Journal articles: 'New South Wales estuaries'

1

West, R. J. "The seagrasses of New South Wales estuaries and embayments." Wetlands Australia 3, no. 1 (January 22, 2010): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.69.

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LOWRY, J. K. "A new species of Corophium from eastern Australian estuaries (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Corophiidae: Corophiinae: Corophiini)." Zootaxa 754, no. 1 (December 7, 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.754.1.1.

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Lowry & Stoddart (2003) reported seven species of corophiin amphipods from Australian waters. In this paper a new species, Corophium colo, is described from estuaries in Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria, the only species in Australian waters with an unfused urosome. Corophium colo is currently being used as a bioindicator of pollutants in estuarine waters.

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Saintilan, Neil. "Relationships between estuarine geomorphology, wetland extent and fish landings in New South Wales estuaries." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 61, no. 4 (December 2004): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.07.002.

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Hurwood, David A., Mike P. Heasman, and Peter B. Mather. "Gene flow, colonisation and demographic history of the flat oyster Ostrea angasi." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 8 (2005): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04261.

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The Australian flat oyster Ostrea angasi is currently being assessed for its potential as a species for culture in New South Wales. It is considered important to determine the population genetic structure of wild stocks among estuaries before translocation of juveniles (spat) for growout in order to avoid possible deleterious effects of hybridisation of genetically divergent stocks (i.e. outbreeding depression). Five estuaries were sampled in southern New South Wales as well as another four from across the natural range of the species in Australia. Sequence analysis of a 594 base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene was used to determine the degree of population structuring inferred from pairwise ΦST estimates and spatial analysis of molecular variance analysis. The analyses revealed that there is no significant genetic differentiation among the sampled New South Wales estuaries (P > 0.05) and all eastern samples represent a geographically homogeneous population. This essentially removes any potential constraints on broodstock sourcing and spat translocation within this region. Although levels of differentiation among all sites varied, little divergence was evident across the entire range of the sample. Furthermore, the study revealed extremely low levels of divergence between O. angasi and its northern hemisphere congener, O. edulis, raising the possibility that O. angasi may have only recently colonised Australian estuaries.

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Dunstan, D. J. "Some early environmental problems and guidelines in New South Wales estuaries." Wetlands Australia 9, no. 1 (October 16, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.140.

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Mills, Courtenay E., Wade L. Hadwen, and Jane M. Hughes. "Looking through glassfish: marine genetic structure in an estuarine species." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 7 (2008): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07215.

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Through the use of mitochondrial DNA (ATP8 gene), the prediction of intermediate genetic structuring was investigated in two species of estuarine glassfish (Ambassis marianus and Ambassis jacksoniensis) (Perciformes : Ambassidae) to determine the possibility of a generalised ‘estuarine’ genetic structure. Individuals were collected from estuaries in eastern Australia between Tin Can Bay (Queensland) in the north and Kempsey (New South Wales) in the south. Analysis of the haplotype frequencies found in this region suggested panmictic populations with star-like phylogenies with extremely high levels of genetic diversity, but with no correlation between geographic distance and genetic distance. Non-significant FST and ΦST suggested extensive dispersal among estuaries. However, Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS values suggest ‘mutation–genetic drift equilibrium’ has not been reached, and that population expansions occurring 262 000 (A. marianus) and 300 000 (A. jacksoniensis) years ago may obscure any phylogeographic structuring or isolation by distance. The finding of panmixia was contrary to the prediction of genetic structuring intermediate between that of marine fish (shallowly structured) and freshwater fish (highly structured), suggesting high dispersal capabilities in these species.

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Fury, Christine A., and Peter L. Harrison. "Abundance, site fidelity and range patterns of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in two Australian subtropical estuaries." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 11 (2008): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08109.

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Bottlenose dolphins are widely studied in marine habitats, but information on estuarine populations is very limited. The present study provides the first published data on bottlenose dolphins in Australian estuaries. Abundance estimates, site fidelity and individual ranging patterns were examined over a 3-year period for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) inhabiting the Clarence River (CR) and Richmond River (RR) estuaries in northern New South Wales, Australia. Mark–recapture analyses estimated 71 (62–81 95% CI) dolphins utilised the CR whereas 34 (19–49 95% CI) used the RR. Differences in site fidelity were observed between the estuaries, with 60% and 37% of identified dolphins determined as residents, 26% and 21% as occasional visitors and 14% and 42% as transients for the CR and RR respectively. Resource partitioning was apparent in both estuaries with the mean distance resident dolphins were found upstream from the river mouth being greater than occasional visitors and transients. The Clarence River sustains a larger, predominantly resident dolphin community compared with the Richmond River, which supports a relatively small dolphin community with lower site fidelity. Management of future increased anthropogenic disturbances is needed to ensure the long-term survival of these dolphin populations.

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Barua, Abanti, Penelope A. Ajani, Rendy Ruvindy, Hazel Farrell, Anthony Zammit, Steve Brett, David Hill, Chowdhury Sarowar, Mona Hoppenrath, and Shauna A. Murray. "First Detection of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins from Alexandrium pacificum above the Regulatory Limit in Blue Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in New South Wales, Australia." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060905.

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In 2016, 2017 and 2018, elevated levels of the species Alexandrium pacificum were detected within a blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) aquaculture area at Twofold Bay on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia. In 2016, the bloom persisted for at least eight weeks and maximum cell concentrations of 89,000 cells L−1 of A. pacificum were reported. The identity of A. pacificum was confirmed using molecular genetic tools (qPCR and amplicon sequencing) and complemented by light and scanning electron microscopy of cultured strains. Maximum reported concentrations of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in mussel tissue was 7.2 mg/kg PST STX equivalent. Elevated cell concentrations of A. pacificum were reported along the adjacent coastal shelf areas, and positive PST results were reported from nearby oyster producing estuaries during 2016. This is the first record of PSTs above the regulatory limit (0.8 mg/kg) in commercial aquaculture in New South Wales since the establishment of routine biotoxin monitoring in 2005. The intensity and duration of the 2016 A. pacificum bloom were unusual given the relatively low abundances of A. pacificum in estuarine and coastal waters of the region found in the prior 10 years.

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9

Golding, C. J., R. J. Smernik, and G. F. Birch. "Characterisation of sedimentary organic matter from three south-eastern Australian estuaries using solid-state 13C-NMR techniques." Marine and Freshwater Research 55, no. 3 (2004): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03167.

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Solid state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to characterise sedimentary organic matter sampled from three estuaries on the central New South Wales coast (Australia). Cross polarisation (CP) and Bloch decay (BD) experiments were used to determine the chemical composition of the samples. These experiments indicated that, although the natural organic matter is predominately terrestrial in origin, the proportion of carbon existing as aromatic carbon, distinctive of vascular plants, decreases towards the mouth of the estuaries. This suggests that the relative contribution of terrestrial and marine source material largely defines the character of estuarine organic matter. Substantial amounts of charcoal were identified in sedimentary organic matter close to recent bushfire activity. Proton-spin relaxation editing (PSRE) was used to probe the physical structure of the sedimentary organic matter at the sub-micron scale. This technique showed that the organic matter was heterogeneous, providing support for a popular model of sedimentary organic matter structure. However, detailed interpretation of the domain structure of the organic matter was hindered by the presence of multiple components from both terrestrial and marine sources.

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McMinn, Andrew. "Recent Dinoflagellate Cysts from Estuaries on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia." Micropaleontology 37, no. 3 (1991): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1485890.

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11

Nimbs, Matt J., and Stephen D. A. Smith. "Genetic Evidence Confirms That the Porostomate Nudibranch Dendrodoris gunnamatta Allan, 1932 Is a Morphotype of Dendrodoris krusensternii (Gray, 1850) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia)." Taxonomy 1, no. 2 (June 16, 2021): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy1020012.

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Conspecificity of the morphologically-similar, sympatric nudibranch species Dendrodoris gunnamatta (Allen, 1932) and Dendrodoris krusensternii (Gray, 1850) was tested using sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene. Data analysis supports the presence of phenotypic polymorphy in D. krusensternii where specimens from large estuaries and embayments in central New South Wales, Australia either lack or have highly reduced sky-blue ocellae.

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Hadwen, Wade L., Grant L. Russell, and Angela H. Arthington. "Gut content- and stable isotope-derived diets of four commercially and recreationally important fish species in two intermittently open estuaries." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 4 (2007): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06157.

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Despite remaining closed for variable periods, intermittently open estuaries provide habitat for estuarine and marine fish species of commercial and recreational value. To better understand how these systems trophically support their fish assemblages, the diets of four valued fish species, namely Acanthopagrus australis, Platycephalus fuscus, Sillago ciliata and Mugil cephalus, were examined in two intermittently open estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. Fish diets were determined using both gut contents and stable isotope analyses because the different temporal resolutions afforded by these methods can provide insight into the flexibility of fish diets. Stable isotope signatures of prey and fish proved to be particularly useful in analyses of the diets of M. cephalus and P. fuscus, because these species consume large quantities of unidentifiable organic matter and have high incidences of empty guts respectively. Diet reconstructions across methods were generally consistent for A. australis, but differed substantially for S. ciliata, with fewer prey taxa identified in the guts than expected. This result suggests that individual S. ciliata switch between local resources on the basis of their fluctuating temporal availability. Trophic flexibility, coupled with broad physicochemical tolerances, enables these species to flourish in the challenging environment of intermittently open estuaries.

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Gray, C. A., V. J. Gale, S. L. Stringfellow, and L. P. Raines. "Variations in sex, length and age compositions of commercial catches of Platycephalus fuscus (Pisces : Platycephalidae) in New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 7 (2002): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02036.

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Commercial landings of dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus) from four estuaries in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were sampled for data on sex, length and age composition between February and July each year for 2–3 years between 1995 and 1997. Landings primarily contained female fish, ranging from 55% to 93% by number for different estuaries. Flathead sampled in commercial catches ranged from 30 cm to 96 cm total length (TL), but the majority were 33–50 cm TL. Fish >40 cm TL were primarily female and male fish >45 cm TL were uncommon. The length composition of catches differed between gillnets of different mesh sizes, with the average length of fish being least in the smallest allowed mesh size of 70 mm. Fish were aged by otolith interpretation and the analysis of marginal increments indicated that one opaque and one translucent growth zone was formed each year; the opaque zone being deposited in June–August (winter) and first observed in September–October (spring). Commercial landings included fish aged 2–11+ years, but fish aged 2–4+ years dominated landings in all estuaries. The total mortality of dusky flathead in each estuary was estimated by catch curve analysis and was relatively high, ranging from 0.45 to 1.64. The data indicate that dusky flathead may be heavily exploited in NSW.

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Liggins, GW, SJ Kennelly, and MK Broadhurst. "Observer-based survey of by-catch from prawn trawling in Botany Bay and Port Jackson, New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 7 (1996): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960877.

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Catches and by-catches were surveyed in the commercial prawn trawl fleets of Botany Bay and Port Jackson, two estuaries in the Sydney metropolitan area (NSW, Australia). Catches were surveyed in all tows during replicate fishing trips in each month during the 1990-91 and 1991-92 prawn trawl seasons in each estuary. Significant species-specific variabilities in abundances were detected between estuaries, between years, and between early and late in the fishing season. The mean annual ratio of by-catch to catch of prawns (by weight) was 2.5 : 1 for Botany Bay and 1.8 : 1 for Port Jackson. A mean annual by-catch (� 1 s.e.) of 142 � 14 t was taken from the Botany Bay fishery and 38 � 3 t from Port Jackson. These by-catches included large numbers of small recreationally and commercially important finfish: a mean annual by-catch of 1.52 �0.20 million fish from Botany Bay and 219� 23 thousand fish from Port Jackson. Despite uncertainties about the impacts of such by-catches on interacting commercial and recreational fisheries, it is recommended that strategies for the reduction of such by-catches be considered.

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CONATY, S., P. BIRD, G. BELL, E. KRAA, G. GROHMANN, and J. M. McANULTY. "Hepatitis A in New South Wales, Australia, from consumption of oysters: the first reported outbreak." Epidemiology and Infection 124, no. 1 (February 2000): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899003386.

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Between 22 January and 4 April 1997, 467 hepatitis A cases were reported to the New South Wales Health Department, Australia. To identify the cause of the outbreak, we conducted a matched case-control study, and an environmental investigation. Among 66 cases and 66 postcode-matched controls, there was a strong association between illness and consumption of oysters (adjusted odds ratio 42; 95% confidence interval 5–379). More than two-thirds of cases reported eating oysters, including one third of cases and no controls who reported eating oysters in the Wallis Lake area. A public warning was issued on 14 February, and Wallis Lake oysters were withdrawn from sale. Hepatitis A virus was subsequently identified in oyster samples taken from the lake. Hepatitis A virus poses a special risk to consumers who eat raw oysters because it can survive for long periods in estuaries and cause severe disease.

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Rotherham, Douglas, Matt K. Broadhurst, Charles A. Gray, and Daniel D. Johnson. "Developing a beam trawl for sampling estuarine fish and crustaceans: assessment of a codend cover and effects of different sizes of mesh in the body and codend." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn038.

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Abstract Rotherham, D., Broadhurst, M. K., Gray, C. A., and Johnson, D. D. 2008. Developing a beam trawl for sampling estuarine fish and crustaceans: assessment of a codend cover and effects of different sizes of mesh in the body and codend. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 687–696. An experiment was carried out in the Clarence River (New South Wales, Australia) to test the hypotheses that fish and crustacean catches in an experimental beam trawl were affected by a codend cover and the sizes of mesh in the body and codend. The cover had no obvious effects on the catches retained in the codend. Similarly, in comparisons between trawl bodies made from 26- and 41-mm diamond-shaped mesh, there were no differences in the assemblages of fish caught, or in the mean numbers entering the codends. For one species of fish (Acanthopagrus australis), however, there were differences in the proportions caught between the trawl bodies across different size classes. There was also some evidence to suggest that mesh size in the body of the trawl influenced the size selection of school prawns (Metapenaeus macleayi). For most finfish, there were no differences in catches between codends made from 20-mm and from 29-mm mesh hung on the bar (i.e. square-shaped mesh). In contrast, mesh size in the codend was important for the size selectivity of school prawns, with smaller carapace lengths at 50% retention in the 20-mm codend. We conclude that use of a 41-mm mesh in the body and a 20-mm square mesh in the codend of the beam trawl would be appropriate for future sampling with this gear in estuaries of New South Wales. A similar experimental approach to ours is needed in adapting the beam trawl to estuaries in other parts of the world, or in developing other types of research trawl.

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Ferguson, AJP, BD Eyre, and JM Gay. "Benthic nutrient fluxes in euphotic sediments along shallow sub-tropical estuaries, northern New South Wales, Australia." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 37 (2004): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame037219.

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Pease, B. C. "A spatially oriented analysis of estuaries and their associated commercial fisheries in New South Wales, Australia." Fisheries Research 42, no. 1-2 (August 1999): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(99)00035-1.

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Gray, CA, DJ McElligott, and RC Chick. "Intra- and inter-estuary differences in assemblages of fishes associated with shallow seagrass and bare sand." Marine and Freshwater Research 47, no. 5 (1996): 723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960723.

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Differences in the assemblages of fishes associated with the seagrass Zostera capricorni and bare sand were assessed across eight estuaries spanning 300 km of the coast of northern New South Wales, Australia. Assemblages consistently differed between habitats in all estuaries, as species affinities within each habitat were relatively consistent. A greater diversity and abundance of fishes generally occurred over seagrass than over sand. Great variation in the abundances of individual species was evident but there were no consistent geographic (inter-estuary) effects. The abundances of most species varied as much between locations (0.5-2.0 km apart) within each estuary as among estuaries (15-300 km apart). Juveniles of economically important species occurred over seagrass (e.g. Rhabdosargus sarba, Acanthopagrus australis, Girella tricuspidata) and sand (e.g. Sillago ciliata). Before the true value of different nursery habitats to fisheries resources can be identified, the contribution of the juvenile fishes residing in the different nursery habitats to future (exploited) populations needs to be quantified.

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Birch, G. F. "Marine pollution in Australia, with special emphasis on central New South Wales estuaries and adjacent continental margin." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 13, no. 1/2/3/4/5/6 (2000): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2000.002334.

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Ajani, Penelope, Steve Brett, Martin Krogh, Peter Scanes, Grant Webster, and Leanne Armand. "The risk of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the oyster-growing estuaries of New South Wales, Australia." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, no. 6 (October 31, 2012): 5295–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2946-9.

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22

Gordon, GNG, NL Andrew, and SS Montgomery. "Deterministic compartmental model for the eastern king prawn (Penaeus plebejus) fishery in New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 46, no. 5 (1995): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9950793.

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Eastern king prawns (Penaeus plebejus) migrate north from estuaries along the eastern coast of New South Wales and are subject to fishing during this migration. A constant-parameter deterministic compartmental model of the northward migration is described in which the compartments are zones of constant latitudinal width. Assumptions made for each zone are similar to those made for the Baranov catch equation, in which the population decays exponentially through constant instantaneous rates of natural mortality, fishing mortality and emigration. However, in addition to these assumptions, emigration from each zone is assumed to replenish the population in the next zone to the north. This results in the dynamics of the population being described by a system of constant-coefficient linear first-order differential equations. The solutions of this system and of equations for cumulative catch are given in a form that allows the model to be generalized to other migration patterns as a multi- zone analogue of the Baranov catch equation. A discretized form of the model with a restricted parameterization is used to analyse tag-return data from four tag releases. Estimated parameters are used in a yield-per-recruit analysis of prawns recruited to the ocean fishery from Botany Bay.

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23

Farrell, Hazel, Penelope Ajani, Shauna Murray, Phil Baker, Grant Webster, Steve Brett, and Anthony Zammit. "Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxin Monitoring in Commercial Wild Harvest Bivalve Shellfish in New South Wales, Australia." Toxins 10, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10110446.

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An end-product market survey on biotoxins in commercial wild harvest shellfish (Plebidonax deltoides, Katelysia spp., Anadara granosa, Notocallista kingii) during three harvest seasons (2015–2017) from the coast of New South Wales, Australia found 99.38% of samples were within regulatory limits. Diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) were present in 34.27% of 321 samples but only in pipis (P. deltoides), with two samples above the regulatory limit. Comparison of these market survey data to samples (phytoplankton in water and biotoxins in shellfish tissue) collected during the same period at wild harvest beaches demonstrated that, while elevated concentrations of Dinophysis were detected, a lag in detecting bloom events on two occasions meant that wild harvest shellfish with DSTs above the regulatory limit entered the marketplace. Concurrently, data (phytoplankton and biotoxin) from Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) harvest areas in estuaries adjacent to wild harvest beaches impacted by DSTs frequently showed elevated Dinophysis concentrations, but DSTs were not detected in oyster samples. These results highlighted a need for distinct management strategies for different shellfish species, particularly during Dinophysis bloom events. DSTs above the regulatory limit in pipis sampled from the marketplace suggested there is merit in looking at options to strengthen the current wild harvest biotoxin management strategies.

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Batley, GE, C. Fuhua, CI Brockbank, and KJ Flegg. "Accumulation of Tributyltin by the Sydney Rock Oyster, Saccostrea commercialis." Marine and Freshwater Research 40, no. 1 (1989): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9890049.

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Tributyltin (TBT) concentrations have been measured in the tissue of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea commercialis sampled from estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. Background TBT levels of below 2 ng Sn g-1 contrasted with values between 80 and 130 ng Sn g-1 in oysters exposed to high boat densities or poor tidal flushing. Shell deformities and reduced tissue weights were associated with all samples displaying elevated TBT levels. Specimens of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, growing on the same racks displayed 2-3 times the TBT concentrations of S. commercialis.

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Ferguson, AJP, BD Eyre, and JM Gay. "Organic matter and benthic metabolism in euphotic sediments along shallow sub-tropical estuaries, northern New South Wales, Australia." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 33 (2003): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame033137.

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Hallegraeff, G. M., J. A. Marshall, J. Valentine, and S. Hardiman. "Short cyst-dormancy period of an Australian isolate of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella." Marine and Freshwater Research 49, no. 5 (1998): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf97264.

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Cyst beds of Alexandrium catenella (a causative organism of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) are widespread in New South Wales coastal and estuarine waters (temperature range 13–25˚C). Cysts produced by cultured isolates exhibited dormancy periods at 17˚C as short as 28–55 days. This contrasts with the usually longer dormancy requirements of temperate populations of A. catenella from Japan (97 days at 23˚C) and of A. tamarense from Cape Cod or British Columbia. With some Australian cysts, a 1-h temperature increase from 17˚ to 25˚C (equivalent to summer heating of shallow estuaries) improved germination success (up to 100% germination achieved after 98 days), but cold–dark storage did not produce the lengthened dormancy requirements that have been reported overseas for overwintering temperate cyst populations. The significance of this finding is that different geographic isolates of the same dinoflagellate taxon can have different cyst dormancy requirements which play different ecological roles (overwintering strategy v. rapid cycling between benthos and plankton).

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Kjerfve, B., HE Seim, AF Blumberg, and LD Wright. "Modelling of the residual circulation in Broken Bay and the lower Hawkesbury River, NSW." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 6 (1992): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9921339.

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To elucidate the importance of lateral circulation in estuaries, a tidal circulation model was applied to Broken Bay and the lower Hawkesbury River estuarine system in New South Wales, Australia. The numerical simulation model solves the vertically averaged governing equations explicitly on a 61 × 51 finite difference grid, utilizing a 6.5-s computational step. The model is forced with an M2 tidal wave with a 1.1-m range, steady homogeneous wind stress, and river discharge. The time-averaged circulation is computed as residual transport velocities and consists of a series of residual circulation gyres. These gyres are due to tidal ebb-flood flow asymmetries and suggest the importance of lateral estuarine circulation. Very limited field data are consistent with this interpretation. Gyres in open areas change their sense of rotation in response to changing wind stress, whereas the gyres in the main channel appear to be independent of wind stress. With river discharge increased from 38 to 1250 m3 s-1, the gyres are replaced by strong ocean-directed residual velocities. The residual Stokes' drift is everywhere landward-directed and is weak except in shallow, constricted areas.

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Birch, G. F., M. A. O'Donnell, and S. McCready. "Complex relationships between shallow muddy benthic assemblages, sediment chemistry and toxicity in estuaries in southern New South Wales, Australia." Marine Pollution Bulletin 129, no. 2 (April 2018): 573–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.033.

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Dye, A. H. "Is geomorphic zonation a useful predictor of patterns of benthic infauna in intermittent estuaries in New South Wales, Australia?" Estuaries and Coasts 29, no. 3 (June 2006): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02784993.

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Creighton, Colin, Paul I. Boon, Justin D. Brookes, and Marcus Sheaves. "Repairing Australia's estuaries for improved fisheries production – what benefits, at what cost?" Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 6 (2015): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14041.

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An Australia-wide assessment of ~1000 estuaries and embayments undertaken by the National Land and Water Resources Audit of 1997–2002 indicated that ~30% were modified to some degree. The most highly degraded were in New South Wales, where ~40% were classified as ‘extensively modified’ and <10% were ‘near pristine’. Since that review, urban populations have continued to grow rapidly, and increasing pressures for industrial and agricultural development in the coastal zone have resulted in ongoing degradation of Australia's estuaries and embayments. This degradation has had serious effects on biodiversity, and commercial and recreational fishing. A business case is developed that shows that an Australia-wide investment of AU$350 million into repair will be returned in less than 5 years. This return is merely from improved productivity of commercial fisheries of a limited number of fish, shellfish and crustacean species. Estuary repair represents an outstanding return on investment, possibly far greater than most of Australia's previous environmental repair initiatives and with clearly demonstrated outcomes across the Australian food and services economies.

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Amaral, Valter, Henrique N. Cabral, and Melanie J. Bishop. "Effect of runoff from acid-sulfate soils on pneumatophores of the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 8 (2011): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11003.

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Runoff from acid-sulfate soils (ASS) is increasingly threatening the structure and function of estuarine ecosystems worldwide. Along the eastern coast of Australia, sulfuric acid is known to affect the growth and survival of mangrove saplings; however, impacts of ASS runoff on the structure and function of established mangrove trees are unclear. Pneumatophores, the aerial roots produced by some species of mangrove, are critical sites of gas exchange, allowing these species to persist in waterlogged soils. They also provide physical structure in estuarine sediments, facilitating communities of algae, invertebrates and, at high tide, fish. We tested the hypotheses that Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. pneumatophores would be less abundant, shorter, thinner and weaker close to major ASS outflow drains. Sampling at sites close to and away from drains within each of two estuaries of New South Wales, Australia, showed no effect of exposure to runoff on pneumatophore density or thickness. Pneumatophores were, however, shorter (~2 cm) and weaker (up to two-fold) at ASS-affected than reference sites. Although the reduced length and strength of pneumatophores at acidified sites may limit the number of epifaunal molluscs they can support, the persistence of dense pneumatophores indicates that the capacity to benefit invertebrates and fish remains.

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Mckenzie, Rob, Michael Lowry, Heath Folpp, and Marcus Gregson. "Fouling assemblages associated with estuarine artificial reefs in new South Wales, Australia." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 59, spe1 (2011): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592011000500013.

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Nichol, S. L., and C. V. Murray‐Wallace. "A partially preserved last interglacial estuarine fill: Narrawallee Inlet, New South Wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 39, no. 4 (September 1992): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120099208728046.

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34

Taylor, Matthew D., Alistair Becker, Jane Quinn, Michael B. Lowry, Stewart Fielder, and Wayne Knibb. "Stock structure of dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus) to inform stocking management." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 10 (2020): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19364.

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Delineating stocks and quantifying population structure are critical for the management of exploited populations, but the stock structure of many species remains unclear. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, a marine stock enhancement program for dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus) is developing, and knowledge of stock structure is required to inform enhancement strategies, as well as to support broader fisheries management. A combination of mitochondrial and microsatellite markers was used in this study to evaluate structuring among fish from eight estuaries, spanning the majority of the NSW coast. Pairwise comparisons of mitochondrial haplotypes revealed that seven of the eight estuaries were genetically homogeneous (St Georges Basin was distinct). Moreover, analysis of molecular variance showed that 97% of sequence diversity occurred within estuaries. The results from microsatellite markers were almost identical to those for mitochondrial DNA, with St George’s Basin having the only distinct genotype, and within estuary variation accounting for 99% of the genotype variation. Isolation by distance analysis showed that <5% of genetic variation was due to distance. These results indicate that dusky flathead forms a single stock across NSW, where mixing most likely occurs during early life phases and through limited adult migration. The outlying estuary, St Georges Basin, likely suffers from limited connectivity due to a constricted entrance, and it is possible that stocking may improve local genetic diversity.

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Wright, Jeffrey T., Louise A. McKenzie, and Paul E. Gribben. "A decline in the abundance and condition of a native bivalve associated with Caulerpa taxifolia invasion." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 3 (2007): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06150.

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Caulerpa taxifolia is a fast-spreading invasive seaweed that threatens biodiversity in temperate Australian estuaries. To date, little is known about its effects on infauna. In the present study, we describe variation in demographic and life-history traits of the abundant infaunal bivalve, Anadara trapezia, in C. taxifolia and uninvaded habitats (seagrass and unvegetated sediments) at multiple sites across three estuaries in south-eastern New South Wales. Densities of A. trapezia were always lower in C. taxifolia than on unvegetated sediment, and lower in C. taxifolia than in seagrass at three out of four sites where they were compared. Dry tissue weight of A. trapezia was also lower in C. taxifolia than on unvegetated sediment at most sites, but was only lower in C. taxifolia than in seagrass at one of four sites. Populations were dominated by larger individuals (>45 mm length), but smaller individuals (35–45 mm length) were more common in C. taxifolia and seagrass. A. trapezia shell weight and morphology was variable and appeared weakly affected by invasion. Generally, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that A. trapezia is negatively affected by C. taxifolia. However, C. taxifolia invasion appears complex and, at some places, its effects may not differ from those of native seagrass. There is a need for manipulative studies to understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of C. taxifolia on infauna.

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Pierson, W. L., R. Nittim, M. J. Chadwick, K. A. Bishop, and P. R. Horton. "Assessment of changes to saltwater/freshwater habitat from reductions in flow to the Richmond River estuary, Australia." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0515.

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The Australian climate is highly variable and many Australian estuaries lack a seasonal pattern of freshwater flow. During periods of low freshwater inflow, saline waters enter from the ocean through the estuary mouth. These saline waters enter as density currents or as a result of tidal mixing. During periods of high freshwater inflow from the estuary catchment, salt water is flushed towards the estuary mouth. As a consequence, the saline structure of Australian estuaries can be highly variable, depending on the antecedent rainfall. The Richmond River in northern New South Wales is such an estuary. The biota inhabiting estuaries have varying levels of freshwater and saltwater tolerance and reducing the freshwater flow into and along an estuary will favour saltwater species. However, if extractions of freshwater from an estuary are sufficiently high, freshwater habitat could be eliminated entirely for short periods (~one month) but with consequent, and perhaps long-standing, damage to the environment. This contribution describes a new approach to quantify the impact of changes to freshwater flows to the Richmond River estuary. This approach includes a review of hydrological data gathered over the past century and includes a detailed assessment of: changes to the highly variable freshwater inflows and freshwater extraction below the tidal limit; consequent changes to the highly variable saline structure; and the risk to aquatic biota. The crucial factors of magnitude, frequency and duration of short-term intrusions of saline water into freshwater habitat and their impact are quantified by the methods developed.

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Birch, Gavin F., and Marco A. Olmos. "Sediment-bound heavy metals as indicators of human influence and biological risk in coastal water bodies." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 8 (September 15, 2008): 1407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn139.

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AbstractBirch, G. F., and Olmos, M. A. 2008. Sediment-bound heavy metals as indicators of human influence and biological risk in coastal water bodies. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1407–1413. Currently, many institutions are conducting or planning large, regional-scale ecosystem assessments of estuarine health. A full, integrated assessment of these environments requires a large suite of biological, physical, and chemical indicators, including sedimentary chemistry, ecotoxicology, benthic community structure, and bioaccumulation. This commitment is beyond the capacity of most organizations, and a simpler approach is required to accommodate limited financial resources. A case is made for the use of sedimentary heavy metals as an easy and inexpensive indicator. The advantages are that sediments identify the “pristine” condition and give baseline information against which future management strategies may be benchmarked, and that they differentiate solely human-induced change from natural variation. Sediment indicators in depositional environments are also less dynamic than those associated with water and biota. Our objective is to demonstrate that sediment-bound heavy metals data provide the spatial extent and magnitude of chemical change, as well as the risk of biological stress attributable to contamination in estuarine ecosystems. An assessment of this scheme involving seven New South Wales (Australia) estuaries suggests that sedimentary heavy-metal indicators used in a weight-of-evidence approach, with data collected during the recent Australian National Land and Water Resources Audit, enhances estuarine condition assessment.

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Robinson, K. I. M., and D. A. Pollard. "Marine and estuarine reserves in Australia with particular reference to New South Wales." Wetlands Australia 2, no. 1 (October 17, 2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.56.

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Gray, Charles A., Steven J. Kennelly, and Kate E. Hodgson. "Low levels of bycatch from estuarine prawn seining in New South Wales, Australia." Fisheries Research 64, no. 1 (October 2003): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(03)00185-1.

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Thorn, B. G., and C. V. Murray‐Wallace. "Geological note: Last interglacial (stage 5e) estuarine sediments at largs, new south wales." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 35, no. 4 (December 1988): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08120098808729471.

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Wong, Vanessa N. L., Simon Walsh, and Stephen Morris. "Climate affects fish-kill events in subtropical estuaries of eastern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 11 (2018): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17307.

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Fish kills following austral summer flood events (November–March) occur episodically in estuarine channels in Australia. We examined the climatic conditions associated with the historic record of such events in a subtropical region in eastern Australia to determine the effect of antecedent weather conditions on the probability of post-flood fish-kill events. Records, including regional county council logs, newspapers and New South Wales Fisheries annual reports, were analysed for reports of floods and fish kills following these events. Daily rainfall patterns preceding floods with fish-kill events tended to be drier than rainfall patterns preceding floods when a fish kill did not occur. Based on these observations, it is proposed that estuarine hypoxia resulting in a fish kill is increased by prolonged dry periods followed by rapid and intensive rainfall preceding the flood peak. This is most likely due to (i) accumulation of organic material on the floodplain due to vegetation stress and reduced decomposition processes in drier conditions; (ii) upstream migration of the salt wedge, allowing some estuarine fish species to maintain an optimum environment, followed by flooding with (iii) rapid consumption of dissolved oxygen during decomposition of accumulated organic material sourced from senescent vegetation; and (iv) fish becoming trapped upstream in discharging hypoxic floodwater during the flood recession phase.

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Nicholas, W. L., and A. C. Stewart. "The nematode fauna of two estuarine mangrove mud-flats on the South Coast of New South Wales." Wetlands Australia 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2010): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31646/wa.214.

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Davis, Tom R., David Harasti, and Stephen D. A. Smith. "Developing a habitat classification typology for subtidal habitats in a temperate estuary in New South Wales, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 8 (2016): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15123.

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Effective estuarine management depends on adequate data about the ecology, extent and biodiversity of component habitats. However, these data are often scant, as exemplified by the Port Stephens estuary, part of the Port Stephens–Great Lakes Marine Park (NSW, Australia), for which even basic descriptions of habitat types and extent are lacking. Herein we present the results of the first quantitative assessment of subtidal benthic communities within the estuary, involving 130km of towed video transects over an area exceeding 50km2. We identified previously undocumented macroalgae-dominated habitat types and found strong correlations between habitat types and depth. The soft coral Dendronephthya australis habitat is of particular interest because this was found to occur exclusively outside current sanctuary (no take) zones. The habitat map of Port Stephens generated during the study provides the basis for more objective representative planning in future iterations of zoning in the estuarine section of the marine park. The study also suggests that depth may be a useful proxy for estuarine habitat types where specific data are lacking. The classification methodology developed during the study was cost-effective, generated robust data and consequently has potential for wider application in other large estuarine bays.

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Glaspie, Cassandra N., Sarah R. Jenkinson, and Rochelle D. Seitz. "Effects of Estuarine Acidification on an Oyster-Associated Community in New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Shellfish Research 37, no. 1 (April 2018): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2983/035.037.0105.

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45

Brougham, Tom, Elizabeth T. Smith, and Phil R. Bell. "Isolated teeth of Anhangueria (Pterosauria: Pterodactyloidea) from the Lower Cretaceous of Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia." PeerJ 5 (May 3, 2017): e3256. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3256.

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The fossil record of Australian pterosaurs is sparse, consisting of only a small number of isolated and fragmentary remains from the Cretaceous of Queensland, Western Australia and Victoria. Here, we describe two isolated pterosaur teeth from the Lower Cretaceous (middle Albian) Griman Creek Formation at Lightning Ridge (New South Wales) and identify them as indeterminate members of the pterodactyloid clade Anhangueria. This represents the first formal description of pterosaur material from New South Wales. The presence of one or more anhanguerian pterosaurs at Lightning Ridge correlates with the presence of ‘ornithocheirid’ andAnhanguera-like pterosaurs from the contemporaneous Toolebuc Formation of central Queensland and the global distribution attained by ornithocheiroids during the Early Cretaceous. The morphology of the teeth and their presence in the estuarine- and lacustrine-influenced Griman Creek Formation is likely indicative of similar life habits of the tooth bearer to other members of Anhangueria.

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Harris, Peter T., and Andrew D. Heap. "Comment on “Is geomorphic zonation a useful predictor of patterns of benthic infauna in intermittent estuaries in New South Wales, Australia?” by A. H. Dye 2006.Estuaries and Coasts 29:455–464." Estuaries and Coasts 30, no. 3 (June 2007): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036522.

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Short, Graham, David Harasti, and Healy Hamilton. "Hippocampus whitei Bleeker, 1855, a senior synonym of the southern Queensland seahorse H. procerus Kuiter, 2001: molecular and morphological evidence (Teleostei, Syngnathidae)." ZooKeys 824 (February 14, 2019): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.824.30921.

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The taxonomic status of the seahorse Hippocampusprocerus Kuiter, 2001, type locality Hervey Bay, QLD, Australia, was re-examined based on its strong morphological similarity and geographical proximity to its congener H.whitei Bleeker, 1855, a species recorded in ten estuaries of New South Wales, Australia. Kuiter (2001) distinguished H.procerus from H.whitei by a taller coronet, marginally lower meristics, and spinier physiognomy. Meristic, morphometric, and key diagnostic morphological character comparisons from vouchered specimens of the two purported species collected from Sydney Harbour, Nelson Bay, Port Stephens, NSW and Hervey Bay, Bundaberg, and Moreton Bay, QLD did not show diagnostic differences to support species-level classification of H.procerus. Furthermore, partial mitochondrial COI sequence data from specimens sampled from known geographical distributions in NSW and Southport, QLD failed to discriminate between populations as a result of shared haplotypes, and revealed an average intraspecific divergence of 0.002%. Hippocampusprocerus is hereby placed in the synonymy of H.whitei; a redescription is provided, with a revised record of its range across eastern Australia.

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Wright, Jeffrey T., James E. Byers, Loni P. Koukoumaftsis, and Paul E. Gribben. "Differences in anti-predator traits of a native bivalve following invasion by a habitat-forming seaweed." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 3 (2012): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11184.

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Invasive habitat-forming species cause large changes to the abiotic environment, which may lead to lethal and sublethal effects on native fauna. In this study, we tested whether morphological anti-predator traits of an infaunal bivalve, Anadara trapezia, differed between areas invaded by the habitat-forming seaweed Caulerpa taxifolia and uninvaded habitats in estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. Caulerpa changes the abiotic environment in ways that may affect traits of native species. In particular, there is lower water flow, lower dissolved oxygen in the water and sediments are more silty and anoxic than in unvegetated habitat. To test our hypotheses, we collected Anadara from Caulerpa and uninvaded habitats and measured shell thickness, shell strength and resistance to opening of valves. We found that all three traits were reduced in Anadara from Caulerpa habitat compared with Anadara from uninvaded habitats. These findings are consistent with the idea that trait modifications in native fauna in response to invasive habitat-forming species can potentially increase susceptibility to predation.

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Trnski, T. "Diel and tidal abundance of fish larvae in a barrier-estuary channel in New South Wales." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 7 (2001): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00148.

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In four 24-h series of ichthyoplankton sampling during winter (June–July) 1996 in Swansea Channel (which connects Lake Macquarie with coastal waters of central New South Wales, Australia) 3367 fish larvae representing at least 77 species were collected. The larval fish community clustered by sampling date and by diel phase. Diel phase had a stronger influence on abundance of more common taxa than did tide phase, and also most influence on community structure. For most taxa there was no difference in abundance between flood and ebb tides, regardless of the estuarine or marine source of the eggs and larvae. All but two of 16 common species were present in Swansea Channel throughout their entire larval stage. The sparids Acanthopagrus australis and Rhabdosargus sarbawere present in the channel only at settlement-competent sizes. These two species showed evidence of selective presence in the channel during a particular diel or tidal phase, with A. australis apparently preferring night-flood tides, which would aid migration to the estuarine nursery habitats in Lake Macquarie. The ability or inclination to escape the strong bi-directional flows in channels seems limited to only a few taxa that appear to respond to physical cues and tidal current flows.

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Moore, Stephanie K., and Iain M. Suthers. "Can the nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes of the pygmy mussel,Xenostrobus securis, indicate catchment disturbance for estuaries in northern New South Wales, Australia?" Estuaries 28, no. 5 (October 2005): 714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02732910.

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Journal articles on the topic 'New South Wales estuaries'

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