant
redistributed deposits of aeolian materials.
Interpretation of regolith-landform mapping against geophysical datasets and drill hole
data show considerable lateral and vertical variation of regolith units. This variation of
regolith distribution with depth does not reduce the effectiveness of using regolithlandform
mapping as a valued management tool. The subdued relief coupled with the
complex interplay between recharge zones, discharge zones and surficial drainage
networks over the B-Q Transect still requires a detailed knowledge of surface regolithlandform
characteristics whilst reinforcing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to
gain a 3D perspective.
Catchment analysis has been performed on drainage systems within the Bland Creek
Catchment and has helped explain the strong effect different catchments have had on
sediment supply to the Bland Basin. Catchment analysis results have been used in basic
calculations of salt loads in the Bland Creek Catchment. An estimated 18,780 Tonnes/yr
of salt enter the Bland Creek catchment and as stream flow out of the Bland Creek
Catchment is intermittent, salt stores are increasing in the upper margins of the soil
profile and groundwater reserves.
Reconstruction of the palaeotopography of the B-Q Transect has been made possible
using a mutli-disciplinary approach incorporating information from regolith-landform
mapping, drill hole information, gamma-ray spectrometry and GILMORE Project
datasets. The production of large-scale regolith-landform mapping, the development of
a shallow fluid flow model and reconstruction of palaeotopography builds on and
contributes to knowledge of the Bland Creek Catchment allowing for detailed farmscale
and paddock-scale land management decisions.
21
Gannell, Gary. "More than a calling the experiences of new principals in Christian schools in New South Wales /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050111.102346/index.html.
Full text
22
Perry-Indermaur, Astrid, University of Western Sydney, College of Social and Health Sciences, and School of Applied Social and Human Sciences. "Regimes of truth : gender, achievement and parent participation in New South Wales public schools." THESIS_CSHS_ASH_Perry-Indermaur_A.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/707.
Full textAbstract:
The participation of parents in the schooling of their children has become a central policy objective of the education sector in Australia as well as other parts of the developed world. The discourse of parent participation emphasises a need for parents to be involved in order to maximise the benefits of their child’s education. Parent participation includes such practices as parents and schools working as partners to improve the well-being and achievements of an individual child to formal participation of parents in decision-making forums. This thesis approaches the issue of parent participation through a study of parent advocacy bodies as they deal with policy issues and interface with parents as the school level and governments at the policy level. The policy area of gender equity is used as an illustrative example to analyse parent advocacy bodies’ structures and ways of operating. As a result of the empirical work that involved semi-structured interviews, observation techniques and extensive use of archival material, this thesis revisits the theory of positional goods as it reflects the notion and understanding parents have broadly that education is positional in that only few can achieve the highest levels of education and hence effort is exerted in ensuring their child achieves as highly as possible. This thesis argues that gender equity is caught in this thriving to capture a positional good that is elusive for most but appears enhanced by the use of adequate gender equity strategies. The action of parents within parent advocacy bodies reflected the fight over scarce resources that were perceived to be enhancing educational outcomes for girls at the expense of boys.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
23
Perry-Indermaur, Astrid. "Regimes of truth : gender, achievement and parent participation in New South Wales public schools /." View thesis, 2004. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050921.134833/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004."A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, in the total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Bibliography : p. 251-268.
24
Johnson, Andrew. "Crime, governance and numbers : a genealogy of counting crime in New South Wales /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030728.132436/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2000.A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD, Department of Critical Social Sciences, University of Western Sydney, 2000. Bibliography : leaves 196-214.
25
Jayawickrema, Jacintha. "A reconstruction of the ecological history of Longneck Lagoon New South Wales, Australia /." View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050720.135957/index.html.
Full text
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Andrew, Deborah. "Ecology of the tiger quoll dasyurus maculatus maculatus in coastal New South Wales." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070501.155009/index.html.
Full text
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Hossain, Md Mustafa Kamal, and res cand@acu edu au. "An Examination of Seagrass Monitoring Protocols as Applied to Two New South Wales Estuarine Settings." Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences (NSW), 2005. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp81.25092005.
Full textAbstract:
Many recent studies have sought to monitor health characteristics of seagrasses, including changes in aerial extent, biomass and fish community structure. While these studies have provided important information on the ecology of seagrass communities on southeast Australia, little attempt has been made to subject these sampling procedures to rigorous experimental testing and review. This study employed commonly-used standard methods for sampling seagrass community characteristics in two sites in New South Wales. Where possible, sampling protocols were tested for accuracy and efficiency at a range of temporal and spatial scales. The ARCView Geographic Information System was used to construct vegetation polygons of seagrass distribution on the Tweed River, and in the Ukerebagh Channel annually over a 5-year period. For one year (2000), distributions from identical photographs were mapped twice to identify procedural errors. In general, errors relating to incorrect boundary identification were low compared to inter-annual variability. Inter-annual variability in seagrass beds was higher than for adjacent mangrove and saltmarsh. Estimates of biomass were derived from standard replicate 0.25m x 0.25m quadrats. The experiment contrasted two sites of similar geomorphic setting. Ukerebagh Channel on the Tweed River, and Woolooware Bay with Botany Bay are both shallow, sandy marine deltaic settings supporting stands of Zostera capricorni. Significant differences were found in the degree of replication required to identify significant changes in seagrass biomass at the two sites. Ukerebagh Channel supported relatively dense stands of Z. capricorni with low intra-site variability. Here 8 replicates were sufficient to detect 10 percent change. Towra Point presented a contrast, in which 15 replicates were required to detect a similar level of change. Woolooware Bay at Towra Point has suffered from increased sedimentation relating to alterations in current velocities at Towra Point, and the result highlights the greater degree of replication required to determine significance changes in disturbed systems. The fish populations in the seagrass at Towra Point were sampled using buoyant pop nets. Fish communities differed significantly from those sampled in adjacent mangrove and saltmarsh. Differences in fish assemblages between spring high tides, neap high tides and low tides are attributed to movements of fish between seagrass and adjacent mangrove and saltmarsh. This mosaic of habitats is utilized by a number of species over a tidal cycle, with seagrass providing an important low-tide refuge for many species utilizing mangrove and saltmarsh at high tide. Limitations in the efficiency of buoyant pop nets were exposed in a novel experiment which demonstrated differences in escape rates between species. Flat-tailed mullet (Liza argenta) are likely to be under-represented in experiments using this technique. Recommendations are made regarding optimal sampling protocols for monitoring seagrass in the region. All techniques tested are suitable, though some require modification. Some texts have under-estimated the degree of replication required to appropriately monitor changes in seagrass biomass in disturbed systems, where density is lower and intra-site variability higher. The buoyant pop-nets may require modification in open-water seagrass situations where escape by Liza argenta and Acanthopagrus australis were at unacceptable levels.
28
McQueen, Kelvin. "The state aid struggle and the New South Wales Teachers Federation 1995 to 1999." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050714.144022/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliography.
29
Spry, Melissa J., and n/a. "The Regolith and landscape evolution of a low relief landscape: Cobar, Central New South Wales, Australia." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Management, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050704.162445.
Full textAbstract:
Construction of a 1:250,000 scale regolith-landform map of the Cobar area of central New
South Wales (NSW) Australia, demonstrates the presence of a wide range of previously undescribed
regolith materials, landforms and landscape features in the region. The map covers the east-west extent
of the Cobar Basin, extends to the west onto the Darling River Floodplain, and east onto rocks of the
Girilambone Group. The mapping area is centred on the Cobar township and covers -14,730 krn2
between 303113 and 446113 E and 6483184 and 6586183 N (AGO 66, MGA Zone 55). 48 regolithlandform
units have been identified, including both transported (alluvial, colluvial, aeolian, lacustrine)
and in situ materials. A range of siliceous, ferruginous and calcareous indurated materials are also
present.
Four major drainage types have been identified based on lithological, sedimentological and
topographic differences in alluvial materials. The 4 drainage types include: 1) modern drainage; 2)
maghemite and quartzose gravels elevated 1-2 m relative to the modern drainage; 3) higher
topographically inverted, and at least partly silicified, gravels; and, 4) sediments of Cretaceous origin.
Multiple phases of drainage stability and instability from the Cretaceous to the present are indicated
within the sediments. Breaching of drainage divides and increased dissection of the modern drainage,
especially to the south of Cobar, indicate possible tectonic movement across a major regolith-landform
boundary in the southern map area. Colluvial materials are more widespread to the north of Cobar
reflecting the increased landscape dissection to the south. Colluvial fans are preserved adjacent to
major rangefronts. Aeolian and lacustrine materials include longitudinal dunefields of the Darling
River floodplain, source bordering dunes, and small lunettes associated with the Barnato Lakes system.
Regolith-landform mapping at Cobar has been used to assess the applicability of previously
developed landscape evolution models of the Cobar Block and surrounding region, and to develop a
new landscape evolution model for the region. The new landscape evolution model of Cobar indicates
minimal deposition of Cretaceous sediments, succeeded by high-energy early Tertiary fluvial regimes
across the Cobar landscape. Weathering and sediment deposition continued into the Miocene, coupled
with deep valley incision on the Cobar Block associated with early Oligocene regression. By the close
of the Miocene, the Cobar Block had eroded to predominantly bedrock terrain and widespread filling of
previously incised valleys occurred. A decrease in erosion and fluvial activity led to the formation of
the modern drainage during the Pliocene-early Quaternary, followed by the formation of alluvial,
aeolian and lacustrine deposits in the later Quaternary. Regionally, Eromanga Basin sediments were not
extensive over the Cobar Block, and low rates of erosion are recorded at Cobar from the Cretaceous to
the present. Former northerly drainage did exist in this area in the Cretaceous, but was limited in
distribution. By at least the Early Tertiary the Cobar area was a structural high and drainage systems of
the region had assumed their current configuration. These findings do not support interpretations of
AFTT data of significant cover and subsequent stripping over the Cobar Block in the Early Tertiary.
Evidence of landscape evolution from the Cretaceous to the present suggests that the Cobar
landscape has been responding to changes in the primary landscape forming factors of lithology,
climate and to a lesser degree, tectonics. Variations in the these three primary landscape forming
factors have contributed to ongoing weathering, relatively continuous deposition, and periods of
relative stability and instability, particularly in response to climatic and baselevel fluctuations, within a
dynamically evolving landscape throughout the entire Tertiary. Former landscape evolution models of
peneplanation and pediplanation, based on correlation of palaeosurfaces including duricrusts, a deep
weathering profile developed during extended planation in the Early Tertiary, and tectonism during the
late Tertiary in the Cobar area, are not supported by evidence preserved in regolith-landform features at
Cobar.
30
Berghout, Mani, and n/a. "The ecology of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Central Tableslands of New South Wales." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060331.085450.
Full textAbstract:
The red fox occurs across a very broad range of habitats, and displays great behavioural flexibility under different environmental conditions. In Australia, mounting concern over the impacts of foxes on livestock and native fauna has highlighted a need for more information on fox ecology under Australian conditions as a fundamental step towards developing more strategic means of managing foxes. This study explores ranging behaviour, dispersal, use of dens, activity rhythms, population dynamics and diet in the absence of management in productive agricultural land in the central tablelands of New South Wales. The study was conducted from June 1994 to June 1997 on private property near Murringo, NSW Australia (34°15� S, 148°30� E). The site was primarily sheep and cattle grazing land and had a history of no fox management. Rainfall was considerably below average for much of the study. A total of 83 foxes were trapped over 3931 trapnights, of which 50 were fitted with radio-collars (23 adult and 6 juvenile females, 12 adult and 9 juvenile males) and 26 released with eartags only (all juveniles: 10 females, 16 males). Thirty-three foxes were radio-tracked using fixed towers between March 1995 and December 1996, with between 11 and 28 foxes tracked at any time. Mean home range size was 446.1 ha ± 69.8 se using 95% Minimum Convex Polygons (MCP), and 276.4 ha ± 36.3 se using 95% kernel utilisation distributions. Male home ranges defined by MCP were significantly larger than female ranges, but no significant difference was found using 95% kernels. Core ranges were estimated to be 133.4 ha ± 23.7 se using 50% MCP and 59.8 ha ± 6.1 se using 95% kernels, with no significant difference between sexes. No significant differences were found between range sizes of adults and juveniles or between years or seasons. While most home ranges were steady for the duration of the study, some foxes were observed to shift range location and 4 foxes displayed nomadic behaviour for at least some of the study. There was a high incidence of overlapping home ranges, most commonly between females or males and females but occasionally between males, but core areas were usually separate. Fully overlapping core areas were observed in 1995 but not in 1996.
Juvenile foxes were significantly more likely to disperse than adults, and usually travelled further (juveniles 61.1 km 31.6 ± se; adults 5.9 km 1.1 ± se). Males and females were equally likely to disperse, and there was no significant difference in the distance travelled. The furthest distances were 285 km and 140 km, but mean distance of dispersal excluding these animals was 12.3 km ± 4.3 se (n = 13). Thorough surveys across a 16.4 km² area located 200 dens, with 68 of these active in 1995 and 96 active in 1996. Density of breeding foxes was estimated to be 0.55 and 0.52 adult foxes/km² in 1995 and 1996 respectively based on natal den counts. Density estimates based on active den counts, which include non-breeding foxes, were 0.91and 1.30 foxes/km² in 1995 and 1996 respectively. These estimates appear lower than other studies in similar habitats but this is likely due to using a half home range boundary strip around the surveyed area in the present study. Application of mark-recapture analysis found very high �recapture� rates of dens and gave a similar estimate of the total number of dens to that observed directly. Natal dens were regularly distributed across the study area, whereas active dens tended to be in clusters. There was a high turnover of which dens were used each year, but the total number of natal dens was similar across years (16 in 1995 and 17 in 1996). Natal dens were more likely to be used on repeat occasions than other dens, but not necessarily by the same vixen. Litter size based on sightings of emergent cubs was 2.8. Foxes were predominantly nocturnal, with a major peak in activity about an hour after sunset. A new method of analysing activity rhythm data using Fourier series to mathematically describe animal movements was developed, that allowed systematic identification of the cyclical components underlying overall movement patterns. General fox behaviour could be clearly described by a 24-hour and a 12-hour cyclical component when corrected for variation in daylength. The rising and setting of the sun appeared to be a major trigger underlying movement patterns. Seasonal and sex differences were observed in patterns of activity. The annual rate of increase of the fox population was found to vary around a mean of zero between June 1994 and June 1997. A major drop in fox numbers as estimated by spotlight counts occurred in the second half of 1995, but numbers recovered by the
end of 1996. Kaplan-Meier analysis of radio-tagged foxes found annual adult survival was generally very high (0.56-0.96) with lowest survival between July and October. Causes of mortality were human-related outside the site and apparently of natural causes within the site. However foxes dying of natural causes outside the site were unlikely to be found. There was no overall movement of foxes into or out of the site. Immigration was detected following the drop in fox numbers in late 1995, but there was no evidence of immigration prior to this period although emigration occurred. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the effects of a small change in life history parameters on finite rate of increase using published data as well as adult mortality data from the present study. The two most influential life-history parameters were adult and juvenile survival, while changes in fecundity and age at first reproduction had much less impact on finite rate of increase. In terms of management, in which fertility control is being considered as an alternative to lethal control, this implies that a small change in fecundity may cause less change in the rate of increase of foxes than lethal control. Foxes were culled in June 1997 on completion of the study. Estimated density using a Petersen estimate was 2.4-5.3 foxes/km² and index-manipulation-index was 1.4-3.2 foxes/km². The different methods used to cull foxes appeared to target different age groups within the population, and were generally biased in favour of younger foxes. Success at killing animals was low, leading to large standard errors in the population estimates. Stomachs of foxes shot in the Orange district were found to contain predominantly rabbit and carrion, with invertebrates present when abundant. These findings were not strictly representative of the diet of foxes in the study area, where rabbits were scarce. Foxes scavenged heavily on lamb carcasses within the study site. The quantity of fresh lamb carrion removed from a lambing paddock in winter 1996 was estimated to support 13-24 foxes, with available fresh lamb theoretically able to support 240-440 foxes. Density based on removal of fresh carcasses was estimated to be 0.83-1.5 foxes/km².
31
Carroll, Colleen, and n/a. ""What is the Environment Anyway"?: A Study of Children's Perceptions of the Notion of Environment." University of Canberra. Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050331.122220.
Full textAbstract:
This interpretive study focused on the way in which children
make sense of the notion of environment. This study attempted a
comprehensive examination of children's perceptions of the notion
of environment in an Australian context. There is a concerted effort
to create environmental education programs targeted for children
yet we have little understanding of how children make sense of
the concept of environment. The study examined perspectives from
children aged 11 to 13 living in close proximity in New South Wales,
Australia. Children's perspectives were gathered through a drawing
activity as well as small group interviews. In order to provide a larger
conceptual picture of children's perceptions data was also gathered
from the surrounding community. Parents, teachers, principals
and local media's perspectives on the notion of environment
were investigated. The study showed that children perceive the
environment as nearly synonymous with nature. They also perceive
the environment and nature to be a place without people. Children
were very concerned about environmental issues, especially issues
in their local areas. Children generally did not attribute individuals
with responsibility for the environment. Children's ideas were
examined alongside those from the broader community revealing
relationships and links between community practices and children's
perceptions of the environment. This study addresses a gap in the
literature by providing a comprehensive exploration of children's
perceptions of the notion of the environment and examining links
to the portrayal of environment in the context of the surrounding
community. Findings provided a solid basis upon which to augment
the design of programs in environmental education.
32
Gibson, Craig Phillip, and res cand@acu edu au. "An Assessment of Animal Repellents in the Management of Vehicle-Macropod Collisions in New South Wales." Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences NSW, 2008. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp187.09122008.
Full textAbstract:
Collisions between animals and motor vehicles are frequent and often result in animal mortality. In Australia, macropods are regular victims of these collisions. This has serious implications for animal welfare and conservation as well as aesthetics and tourism. Collisions with large animals and secondary collisions caused by the presence of animals on road easements, can lead to serious personal injury and property damage. A range of mitigative measures to prevent animal-vehicle collisions exists, but no single measure can be fully effective and the efficacy of many mitigation measures remains untested. An integrated management approach, employing many mitigative techniques is required to reduce vehicle-animal collisions. Repellents have recently been identified as a potential mitigative measure for reducing vehicle-animal collisions. The aim of this study was to identify the potential role of repellents in reducing macropod-vehicle collisions in New South Wales. This required the identification and assessment of potential repellents since research investigating repellents in an Australian context is scant. Macropus rufogriseus banksianus was selected as a test species for this research as a high abundance of this species exists in southeastern Australia and it is a common victim of roadkill in New South Wales. Preliminary screening trials of four potential macropod repellents highlighted the utility of two of the substances: Plant Plus, a synthetic compound based on the chemistry of dog urine; and a formulation consisting of chicken eggs. Feeding by M. rufogriseus banksianus was significantly reduced when these substances were applied near feed trays. Modest results were also detected for Δ3-isopentenyl methyl sulfide (a constituent of fox urine), while a commercial animal repellent (SCAT® Bird and Animal Repellent) was ineffective in altering feeding by M. rufogriseus banksianus. A barrier trial conducted with the two most successful repellents indicated that Plant Plus was a more effective macropod repellent then the egg formulation. Plant Plus displayed qualities of an area repellent and elicited a stronger response from M. rufogriseus banksianus when compared to the egg formulation. Further captive trials determined that the habituation of response to Plant Plus by M. rufogriseus banksianus was minimal after six weeks of constant exposure and Plant Plus retained repellent properties after exposure to ambient environmental conditions for at least ten weeks. Field trials to establish the effectiveness of Plant Plus with free ranging macropods (M. rufogriseus banksianus and M. giganteus) were unsuccessful due to methodological limitations stemming from high background variance in observed responses, equipment failure and site disturbance from outside influences. The potential role of Plant Plus as a repellent for managing macropod-vehicle collisions was highlighted by the captive trials. However, several factors requiring further research were identified. This included assessing the repellent abilities of Plant Plus in the field and further defining the properties of Plant Plus with captive trials. The effects of Plant Plus on non-target species and an assessment of potential environmental impacts also requires attention. Research assessing the potential role of repellents in other management contexts in Australia would be beneficial and the identification and assessment of repellents for other species should proceed. However, in the context of assessing repellents for use in the management of vehicle-macropod collisions, immediate focus should concentrate on extending the research to assess the effects of Plant Plus with other species of large macropod, and assessing if Plant Plus can reduce the numbers of macropods in road easements.
33
Roach, Ian C., and n/a. "The setting, structural control, geochemistry and mantle source of the Monaro Volcanic Province, southeastern New South Wales." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.131113.
Full textAbstract:
The Monaro Volcanic Province (MVP) is an Oligocene-Eocene intraplate basaltic lava
field situated in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales between the towns of
Cooma and Bombala. The lava pile of the MVP consists of basal sub-alkali rocks
(olivine tholeiite, transitional basalt) capped by a number of thick ankaramite lavas,
above which lie less numerous alkali rocks including alkali olivine basalt, nepheline
basanite and olivine nephelinite. Intercalated with the lava flows are massive and
matrix-supported alkali and ankaramitic hyaloclastites, alkali pillow basalts, rare tuffs,
bauxitic weathering profiles, lacustrine sediments and reworked late Cretaceous to early
Tertiary river gravels. The lava pile is intruded through by numerous volcanic plugs
and dykes and rare maars. Volcanic centres are principally concentrated in two NW-SE
trending zones parallel to major crustal-scale fractures in the Palaeozoic basement.
Centres almost always lie over the intersections of two or more conjugate strike-slip or
transverse fractures. The stratigraphy, whole-rock geochemistry and Sr and Nd isotopic
signatures of rocks from the MVP indicate magma-genesis initially from an
asthenospheric source with EM1 characteristics, gradually becoming more lithospheric
with DM source characteristics. The long-lived nature of the MVP rules out a mantle
plume-type source for magmas. Instead, a diapiric source is envisaged. The MVP
mantle xenolith suite appears to have equilibrated at slightly higher temperatures for
given pressures than the Newer Volcanics Province suite suggesting the palaeogeotherm
for the MVP was slightly hotter than the "South East Australian" geotherm. Large
amounts of amphibole (pargasitic hornblende, pargasite, ferroan pargasite and
kaersutite) occuring within the more silica-undersaturated rocks of the MVP, and rarely
within Iherzolitic xenoliths, are interpreted to have formed as selvages on mantle veins
in contact with peridotite beneath the MVP. Amphiboles were later sampled by
magmas rising through the same conduits and were brought to the surface. MVP
ankaramite lavas feature < 2cm clinopyroxene porphyrocrysts, the cores of which are
shown to have crystallised at ca. 18 kb pressure or ca. 54 km depth. This defines the
base of the local crust within the MVP region. Data from the MVP support a landscape
evolution model based on the isostatic rise of the Southern Highlands due to
voluminous magmatic underplating since the Cretaceous. Data further support limited
denudation since the Early Tertiary based on a pulsatory but high palaeogeotherm.
34
Sokomani, Andile. "The new public management and the transformation of the South African public service : an overview." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12120.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-108).
This dissertation is a desktop documentary review of the theory and practice of the New Public Management (NPM) in the public service context of a democratic South Africa. It undertakes an extensive review of the literature on NPM and explores in some detail the NPM’s origins, definitions, key characteristics, critiques and lessons learned. The study then considers the role of this NPM framework in South Africa’s public sector reform programme post 1994, and assess the extent to which it has been influenced by NPM principles. The successes and failures of NPM-inspired processes in South Africa are considered.
35
Ashleigh, Douglas Anthony, and res cand@acu edu au. "A Study of Successful Implementation and Management of Educational Technology in Three New South Wales Primary Schools." Australian Catholic University. School of Educational Leadership, 2005. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp71.25092005.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this dissertation is to analyse why three New South Wales primary schools were successful in implementing and managing educational technology. Responding to this research focus four specific questions were considered: Why have these schools been successful in implementing and managing educational technology? What factors have helped and/or hindered the successful implementation and management of educational technology within the selected schools? What are the indicators of successful implementation of educational technology? What were the particular contributions of leadership to the successful implementation and management of educational technology within the selected schools? This qualitative research study is based on the assumption that valuable data are gathered by studying schools that have been successful with the implementation and management of technology. In particular, the study provided a description and analysis of the best practice in three New South Wales Primary schools that had successfully implemented and managed educational technology. An interactive and cyclical process of data analysis was employed with data collection, data analysis and theory development proceeding simultaneously. To reduce and display data gathered from in-depth interviews, document study and non- participant observation the qualitative data analysis program QSR NUD*IST was utilised. The development and validation of the study’s conceptual framework shaped the study leading to the formulation of the SupportIF Model of Implementation. This model posits that success with implementation and management of educational technology is closely related to the level of interdependence between the implementation factors. The study results also endorsed the prime importance of a supportive work environment in each of the studied schools and linked this environment to the level of success realised with the implementation and management of technology and the utilisation of educational technology to enhance the achievement of student learning outcomes. The study contends that the sustainability of a school based technology initiative rests with a school’s ability to dynamically balance the key implementation factors and to redesign in light of shared practice. Tantamount to this process is a supportive work environment in each school which is the critical variable that facilitates interdependence between leadership, resources, relationships and teaching and learning factors.
36
Hobbs, Roger, and n/a. "The builders of Shoalhaven 1840s-1890s : a social history and cultural geography." University of Canberra. Design & Architecture, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070122.163159.
Full textAbstract:
According to architect Robin Boyd (1952 rev. ed. 1968), ʹthe Australian country house took its pattern, not directly from the English countryside, but second‐hand from the Australian cityʹ in the nineteenth century. This thesis explores the introduction of domestic architectural ideas in the Shoalhaven Local Government Area (LGA) from the 1840s to the 1890s, and concludes that Boydʹs premise, including his five principal plan types, applied in general, subject to regional geographical parameters.
The Illawarra and South Coast districts dominated New South Wales dairy farming by the 1860s. The transfer of architectural ideas to the Shoalhaven LGA was facilitated by steam shipping lines from 1855, as the dominant vector, which provided access to the Sydney markets. Architectural development began with a masonry construction boom during the 1860s and 1870s, followed by a timber construction boom in the 1880s and 1890s. In the Ulladulla District development was influenced by local stonemasons and Sydney architects from the 1860s‐1870s, as well as regional developments in the Illawarra, which also influenced Kangaroo Valley in the 1870s. The Nowra Area, the administrative and commercial focus of the Shoalhaven District from 1870, was where architectural developments in timber and masonry were greatest, influenced by regional developments, Sydney architects and carpenters and builders of German origin and training. A local architectural grammar and style began to develop in the 1880s and 1890s, assisted by the railway, which arrived at Bomaderry near Nowra in 1893. However, the depression and drought of the 1890s resulted in a hiatus in construction, exacerbated by the First World War 1914‐1918, in common with the rest of New South Wales.
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Seisa, Lerato Violet. "To what extent do South African public service reforms depict new public management influences : the implications for service delivery." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3698.
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Bon, Nguyen Van. "An investigation to improve the effectiveness of Vietnamese language learning in New South Wales primary schools /." View thesis View thesis, 2002. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030502.140525/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2002."A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the rerquirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Bibliography : leaves 189-207.
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Mueller, Fiona Jane. "Separate but equal? the enduring appeal of the single-sex public high schools of New South Wales /." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080303.145544/index.html.
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McQueen, Kelvin, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Humanities. "The state aid struggle and the New South Wales Teachers Federation 1995 to 1999." THESIS_CAESS_HUM_McQueen_K.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/619.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines from an historical perspective the series of events between 1995 and 1999 in which the public school teachers’ union, the New South Wales Teachers federation, challenged the NSW and Australian government’s provision of funding to private schools. Such funding is known colloquially as state aid. The state aid struggle is conceived in this thesis as an industrial relations contest that went beyond issues simply of state aid. The state aid struggle was a centrepiece of the Teachers Federation’s broader challenge to government’s intensification of efforts to reduce the federation’s effectiveness in shaping the public school system’s priorities. This thesis contends that the decisive importance of the state aid struggle arose from the fundamental strategy used by governments to lower the cost of schooling over time. To achieve this they undertook the state aid strategy – cost reductions would flow from residualising public schools, de-unionising teachers and deregulating wages and conditions. The state aid strategy was implemented through those areas of policy and funding over which the Federation had negligible control or where the Federation’s membership was disunited. The Federation was undermined by governments using policy initiatives to fragment teacher unity. By the end of 1999, governments’ prosecution of the state aid strategy did not seem to have been diverted from the main thrust of its course by the federation’s struggle.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Barnes, Geoffrey R. "A motivational model of enrolment intentions in senior secondary science courses in New South Wales (Australia) schools /." Milperra, N.S.W. : [University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, Faculty of Education and Languages], 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030711.145044/index.html.
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Norrish, Shane. "Soil and water interactions controlling wheat crop response to phosphorus fertiliser in north-western New South Wales." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051013.115006/index.html.
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James, Pamela J. "The lion in the frame the art practices of the national art galleries of New South Wales and New Zealand, 1918-1939 /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040416.135231/index.html.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003."A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliography.
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Whelan, Anthony, and res cand@acu edu au. "A study of Catholic School Consultants in New South Wales: Their leadership, relationship with principals and influence on schools." Australian Catholic University. School of Education, 2000. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp2.14072005.
Full textAbstract:
How do the Catholic Schools Consultants through their leadership and relationship with Principals influence the outcomes of Catholic systemic schools in New South Wales (NSW)? This research question has been of considerable interest to the professional communities of Catholic educators. Throughout NSW there are eleven diocesan Catholic school systems, each led by a Director assisted by senior field officers called Consultants, the equivalent position of Area superintendents or inspectors in other school systems. The leadership of these Consultants is considered critical for the effectiveness of the school systems especially through their influence on and with Principals. Within this survey research study, the total population of Consultants and Principals was invited to participate, and 45 Consultants (90%) and 365 Principals (76%) responded. The research study was based on the assumption that a classical view of leadership should be augmented by a more complex, interactive view of leadership as relationship that influenced outcomes in school systems. The study was operationalized in three dimensions. Leadership was described by ten variables, derived from Sashkins (1998) Visionary Leadership Theory. The relationship between Consultant and Principals was posited as a composite of two variables, Interpersonal Relation and Shared Catholic Leadership Mindset, that are viewed as explanatory, mediating variables. Three selected outcome variables are posited Educational Outcomes, School Outcomes and Spiritual Outcomes. The fifteen variables so described were developed and/or validated for this study using confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, the impact of three demographic background factors of gender, school type, and years of networking association between Consultant and Principals on the main variables in the study was examined. A mediated effects survey research design was used. Survey questionnaires were sent from the local Catholic Education Office to each volunteer Consultant and to her/his associated network of Principals on a confidential basis and returned directly to the researcher. At no stage did the researcher know the identity of the respondents. Data analysis methods included comparative means analysis of Consultants and Principals perceptions of the variables; multiple regression analysis and structural equation modelling to examine the associations between variables; MANOVA analysis to examine demographic background factors; and finally some descriptive analysis of survey data to provide validation or further insights. The study results showed that both Consultants and Principals agreed that the Consultants demonstrated visionary leadership as defined by Sashkin (1998) although there were significant differences on seven leadership factors. There was high level agreement that Consultants and Principals exhibited a shared mindset, described as Shared Catholic Leadership Mindset, and outstanding interpersonal relationships. Findings about the associations between variables showed different results for Principals and Consultants. The Principals model suggested that the two relationship variables acted as mediators between some of the ten leadership variables and the three outcome variables. On the other hand, the Consultants model suggested that neither of the two relationship variables acted as mediators, but that only two leadership variables, Capable Management and Creative Leadership, had any influence on Outcomes. There were no significant differences on results due to gender, school type or years of networking association for either Principals or Consultants. These results, supplemented by qualitative findings, led to the conclusion that there was a need for system policy makers to reconceptualise the leadership of such Consultants to emphasise the importance of the shared mindset, and the synergistic element in the relationship between Consultant and Principals. There was a recommendation that further research replicate this study with other Catholic, Government and independent education systems. The use of structural equation modelling analysis in similar future research was also recommended.
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Mooney, Carla Joan. "Evolution, devolution, revolution? an analysis of the legal and adminstrative arrangements for catchment and water planning in South Australia and New South Wales /." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060509.112146/index.html.
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Lane, Alan Gordon. "Frog abundance and diversity in urban and non-urban habitats in the upper Blue Mountains (New South Wales) /." View thesis, 2005. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060427.093816/index.html.
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Thesis (M. Sc.) (Hons) -- University of Western Sydney, 2005."A thesis submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Hons.) at University of Western Sydney" Bibliography : leaves 207 - 221.
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Owen, Santi. "Integrated response policy to domestic violence in rural New South Wales, 1997–2007: A critical analysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/180772/1/Santi_Owen_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In the last 30 years, the interest in domestic violence in rural communities has increased significantly. Australian studies have distinguished between the prevalence and nature of violence against women in geographical terms of the 'urban' and 'rural' experience (Alston 1997; Carrington 2007; Coorey 1990; Dietrich and Mason 1998; Ermacora 1998; Hogg and Carrington 1998, 2003, 2006; La Nauze and Rutherford 1997; Moore 2002; Neame and Heenan 2004; Nicholson 1998; Wendy, Taylor and Kennedy 2002; Wendt and Cheers 2002; Wendt 2009). Contemporary social policy addressing domestic violence at the Australian and NSW government levels has favoured an integrated response to service delivery. A review of literature on domestic violence in rural communities has identified some barriers facing women when accessing health and community services and protection from police in rural communities.
However, limited research has examined the implementation and impact of an integrated response policy to domestic violence in rural communities. Previous international (Pruitt 2008; Griffin, O'Campo and Peak 2006; Little, Panelli and Kraack 2005; Logan et al. 2003; Logan, Shannon and Walker 2005; Shannon et al. 2006; Websdale 1998) and Australian studies (Hogg and Carrington 2006; Wendt 2009) have emphasised the lack of adequate services and barriers to access in rural settings. It has become apparent that policy intervention, specifically the implementation of an integrated response in rural communities, is neglected in this body of literature. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by: 1. critically analysing the integrated response policy by the NSW government 2. examining the implementation of an integrated response service in rural NSW 3. investigating factors shaping rural responses to domestic violence 4. developing a conceptual framework for understanding an integrated response to rural domestic violence.
This study contributes to the current knowledge about domestic violence in rural communities. Importantly, it is the first Australian study to comprehensively examine the operation of an integrated response policy in a rural setting.
This research was undertaken in rural NSW over three years, with the bulk of data collection taking place in 2007. The research design used mixed methods, including quantitative crime datasets (NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research 2007-2011) and qualitative analysis of semi-structured in-depth interviews with 49 rural human service providers from twelve local government areas (LGAs) in rural NSW. A literature review of rural domestic violence studies and domestic violence policies was also undertaken. A conceptual framework was developed to analyse the data collected. This framework was informed by concepts used in contemporary literature, such as 'rural cultural discourses' (Wendt 2009), the 'architecture of rural life' (Hogg and Carrington 2006) and 'imaginary' interventions (Carlen 2008).
The findings of this study support current evidence that rural domestic violence is qualitatively different from victimisation in metropolitan settings and that the trend of reported incidences of domestic violence in rural NSW is higher than in metropolitan Sydney areas. Interviews with rural service providers revealed there was consistent understanding of an integrated response to domestic violence and a belief that it is an effective approach to tackling the issue. Further examination of the operationalisation of the integrated response through inter-sector collaborations between health, welfare, police, courts and housing agencies illustrated the aspirations for an integrated response could not be effectively realised in a rural context. Rural service providers recognised that local and geo-spatial constraints influenced the effective implementation of an integrated response to domestic violence in their communities. Instead, efforts of rural service providers to demonstrate that 'effectiveness' was centred on administrative activities of counting, monitoring, reporting and compliance with funding agreements. The requirements of policy administration produced a situation in which workers recognised the seriousness of domestic violence, but at the same time, had to overlook the obstacles of rurality to demonstrate to funding agencies the effectiveness of programs. This imaginary policy intervention perpetuates urban-centric policy assumptions about providing an integrated response to domestic violence and silences alternative perspectives about addressing the issues and needs of rural communities (Carlen 2008). The concept of an imagined order (Carlen 2008) that requires workers to 'act as if' interventions or programs are effective in the face of contradictory evidence is employed in the conceptual framework for this research.
The findings from this study make a significant contribution to the field by providing a critical analysis of social policy interventions into rural domestic violence. The conceptual framework used in this study has potential application for future social policy development, and, more importantly, this research extends the theoretical conceptualisation of rural domestic violence.
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Corish, Sylvia, and n/a. "The excellent principal - what do students think? : Perceptions of selected senior primary school students about the role of the principal in three New South Wales public primary schools." University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060629.160710.
Full textAbstract:
The research outlined in this thesis explores the issue of the
effective principal through the perceptions of a sample of senior
primary aged school students. The study originated due to a concern
that too much of the current literature concerning effective schools
and effective principals relies on the views of significant adults.
Given that students are the focus of the school's and principal's
energy it is difficult to understand why their views have not been
sought more frequently. This study was initiated and conducted in an
effort to determine what is was that students expected of the
effective principal.
The research is based on content analysis of the written responses
from a sample of one hundred and ninety five senior primary aged
school students aged between ten and twelve years from an
education district in an education region of the New South Wales
Public School System and in addition one to one interviews with a
group of thirty students. The analysis resulted in the development of
two sets of descriptors. One set of descriptors outline the fourteen
most significant Behaviour Descriptors of the effective principal as
perceived by the senior primary aged students surveyed while the
other set outlines the eleven most significant Quality Descriptors of
the effective principal.
These two sets of descriptors of the effective principal have much
support in the effective schools research. One area notably different
however is the emphasis given by the students to the need for the
principal to develop positive, warm and caring relationships with
each student in the school. Although students were realistic in their
understanding of what this implied they were adamant and
consistent in their desire for such a relationship in order that the
principal be deemed effective.
The results of the study provide specific, clear, unambiguous
descriptions of behaviours and qualities expected of the effective
principal by the students surveyed. The descriptors are presented in
a manner useful to practitioners.
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Stone, Kim, and n/a. "A qualitative assessment of small business establishment." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.094228.
Full textAbstract:
A study of the nature of entrepreneurial activity
and its use in furthering our understanding of
small business establishment. An ethnographic
study is presented of the business perspectives of
a group of business entrepreneurs in the Riverina
region of N.S.W. and a conceptual framework is
developed for consideration of various qualitative
issues involved in establishing a small business.
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Tiller, David, and n/a. "The impact of sewage effluent on the benthic macroinvertebrate community of the upper Thredbo River." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.145223.
Full textAbstract:
Thredbo Village is a year round alpine resort located in Kosciusko
National Park, south eastern New South Wales. Treated sewage effluent
from Thredbo Village is discharged to the upper Thredbo River. The
river is a rocky bottomed, high mountain stream (> 1,200 m altitude in
the study area) flowing predominantly through subalpine woodland, the
only major impact on the river within the study area was that of the
Thredbo Village alpine ski resort.
Nutrient concentrations were measured in the upper Thredbo River
monthly from January to September 1983 at 9 sites along the river, both
upstream and downstream of the effluent discharge. In addition,
invertebrates were collected at the same sites in January, April and July
1983.
The near pristine section of the upper Thredbo River upstream of
Thredbo Village was low in phosphorus and nitrogen (<20 mg m-3 and
<100 mg m-3 respectively). The sewage effluent discharge was high in
phosphorus and nitrogen (up to 5,000 mg m-3 and 28,000 mg m-3
respectively). Phosphorus generally returned to concentrations similar to
those measured in the pristine sections by 3.5 kilometres downstream of
the discharge. Nitrogen (mostly in the form of nitrate and nitrite)
often remained elevated down to the most downstream site, 8 kilometres
downstream of the effluent discharge.
The elevated nutrient concentrations immediately downstream of the
effluent discharge stimulated the growth of attached filamentous algae in
January when conditions for growth were most favourable. It is
concluded that this growth provided an additional food source for several
invertebrate taxa, Cricolopus sp. 12E and 160E (Diptera, Chironomidae),
Conoesucidae sp. TR6, Oxyethira columba (Trichoptera), Nais sp.,
Aeolosomatus niveum (Oligochaeta), and Austrocercella tillyardi
(Plecoptera), which occurred in higher numbers downstream of the effluent
discharge. Downstream of the effluent discharge the taxonomic
composition of the invertebrate community was not altered substantially
from that upstream, although there was a significant increase in the
abundance of the taxa which could take advantage of the increased food
resource. The changes in the invertebrate community were not evident
3.5 kilometres downstream of the effluent discharge, which corresponded
to the return of phosphorus concentrations to background levels. There
were increased abundances of several invertebrate taxa downstream of
both Thredbo Village and the rubbish tip in January which were
consistent with, but not as great as, those downstream of the sewage
effluent discharge. This was likely to be a result of increased nutrient
loads from urban runoff and tip leachate at these sites which possibly
lead to increased algal productivity. However, nutrient concentrations at
these sites were not notably higher than at the control site. The
sewage effluent discharge resulted in only small changes to the
invertebrate community in April or July 1983.